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|---|---|
 | |
| Franchise(s): | Network SouthEast 1986 – 1996 |
| Main region(s): | London |
| Other region(s): | South East |
| Fleet size: | Carriages:6700 (1986) |
| Stations called at: | 930 (1986) |
| Parent company: | British Rail |
Network SouthEast (NSE) was a sector of British Rail that principally operated commuter trains in the London area and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England. The history of British Rail 's corporate liveries is quite complex Farnborough North railway station is a railway station in the town of Farnborough in Hampshire, England. See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" Commuting is the process of Travelling between one's place of residence and regular place of work London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England.
In the privatisation of British Rail on 1 April 1994 it was broken into a number of franchises. The Privatisation of British Rail was the result of the Railways Act 1993 introduced by John Major 's Conservative government Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Franchising refers to the methods of practicing and using another person's Philosophy of business.
Contents |
History
Before the sectorisation of BR in 1982 the system was split into regions: those operating around London were London Midland Region (Marylebone, Euston, St Pancras and Broad Street), Southern Region (Waterloo, Victoria, Charing Cross, Holborn Viaduct, Cannon Street and London Bridge), Western Region (Paddington) and Eastern Region (King's Cross, Moorgate, Broad Street, Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street). Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) For the modern day train operating company see London Midland The London Midland Region (LMR was one of the six regions created on the formation of the nationalised See also Southern (subnational entity to see other types See also Western (subnational entity to see other types West Region disambiguation page This was perceived to be a source of inefficiency, so sectorisation reorganised everything into a single organisation covering commuter services. At the same time InterCity took over express services and Regional Railways took over regional services. InterCity (or in the earliest days the hyphenated Inter-City was introduced by British Rail in 1966 as a brand-name for its long-haul express passenger services Regional Railways was one of the three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982 that existed until 1996, two years after privatisation
Upon sectorisation, the London & South Eastern sector took over passenger services in the South-East of England. See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" [1]
In 1986, under new chairman Chris Green, L&SE was relaunched as Network SouthEast, along with the famous red, white and blue livery. [1]
On privatisation, NSE was split into various franchises and the Waterloo & City Line sold to London Underground for a nominal sum of one pound. Franchising refers to the methods of practicing and using another person's Philosophy of business. The Waterloo & City line is a short underground Railway line in London, which formally opened on 11 July 1898 The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire
The last passenger train still in NSE livery was lost on the September 15th 2007, when a Class 465, 465193, the last still in NSE colours, was sent to Stewarts Lane TMD by Southeastern for revinyling into Southeastern livery. [2] However, there is still a departmental bubble car, used for route learning, in original NSE livery operating on the Chiltern Lines.
Network Railcard
Although NSE no longer exists, the grouping of services that it defined before privatisation remain grouped by the Network Railcard,[3] which can be bought for £20 and which offers a 34% discount for adults and 60% discount for accompanying children after 10:00 on weekdays and all day at weekends. The Network Railcard is a discount card introduced in 1986 by British Rail, upon the creation of their Network SouthEast area around London, England
Subdivisions
NSE was broken down into various sub-divisions.
