The news media refers to the section of the mass media that focuses on presenting current news to the public. Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people Professional journalism is a form of news reporting which developed in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century along with formal schools of journalism News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth Reportage sometimes refers to the total body of media coverage of a particular topic or event including news reporting and analysis " the extensive reportage of recent News style (also journalistic style or news writing) is the particular Prose style used for News reporting (ie Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of Ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by professional Journalists Historically Objectivity is a significant principle of Journalistic professionalism. News values, sometimes called "news criteria" determine how much prominence a news story is given by a media outlet and the attention it is given by the audience In Journalism, a source is a person publication or other record or document that gives information Editorial independence is the freedom of editors to make decisions without interference from the owners of a publication A journalism school is a School or department usually part of an established University, where Journalists are trained List of Journalism topics This page aims to list all topics related to the field of Journalism. Arts journalism is a branch of Journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of the arts Business journalism is the branch of journalism that tracks records analyses and interprets the economic changes that take place in a society Entertainment journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of Journalism that focus on the Entertainment business and its products Environmental journalism is the collection verification production distribution and exhibition of information regarding current events trends issues and people that are associated Fashion journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all aspects of published Fashion media Political journalism is a broad branch of Journalism that includes coverage of all aspects of Politics and Political science, although the term usually Science journalism is a relatively new branch of Journalism, which uses the art of Reporting to convey information about Science topics to a public forum Sports journalism is a form of Journalism that reports on Sports topics and events While the sports department within some Newspapers has been Tech journalism is a relatively new branch of Journalism, which uses the art of Reporting to convey information about Tech topics to a public forum Trade journalism reports on the movements and developments of the Business world by way of articles or analysis A traffic report is an element of a Radio program or TV news broadcast that informs listeners about general traffic conditions Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location Advocacy journalism is a Genre of Journalism that intentionally and transparently adopts a non-objective viewpoint usually for some social Citizen journalism, also known as public or participatory journalism or democratic journalism, is the act of citizens "playing an active role in the The civic journalism movement (also known as public journalism is according to professor David K Community journalism is locally oriented coverage that typically focuses on city neighborhoods or individual suburbs rather than metropolitan state national or world news "Gonzo" redirects here For other uses see Gonzo (disambiguation Gonzo journalism is a style of Journalism which is written Investigative journalism is a type of reporting in which reporters deeply investigate a topic of interest often involving crime Political corruption, or some other Scandal Docufiction (often understood as Docudrama) is a Neologism which refers to a cinematographic work in a Genre mixing Fiction and Narrative journalism is the interpretation of a story and the way in which the journalist portrays it be it fictional or non-fictional New Journalism was a style of 1960s and 1970s News writing and Journalism which used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time Opinion journalism is Journalism that makes no claim of objectivity. Visual journalism is the practice of strategically combining words and images to convey information Watchdog journalism refers to forms of Activist journalism aimed at holding accountable public personalities and institutions whose functions impact social and political life The term Fourth Estate refers to the press, both in its explicit capacity of advocacy and in its implicit ability to frame political issues Fifth Estate is any class or group in society other than the Clergy ( First Estate) the Nobility ( Second Estate) the Commoners ( Freedom Constitutional or statutory protections pertaining to freedom of the press Infotainment (a Portmanteau of information and entertainment refers to a general type of media broadcast program which provides a combination of current Media bias in the United States News propaganda is Covert Propaganda packaged as credible News without transparency as to source and motivation Public relations (PR is the practice of managing the flow of Information between an Organization and its Publics Public relations - often referred Yellow journalism is Journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally News agency (alternative A news agency is an organization of Journalists established to supply News reports to organizations in the News trade Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are "broadcast" that is published by electrical methods instead of the older methods such as printed newspapers Online journalism is defined as the Reporting of facts produced and distributed via the Internet. Photojournalism is a particular form of Journalism (the collecting editing and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast that creates images in order to tell Alternative media are media (newspapers radio television movies Internet etc A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends A reporter is a type of Journalist who Researches and presents information in certain types of Mass media. Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media A columnist is a Journalist who writes material on a regular basis for publication in a series A photographer is a person who takes a Photograph using a Camera. Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth These include print media (newspapers, magazines); broadcast media (radio stations, television stations, television networks), and increasingly Internet-based media (World Wide Web pages, weblogs). Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit This article is about radio broadcasting for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and Video to Television receivers in a particular area A television network is a distribution network for Television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many Television stations The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of
The term news trade refers to the concept of the news media as a business separate from, but integrally connected to, the profession of journalism. The term profession is applied to those persons who have specialized and technical skill or knowledge which they apply for a fee to certain tasks that ordinary and unqualified people cannot
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Etymology
A medium (plural media) is a carrier of something. In Communication, media (Singular Medium) are the storage and transmission tools used to store and deliver Information Common things carried by media include information, art, or physical objects. Information as a concept has a diversity of meanings from everyday usage to technical settings A medium may provide transmission or storage of information or both.
