Citizendia

Norman Foster

Personal information
NameNorman Foster
NationalityFlag of the United Kingdom British
Birth dateJune 1, 1935 (1935-06-01) (age 73)
Birth placeFlag of England Stockport, Greater Manchester, England
Work
Practice nameFoster + Partners
Significant buildings30 St Mary Axe, London

Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters, Ipswich
Wembley Stadium

Significant projectsAmerican Hangar at the Imperial War Museum Duxford
Awards and prizesStirling Prize, Pritzker Architecture Prize, Minerva Medal
The restored Reichstag in Berlin, housing the German parliament. The dome was built by Foster's redesign.
The restored Reichstag in Berlin, housing the German parliament. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Stockport ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground on the River Mersey at the influx of the rivers Goyt Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 30 St Mary Axe is a Skyscraper in London 's main financial district the City of London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. For the Willis Building in London also designed by Norman Foster see Willis Building (London The Willis building in Ipswich, England Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell Wembley Stadium is a Stadium in Wembley, located in the London Borough of Brent in London, England. The Imperial War Museum Duxford in Cambridgeshire, England, commonly referred to simply as 'Duxford', houses the Imperial War Museum 's The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in Architecture. The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually by the Hyatt Foundation to honor "a living Architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of those The Chartered Society of Designers (CSD headquartered in London, England, is the professional body for designers The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag, the first Parliament of the German Empire. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. The dome was built by Foster's redesign.
The Hearst Tower in New York City.
The Hearst Tower in New York City. Hearst Tower in New York City, New York is located at 300 West 57th Street, 959 8th Avenue, near Columbus Circle. The City of New York
The Expo MRT Station, part of the Mass Rapid Transit system in Singapore.
The Expo MRT Station, part of the Mass Rapid Transit system in Singapore. The Expo MRT Station (CG1 was opened on 10 January 2001, and is part of the Singapore MRT Changi Airport Extension to the existing East The Mass Rapid Transit or MRT (大众快速交通 or more commonly known as 地铁 Malay: Sistem Pengangkutan Gerak Cepat; Tamil: சிங்கை Singapore
View of 30 St Mary Axe from street level. The building serves as the London headquarters for Swiss Re and is informally known as "The Gherkin".
View of 30 St Mary Axe from street level. 30 St Mary Axe is a Skyscraper in London 's main financial district the City of London. The building serves as the London headquarters for Swiss Re and is informally known as "The Gherkin". London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. For the Swiss Re Tower London see 30 St Mary Axe Swiss Re ( is the world’s largest reinsurer, now that it has acquired GE Insurance 30 St Mary Axe is a Skyscraper in London 's main financial district the City of London.
The Millau Viaduct, opened 2004
The Millau Viaduct, opened 2004
The Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters in Ipswich was one of Foster's earliest commissions after founding Foster Associates.
The Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters in Ipswich was one of Foster's earliest commissions after founding Foster Associates. The Millau Viaduct (le Viaduc de Millau) is a large cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the River Tarn near Millau For the Willis Building in London also designed by Norman Foster see Willis Building (London The Willis building in Ipswich, England Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell Foster + Partners is a leading Architectural firm in the United Kingdom.

Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, OM, FRIBA, RDI, (born 1 June 1935) is a British architect whose company maintains an international design practice. The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA is a Professional body for Architects in the United Kingdom. Royal Designer for Industry is a distinction established by the British Royal Society of Arts (or RSA in 1936, to encourage a high standard of industrial design and Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Contents

Biography

Foster was born in Reddish, Stockport, England,[1] to a working-class family. Reddish is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Stockport ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground on the River Mersey at the influx of the rivers Goyt England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland He was naturally gifted and performed well at school and took an interest in architecture, particularly in the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier. Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8 1867 &ndash April 9 1959 was an American (of Welsh descent Architect, Interior designer, Writer, and educator who Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (ˈlʊdvɪç miːs faːn dɛʀ ˈʀoːɐ born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies ( March 27, 1886 &ndash August 17, 1969 Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier ( October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965) was a Swiss

Leaving school at 16, he worked in the Manchester City Treasurer's office before joining National Service in the Royal Air Force. "National Service" redirects here For national service in other countries see National service. After he was discharged, in 1956 Foster attended the University of Manchester's School of Architecture and City Planning (graduating in 1961). The University of Manchester is a " red brick " civic University located in Manchester, England. Later, he won the Henry Fellowship to the Yale School of Architecture, where he met former business partner Richard Rogers and earned his Master's degree. The Yale School of Architecture is one of the constituent professional schools of Yale University. Richard George Rogers Baron Rogers of Riverside, CH, FRIBA (born 23 July 1933) is a British Architect noted He then travelled in America for a year, returning to the UK in 1962 where he set up an architectural practice as Team 4 with Rogers and their respective wives Wendy Cheesman and Sue Rogers. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They quickly earned a reputation for high-tech industrial design.

