The 40 Watt Club, a key venue in the city's punk rock scene, at its third location in Broad Street. The 40 Watt Club is a significant music venue in Athens Georgia.

The music of Athens, Georgia includes a wide variety of popular music, and was an important part of the early evolution of alternative rock and New Wave. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of New Wave is a Rock music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the 1980s The city is well known as the home of chart-topping bands like R.E.M. and The B-52's, and several long-time indie rock groups. REM is an American rock band formed in Athens, Georgia, in 1980 by Michael Stipe ( lead vocals) Peter Buck ( Guitar The B-52's originated as a New Wave Rock band formed in Athens Georgia, United States, in 1976 Indie rock is genre of Alternative rock that primarily exists in the independent Underground music scene Athens hosts the Athens Symphony Orchestra and other music institutions, as well as prominent local music media, such as the college radio station WUOG. Athens-Clarke County is a unified city-county in Georgia, US, in the northeastern part of the state at the intersection of U The Athens Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based out of Athens Georgia. WUOG (905 FM) is a student run Radio station licensed to Athens Georgia, USA the station serves the Athens area ^[1] Much of the modern Athens music scene is based around students from the large University of Georgia campus in the city. The University of Georgia ( UGA) is a public research University located in Athens, Georgia, the oldest and largest of the The University sponsors Western classical performances and groups specializing in other styles. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music

Athens became a center for music in the region during the American Civil War, and gained further fame in the early 20th century with the foundation of the Morton Theatre, which was a major touring destination for African American performers. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The city's local rock music scene can be traced to the 1970s, with international attention coming in the following decade when R. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. E. M. and The B-52's released best-selling recordings. Athens-based rock bands have performed in a wide array of styles, and the city has never had a characteristic style of rock; most of the bands have been united only in their quirky and iconoclastic image. ^[2]

Music author Richie Unterberger describes the town as an unlikely center for musical development, as a "sleepy [place where] it's difficult to imagine anyone working up a sweat, let alone playing rock music. " The success of Athens' local bands is apocryphally attributed to "something in the water. "^[3] The contributions of Athens to rock, country music and bluegrass have earned it the nickname "the Liverpool of the South", and the city is known as a birthplace for both modern alternative rock and New Wave music. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music, and is a sub-genre of Country music. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary ^[4][5] Athens was home to the first and most famous college music scene in the country, beginning in the 1970s. ^[6] The formation of local bands like The B-52's, Ravenstone, Pylon, Widespread Panic, Indigo Girls, Love Tractor and R. Ravenstone is an American rock band formed in Athens, Georgia in 1971 by Butch Blasingame ( Lead guitar, vocals Dwight Brown Pylon is a rock band from Athens Georgia, USA Their most important work was done between 1979 and 1983 Widespread Panic is a rock 'n' roll band from Athens Georgia. Indigo Girls are an American Folk rock duo consisting of Amy Ray and Emily Saliers. Love Tractor is an Alternative rock band from Athens Georgia. E. M. brought Athens rock to national attention by 1980. ^[7]

Music venues and institutions

Pylon performing at the 2005 AthFest

Athens' local music is based primarily in the small downtown area of the northern part of the town. The nightclub 40 Watt Club is among the most famous indie rock venues on the East Coast; the club opened on Halloween in 1978, with a band called Strictly American featuring Curtis Crowe, founder of the club and future member of the band Pylon. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark The 40 Watt Club is a significant music venue in Athens Georgia. Pylon is a rock band from Athens Georgia, USA Their most important work was done between 1979 and 1983 ^[8] Other major music venues in the city include the Georgia Theatre (a converted cinema that hosts both local and touring performers), Caledonia Lounge, the Melting Point, and the UGA Performing Arts Center, home to the Ramsey Concert Hall and the Hugh Hodgson Concert Hall. Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue The Morton Theater is a historic venue, a major part of the city's African American community in the early 20th century; it claims to be the only theater from that era remaining in operation. ^[9]