The industries which produce news and entertainment content for the mass media are often called "the media" (in much the same way the newspaper industry is called "the press"). "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth In the late 20th century it became commonplace for this usage to be construed as singular ("The media is. . . ") rather than as the traditional plural.
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video signals (programs) to a number of recipients ("listeners" or "viewers") that belong to a large group. Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images In Telecommunication, signalling (UK spelling or signaling (US spelling has the following meanings The use of signals for controlling communications This group may be the public in general, or a relatively large audience within the public. Thus, an Internet channel may distribute text or music world-wide, while a public address system in (for example) a workplace may broadcast very limited ad hoc soundbites to a small population within its range. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks A public address or " PA " system is an electronic amplification system with a mixer, Amplifier and Loudspeakers used to A sound bite is an audiolinguistic and social communications phenomenon whose nature was recognized in the late 20th century helped by people such as Marshall McLuhan.
The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. Broadcast programming, or scheduling, is the practice of organizing Television or Radio programs in a daily weekly or season-long schedule
Television and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or cable, often both simultaneously. By coding signals and having decoding equipment in homes, the latter also enables subscription-based channels and pay-per-view services. Decoding is the reverse of Encoding, which is the process of transforming information from one format into another The subscription business model is a Business model where a customer must pay a subscription price to have access to the product/service Pay-per-view (often abbreviated PPV) is the system in which Television viewers can purchase events to be seen on TV and pay for the private telecast of that event
A broadcasting organization may broadcast several programs at the same time, through several channels (frequencies), for example BBC One and Two. An organization (or organisation &mdash see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals which controls its own performance and Frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit Time. On the other hand, two or more organizations may share a channel and each use it during a fixed part of the day. Digital radio and digital television may also transmit multiplexed programming, with several channels compressed into one ensemble. Digital radio describes Radio technologies which carry Information as a Digital signal, by means of a Digital modulation method Digital television (DTV is the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by discrete ( digital) signals in contrast to the analog signals used by For multiplexing in electronics and signal processing see Multiplexer. DAB ensembles are groups of Digital audio broadcasting broadcasters transmitting multiple Digital radio channels on a single radio
When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term webcasting is often used. A webcast is a media file distributed over the Internet using Streaming media technology
Broadcasting forms a very large segment of the mass media. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press"
Broadcasting to a very narrow range of audience is called narrowcasting. A narrowcast is the transmission of data to a specific list of recipients
Newsmagazines
A newsmagazine, sometimes called news magazine, is a usually weekly magazine featuring articles on current events. A newsmagazine, also spelled news magazine, is usually a weekly Magazine featuring articles or segments on current events News magazines generally go a little more in-depth into stories than newspapers, trying to give the reader an understanding of the context surrounding important events, rather than just the facts.
Major news magazines include:
- Atlantic (United States)
- The Bulletin (Australia)
- Der Spiegel (Germany)
- Economist (United Kingdom)
- Foreign Affairs (United States)
- Foreign Policy (United States)
- Frontline (India)
- Harper's Magazine (United States)
- India Today (India)
- La Repubblica (Italy)
- Le Nouvel Observateur (France)
- Maclean's Magazine (Canada)
- Monocle (United Kingdom)
- The Nation (United States)
- National Geographic (United States)
- New African (Africa)
- The New Yorker (United States)
- Newsweek (United States/United Kingdom)
- Outlook (India)
- TIME (United States)
- U.S. News & World Report (United States)
- Veja (Brazil)
- The Week (United Kingdom/United States)
- WORLD (United States)
Newspapers
A newspaper is a lightweight and disposable publication (more specifically, a periodical), usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. To publish is to make content Publicly known. The term is most frequently applied to the distribution of text or images on paper or to the placing of content Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Newsprint is low-cost non-archival Paper most commonly used to print Newspapers plus other publications and advertising material It may be general or special interest, and may be published daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly, or quarterly.