Foster and Partners

After Team 4 went their separate ways, in 1967 Foster and Wendy Cheeseman founded Foster Associates, which later became Foster and Partners. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Foster + Partners is a leading Architectural firm in the United Kingdom. 1968 saw the beginning of a long period of collaboration with American architect Richard Buckminster Fuller, which continued until Fuller's death in 1983, on several projects that became catalysts in the development of an environmentally sensitive approach to design - including the Samuel Beckett Theatre project. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Richard Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller ( July 12, 1895 &ndash July 1, 1983) was an American Architect, Author Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar)

Foster and Partners breakthrough building in the UK was the Willis Faber & Dumas headquarters in Ipswich, from 1974. For the Willis Building in London also designed by Norman Foster see Willis Building (London The Willis building in Ipswich, England Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The client was a family firm insurance company which wanted to restore a sense of community to the workplace. Foster created open-plan office floors long before open-plan became the norm. In a town not over-endowed with public facilities, the roof gardens, 25m swimming pool and gymnasium greatly enhance the quality of life of the company's 1200 employees. The building is wrapped in a full-height glass facade which moulds itself to the medieval street plan and contributes real drama, subtly shifting from opaque, reflective black to a glowing backlit transparency as the sun sets. The building is now Grade One Listed.

Present day

Today, Foster and Partners work with its engineering collaborators to integrate complex computer systems with the most basic physical laws, such as convection. Convection in the most general terms refers to the movement of molecules within Fluids (i The approach creates intelligent, efficient structures like the Swiss Re London headquarters at 30 St Mary Axe, nicknamed "The Gherkin", whose complex facade lets in air for passive cooling and then vents it as it warms and rises. For the Swiss Re Tower London see 30 St Mary Axe Swiss Re ( is the world’s largest reinsurer, now that it has acquired GE Insurance London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. 30 St Mary Axe is a Skyscraper in London 's main financial district the City of London.

Foster's earlier designs reflected a sophisticated, machine-influenced high-tech vision. His style has since evolved into a more sublime, sharp-edged modernity.

Foster is currently involved in a dispute with the Couper Collection, a floating art museum near his London offices, regarding his plans to redevelop the area and force removal of the museum's barges. The Couper Collection is a floating art museum and registered charity, on converted barges which is permanently moored at on the banks of the Thames in Battersea [2][3]

Ken Shuttleworth, a senior project architect at Foster and Partners, recently left the firm to set up his own architectural practice, MAKE Architects. Ken Shuttleworth (born 1952 in Birmingham) is an English Architect. [4] Shuttleworth is reported to have been the driving force behind the practice in recent years having designed some of the firm's most prominent projects in the past few years, including London City Hall and 30 St Mary Axe. City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority which comprises the Mayor of London and London Assembly. 30 St Mary Axe is a Skyscraper in London 's main financial district the City of London.

In January 2007, The Sunday Times reported that Foster had called in Catalyst, a corporate finance house, to find buyers for Foster and Partners. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Foster does not intend to retire, but sell out his 85%+ holding in the company valued at £300M to £500M. [5]

Recognition

Foster was knighted in 1990 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1997. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. In 1999, he was created a life peer, as Baron Foster of Thames Bank, of Reddish in the County of Greater Manchester. In the United Kingdom, life peers are created members of the Peerage whose titles may not be inherited (those whose titles are inheritable are known as Hereditary [6] He is a cross-bencher. In certain legislative assemblies, especially those which are based on the Westminster system, a crossbencher is a member of the assembly who is a member of neither

He is the second British architect to win the Stirling Prize twice: the first for the American Hangar at the Imperial War Museum Duxford in 1998, and the second for 30 St Mary Axe in 2004. The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in Architecture. The Imperial War Museum Duxford in Cambridgeshire, England, commonly referred to simply as 'Duxford', houses the Imperial War Museum 's Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " In consideration of his whole portfolio, Foster was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1999. The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually by the Hyatt Foundation to honor "a living Architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of those He is also a Fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers and winner of the Minerva Medal, the Society's highest award. A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade The Chartered Society of Designers (CSD headquartered in London, England, is the professional body for designers

In Germany Lord Foster received the Order Pour le Mérite. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Pour le Mérite, known informally during World War I as the Blue Max (Blauer Max was the Kingdom of Prussia 's highest military order until

Most recently, in September of 2007, Foster was awarded the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, the largest architectural award in the world, for the Petronas University of Technology, Bandar Seri in Iskandar, Malaysia. The Aga Khan Award for Architecture ( AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977 Universiti Teknologi Petronas ( Abbreviation: UTP English: Petronas University of Technology) was established on 10 January 1997 when Petronas [7] [8]

Furthermore, it was announced in January 2008 that Foster was to be awarded an honorary degree from the Dundee School of Architecture at the University of Dundee, a well respected UK school.