Athens is home to the summer music festival Athfest, the Athens Popfest and the North Georgia Folk Festival. A music festival is a Festival oriented towards Music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as Musical genre, Nationality or locality Athfest is a free annual Music festival in Athens Georgia, first held in 1997 Happy Happy Birthday To Me Records is an American Independent record label based in Athens Georgia, whose catalogue is rather heavily weighted towards The college radio station WUOG, the low-power FM Hot 100. Campus radio (also known as college radio, university radio or student radio) is a type of Radio station that is run by the students of a college WUOG (905 FM) is a student run Radio station licensed to Athens Georgia, USA the station serves the Athens area 7 and the free weekly Flagpole are the city's most prominent modern music media. Flagpole Magazine, often abbreviated to simply Flagpole, is an Alternative newsweekly that focuses on the cultural scene of Athens Georgia Athens has never produced a major local label like many similar indie rock towns; the most important label of the 1970s and 80s was DB Records, based out of Atlanta, though jangle pop pioneers Kindercore Records and Wuxtry Records were also Athens-based. DB Records is a Record label owned by Danny Beard. The label's headquarters reside in the Wax N Facts record store in the quirky and avant garde area of Atlanta Jangle pop is a genre of Alternative rock from the mid-1980s that "marked a return to the chiming guitars and pop melodies of the '60s" bands such as The Kindercore Records is an Independent record label based in Athens Georgia, which was founded in 1996 by Ryan Lewis and Daniel Geller ^[10]

Local music institutions include the Athens Symphony Orchestra, Athens Choral Society (founded in 1971), Athens Youth Symphony and the Athens Folk Music and Dance Society. The Athens Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based out of Athens Georgia. The Athens Youth Symphony is a symphony based out of Athens Georgia. The Athens Folk Music and Dance Society is an organization that promotes Folk music and Folk dance in the Athens Georgia area The Athens Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1978 as a firmly non-profit, strictly volunteer organization, conducted by Albert Ligotti of the University of Georgia. The first performance came in 1979; the Orchestra now has two regular performances, one in the summer and one in the winter, and has also done shows for young people, pops concerts and Christmas concerts. In 1996, the Athens Symphony moved into its modern home, the Classic Center Theatre in downtown Athens. ^[11]

The University of Georgia's Athens campus has long been an important part of local music. The faculty of the Hugh Hodgson School of Music operate the Georgia Brass Quintet and Georgia Woodwind Quintet. Student institutions include the ARCO Chamber Orchestra, Men's and Women's Glee Clubs, several concert choirs, jazz bands, and brass and woodwind ensembles, the Redcoat Marching Band, the University Philharmonica and a Symphony Orchestra. A glee club is a Choir, historically of men but also of just women or mixed voices which traditionally specializes in singing short songs A marching band is in the broadest terms a group of performers that consist of instrumental Musicians and sometimes dance teams / color guard who generally perform The University of Georgia Glee Clubs launched a pair of offshoots now called Noteworthy and Accidentals (female and male vocal groups, respectively), who are regionally known. ^[12]

The first location of the Uptown Lounge (40 Watt's rival). Uptown would become the Georgia Theater the next year and provide a very large local venue.

History

The earliest music in North Georgia, including what is now Athens, was that of the Native Americans of the area, principally the Creek and the Cherokee. North Georgia is the Mountainous northern region of the US state of Georgia. The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact Athens was officially chartered in 1806, and began growing rapidly near the middle of the 19th century. By the time of the American Civil War in the 1860s, the city was an important part of musical life in Georgia. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The war accelerated the development of the city's musical importance, as Athens was largely spared widespread destruction while the larger city of Atlanta took a long time to recover. Major touring acts like the Dixie Family and The Slomans visited Athens during the war; the Dixie Family, a prominent touring group, performed disastrously, according to local newspapers, who said that the highlight of the performance came from four local African American musicians, and the Dixie Family had absconded with the concert's proceeds, which had been promised to the local Ladies Aid Society. ^[13] In the 1870s, the city was almost half African American, and local black-owned industry flourished; among the residents was Bob Cole, born in 1868 to a musically active family. Cole would later become a pioneer in African American theater, known for works like the 1898 musical A Trip to Coontown. ^[14]