| Subdivision | Main Route(s) | Route Description |
|---|---|---|
| Chiltern | Chiltern Main Line | London Marylebone-Aylesbury/Banbury |
| Great Eastern | Great Eastern Main Line | London Liverpool Street-Ipswich/Harwich/Clacton/Southend Victoria |
| Great Northern | East Coast Main Line, London King's Cross to Cambridge Line | London King's Cross-Peterborough/Cambridge (and subsequently London King's Cross-Cambridge-King's Lynn) |
| Island Line | Island Line | Ryde-Shanklin |
| Kent Link | North Kent Line, Bexleyheath Line, Dartford Loop Line, Mid-Kent Line, Catford Loop Line, Hayes Line | London Victoria/Charing Cross-Dartford/Gravesend/Gillingham/Orpington/Sevenoaks/Hayes |
| Kent Coast | Chatham Main Line, Hastings Line, Sheerness Line | London Victoria/Charing Cross-Margate/Dover/Folkestone/Ashford/Tunbridge Wells/Hastings (and subsequently North Downs services as far as Redhill/Three Bridges) |
| London, Tilbury and Southend | LTS Line | London Fenchurch Street - Tilbury - Southend Central - Shoeburyness |
| North Downs | North Downs Line | Reading-Guildford-Gatwick Airport-Tonbridge |
| Northampton Line/North London Lines | West Coast Main Line, Marston Vale Line, North London Line | London Euston/Broad Street-Watford-Milton Keynes-Northampton-Birmingham, Bedford-Bletchley |
| Solent and Wessex | Portsmouth Direct Line, South Western Main Line | London Waterloo-Guildford-Portsmouth, London Waterloo-Basingstoke-Southampton-Bournemouth-Weymouth |
| South London Line | South London Lines, Oxted Line, Sutton & Mole Valley Lines | London Victoria & London Bridge to Croydon London Victoria-East Grinstead/Uckfield/Sutton/Epsom Downs/Dorking/Horsham |
| South Western Line | Alton Line, Waterloo-Reading Line | London Waterloo-Alton/Reading/Windsor/Guildford |
| Sussex Coast | Brighton Main Line, Arun Valley Line, East Coastway Line, West Coastway Line | London Victoria/London Bridge-Gatwick Airport-Brighton/Eastbourne/Littlehampton, Brighton-Hastings, Brighton-Portsmouth-Southampton |
| Thames | Great Western Main Line, Cotswold Line | London Paddington-Slough-Reading-Oxford-Worcester/Stratford |
| Thameslink | Thameslink | Bedford-Luton-London-Gatwick Airport-Brighton |
| Waterloo & City | Waterloo & City Line | Waterloo-Bank |
| West Anglia | Fen Line, Lea Valley Line | London Liverpool Street-Harlow-Cambridge-King's Lynn (express services to Cambridge, and almost all services to King's Lynn, were subsequently transferred to the Great Northern route from London King's Cross); London Liverpool Street-Stansted Airport |
| West of England | West of England Main Line | London Waterloo-Basingstoke-Salisbury-Exeter |
Modernisation
Soon after conception, Network SouthEast started to modernise parts of the network, which were run down after years of under investment. The Chiltern Main Line is an intercity regional and commuter main line Railway in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system. The Great Eastern Main Line ( "GE") is a major railway line of the British railway system, which connects Liverpool Street station in the The East Coast Main Line ( ECML) is the electrified high-speed railway link between London and Edinburgh connecting Yorkshire, North East The Hitchin-Cambridge Line links Hitchin in Hertfordshire with Cambridge and forms part of the route between London King's Cross and East This article is about the railway on the Isle of Wight For other uses see Island Line. The North Kent Line is a railway line which connects central and south east London with Dartford and Medway. The Bexleyheath Line is last of the three rail routes created between the outskirts of London and Dartford in Kent. The Dartford Loop Line is one of three lines linking London with Dartford in Kent, England. The Mid-Kent Line is the successor to railways built by the Mid Kent Railway between 1857 and 1882 Description of the route Services commence at either Charing Cross via Waterloo East, or Cannon Street. The Chatham Main Line is the British railway line that runs from London Victoria to Dover Priory or Ramsgate via the Medway Towns The Hastings Line is a railway line in Kent and East Sussex linking Hastings with the main town of Tunbridge Wells, and from there into The North Downs Line is the name of the passenger train service connecting Reading, on the Great Western Main Line, to Gatwick Airport, on the Brighton The West Coast Main Line (WCML is a busy mixed-traffic railway route in the United Kingdom. The Marston Vale Line (Network Rail route MD 140 is the railway line from Bletchley to Bedford in England. The North London Line is a railway line in roughly a circular arc which ran through the inner suburbs of north London, England from Richmond