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- This article is about a former Okinawan kingdom; for the Nagoya-based university, see Nanzan University. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital The Ryukyuan languages are spoken in the Ryukyu Islands, and make up a subfamily of the Japonic Language family. A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially Ryukyuan religion is the indigenous belief system of the Ryukyu Islands. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The Ryūkyū Kingdom ( Ryukyuan: ja 琉球國 rūchū－kuku, 琉球王国 ryūkyū-ō-koku) liúqiúguó) was an independent kingdom which The invasion of Ryukyu by forces of the Japanese feudal domain of Satsuma took place in 1609, and marked the beginning of the Ryūkyū Kingdom Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. is a private, Coeducational university located in Aichi, Japan.
Nanzan (南山), sometimes called Sannan (山南), was one of three kingdoms which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century. is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū Okinawa, previously controlled by a number of local chieftains or lords, loosely bound by a paramount chieftain or king of the entire island, split into these three more solidly defined kingdoms within a few years after 1314; the Sanzan period thus began, and would end roughly one hundred years later, when Chūzan's King Shō Hashi[1] conquered Hokuzan in 1419 and Nanzan in 1429. The is a period of history of the Ryūkyū Kingdom that lasted from 1322 until 1429 Chūzan (中山 was one of three kingdoms which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century. Shō Hashi (尚巴志 (1371 &ndash 1439 r 1422-1439 was the first king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom (today Okinawa Prefecture, Japan) uniting the three Hokuzan (北山 was one of three kingdoms which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century.
History
Nanzan first came into being in 1314 when Tamagusuku inherited the role of head chieftain of all of Okinawa from his father Eiji; he did not have the charisma or leadership qualities to command the loyalty of all the local lords, and so the Lord of Ozato, one of many powerful local chieftains, fled south from his home in Urasoe, with a number of lesser chieftains loyal to him, and established himself in Ozato gusuku near the town of Itoman. Tamagusuku (玉城(1296?-1336? was a "king" of the Okinawan kingdom of Chūzan from roughly 1314-1336 was a village located in Shimajiri district, Okinawa, Japan. On January 1 2006 Sashiki, Chinen, Tamagusuku, and Urasoe (浦添市 -shi Okinawan: 'Urashī) is a city located in Okinawa, Japan. Itoman (糸満市 -shi Okinawan: 'Ichuman) is a city located in Okinawa, Japan. Another powerful chieftain fled north and established the kingdom of Hokuzan, leaving Tamagusuku in control only of the central part of the island, which thus became the kingdom of Chūzan.
Nanzan, like the two kingdoms with which it shared the tiny island of Okinawa, consisted of a minuscule territory, and correspondingly limited resources. Nevertheless, the kingdom survived for roughly a century, benefiting from sea trade, and from the advantageous location of Ozato castle, situated atop tall bluffs, with an inlet from the sea and its own dedicated dock. Though its ports were not nearly as active as Naha, the chief port of Chūzan, the kingdom enjoyed its share of trade with Southeast Asia, China, and other nearby powers. For the village in Chiapas, Mexico, see Naha Chiapas. For the airport in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, see Sangir Island Chūzan entered a tributary relationship with Ming Dynasty China in 1372. A tribute (from Latin tribulum, contribution is wealth one party gives to another as a sign of respect or as was often case in historical contexts of submission The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Nanzan was granted similar commercial status shortly afterwards, along with Hokuzan, but was restricted to sending only one ship per tribute mission. Over roughly the next thirty years, nineteen tribute missions were sent from Nanzan to China; Hokuzan sent nine and Chūzan sent fifty-two. Though these missions were meant to be limited to formal trade between the governments of Okinawa and China, it was not unknown for Nanzan officials, like those from the other two kingdoms, to engage in private trade and smuggling. Around 1381, a Nanzan envoy was severely reprimanded for bringing silver into China with which he intended to purchase porcelains for his own personal material gain.
It is believed that, for a time, there may have been two lords vying for control of Nanzan. Ofusato, the first lord of Nanzan, presented himself to the Chinese Imperial Court in 1388, and died while in Korea, ten years later. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Theories abound about whether the process of succession in Nanzan was a natural, peaceful one, or whether each successive king achieved his position by rising up again, and killing, his predecessor. As a result, the true lineage is also obscured.
In the 1390s, the kings of all three kingdoms died within a few years, and succession disputes erupted across the island; similar events occurred in Nanking at the same time, with the death of the Hongwu Emperor in 1398. ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles Early life Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 in Pei County Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province as the youngest of four sons When the Lord of Nanzan, Ofusato, died that same year, his brother Yafuso seized power, and sought formal recognition from China. Previously, China had only ever recognized one head of state on Okinawa, but now all three kingdoms sent envoys and vied for the prestige, wealth, and power that would come with China's favor; no response came from China for eleven years. In 1406, Bunei, King of Chūzan, was formally invested by representatives of the Ming Court in his position; Taromai, king of Nanzan, received this honor in 1415, but quarrels within his royal court prevented Nanzan from ever gaining power. Bunei (武寧(r 1398-1406 was the last king of Chūzan, one of three kingdoms on the island of Okinawa, before it was united into the Ryūkyū Kingdom
Following Taromai's death in the late 1420s, succession disputes further weakened Nanzan. Shō Hashi, lord of Chūzan, who had conquered Hokuzan ten years earlier, now seized the opportunity to take Nanzan. Shō Hashi (尚巴志 (1371 &ndash 1439 r 1422-1439 was the first king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom (today Okinawa Prefecture, Japan) uniting the three He thus united the island of Okinawa into the Ryūkyū Kingdom, marking the end of the independent kingdom of Nanzan. The Ryūkyū Kingdom ( Ryukyuan: ja 琉球國 rūchū－kuku, 琉球王国 ryūkyū-ō-koku) liúqiúguó) was an independent kingdom which
| Name | Kanji | Reign | Line or Dynasty | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ofusato | 承察度 | 1337?-1396? | Ozato Line | Ofusato Lord of Ozato established Nanzan Kingdom |
| Oueishi | 汪英紫 | 1388-1402 | Ozato Line | Ofusato's uncle |
| Ououso | 汪応祖 | 1403?-1413 | Ozato Line | Oueishi's second son |
| Tafuchi | 達勃期 | 1413?-1414? | Ozato Line | Oueishi's eldest son |
| Taromai | 他魯毎 | 1415?-1429 | Ozato Line | Ououso's eldest son; last king of Nanzan |
Notes
- ^ Technically, Hashi's father Shō Shishō was king of Chūzan in 1419, and neither was called "Shō" until that name was granted them by the Ming court in 1421. are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led
References
- Kerr, George H. (2000). Okinawa: the History of an Island People. (revised ed. ) Boston: Tuttle Publishing.
- Some of the content contained here is derived from the Japanese Wikipedia article on the Ozato line. See ja:大里王統.
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