African American industry, churches and other institutions grew rapidly in prominence through the end of the 19th century. The city's African American community was well established by the beginning of the 20th century, when the corner of Lumpkin and Washington Streets became a major center for the city's black culture. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa This area was known as the Hot Corner, and was owned by a number of black professional businesses, as well as many performance spaces and a renowned opera house in the Morton Building that hosted such national figures as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader. ^[15] The Morton Theater was one of the preeminent venues in the city in the early 20th century, and is the only such theater to survive to the present, though it was not in operation for many years, until re-opening in 1993. ^[9]

Origins of the modern scene

In the 1950s, the city's musical life consisted primarily of dances at local venues like the American Legion Hall and the YMCA, where popular bandleaders included most famously Jimmy Dorsey. For other uses of American Legion see American Legion (disambiguation The American Legion was chartered by the U The Young Men's Christian Association (" YMCA " or " the Y " was founded on June 6, 1844 in London England by a young man James "Jimmy" Dorsey ( February 29, 1904 &ndash June 12, 1957) was a prominent American Jazz Clarinetist The Canteen was a spot in Memorial Park in Athens, which became an important performance space after local musician Terry "Mad Dog" Melton and his group began playing there in 1958. The Canteen later hosted local Motown/beach legends The Jesters, who have continued to perform from 1964 to the present. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Beach music, also known as Carolina beach music, is a regional genre which developed from various musical styles of the Forties, Fifties and Sixties The Jesters were a Doo-wop group based in New York City who achieved success in the late 1950s ^[16]

Later in the 1960s and into the 70s, locally prominent bands gradually changed from primarily cover bands to more well rounded groups, while the city's musical opportunities grew with the foundation of venues and institutions. This period has been called the Normaltown River of Music, and included long-time local performers like Mad Dog Melton as well as Brian Burke, Davis Causey and Randall Bramblett, many of whom later worked with Gregg Allman and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. Brian Thomas Burke (born in Perth, 25 February 1947 was Labor Premier of Western Australia from 25 February 1983 until his resignation on 25 February 1988 Randall Bramblett (b Jesup Georgia) is a musician and Singer-songwriter, who has worked with such notable performers as Robbie Robertson, Steve Winwood Gregory Lenoir Allman (born December 8, 1947 in Nashville Tennessee) known as Gregg Allman (sometimes spelled Greg Allman) is a The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band is an American country - folk - rock band that has existed in various forms since its founding in Long Beach California The most influential local bands to emerge from this period included the Normaltown Flyers, Hampton Grease Band and Dixie Grease. The Hampton Grease Band was an American rock band beginning as a Blues-rock group in the late 1960s in Atlanta Georgia. Bars like The Last Resort opened in the 60s, beginning the local club scene just as some bands were beginning to gain some regional fame for Athens. ^[16] The Hampton Grease Band was signed to Columbia Records, and their debut double album was released in 1971; at the time, it was said to be the second worst-selling album in the history of Columbia's catalogue, second only to a yoga instructional recording. Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the The album has since become a valuable collector's item, and the band's members have gone on to various side projects, with Glenn Phillips' solo work and Bruce Hampton's Aquarium Rescue Unit being the best-known. Bruce Hampton (born Gustav Berglund III in 1947 is a surrealist American musician Col Bruce Hampton and the Aquarium Rescue Unit is an experimental jazz rock group originally founded by Col ^[17]

Rock

The 2nd location of the 40 Watt Club

The rock scene in Athens dates back to the 1970s, when local music was based around house parties, eccentric thrift store fashions and a wild and weird atmosphere. Mainly in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, United States and Canada the term house party refers A charity shop, second-hand shop ( UK) thrift shop, thrift store, hospice shop ( U The foundation of the 40 Watt Club nightclub in 1978 helped to establish Athens' nightlife, which had previously suffered due to a lack of resources for community performances. The 40 Watt Club is a significant music venue in Athens Georgia. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark The 40 Watt Club became a well-known regional attraction for music fans, and was followed by the Uptown Lounge; with the local industry's growth in the 1980s, both the 40 Watt Club and the Uptown Lounge moved to larger spaces, the latter taking over the landmark Georgia Theatre. Georgia Theatre is a prominent music venue in Athens Georgia, located in an old cinema. The early 1980s saw a host of new bands and venues appear, while the city's musical subculture became more diversified. LSD, a hallucinogenic drug, was widely used in the college music scene in this era. The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories Psychedelics, Dissociatives ^[6] Many members of Athens's most prominent later bands became locally renowned starting in the 1970s, including The B-52's. ^[18]