The Portsmouth Direct Line is a Railway service operated by South West Trains which runs between London Waterloo and Portsmouth Harbour, The South Western Main Line is a Railway line from London Waterloo to Weymouth on the Dorset coast in the south of England. History Construction It owes its existence to the South London Railway Act 1862 which allowed the London Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR The Oxted Line is a Railway line in southern England It was originally operated jointly by the London Brighton and South Coast Railway and the South Eastern The Sutton & Mole Valley Lines are a group of railway lines constructed between 1847 and 1868 by the London Brighton and South Coast Railway, the London History 28 July 1852 first railway to Alton from Farnham 2 October 1865 Alton Aldershot & Winchester Railway The Waterloo to Reading Line is a suburban Railway line in England operated by South West Trains (SWT. The Brighton Main Line is a major British railway line running from London Victoria and London Bridge to Brighton. The Arun Valley Line is part of the Southern -operated Railway services East Coastway is the name used by the train operating company, Southern (formerly South Central Trains) for the routes it operates along the south coast West Coastway Line is the name of a railway line in England, along the south coast of West Sussex and Hampshire, to the west of Brighton The Great Western Main Line is a main line Railway in England that runs westwards from London Paddington station to Temple Meads Route Towns and villages served by stations on the line are listed below from east to west Thameslink is a fifty-station line in the British railway system running north to south from Bedford to Brighton through the Snow Hill tunnel The Waterloo & City line is a short underground Railway line in London, which formally opened on 11 July 1898 The Fen Line (sometimes Fenline without the space runs from Cambridge in Cambridgeshire to King's Lynn, Norfolk. The Lea Valley Lines are three commuter lines and two branches in North East London, so named because they run along the valley of the River Lee (or Lea The West of England Main Line is a British railway line running from London Waterloo to Exeter St Davids. The most extreme example was the Chiltern Lines.
Chiltern Lines
The Chiltern Line ran on two railway lines (Chiltern Main Line and London to Aylesbury Line) from London Marylebone to Aylesbury and Banbury. The Chiltern Main Line is an intercity regional and commuter main line Railway in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system. The London to Aylesbury Line is the main Railway line between London ( Marylebone) and Aylesbury, going via the Chiltern Hills; it Marylebone station or London Marylebone station is a National Rail and London Underground station in central London, England. Aylesbury railway station is the only Railway station in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England. Banbury railway station serves the town of Banbury in Oxfordshire, England. These lines were former GWR and GCR intercity lines to Wolverhampton and Nottingham respectively. The Great Western Railway ( GWR) was a British railway company and a notable example of Civil engineering, linking London with the West The Great Central Railway ( GCR) was a railway company in England which came into being when the Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway changed Nottingham Victoria railway station was a Great Central Railway and Great Northern Railway railway station in Nottingham, England. After the Beeching Axe in the 1960s, these lines became seriously run down with a lack of investment and a reduction of services. The Beeching Axe is an informal name for the British Government 's attempt in the 1960s to reduce the cost of running British Railways, the nationalised railway system
By the late 1980s, the 25 year old Class 115s, which had no indoor lighting, needed replacement; the lines had low speed limits and were still controlled by semaphore signalling from the early 1900s; stations were empty and needed more than a lick of paint; and Marylebone only served infrequent local trains from High Wycombe and Aylesbury. These 41 high density sets operated the outer-suburban services from Marylebone usually to destinations such as High Wycombe, Aylesbury and Banbury See also High Wycombe Western Australia High Wycombe (hai ˈwɪk The lines were the best place to reminisce about the glory days of steam as there were frequent steam railtour services. A railtour is a nostalgic excursion using a preserved train, or sometimes a train hired from a railway operator It was more of a heritage railway than a commuter railway.