Personal life

Foster married business partner Wendy Cheeseman. She died of cancer in 1989, leaving him with four sons. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)

For a while he was linked with BBC newsreader Anna Ford, but he married Indian-born Begum Sabiha Rumani Malik who became his second wife. Anna Ford (born 2 October 1943 in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire) is a retired English Journalist and Television presenter, best known India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sabiha Rumani Malik was born in India to a Sufi family Having worked as Creative Director of Foster and Partners, Sabiha was instrumental in the implementation of concepts They met when Sabiha was married to Andrew Knight, then Chairman of News International plc. Andrew Stephen Bower Knight (born 1 November 1939 in England) is a Journalist, editor, and Media baron. News International Ltd is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation.

Foster and Sabiha divorced in 1998, and Foster is presently married to Elena Foster, Chairman of the Tate International Council, and founder of Ivory Press. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Lady Foster of Thames Bank (the former Prof. Dr. Elena Ochoa), is a graduate of University of Madrid and former journalist, who used to lecture at University of Cambridge and is an expert on Alzheimer's disease. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Alzheimer's disease ( AD) also called Alzheimer disease or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of Dementia. In Spain Miss Ochoa is better known as "La doctora del sexo" after she presented the prime-time TV programme "Hablemos de Sexo" ("Let's Talk About Sex"), in 1990. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) T[9]

A qualified pilot, Foster flies his own private jet and helicopter between his home above the London offices of Foster and Partners, as well to his homes in France and Switzerland. [10] In 2007, Foster bought a Swiss 1720s chateau from the German industrialist Charles Grohe, which will become his home from late 2008. Events and trends Manufacture of the earliest surviving Pianos World leaders Louis XV King of France [11]

Children

Son: Jay Foster
Daughter: Paola Foster
Son: Eduardo Foster
Step Daughter: India Knight
Step Daughter: Amaryllis Knight
Step Daughter: Afsaneh Knight

Selected projects

Foster has established an extremely prolific career in the span of four decades. India Knight, born in 1965 is a British journalist and author born in Brussels, Belgium, known for her contribution to the British media Amaryllis Knight, ( 1976) is the co-owner of Falcon Motorcycles which she started with her fiancee the custom builder Ian Barry. The following are some of his major constructions:

Proposed or under construction

Torre Caja Madrid under construction (January 2008).
Torre Caja Madrid under construction (January 2008). Torre Repsol redirects here For the building in Buenos Aires ( Argentina) see Repsol-YPF tower.

Completed

Reichstag dome at night
Reichstag dome at night
Dresden Hauptbahnhof roof and cupola
Dresden Hauptbahnhof roof and cupola
Metropolitan Building in Warsaw
Metropolitan Building in Warsaw