Ort's Oldies, a used record store on Jackson Street, and its proprietor, William Orten Carlton, commonly known as Ort, were among the institutional figures that made the Athens music scene possible. Ort's had an excellent memory for rock trivia, which served him well in running the store. Perhaps more importantly, his off-the-wall sense of humor and warmly iconoclastic personality (and his thrift-sale wardrobe) were regularly on display at parties, gigs and musical venues around town. ^[19]

A final element in creating and sustaining the Athens musical culture was the University of Georgia Lamar Dodd School of Art. The Lamar Dodd School of Art is the Art school of the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Georgia (UGA in Athens, The great majority of Athens' musicians and their fan base were associated with the University's liberal arts curriculum, and the School of Art, rather than the music department, was the area where the creative and musical alliances that later defined the scene began forming in the 1970s. Michael Stipe of R. John Michael Stipe (born January 4 1960 in Decatur Georgia) is an American singer who is the lead vocalist for the Alternative rock band R E. M. was an art major (although he did not graduate), and the Art School incubated other major figures such as Curtis Crowe, founding member and drummer for Pylon. Pylon is a rock band from Athens Georgia, USA Their most important work was done between 1979 and 1983 The cinematographer for the documentary film Athens GA: Inside/Out was Jim Herbert, an art school professor. Herbert went on to direct music videos for a number of Athens bands, including 14 for R. E. M. ^[19]

The B-52's and R. E. M. became by far the most famous musical products of Athens in the 1980s, when both bands launched a string of hits. Their roots in the city's local scene go back to the 1970s and early 80s. The B-52's formed after a St. Valentine's Day party in 1977. The members had little musical knowledge, but performed New Wave music with a cheeky and humorous image and sound. New Wave is a Rock music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the 1980s They were known for their campy thrift-store fashion, and their unusual and eye-catching music videos for hits like "Rock Lobster" and "Love Shack". A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics This article is about the song for the animal see Southern rock lobster. " Love Shack " is a single by rock band The B-52's. Originally released in 1989 from their album Cosmic Thing ^[20] Though the B-52's were the first Athens band to achieve national prominence, their popularity was soon eclipsed by R.E.M.. REM is an American rock band formed in Athens, Georgia, in 1980 by Michael Stipe ( lead vocals) Peter Buck ( Guitar The future members of the band R.E.M. moved to Athens to work and/or attend the University of Georgia, including bassist Mike Mills and former drummer Bill Berry. REM is an American rock band formed in Athens, Georgia, in 1980 by Michael Stipe ( lead vocals) Peter Buck ( Guitar This article is about Mike Mills the REM bassist Other similar sounding articles include the Irish journalist Michael Mills and Mike Mills (director. William "Bill" Thomas Berry (born July 31, 1958) is an American musician and multi-instrumentalist best known as the Drummer in Alternative The group began performing as R. E. M. in 1980. They became locally prominent, and released a single, "Radio Free Europe", that was a major college rock hit. " Radio Free Europe " is a song by American Alternative rock band R College rock was a term used in the United States to describe 1980s Alternative rock before the term "alternative" came into common usage Their popularity grew with a series of singles, EPs and albums that made R. E. M. the top underground band in the country, finally breaking into the mainstream with 1987's "The One I Love" and "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)". " The One I Love " is a song by American rock band RE " It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine " is a song by the rock band R By 1991's Out of Time album — which featured vocals by Kate Pierson of The B-52s — and its acclaimed follow-up Automatic for the People (named after the motto of a local Athens eatery), R. Out of Time is the seventh album by the American Alternative rock band R Catherine Elizabeth Pierson (born 27 April 1948 in Weehawken, New Jersey) is an American Vocalist and one of the lead Automatic for the People is the eighth album by the American Alternative rock band R E. M. had become one of the world's biggest rock bands. The band's style went through many evolutions but originally had a jangle pop sound and harmonies often compared to folk-rock band The Byrds; singer and songwriter Michael Stipe is known for obscure, allusive lyrics delivered in a monotonous drone. Jangle pop is a genre of Alternative rock from the mid-1980s that "marked a return to the chiming guitars and pop melodies of the '60s" bands such as The Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of Folk music and rock music. The Byrds were a popular American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964 John Michael Stipe (born January 4 1960 in Decatur Georgia) is an American singer who is the lead vocalist for the Alternative rock band R ^[21] The success of R. E. M. and the B-52's brought attention from major labels and music media to Athens, and many local bands received a career boost.

The band Pylon was a long-standing and influential part of the Athens scene, and became critical darlings in the 1980s, but never achieved significant mainstream success. This was partially because they eschewed several record contracts from the major labels due to a lack of trust in their corporate goodwill. Pylon's dance rock style was not very accessible or commercial, and was characterized by chanting-style vocals, funky guitars and bass-heavy beats. Other 1980s local bands with nationwide alternative followings included Oh-OK, with Michael Stipe's sister Lynda Stipe and future solo performer Matthew Sweet, Dreams So Real, Love Tractor, Bar-B-Que Killers, Mercyland, 5-8, The Primates and Vic Varney and Method Actors. Oh-OK was an American musical group based around Linda Hopper and Lynda Stipe. Lynda Stipe is an American musician who has been a Bass guitarist and singer in the bands Oh-OK, Hetch Hetchy and Flash to Bang For the writer and broadcaster see Matthew Sweet (writer Sidney Matthew Sweet (born c Dreams So Real were a significant band in the Athens Georgia music scene, gaining some national exposure in the late 1980s and early 1990s including releases on Arista Love Tractor is an Alternative rock band from Athens Georgia. David Barbe ( September 30, 1963 - is an American musician and an engineer/producer from Athens Georgia at the Chase Park Transduction studio The Primates were one of the original Post-punk / Rock bands to come out of Athens Georgia in the mid 1980s The members of R. E. M. have remained fixtures in Athens as they have also become international stars, helping out local performers like Vic Chesnutt, the Chickasaw Mudd Puppies and Jack Logan ^[22]. Vic Chesnutt (born on January 1, 1964) is a Singer-songwriter living in Athens Georgia. The Chickasaw Mudd Puppies was an American rock band formed by Brant Slay (vocalist washboard harmonica and Ben Reynolds (vocalist percussion electric guitar Jack Logan is an American Singer-songwriter from southern Illinois. The Elephant 6 Collective, a group of like-minded indie bands, gained limited nationwide exposure starting in the mid-1990s with the rise of Neutral Milk Hotel, Elf Power and Olivia Tremor Control. The Elephant 6 Recording Company (or simply Elephant 6) is a collective of American musicians who spawned some of the most notable independent bands of the 1990s including Neutral Milk Hotel was an American indie Folk band. The band's chief Songwriter, Jeff Mangum, played with a number of other Elf Power is an Indie rock band They are originally from Athens Georgia, and consist of guitarist/vocalist Andrew Rieger, keyboardist Laura The Olivia Tremor Control was an Athens Georgia Indie rock band in the mid- to late 1990s which along with The Apples in Stereo and The same period saw the Kindercore Records roster find critical acclaim, including the bands Sunshine Fix, Masters of the Hemisphere and Japancakes. Kindercore Records is an Independent record label based in Athens Georgia, which was founded in 1996 by Ryan Lewis and Daniel Geller The Sunshine Fix is the solo project of The Olivia Tremor Control 's Bill Doss. Masters of the Hemisphere were an American Indie pop group founded by Bren Mead and Sean Rawls Japancakes is an American musical group based in Athens GA History Rhythm guitarist Eric Berg formed the band with the idea of putting ten musicians in a band without Candy, a DJ store owned by Michael Lachowski of Pylon, opened in 1998; the store became an important part of the burgeoning dance music scene that produced Danger Mouse, Phungus and DJ 43 ^[16]

