Countries considered NICs as of 2007. From left: Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, Turkey, India, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines

The category of newly industrialized country (NIC) is a socioeconomic classification applied to several countries around the world by political scientists and economists. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Categorization is the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. This is a list of notable political scientists See the List of political theorists for those who study politics without using the Scientific method. An economist is an expert in the Social science of Economics.

NICs are countries whose economies have not yet reached first world status but have, in a macroeconomic sense, outpaced their developing counterparts. The term " first world " refers to countries that are capitalist, which are technologically advanced and whose Another characterization of NICs is that of nations undergoing rapid economic growth (usually export-oriented). Incipient or ongoing industrialization is an important indicator of a NIC. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one In many NICs, social upheaval can occur as primarily rural, agricultural populations migrate to the cities, where the growth of manufacturing concerns and factories can draw many thousands of laborers. A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods

NICs usually share some other common features, including:

• Increased social freedoms and civil rights.
• Strong Political Leaders
• A switch from agricultural to industrial economies, especially in the manufacturing sector.
• An increasingly open-market economy, allowing free trade with other nations in the world. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce.
• Large national corporations operating in several continents.
• Strong capital investment from foreign countries.
• Political leadership in their area of influence.

NICs often receive support from international organizations such as the WTO and other internal support bodies. International Organization is a peer-reviewed Academic journal that covers the entire field of International affairs. However, as environmental, labor and social standards tend to be significantly weaker in NICs, many fair trade supporters have advocated standards for importing their products and criticized the outsourcing of jobs to NICs. Fair trade is an organized Social movement and market-based approach to empowering developing country producers and promoting sustainability

Historical context

The term began to be used in the 1970s when the "East Asian Tigers"^[1] of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and the Republic of China (Taiwan) rose to global prominence with rapid industrial growth since the 1960s, all now having evolved beyond this status. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The term Four Asian Tigers or East Asian Tigers refers to the Economies of South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Singapore REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 There is a distinction between these countries and the nations now considered to be NICs. In particular, the combination of an open political process, high per capita GDP income and a thriving, export-oriented economic policy has shown that these countries have now reached the ranks of developed countries. The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed Economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors All of them possess a Human Development Index over 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 9, equal to the average of EU countries. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Finally, South Korea joined the OECD in 1996.

Current NIC countries

The following table presents the list of countries consistently considered NICs in each continent by different authors and experts. ^[2][3][4][5] Turkey and South Africa are classified as developed countries by the CIA^[6] and Turkey is a founding member of the OECD since 1961. The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed Economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all Mexico joined the OECD in 1994 and is also a member of the G8+5, along with China, India, Brazil and South Africa. February 2007 Declaration Post-Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissionsOn February 16, 2007, at meeting of the G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue The list also includes G20 industrial nations members such as Brazil, China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey. The G20 ( Group of 20) is a group consisting of 19 of the world's largest economies together with the European Union.

Continent	Country	GDP (PPP) (Millions of USD, 2007 IMF)[7]	GDP per capita (USD, 2007 IMF)[8]	GDP per capita (PPP) (USD, 2007 IMF)[9]	Income equality (GINI) 2006[10]	Human Development Index (HDI, 2007)[11]	List of countries by GDP (real) growth rate	List of countries by GDP (real) growth rate per capita
Africa	South Africa [3][4][5]	467,089	5,906	9,761	57. The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 The list of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (real growth rate shows the increase in value of all final goods and services produced This is a list of countries by GDP (real per capita growth rate, i The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa 8	0. 674 (medium)	4. 50	4. 92
North America	Mexico [2][3][4][5]	1,346,009	8,478	12,774	47. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. 3	0. 829 (high)	3. 00	3. 30
South America	Brazil [2][3][4][5]	1,835,642	6,937	9,695	54	0. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld 800 (high)	5. 40	2. 04
Asia	China [3][4][5]	6,991,036	2,460	5,292	44. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES 7	0. 777 (medium)	11. 10	9. 95
	India [3][4][5]	2,988,867	977	2,659	32. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country 5	0. 619 (medium)	9. 70	7. 02
	Malaysia [3][4][5]	357,391	6,947	13,315	49. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and 2	0. 811 (high)	5. 40	3. 65
	Philippines [2][3][4][5]	299,626	1,624	3,377	44. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP 5	0. 771 (medium)	7. 50	7. 40
	Thailand [2][3][4][5]	519,362	3,736	7,900	42	0. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj 781 (medium)	4. 40	3. 93
Europe	Turkey [3][4][5]	887,964	9,629	12,888	38	0. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches 775 (medium)	5. 20	4. 10

