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For other uses, see Muscat (disambiguation).
Some grapes of vitis vinifera
Some grapes of vitis vinifera

The muscat family of grapes of the species Vitis vinifera is widely grown for wine, raisins and table grapes. For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is Vitis vinifera ( Common Grape Vine) is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Raisins are dried Grapes They are produced in many regions of the world such as the United States, Australia, Chile, Table grapes are Grapes intended for consumption while they are fresh as opposed to grapes grown for Wine production Juice production or for drying into Their color ranges from white to near black. Muscat almost always has a pronounced sweet floral aroma. Muscat grapes are grown around the world in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Israel, France, Portugal, Greece, Spain, Australia, California, Hungary, Canada, Italy, Turkey, and other places. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The breadth and number of varieties of muscat suggest that it is perhaps the oldest domesticated grape variety, and there are theories that most families within the Vitis vinifera grape family are descended from the Muscat family. [1]

Contents

Varieties of Muscat Grapes

Muscat wines

Table and sparkling wines

Muscat grapes are one of the major varieties grown for table wine in Chile, and is a minor variety in California and Italy. In the United States table wine is used as a legal definition to differentiate standard Wine from stronger (higher alcohol content Fortified wine or Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Muscat Ottonel is also successfully grown by a few vineyards in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. The Finger Lakes are a chain of lakes in the west-central section of Upstate New York that are a popular tourist destination New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Currently it is produced into an Alsatian styled wine by McGregor Vineyard Winery on Keuka Lake.

In Italy, it is widely used in sweeter sparkling wines like Asti. Asti is a city and Comune in the Piemonte or Piedmont region, in north-western Italy, about 55 kilometres east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro Their 'grapey' quality makes many wines made from Muscat easy to identify. Moscato d'Asti is a lightly sparkling (frizzante) variety of Muscat, made from the Moscato Bianco (Muscato Canelli) grape of the Piedmont region of Italy. Moscato d'Asti is a DOCG wine produced mainly in the districts of Asti and in smaller nearby regions in the districts of Alessandria and Cuneo Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. This region has a DOCG designation, and is also known for the production of Barbera d'Asti, Dolcetto d’Asti, and Asti Spumante. Denominazione di origine controllata is an Italian quality assurance label for food products and especially wines (an Appellation) Barbera d'Asti is an Italian red Wine made from the Barbera grape variety Asti or Asti Spumante is a white sparkling wine produced in an area to the south of the town of Asti in Piedmont, Italy. In Lithuania, it is also used for making a sparkling wine called Alita. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Alita is a Lithuanian company based in Alytus, established in 1963.

Dessert and fortified wines

Muscat grapes are used to make a variety of sweet dessert wines in various parts of the world. Dessert wines (or pudding wines BrE) are sweet Wines typically served with Dessert, such as Sauternes and Tokaji Typically, these are fortified wines, though some sweet late harvest and noble rot wines are also made from Muscat grapes. Fortified wine is Wine to which alcohol (usually Brandy) has been added Late harvest is a term applied to Wines made from Grapes left on the Vine longer than usual Noble rot (French pourriture noble; German Edelfäule) is the benevolent form of a grey Fungus, Botrytis cinerea, affecting

Muscat is widely grown in Portugal and Spain, where the grape and the wines produced from it are known as Moscatel or Muscatel. Moscatels made in these countries are typically sweet and fortified. Among these wines is Moscatel de Setubal a sweet fortified wine from the Setúbal Peninsula in Portugal. Fortified wine is Wine to which alcohol (usually Brandy) has been added Setúbal (sɨˈtubaɫ or) is a city and a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 172 Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Moscatel de Favaios is a Moscatel from the Douro Region. The Douro or Duero ( Latin: Durius, Spanish: Duero, Portuguese: Douro, pron. A Moscatel Madeira wine has also been produced on the island of Madeira, although Moscatel has become increasingly rare there over the last century. Madeira is a fortified Portuguese wine made in the Madeira Islands. History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the

In Spain, sweet fortified Moscatels are produced in a number of regions, notably Malaga and Jerez, and are sometimes made using the solera system. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Solera is a process for aging liquids such as Wine, Vinegar, and Brandy, by fractional blending in such a way that the finished product is mixture A variety of muscat is one of the varietals used in the production of sherry and according to Spanish law, it is one of only three grapes varietals allowed for this purpose. Sherry is a Fortified wine, made in and around the town of Jerez, Spain.

France also produces a number of sweet fortied vins doux naturels from muscat grapes, such as Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise, Muscat de Rivesaltes, Muscat de Frontignan, Muscat de Lunel, Muscat de Mireval, and Muscat de St-Jean Minervois. Vins doux naturels are lightly Fortified wines typically made from white Muscat grapes or red Grenache grapes in the south of France. Beaumes de Venise is an appellation of wines from the eastern central region of the southern half of the Rhône Valley Muscat de Rivesaltes is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée for Fortified wines ( Vin doux naturel) made in the Roussillon ( Northern Catalonia Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is a white Wine Grape that is a member of the Muscat family of Vitis vinifera.

In Australia, sweet fortified muscat wines are produced in the Rutherglen region, with older wines made according to the solera system. Rutherglen is a small town in north-eastern Victoria Australia, near the Murray River border with New South Wales. [2]

Brandies and liqueurs

Muscat wine is also the basis for the brandy like Pisco, made in Peru and Chile, and Metaxa, a liqueur made in Greece. Brandy (from brandywine, derived from Dutch brandewijn — “burnt wine” is a spirit produced by distilling Wine Pisco (from Quechua: pisqu, little bird is a Liquor distilled from Grapes developed by the Spanish in the 16th century Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Metaxa ( Greek: Μεταξά) is a Greek distilled spirit invented by Spyros Metaxas in 1888 A liqueur is a sweet Alcoholic beverage, often flavored with Fruits, Herbs Spices Flowers Seeds Roots Plants Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία

Chemistry

Muscat grapes contain a number of distinct compounds that give muscat sines their distinct "muscaty" flavor.

Muscat grapes have been found to have high concentrations of antioxidant flavonoids, in quantities as high as many varieties of red grapes. The term flavonoid (or bioflavonoid refers to a class of Plant Secondary metabolites According to the IUPAC nomenclature they can be classified into This means that the possible beneficial effects of red wine consumption may also be present in muscat wines. [3]

Muscat Wines by Country

Australia

Brown Muscat has pride of place in north-east Victoria's Rutherglen district, and is generally regarded to be one of the world's greatest fortified wines. High quality Muscats are also produced in other mainland states. Riverina producer Miranda makes a raisined Muscat in passito style. Straw Wine, or raisin wine, is a Wine made from grapes that have been dried to concentrate their juice

Bulgaria

Muscat Ottonel is grown in the Black Sea region and in the Danubian Plain, while Muscatel is a well-known style in the Rose Valley. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The Danubian Plain (Дунавска равнина transliterated Dunavska ravnina) constitutes the northern part of Bulgaria, situated north of the Balkan The Rose Valley (Розова долина Rozova dolina) is a region in Bulgaria located just south of the Balkan Mountains, between them and the

Serbia

Known locally as Tamnjanika, sweet muscat wines have been popular in Serbia since the middle ages. [4] They are grown mainly in the Zupa region of western Serbia, near Mount Kopaonik and also in the Negotin region in the Danubian basin. Kopaonik ( Albanian and Kopaonik; Cyrillic: Копаоник is one of the biggest mountain ranges of Kosovo and Serbia. Negotin ( Serbian Cyrillic: Неготин) is a town and municipality in the Bor District of north-eastern Central Serbia.