NSE realised that something needed to be done to these lines quick. Numerous plans for the lines were proposed. One serious plan was to close the line between Marylebone and South Ruislip/Harrow-on-the-Hill, meaning that Marylebone would close and be converted into a coach station. South Ruislip is a station served by London Underground and Chiltern Railways in Ruislip in west Greater London. Harrow-on-the-Hill station is a London Underground station served by National Rail and London Underground (LU trains Metropolitan Line trains would be extended to Aylesbury and BR services from Aylesbury will be routed to London Paddington via High Wycombe. The Metropolitan line is part of the London Underground, coloured Magenta on the Tube map. London Paddington station, also known as London Paddington, or just simply Paddington, is a major National Rail and London Underground station Also the line north of Princes Risborough would close. Princes Risborough station is a Railway station that serves the town of Princes Risborough in Buckinghamshire, England. However, this did not happen due to the fact that London Baker Street and Paddington would not be able to cope with the extra trains and passengers. Baker Street tube station is a station on the London Underground located at the junction of Baker Street and the Marylebone Road.
What did happen was Total Route Modernisation. This was an ambitious plan to bring the lines back into the modern era of rail travel. Class 115s were replaced by new state of the art Class 165s. The British Rail Class 165 "Network Turbo" Diesel multiple units (DMUs were built by BREL at York Works from 1990-92 Semaphore signals were replaced by standard electronic light signals and ATP was fitted on the line and trains. One of the earliest forms of fixed Railway signal is the semaphore. Automatic Train Protection (ATP in Great Britain refers to either of two implementations of a Train protection system installed in some Trains in order Speed limits were increased to 75mph (only 75 due to running on London Underground track between Harrow and Amersham), all remaining fast loops at stations were removed and the line between Bicester North and Aynho Junction was singled. The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire Amersham is a Market town and Civil parish within Chiltern district in Buckinghamshire, England, 27 miles north west of Bicester North is a station on the Chiltern Main Line, and is one of two stations serving Bicester. Stations were refurbished and even reconstructed (£10 million spent on stations alone), and signal boxes and the freight depots/sidings were demolished. Regular services to Banbury, and a few specials to Birmingham were introduced and a new maintenance depot was built at Aylesbury. This was a massive undertaking and work began in 1988 and by 1992, the route had been completely modernised, demand for the service had grown considerably and the route had become profitable.
Electrification was considered but was deemed to be too expensive as the Thames Line sector would then have to be electrified as well. Another reason electrification did not take place was that some part of the line ran on underground lines, which were electrified as 4-rail 660 v DC, while British Rail preferred 25 Kv AC overhead traction for lines north of London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Success of the modernisation implemented by NSE has made it possible for the Chiltern Main Line to compete with the West Coast Main Line and there are now plans to increase speeds and quadruple sections of the line [4], returning the line back to the state it was before the Beeching Axe. The West Coast Main Line (WCML is a busy mixed-traffic railway route in the United Kingdom.
New trains
Network South East started a programme of replacing old rolling stock up to Privatisation
- Chiltern - British Rail Class 165
- Great Eastern - British Rail Class 321
- Great Northern - British Rail Class 365
- Island Line - British Rail Class 483 (LU 1938 Stock) (Ex-Underground stock built from 1938; replaced older 1920s units)
- Kent Coast - British Rail Class 465, British Rail Class 466, British Rail Class 365
- North Downs - British Rail Class 165, British Rail Class 166
- Northampton Line - British Rail Class 321
- Solent and Wessex - British Rail Class 442
- South London Lines - British Rail Class 456
- Thames - British Rail Class 165, British Rail Class 166
- Thameslink British Rail Class 319
- Waterloo and City - British Rail Class 482 (LU 1992 Stock)
- West Anglia British Rail Class 317 and British Rail Class 322
- West of England British Rail Class 159