According to Goldman Sachs BRIMC review of emerging economies, by 2050 the largest economies in the world will be as follows: China, USA, India, Japan, Brazil, and Mexico. The Goldman Sachs Group Inc, or simply Goldman Sachs ( is a large global Bank holding company that engages in Investment banking securities BRIMC is a relatively new term used to refer to the combination of Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, and the People's Republic of China China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The United States of America —commonly referred to as the India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. ^[12] For China and India, the immense population of these two nations (each with over one billion people as of November 2006) means that per capita income will remain low even if either economy surpasses that of the United States of America in overall GDP. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The United States of America —commonly referred to as the When GDP per capita is calculated according to Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), this takes into account the lower costs of living in each newly industrialized country. The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living.

Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa meet annually with the G8 countries to discuss financial topics and climate change, due to their economic importance in today's global market and environmental impact, in a group known as G8+5. February 2007 Declaration Post-Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissionsOn February 16, 2007, at meeting of the G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue ^[13]

Other NIC countries

Each author set a list of countries accordingly to the methods or type of economic analysis. This sometimes results in a country being mentioned as NIC in a particular work, but that is rarely considered as such by the other authors. This is the case of nations such as Egypt, Pakistan, Indonesia, Russia and Jordan. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern ^[2]

Brief economic analysis

NICs usually benefit from comparatively low labor costs, which translates into lower input prices for suppliers. This shifts the labor supply curve downwards, resulting in a lower equilibrium wage and a reduced number of labor-hours per worker. As a result, it is often easier for producers in NICs to outperform and outproduce factories in developed countries, where the cost of living is higher, and labor unions and other organizations have more political sway. The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed Economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming

This comparative advantage is often criticized by advocates of the fair trade movement. Fair trade is an organized Social movement and market-based approach to empowering developing country producers and promoting sustainability

Issues

Economic freedom is not always associated with political freedom in nations such as the People's Republic of China, where Internet censorship, the suppression of religion (in particular new foreign religions, such as Evangelism), and other abuses of civil rights are common. Economic freedom is freedom to produce trade and consume any goods and services acquired without the use of force fraud or theft Censorship in the People's Republic of China is the limiting or suppressing of the publishing dissemination and viewing of certain information in the People's Republic of China Since the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the human rights issue of China has come to the forefront The case is diametrically opposite in the case of the other Asian giant, India, which has been a liberal democracy throughout its post-colonial history. Other NICs vary between these two opposing examples. The Chinese government has responded to these accusations by arguing that China's increasing standard of living has provided a utilitarian social benefit that outweighs the detrimental effect of individual violations.

India faces different types of issues compared to China. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country While China's economy has greatly benefited due to foreign investment by wealthy neighbors such as South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, six of the nine nations neighboring India are classified as Least Developed Countries. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Least Developed Countries ( LDCs or Fourth World countries are Countries which according to the United Nations exhibit the lowest South Africa faces an influx of immigrants from countries such as Zimbabwe. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election

References

See also

• Emerging markets
• G8+5
• G20 industrial nations
• G20 developing nations
• BRIMC
• BRIC
• Next Eleven
• Science in newly industrialized countries