Salle des illustres, ceiling painting, by Jean André Rixens. Le Capitole, Toulouse, France. Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest

Jataka tales from the Ajanta caves, c. The Jātaka Tales ( Sanskrit जातक and Pali, Malay: jetaka Lao: satok refer to a voluminous body of Folklore -like literature 200 BCE - 600 CE

A mural is a painting on a wall, ceiling, or other large permanent surface. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e

Murals of sorts, date to prehistoric times, such as the paintings on the Caves of Lascaux in southern France, but the term became famous with the Mexican "muralista" art movement (Diego Rivera, David Siqueiros, or José Orozco). Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" Lascaux is the setting of a complex of Caves in southwestern France famous for its prehistoric Cave paintings The original caves are located near This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Diego Rivera (December 8 1886 &ndash November 24 1957 was born Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez José David Alfaro Siqueiros ( December 29, 1896 in Camargo, Chihuahua, Mexico - January 6, 1974 in Cuernavaca José Clemente Orozco ( November 23, 1883 &ndash September 7, 1949) was a Mexican social realist painter, who There are many different styles and techniques. The best-known is probably fresco, which uses water soluble paints with a damp lime wash, a rapid use of the resulting mixture over a large surface, and often in parts (but with a sense of the whole). Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or The colors lighten as they dry.

Murals today are painted in a variety of ways, using oil or water based media. The styles can vary from abstract to trompe-l'œil (a French term for "fool" or "trick the eye"). Trompe-l'œil, which can also be spelled without the hyphen in English ( French: "trick the eye" tʁɔ̃p lœj is an Art technique involving extremely Today, the beauty of a wall mural has become much more widely available with a technique whereby a painting or photographic image is transferred to poster paper which is then pasted to a wall surface.

Significance of murals

Mural at the American British Cowdray Hospital in México D. F. by Veronica Ruiz de Velasco in 1989. Veronica Ruiz de Velasco (born in México DF) is a Neo-figurative painter of Mexican origin living in the United States.

Murals are important in that they bring art into the public sphere. Due to the size, cost, and work involved in creating a mural, muralists must often be commissioned by a sponsor. Often it is the local government or a business, but many murals have been paid for with grants. For artists, their work gets a wide audience that otherwise might not set foot in an art gallery. For the city, it gets beautified by a work of art. Murals exist where people live and work and affect their daily lives.

Murals are a relatively effective tool of social emancipation or achieving a political goal. Murals have sometimes been created against the law or have been commissioned by local bars and coffeeshops. Often, the visual effects are an enticement to attract public attention to social issues.

World famous are the murals in Mexico, New York, Philadelphia, Belfast, Derry, Los Angeles and in India. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [1] which have functioned as an important means of communication for members of socially, ethnically and racially divided communities in times of conflict. They also proved to be an effective tool in establishing a dialogue and hence solving the cleavage in the long run. State-sponsored public art expressions, particularly murals, are often used by totalitarian regimes as a tool of mass-control and propaganda. Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a concept used to describe Political systems where a State regulates nearly every aspect of public and private However, despite the propagandist character of that works, some of them still have an artistic value.

Murals and politics

A republican mural by the Bogside Artists in Derry's Bogside, depicting Bernadette Devlin McAliskey. Irish republicanism (Poblachtánachas is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a single independent Republic The Bogside Artists are a trio of Mural painters from Derry, Northern Ireland, consisting of Tom Kelly his brother William Kelly and Kevin Hasson (b The Bogside is a neighbourhood outside the city walls of Derry, Northern Ireland. Josephine Bernadette Devlin McAliskey (born 23 April 1947, in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland) also known as Bernadette Devlin

Although the murals more often than not represent violence or intolerance, they are renowned for their professional nature and the notable level of skill of the artists creating them.

Northern Ireland contains arguably the most famous political murals. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Many murals serve as a public service announcement of a special interest, notably for political topics such as sex, sexual orientation, religion and intolerance. Almost 2,000 murals have been documented in Northern Ireland since the 1970s. (See Northern Irish murals. