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Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) (Urdu: متحدہ مجلس عمل) (United Council of Action) is a coalition between religious-political parties in Pakistan. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and

In the Majlis-e-Shoora (the Pakistani parliament), the MMA, is a coalition opposition, after United States started bombing Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban regime. Majlis-e-Shoora ( Urdu: مجلس شوری) ( Council of Advisors in Urdu, although referred to as " Parliament " is the federal The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately

Contents

Background

Until the elections of 2008 when secular parties secured a majority of the votes,[1] the MMA was the ruling party in North-West Frontier Province (NWFP). A general election was held in Pakistan on February 18, 2008, after being postponed from 8 January 2008, the original date to elect The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP ( Urdu: śimāl maġribī sarhadī sūba) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. It currently comprises five Islamic religious organizations:

  1. Maulana Fazlur Rehman's faction of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam or simply JUI-F. The Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Assembly of Islamic Clergy or JUI is a Political party in Pakistan. The more hardline and traditional Deobandi stream of thinking - with popular appeal amongst clerics and the Pashtuns and Baluch of NWFP and Balochistan. The Deobandi ( Urdu: دیو بندی devbandī) is a Sunni Islamic revivalist movement which started in India and has more recently Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called Baluch may refer to The Baloch people and Balochistan region of south and southwest Asia Balochistan, or Baluchistan, Pashto, ( Balochi, Hazara, Brahui, Sindhi, Urdu: بلوچستان
  2. Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan or JUP. The Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan ( JUP) ( Urdu: جميعت علماء پاکستان) (Assembly of Pakistani Clergy) is a Political party A traditional Barelvi political party which is popular with traditional and folk Muslims in Pakistani villages in Sindh and Punjab. Barelwi or Barelvi ( Hindi: बरेलवी Urdu: بریلوی is a movement of Sunni Sufism in South Asia that was founded by Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of
  3. Jamaat-e-Islami. Jamaat-e-Islami ( Urdu: جماعتِ اسلامی, " Islamic Block " Jamaat, JI) is an Islamist A pan-Islamist religious political party.
  4. Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan or TJP. The Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan ( TJP) ( Urdu: تحریکِ جعفریہ) also called Tehrik-e-Islami is a Political party in The Shia group also known as the Tehrik-e-Islami.
  5. Jamiat Ahle Hadith. The Jamiat Ahle Hadith ( JA) (Assembly of followers the way of the prophet is a religio-political party in Pakistan. A Wahabi-like religious political party of Pakistan have at times been members of the coalition. Wahhabism ( Arabic: Al-Wahhābīyya الوهابية or Wahabism is a conservative reformist call of Sunni Islam attributed to

JUI-S's withdrawal from party

The Sami-ul-Haq faction of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam left the party in late 2005 citing differences with JUI-F's Fazlur Rehman and Jamaat-e-Islami's Qazi Hussain Ahmad.

Rise to power

The MMA benefited immensely from two factors in the general elections of 2002: the sidelining of major political parties as well as anti-American sentiment in Pakistani border provinces because of the Afghan war in 2001. Since then, the MMA have been in power in two Pakistani provinces: NWFP and Balochistan. Balochistan, or Baluchistan, Pashto, ( Balochi, Hazara, Brahui, Sindhi, Urdu: بلوچستان

Criticism

The MMA is the major Islamic political party of Pakistan. It is opposed by a number of secular political parties which reject the MMA's aspirations to establish a complete theocracy in Pakistan. Though Pakistan is a Muslim country and its constitution declares Shar'iah as the law, there is not a unified consensus on what is shariah and what is not. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Although the MMA has been able to exert a great deal of power over the poorest and least educated provinces of Pakistan (the NWFP and Balochistan), it has been completely prevented from influencing Pakistan's foreign policy. The MMA is highly opposed to Pakistan's friendship with the United States and Pakistan's dedication to counter-terrorism and regional stability. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Nor has the MMA been able to influence Pakistan's monetary and banking policies, whereas the MMA has demanded in Parliament that the interest banking system be banned (the MMA's opposition has pointed out that the government itself would be unable to continue to operate without borrowing money from foreign banks). Interest is a fee paid on borrowed capital Assets lent include Money, Shares, Consumer goods through Hire purchase, major assets Some Pakistanis are suspicious of the MMA, as the MMA, by virtue of its nature as a professedly religious Islamic party, openly states it desires the establishment of a theocracy, and does not believe in the Western notion of a democracy. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Theocracy is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The MMA's definition of democracy which is identical to theocracy is unacceptable to the MMA's opponents.