Czech Republic

Moravian Muscat is mostly grown in the region of South Moravia. South Moravian Region ( Czech: Jihomoravský kraj) is an administrative unit ( Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the

South Africa

Muscat is known as Muscadel or Hanepoot (Literally: Cockerel's Foot, reputedly from the shape of the vine's leaves, although there is a theory that it is a corruption of hanekloot which means: Cockerel's Testicle from the shape of the grapes themselves), and can be either red or white. Like Australian Muscats, these can be high-quality fortified wines while Constantia is known for late-harvest Muscat of great standing.

United States

Muscat wines produced in California include the Muscat de Beaulieu, a fortified wine from the Napa Valley; the Conundrum wine, which is a blend of Muscat, Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay; and Vin de Glaciere, which is an artificial icewine made from late harvest Muscat grapes. In California's Central Valley the Muscat cross Black Muscat is used to make dessert wine. Black Muscat is a Vitis vinifera grape variety derived from the crossing of the Schiava Grossa and Muscat of Alexandria varieties Carlo Rossi, a popular brand of wine produced by E&J Gallo, has its own Red Muscat. In Oregon, Muscat Ottonel is used by Purple Cow Vineyards of Forest Grove, Oregon, which creates a dry, fruity, aromatic white wine similar to those found in Alsace.

France

Muscat is best known for producing

Italy

Muscat (Moscato) grows throughout Italy in various forms. In dessert form it is either passito or fortified, but it also appears in sparkling wines (Asti spumante and Moscato d'Asti) . Asti or Asti Spumante is a white sparkling wine produced in an area to the south of the town of Asti in Piedmont, Italy. Moscato d'Asti is a DOCG wine produced mainly in the districts of Asti and in smaller nearby regions in the districts of Alessandria and Cuneo One of the best is the Moscato di Trani, made on Adriatic in the town of the same name in Apulia.

Spain

Fortified Muscat (Moscatel) is produced in Andalusia, the Valencian Community, Navarre, Catalonia, and the Canary Islands. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area The Valencian Community ( Valencian and official Comunitat Valenciana; Comunidad Valenciana is an Autonomous community located in central to Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. The Canary Islands ( English pronunciation kəˈnæriː ˈaɪləndz Spanish: Islas Canarias, ˈizlas kaˈnarjas are a Spanish

Portugal

Muscat (Moscatel) makes the much-revered Moscatel de Setubal and Moscatel de Favaios among others. Portuguese wine is part of the ancient traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians Carthaginians Greeks, and mostly

Austria and Hungary

In both Austria and Hungary, Muscat wines ranging from dry to very sweet are produced. Hungarian wine has a history dating back to at least Roman times and that history reflects the country's position between the Slavs and the Germanic peoples Muscat is one of the varieties grown in the Tokaj region of Hungary. For Tokajský wine and the wine region in Slovakia see Tokaj (Slovakia Tokaji (of Tokaj is the name of the wines from the region of Tokaj-Hegyalja

Romania

Romania has Muscat plantings for various dry and sweet styles.

Greece

Muscat dessert wines (moschato) are produced on Samos, Rhodes, Patras and Cephalonia. Dry Muscat table wine is produced on Lemnos. Lemnos (Λήμνος is an island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea.

Turkey

Muscat grapes are produced in Ankara and Central Anatolian Region. Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul.

Cyprus

Muscat dessert wines are also produced in Cyprus, analogous to those produced in Greece.

Ukraine

The Crimea region is home to dessert wines of reverence, with white, pink and black Muscat being given pride of place.

North Africa

Fortified Muscat wines are produced in Tunisia and Morocco.

New Zealand

Muscat is used for dessert wines.


References

  1. ^ J. Robinson Vines Grapes & Wines pg 183 Mitchell Beazley 1986 ISBN 1-85732-999-6
  2. ^ Rutherglen Muscat Classification — Solera system
  3. ^ Researchers Develop White Wine with Cholesterol-Lowering Benefits. Solera is a process for aging liquids such as Wine, Vinegar, and Brandy, by fractional blending in such a way that the finished product is mixture Science Daily (2001-04-13). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Retrieved on 2007-03-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
  4. ^ Serbian Wine Route

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