NOTE: The British Rail Class 168 were also planned by Network SouthEast for the Chiltern line for a planned service to Birmingham but privatisation intervened. The British Rail Class 165 "Network Turbo" Diesel multiple units (DMUs were built by BREL at York Works from 1990-92 The British Rail Class 321 Alternating current (AC Electric multiple units (EMU were built by BREL York in three batches from The British Rail Class 365 "Networker Express" are dual-voltage (25kV AC and 750V DC) Electric multiple units built by The British Rail Class 483 Electrical multiple units were originally built by Metro-Cammell as 1938 tube stock units for London Underground The British Rail Class 465 "Networker" Electric multiple units were built by Metropolitan Cammell and BREL between 1991 and The Class 466 750V DC Third rail Electric multiple unit (EMU is a suburban EMU which operates with Class 465 EMUs in southeast The British Rail Class 365 "Networker Express" are dual-voltage (25kV AC and 750V DC) Electric multiple units built by The British Rail Class 165 "Network Turbo" Diesel multiple units (DMUs were built by BREL at York Works from 1990-92 The British Rail Class 166 "Network Express Turbo" Diesel multiple units (also known as just "Thames Turbos") were built by The British Rail Class 321 Alternating current (AC Electric multiple units (EMU were built by BREL York in three batches from The British Rail Class 442 Wessex Electric (or 5WES) Electrical multiple units were introduced in 1988 on the South Western Main The British Rail Class 456 Electrical multiple units were built by BREL at York Works from 1990-91 The British Rail Class 165 "Network Turbo" Diesel multiple units (DMUs were built by BREL at York Works from 1990-92 The British Rail Class 166 "Network Express Turbo" Diesel multiple units (also known as just "Thames Turbos") were built by The British Rail Class 319 dual-voltage Electric multiple units (EMU were built by BREL York in two batches from 1987–88 and 1990 This article concerns the trains used on the Waterloo & City Line immediately prior to its takeover by London Underground in 1994 The British Rail Class 317 Electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works in two batches from 1981-82 and 1985-87 The British Rail Class 322 Electric multiple units were built by BREL in 1990 The British Rail Class 159, known as "South Western Turbo" by Network SouthEast (but in reality a member of the The Class 168 Clubman is a Diesel multiple-unit (DMU Train used by Chiltern Railways for InterCity services However, new private operators Chiltern Railways ordered 5 Class 168/0 units based on the NSE designs in 1996 for their service to Birmingham Snow Hill. Chiltern Railways is a train operating company in England. It was formed by the Privatisation of British Rail in 1996 and operates mainline passenger Birmingham Snow Hill is a railway station and tram stop in the centre of Birmingham, England on the site of a much larger station which was built by
Privatisation
After privatisation, NSE was divided up into several franchises:
| Original franchise | Route(s) | Currently |
|---|---|---|
| LTS Rail | London, Tilbury and Southend | rebranded c2c |
| Chiltern Railways (management) | Chiltern | unchanged |
| Great Eastern Railway | Great Eastern | rebranded as First Great Eastern, then merged into larger franchise operated by National Express East Anglia |
| Thames Trains | North Downs Thames section (Gatwick/Redhill - Dorking/Guildford/Reading) | merged into larger franchise operated by First Great Western |
| Island Line | Island Line | operated by Stagecoach South Western Trains, but is still called Island Line |
| North London Railways | Northampton Line North London Line | rebranded as Silverlink, later split up into two franchises operated by London Midland (Northampton) and London Overground (N. Management and branding c2c is a National Express Group company Chiltern Railways is a train operating company in England. It was formed by the Privatisation of British Rail in 1996 and operates mainline passenger First Great Eastern was an award winning Train operating company (TOC that operated suburban local and medium distance Train services from London Liverpool National Express East Anglia is a Train operating company and brand name of London Eastern Railway Ltd in the United Kingdom. Thames Trains was a British railway company franchised (from September 1996, following the Privatisation of British Rail, until 31 March First Great Western is the operating name of First Greater Western Ltd, a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup, which operates This article is about the railway on the Isle of Wight For other uses see Island Line. The North London Line is a railway line in roughly a circular arc which ran through the inner suburbs of north London, England from Richmond Silverlink Train Services Ltd was a Train operating company in the United Kingdom. London Midland is a Train operating company in the United Kingdom. London Overground (LO is a Commuter rail service in London UK. London) |