The MMA have sought to implement controversial legislation in NWFP, such as the proposed Shariat and Hisbah bills. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The Hasba bill ( Urdu: حسبہ قانون; accountability bill) was a bill proposed by members of the provincial assembly of the North-West The bills are disputed - some Pakistanis regard this as a serious abuse of government power and violation of human rights, while Islamic parties regard it as the implementation of legitimate Islamic laws, in line with the constitution of Pakistan, which makes it avowedly clear the fact that Pakistan is an Islamic republic with the law of Shari'a supreme. The Governor of NWFP has vowed that it will not be implemented and President Pervez Musharraf filed a reference against it in Pakistan's Supreme Court. General (ret Pervez Musharraf ( (born 11 August 1943 NI(M, HI(M, TBt, is the former Military dictator and President of The 9 member bench of the court declared certain clauses unconstitutional and directed the Governor not to sign it into law until it is revised. In a detailed verdict released on September 1, 2005, the Supreme Court stated that other clauses of the bill can be challenged as well. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, the elected senate approved over 90% of the bill.

War on Terror

Main article: War on Terrorism

Besides of their severe criticism of the "War on Terror", ambiguous attitude towards terrorism, and opposition to President Musharraf, the MMA have not interfered in anti-terrorism operations, whether it is law enforcement or military or paramilitary action. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U The MMA has not supported the operations either.

"Hudood" Law controversy

Main article: Hudood ordinance

The MMA threatened to resign from national and provincial assemblies in protest after Pakistan's parliament amended laws to transfer rape cases from its 'Sharia' courts to civil courts. The Hudood Ordinance (حدود مسودہ (also spelled Hudud) was a law in Pakistan that was enacted in 1979 as part of then military ruler Zia-ul-Haq's

Sharia courts in Pakistan, which claim to be based on Islamic law, try rape cases under "Hudood" Ordinances instituted in 1979. The Hudood Ordinance (حدود مسودہ (also spelled Hudud) was a law in Pakistan that was enacted in 1979 as part of then military ruler Zia-ul-Haq's According to critics of the ordinance, a rape victim could face adultery (or fornication if unmarried) charges unless she can produce four male Muslim witnesses of good character to her rape. Failing to do so entails a maximum sentence for adultery is death by stoning. However, Mufti Taqi Usmani, an instrumental figuring in making the Hudud Laws, has stated "If anyone says that she was punished because of Qazaf (false accusation of rape) then Qazaf Ordinance, Clause no. Justice ( R) Maulana Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani ( Uthmani ( Arabic / Urdu: محمد تقی عثمانی 3, Exemption no. 2 clearly states that if someone approaches the legal authorities with a rape complaint, she cannot be punished in case she is unable to present 4 witnesses. No court of law can be in its right mind to award such a punishment. "[2]

The Hudood Ordinances are widely condemned by women's rights groups in Pakistan, by some Islamists globally,[3] and by international human rights groups such as Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. [4]

References

  1. ^ ANP, PPP dominate in NWFP Assembly - Dawn Pakistan
  2. ^ The Reality of ‘Women Protection Bill’
  3. ^ Islam Channel presenters Hassan and Habibah on the rape laws in Pakistan [1]
  4. ^ Stop violence against women in Pakistan, Human Rights Watch

See also

External links

Islam Channel is a UK -based Free-to-air, English language Islamic-focused satellite television channel Hassan Saleemi and Habibah Ellahee are married co-hosts of a light social affairs television programme Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. Khurshīd Ahmad ( Urdu: خورشید احمد, also known as Professor Khurshid) ( March 23, 1932 in Delhi -) is a Liaqat Baloch ( Urdu: لیاقت بلوچ) (born December 9, 1952) is a political leader in Pakistan. In recent history the Pakistani political processes have taken place in the framework of a Federal republic, where the system of government has at times been Parliamentary Political parties in Pakistan' lists political parties in Pakistan. Islamic fundamentalism Arabic: usul (from usul the "fundamentals"] is a term used to describe religious ideologies seen as advocating a return to the
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