Non-architectural projects

Foster's other design work has included the Nomos desk system for Italian manufacturer Tecno,[18] and the motor yacht Izanami (later Ronin) for Lürssen Yachts. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Thomas Deacon Academy is an academy located in Peterborough, England. The Willis Building at 51 Lime Street, is a large office tower in London 's main financial district the City of London. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Wembley Stadium is a Stadium in Wembley, located in the London Borough of Brent in London, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Palace of Peace and Reconciliation (also translated as the Pyramid of Peace and Accord) is a 77 m high building in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan Astana ( Kazakh: Астана آستانه former names include Akmola, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Aqmola) is the capital Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Hearst Tower in New York City, New York is located at 300 West 57th Street, 959 8th Avenue, near Columbus Circle. The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the is one of two main inter-city transit hubs in the German city of Dresden. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Deutsche Bank Place is a Skyscraper in Sydney Australia. It is located at 126 Phillip Street (corner of Hunter Street in the north-eastern end Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Philological Library is the newest component of the campus of the Free University of Berlin. The Free University of Berlin ( FU Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin is the second largest of the four Universities in Berlin. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The National Police Memorial is a memorial in central London, commemorating about 4000 Police officers killed in the course of their duties in the United The Mall (ˈmæl in London is the road running from Buckingham Palace at its western end to Admiralty Arch and on to Trafalgar Square London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located St Moritz ( German: Sankt Moritz, Romansh: San Murezzan) is an exclusive resort town in the Engadine valley in Switzerland Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation From 1 October 2008 Tanaka Business School will be known as Imperial College Business School. Imperial College London (officially The Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine as given in its Royal Charter It is one of only three universities to have reached The McLaren Technology Centre is the Headquarters of the McLaren Group, located on a 500000 m² site in Woking, United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Sage Gateshead is a centre for musical education performance and conferences located in Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the north-east Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 30 St Mary Axe is a Skyscraper in London 's main financial district the City of London. For the Swiss Re Tower London see 30 St Mary Axe Swiss Re ( is the world’s largest reinsurer, now that it has acquired GE Insurance London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Metro Bilbao is a metro system serving the city of Bilbao ( Basque Country, Spain) and its metropolitan area ( Greater Bilbao) Bilbao, (also Bilbo) in the North of Spain, is the largest city in the Basque Country and the capital of the province of Biscay (Basque Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Universiti Teknologi Petronas ( Abbreviation: UTP English: Petronas University of Technology) was established on 10 January 1997 when Petronas For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Palo Alto (ˌpæloʊˈæltoʊ from Spanish: palo: "stick" and alto: "high" i 8 Canada Square (also known as HSBC Group Head Office, or HSBC Tower) is a Skyscraper located in the Canary Wharf development in the London HSBC Holdings plc ( (,,,) is a Public limited company incorporated in England and Wales, headquartered in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. The London School of Economics and Political Science, more commonly referred to as The London School of Economics or LSE, is a specialist college of the London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located J Sainsbury plc ( is the parent company of Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd commonly known as Sainsbury's (also Sainsbury and JS) the third largest Holborn (ˈhoʊbɚn or /ˈhoʊbɝːn/ "ho bun" is an area of Central London, England London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Rennes ( Gallo: Resnn, Roazhon Condate Condate Riedonum is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Expo MRT Station (CG1 was opened on 10 January 2001, and is part of the Singapore MRT Changi Airport Extension to the existing East Singapore The London Millennium Footbridge is a pedestrian-only steel Suspension bridge crossing the River Thames in London, England, linking London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority which comprises the Mayor of London and London Assembly. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag, the first Parliament of the German Empire. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The central quadrangle of the British Museum in London was redeveloped to a design by Foster and Partners to become the Queen Elizabeth II The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Hong Kong International Airport is the main airport in Hong Kong. Chek Lap Kok is an Island in the western waters of Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Commerzbank Tower is a Skyscraper located in the city centre of Frankfurt, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Clyde Auditorium, familiarly known as " The Armadillo " is a Concert and public event venue in Glasgow, Scotland. The Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre ( SECC) located on the north bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, is Scotland's national venue Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the The Joslyn Art Museum is the principal fine arts Museum in the state of Nebraska, United States of America. Fréjus can also refer to the Fréjus Road Tunnel and the Fréjus Rail Tunnel in the Alps This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Nîmes ( Provençal Occitan: Nimes in both classical and Mistralian norms is a city in southern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Torre de Collserola (or Torre Foster) is a uniquely designed tower located on the Tibidabo hill in the Serra de Collserola, in Barcelona Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. London Stansted Airport is a passenger Airport located in the Uttlesford District of the English County of Essex about 38 miles (61 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The HSBC Main Building ( is the Headquarters building of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited in Central, Hong Kong. Swindon ( is a large town in the ceremonial county of Wiltshire in the South West of England, midway between Bristol (64 km / 40 miles The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts is an art gallery and museum located on the Campus of the University of East Anglia, Norwich in the United Kingdom The University of East Anglia is a campus-based University located in Norwich, England, and founded in 1963 History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland For the Willis Building in London also designed by Norman Foster see Willis Building (London The Willis building in Ipswich, England Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Cosham is a northern suburb of Portsmouth lying within the city boundary but off Portsea Island. History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. [19]

See also

References

  1. ^ (2007) Who's Who. Thin-shell structures are light weight constructions using shell elements. Peter Rice (1935&ndash1992 was an Irish Structural engineer. Life Born in Dundalk in County Louth he spent his childhood between London: A&C Black Ltd. Retrieved on 2007-02-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation  
  2. ^ UK Times article
  3. ^ UK Observer article
  4. ^ MAKE Architects
  5. ^ Foster puts £500m firm up for sale
  6. ^ Announcement of Foster's introduction at the House of Lords
  7. ^ News - NINE PROJECTS RECEIVE 2007 AGA KHAN AWARD FOR ARCHITECTURE - 4 September 2007
  8. ^ Foster + Partners
  9. ^ Lady Foster bio
  10. ^ Foster puts £500m firm up for sale
  11. ^ Lord Foster designs himself new life in Switzerland. Sunday Times (April 27, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
  12. ^ "Barcelona chooses Norman Foster to remodel Camp Nou stadium", International Herald Tribune, September 18, 2007. The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.  
  13. ^ Foster plans world’s biggest building - Times Online
  14. ^ Inhabitat » World’s Biggest Building Coming to Moscow: Crystal Island
  15. ^ TIME Europe magazine
  16. ^ University of Toronto Capital Projects
  17. ^ Hearst Tower, New York City
  18. ^ Foster + Partners
  19. ^ Foster + Partners

External links

Structurae is an online Database containing works of structural and Civil engineering of all kinds such as Bridges High-rise buildings
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