| South Eastern | Kent Coast, Kent Link, North Downs (Tonbridge- Redhill section) | rebranded by original franchisee Connex as Connex South Eastern, then passed to Southeastern |
| Network SouthCentral | South London Line Sussex Coast | rebranded by original franchisee Connex as Connex South Central, then passed to Southern |
| Thameslink | Thameslink | merged into larger franchise operated by First Capital Connect |
| WAGN | Great Northern West Anglia | split with GN merged into First Capital Connect and WA merged into National Express East Anglia |
| South West Trains | Solent & Wessex South Western Line West of England Line | operated by Stagecoach South Western Trains, but is still called South West Trains |
Gallery
 An NSE Class 317 at Harlow Town railway station in the mid 1990s |  An NSE train at Marden railway station |  NSE Class 47s 47711 and 47716 |  NSE Class 313 at South Hampstead railway station |
 Fading NSE livery |  A Waterloo & City Line train in Network SouthEast livery. Connex South Eastern was a train operating company in the United Kingdom. Southeastern is a train operating company in the United Kingdom. Network SouthCentral (abbreviated NSC) was a "shadow" franchise (an independent Train operating company) that existed from 4 February History Construction It owes its existence to the South London Railway Act 1862 which allowed the London Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR Connex South Central was a short-lived train operating company in the United Kingdom. Southern is a train operating company in England, running to south London, Surrey, and Sussex from Victoria and London Thameslink was a Train operating company in the United Kingdom, run by Govia (a joint venture between Go-Ahead Group and Keolis Thameslink is a fifty-station line in the British railway system running north to south from Bedford to Brighton through the Snow Hill tunnel First Capital Connect (FCC is a passenger train operating company in England that began operations on the National Rail network on 1 April 2006 WAGN was a franchise operator of commuter train services on the Great Northern route out of London King's Cross and Moorgate stations South West Trains ( SWT) is a train operating company operating in the United Kingdom, providing Train services to the south-west of London chiefly The British Rail Class 317 Electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works in two batches from 1981-82 and 1985-87 Harlow Town railway station serves the town of Harlow in Essex, England. Marden railway station serves Marden in Kent, England. The station and all trains serving it is operated by Southeastern. The British Rail Class 47 (Originally Brush Type 4) is a class of British railway Diesel locomotive that was developed in the 1960s by Brush Traction South Hampstead railway station is in Loudoun Road London NW8 in the London Borough of Camden. |  Network SouthEast logo on a Waterloo & City Line train. |  NSE livery on a Class 483 operating on the Island Line |
References
- ^ a b Thomas, David St John; Whitehouse, Patrick (1990). BR in the Eighties. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-9854-7.
- ^ Rail Magazine 575
- ^ Network Railcard. Retrieved on 2007-11-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000
- ^ Network Rail route plan for Chilterns Nov 2007.
External links
| Preceded by Western Region As part of British Rail | Operator of Thames franchise 1986 - 1996 | Succeeded by Thames Trains |
| Preceded by London Midland Region As part of British Rail | Operator of Chiltern franchise 1986 - 1996 | Succeeded by Chiltern Railways |
| Preceded by London Midland Region As part of British Rail | Operator of N. The Western Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" Thames Trains was a British railway company franchised (from September 1996, following the Privatisation of British Rail, until 31 March For the modern day train operating company see London Midland The London Midland Region (LMR was one of the six regions created on the formation of the nationalised See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" Chiltern Railways is a train operating company in England. It was formed by the Privatisation of British Rail in 1996 and operates mainline passenger For the modern day train operating company see London Midland The London Midland Region (LMR was one of the six regions created on the formation of the nationalised See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" London franchise 1986 - 1996 | Succeeded by Silverlink |
| Preceded by Southern Region As part of British Rail | Operator of South West franchise 1986 - 1996 | Succeeded by South West Trains |
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