General-interest newspapers are usually journals of current news on a variety of topics. A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily has several related meanings a daily record of events or business a private News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth Those can include political events, crime, business, sports, and opinions (either editorials, columns, or political cartoons). Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to Sports journalism is a form of Journalism that reports on Sports topics and events While the sports department within some Newspapers has been An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor A columnist is a Journalist who writes material on a regular basis for publication in a series An editorial cartoon, also known as a political cartoon, is an illustration or Comic strip containing a political or Social message that usually Many also include weather news and forecasts. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location Newspapers increasingly use photographs to illustrate stories; they also often include comic strips and other entertainment, such as crosswords. A comic strip is a sequence of drawings that tells a story Currently in the Western world, most comic strips are written and drawn by a Comics artist
Newsreels
A newsreel is a documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed news stories. A newsreel is a Documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed News stories Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth
Created by Pathé Frères of France in 1908, this form of film was a staple of the typical North American, British, and Commonwealth countries (especially Canada, Australia and New Zealand), and throughout European cinema programming schedule from the silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role. This article deals with the Pathé movie company For their music business see Pathé Records. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Pathé would eventually merge with RKO. . .
An example of a newsreel story is in the film Citizen Kane (which was prepared by RKO's actual newsreel staff), which includes a fictional newsreel that summarizes the life of the title character. Citizen Kane ( 1941) is an American Dramatic film, and the first Feature film directed by Orson Welles, who also co-authored The title role in the Performing arts is the performance Part that gives the title to the piece as in Aida, Giselle,
Online journalism
Online journalism is reporting and other journalism produced or distributed via the Internet. In writing a report is a document characterized by information or other content reflective of inquiry or investigation which is tailored to the context of a given situation and audience Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks
An early leader was The News & Observer in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. The News & Observer is the regional daily newspaper of the Research Triangle area of the U Raleigh (pronounced rah-lee) is the Capital of the State of North Carolina and the county seat of Wake County, USA
Many news organizations based in other media also distribute news online. How much they take advantage of the medium varies. Some news organizations, such as the Gongwer News Service, use the Web only or primarily. The Gongwer News Service is a weekday (Monday-Friday subscriber-only Newsletter published in Lansing Michigan and Columbus Ohio.
The Internet challenges traditional news organizations in several ways. They may be losing classified ads to Web sites, which are often targeted by interest instead of geography. Classified advertising is a form of Advertising which is particularly common in Newspapers, online and other Periodicals, e The advertising on news Web sites is sometimes insufficient to support the investment. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand
Even before the Internet, technology and perhaps other factors were dividing people's attention, leading to more but narrower media outlets.
Online journalism also leads to the spread of independent online media such as openDemocracy and the UK, Wikinews as well as allowing smaller news organizations to publish to a broad audience, such as mediastrike. openDemocracy is a Website for debate about international politics and culture Wikinews is a free-content News source Wiki and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. Mediastrike is an independent media activist organization based in Adelaide Australia.
News coverage
By covering news, politics, weather, sports, entertainment, and vital events, the daily media shape the dominant cultural, social and political picture of society. Beyond the media networks, independent news sources have evolved to report on events which escape attention or underlie the major stories. In recent years, the blogosphere has taken reporting a step further, mining down to the experiences and perceptions of individual citizens. Blogosphere is a collective term encompassing all Blogs and their interconnections
An exponentially growing phenomenon, the blogosphere can be abuzz with news that is overlooked by the press and TV networks. Apropos of this was Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s 11,000-word Rolling Stone article apropos of the 2004 United States presidential election, published June 1, 2006. Robert Francis Kennedy Jr (born January 17, 1954 in Washington D Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. By June 8, there had been no mainstream coverage of the documented allegations by President John F. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Kennedy's nephew. On June 9, this sub-story was covered by a Seattle Post-Intelligencer article. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. [1]
See also
Media democracy is a production and distribution model which promotes a Mass media system that informs and empowers all members of society and enhances democratic values Mass media are the means through which information is transmitted to a large audience Media bias in the United StatesDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic