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Niagara River
Satellite image of the Niagara River. Flowing from Lake Erie in the south (bottom of image) to Lake Ontario in the north, the river passes around Grand Island before going over Niagara Falls, after which it narrows in the Niagara Gorge. Two hydropower reservoirs are visible just before the river widens after exiting the gorge. The Welland Canal is visible on the far left side of this image. (Source: NASA Visible Earth)
Satellite image of the Niagara River. Flowing from Lake Erie in the south (bottom of image) to Lake Ontario in the north, the river passes around Grand Island before going over Niagara Falls, after which it narrows in the Niagara Gorge. Two hydropower reservoirs are visible just before the river widens after exiting the gorge. The Welland Canal is visible on the far left side of this image. The Welland Canal is a Ship canal that runs 42  km (270  Miles from Port Colborne Ontario on Lake Erie to Port (Source: NASA Visible Earth)
OriginLake Erie
MouthLake Ontario
Basin countriesUnited States & Canada
Length36 mi (58 km)[1]
Avg. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, discharge204,800 cfs (5,796 m³/s)[2]
Basin area264,000 sq mi (684,000 km²)[1]

The Niagara River flows to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. In Hydrology, the discharge or outflow of a River is the volume of Water transported by it in a certain amount of time A cubic foot per second (also cfs, cu ft/s, cusec and ft³/s) is an Imperial unit / U A cubic metre per second ( m3·s&minus1, m3/s, cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English Lake Erie (ˈɪəriː is the fourth largest Lake (by surface area of the five Great Lakes, and the tenth largest globally Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It serves as part of the border between the Province of Ontario in Canada and New York State in the United States. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the There are various theories as to the origin of the name. According to NASA, "Niagara" comes from a Native American word meaning "at the neck". The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program [3] According to George R. Stewart, it comes from the name of an Iroquois town called "Ongniaahra", meaning "point of land cut in two". George Rippey Stewart ( May 31, 1895 – August 22, 1980) was an American Toponymist, a novelist and a professor of English The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse [4]

Contents

Description

The river, which is occasionally described as a strait,[5] is approximately 56 kilometres (35 mi) long and includes Niagara Falls along its course. A strait is a narrow navigable Channel of water that connects two larger navigable bodies of water The Niagara Falls are massive Waterfalls on the Niagara River, straddling the international border separating the Canadian province of Ontario The falls have moved upstream from the Niagara Escarpment about 11 kilometers (7 mi) in the last 12,000 years, resulting in a gorge below the falls. The Niagara Escarpment is a long Escarpment, or Cuesta, in the United States and Canada that runs westward from New York State, through Today, diversion of the river for electricity generation has significantly reduced the rate of erosion. Electricity generation is the process of converting non-electrical Energy to Electricity.

Power plants on the river are the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Stations, on the Canadian side, and the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant, built in 1961, on the American side. Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Stations are two hydro electric power stations in Niagara Falls Ontario, Canada. Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant is a hydroelectric Power plant in Lewiston NY near Niagara Falls NY The sites generate 4. 4 gigawatts of electricity combined. The river flow is also regulated by the International Control Works built in 1954. Shipping on the Great Lakes bypasses the Niagara River and Niagara Falls using the Welland Canal, part of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, located on the Canadian side. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The Welland Canal is a Ship canal that runs 42  km (270  Miles from Port Colborne Ontario on Lake Erie to Port The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes

The American Falls with Goat Island to its right.
The American Falls with Goat Island to its right.

The total drop in elevation along the river is 326 ft (99 meters). The Niagara Gorge extends 7 mi (11. 26 km)downstream from the Falls and includes the Niagara Whirlpool and another section of rapids. It also one of the few rivers in North America to flow northward, and empties 2/5ths of the fresh water in North America.

The Niagara River features two large islands, Grand Island and Goat Island, both in the United States. Grand Island is a Town and an Island in Erie County, New York, USA. Goat Island is a small uninhabited Island in the Niagara River, located in the middle of Niagara Falls between the Bridal Veil Falls and The western end of the Erie Canal is near Grand Island. The Erie Canal is a popular canal in New York state from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, approximately 360 miles connecting the Great Lakes Goat Island and the tiny Luna Island split Niagara Falls into its three sections, the Horseshoe, Bridal Veil, and American Falls. Luna Island is a very small uninhabited island in Niagara Falls, New York. Navy Island, on the Canadian side, is near the north end of Grand Island, while Strawberry Island and Motor Island lie southeast of Grand Island. Navy Island is a small island in the Niagara River in the province of Ontario, Canada. Squaw Island lies further upstream, alongside the city of Buffalo. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State.

Niagara Glen features many rapids downstream of Niagara Falls
Niagara Glen features many rapids downstream of Niagara Falls

The Niagara River and its tributaries, Tonawanda Creek and the Welland River, formed part of the last section of the Erie Canal and Welland Canal. Tonawanda Creek is a small River in Western New York, in the United States. The Welland River is a river in the Niagara Region of southern Ontario which flows from its headwaters south of Hamilton Ontario to empty into the The Erie Canal is a popular canal in New York state from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, approximately 360 miles connecting the Great Lakes The Welland Canal is a Ship canal that runs 42  km (270  Miles from Port Colborne Ontario on Lake Erie to Port After leaving Lockport, New York, the Erie Canal proceeds southwest until it enters Tonawanda Creek. Lockport is a City in Niagara County, New York, United States. Tonawanda Creek is a small River in Western New York, in the United States. After entering the Niagara River, watercraft then proceed southward to the final lock, where a short section of the canal allows boats to avoid the turbulent shoal water at the river intake and enter Lake Erie.

The Welland Canals used the Welland River as a connection to the Niagara River south of the falls, allowing water traffic to safely re-enter the Niagara River and proceed to Lake Erie. The Welland River is a river in the Niagara Region of southern Ontario which flows from its headwaters south of Hamilton Ontario to empty into the

History

Several battles occurred along the Niagara River, which was historically defended by Fort George (Canadian side) and Fort Niagara (American side) at the mouth of the river and Fort Erie (Canadian side) at the head of the river. Fort Niagara is a fortification originally built to protect the interests of New France in North America. Fort Erie National Historic Site was the first British fort to be constructed as part of a network developed after the Seven Years' War (or in the United States These forts were important during the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War. The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Battle of Queenston Heights took place near the river in the War of 1812. The Battle of Queenston Heights was a British victory during the War of 1812 which took place on October 13, 1812, near Queenston The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies

The river was an important route to liberation before the American Civil War, when many African-Americans escaping slavery on the Underground Railroad crossed it to find freedom in Canada. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States

On the Canadian side of the river the Niagara Parks Commission maintains all of the shoreline property, except the sites of Fort George and Fort Erie, as a public greenspace and environmental heritage. The Niagara Parks Commission, or Niagara Parks for short is an agency of government of Ontario which maintains the Ontario shoreline of the Niagara River Fort Erie National Historic Site was the first British fort to be constructed as part of a network developed after the Seven Years' War (or in the United States

Today, the river is the namesake of Niagara Herald Extraordinary at the Canadian Heraldic Authority. Niagara Herald of Arms Extraordinary ( Héraut Niagara extraordinaire in French) is the title of one of the officers of arms at the Canadian Heraldic The Canadian Heraldic Authority (Autorité héraldique du Canada is part of the Canadian honours system under the Governor General of Canada.

Cities and settlements

Population centers along the Niagara River include:

Pollution

The Niagara River is listed as a Great Lakes Areas of Concern in the The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. Fort Erie (2006 population 29925 is a Town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Lewiston is a village in Niagara County, New York, United States. Grand Island is a Town and an Island in Erie County, New York, USA. Niagara Falls is a City in Niagara County, New York, United States. Niagara Falls is a Canadian City of 82184 residents Geography and Climate Niagara Falls Ontario For uses of the name "tonawanda" see Tonawanda New York. Porter is a Town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 6920 at the 2000 census The Village of Queenston is located 5 km north of Niagara Falls Ontario in the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake. The name Tonawanda refers to several locations in Western New York. The name Tonawanda refers to several locations in Western New York. Wheatfield is a Town in Niagara County, New York, United States. Youngstown is a Village in Niagara County, New York, USA. The population was 1957 at the 2000 census Great Lakes Areas of Concern are designated geographic areas within the Great Lakes Basin that show severe environmental degradation

Crossings

Main article: List of crossings of the Niagara River

The Niagara River has a long history of both road and rail bridges spanning the river, both upstream and downstream of the Falls. This is a list of Bridges over the Niagara River in order from Lake Erie downstream to Lake Ontario. This history includes numerous bridges that have fallen victim to the harsh conditions of the Niagara Gorge, such as landslides and icepacks. The Niagara Falls are massive Waterfalls on the Niagara River, straddling the international border separating the Canadian province of Ontario

Parks

Falls

Waterways

Islands

Several islands are located on the upper river before the falls:

Notes

  1. ^ a b Facts & Figures - Niagara Parks, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada (online). Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Navy Island is a small island in the Niagara River in the province of Ontario, Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Grand Island is a Town and an Island in Erie County, New York, USA. The Seneca are a group of indigenous people native to North America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Andrew H Green ( February 5, 1830 - 1918 was one of the founders of Theta Delta Chi fraternity at Union College in Schenectady NY The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Goat Island is a small uninhabited Island in the Niagara River, located in the middle of Niagara Falls between the Bridal Veil Falls and John Gabriel Stedman ( 1744 - 7 March 1797) was a distinguished British-Dutch Soldier and noted Author. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Tower Island ( is a Sub-antarctic island 8 km (5 mi long and 305 m high lying 32 km (20 mi northeast of Trinity Island and marking the northeast extent of The United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34600 Civilian and 650 Military personnel The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Niagara River flows to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Teraina, also known as Washington Island (both names are constitutional is a coral Atoll in the central Pacific Ocean, part of the Northern Line Islands The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Robert Moses State Parkway is an long north-south Parkway in western Niagara County New York, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Robert Moses State Parkway is an long north-south Parkway in western Niagara County New York, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Retrieved on 2007-05-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  2. ^ Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2003, Volume 3: Western New York, USGS
  3. ^ NASA Visible Earth, Niagara Falls
  4. ^ Stewart, George R. (1967) Names on the Land. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. George Rippey Stewart ( May 31, 1895 – August 22, 1980) was an American Toponymist, a novelist and a professor of English Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company; pg. 83.
  5. ^ Mobot.org

References

Further reading

See also

External links

Dictionary

Niagara River

-proper noun

  1. A river in North America flowing to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario and including the Niagara Falls.
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