Other styles

Athens is near the Blue Ridge Mountains area of North Georgia; this is an important region in the development of several varieties of folk music, including the Appalachian bluegrass style and the Piedmont blues. Brian Joseph Burton, better known by his Stage name Danger Mouse, is an American artist and producer. The Blue Ridge, or Blue Ridge Mountains, is a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian division Old-time music is a form of North American Folk music, with roots in the Folk musics of many countries including England, Scotland, Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music, and is a sub-genre of Country music. The Piedmont blues (also known as Piedmont fingerstyle or East Coast' blues) is a type of Blues music characterized by a unique fingerpicking method on the North Georgia's bluegrass heritage can be traced back to the 19th century, when bluegrass was a nascent style throughout Appalachia and North Georgia was home to major fiddling contests, beginning in the 1880s. A 1983 recording expedition by Art and Margo Rosenbaum documented the continued existence of many forms of folk music, including work songs, string bands, African American hymns and spirituals, banjo tunes and unaccompanied ballads; the collection includes a chapter devoted to Doc and Lucy Barnes of Athens. Spirituals (or Negro spirituals) are songs which were created by African slaves in America. ^[23][24][25] Athens' modern contributions to the field of bluegrass include the Packway Handle Band. The Packway Handle Band is a bluegrass Quintet originating as a part of Music of Athens Georgia in 2001 ^[26]

Athens' local country scene has never been as significant as the profusion of indie rock bands; however, modern Athens rock takes many elements from the folk, bluegrass and country traditions. The band Drive-By Truckers have done a lot in recent years to make country rock a major part of Athens' musical identity. Drive-By Truckers are a Rock band based in Athens Georgia, though three out of five members (Mike Cooley Patterson Hood and Shonna Tucker originally hail For the geological term see Country rock (geology. Country rock is a Musical Genre formed from the fusion of rock The rapper Bubba Sparxxx, originally from South Georgia, has also helped diversify Athens' country heritage, by adding a rural image and elements of country music to his Dirty South style of hip hop music. Warren Anderson Mathis (born March 6,1977 known by his stage name Bubba Sparxxx, is an American Southern rapper. Southern hip hop is a form of American hip hop music that emerged from a club oriented vibe in the late-1990s as a popular force from cities including but not limited to Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with ^[27]

References

•  40 Watt Club History. 40 Watt Club. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Abel, E. Lawrence (2000). Singing the New Nation: How Music Shaped the Confederacy, 1861–1865, First Edition, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-0228-6.  
•  City of Athens History. ACConline. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Athens Music History Walking Tour (pdf). Athens Welcome Center and Flagpole Magazine (1998). Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common  “Attributed to Rolling Stone, February 20, 2003”
•  Foster, Margaret (July 27, 2004). Piece of Music History Needs a Tune-Up. Preservation Online.  “Preservation Online refers to Athens as the "birthplace of New Wave"”
•  Golden Ink. The Blue Ridge Mountains. About North Georgia. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Hendrix, Steve. Touring Athens, Ga., with the B-52's: Southern college city is alternative rock’s hometown. The Anti-Orange Page. The Washington Post. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Faculty Ensembles. Performing Ensembles at the University of Georgia. Hugh Hodgson School of Music. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Montgomery, Jeff (December 4, 2001). Athens has served as wellspring of musical talent. OnlineAthens. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  About the Morton Building. History of the Morton Theatre. Morton Theatre. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Poole, W. Scott (April 28, 2004). Catfish Row: Redneck Chic and Hip-hop Get Down and Dirty. PopMatters. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Rapp, Carl. Portrait of the Athens Symphony. The Story of the Athens Symphony. Athens Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Thomas, S. (2004). Music to Eat by the Hampton Grease Band. Retrieved on February 11, 2008. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
•  Unterberger, Richie (1999). Music USA: The Rough Guide. The Rough Guides, 133–140. ISBN 1-85828-421-X.  

Notes

Further reading

• Brown, Rodger Lyle (2003). Party out of Bounds. Everthemore Books. ISBN 0-9743877-0-3.  
• Rosenbaum, Art; Margo Rosenbaum (1983). Folk Visions and Voices: Traditional Music and Song in North Georgia, Musical transcriptions by Béla Foltin, Jr. , foreword by Pete Seeger, Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. Peter "Pete" Seeger (born May 3 1919 is an American folk singer political Activist, and a key figure in the mid-20th century American  

External links

• 40 Watt Club
• Flagpole Magazine
• Hugh Hodgson School of Music at the University of Georgia
• Music history tour of Athens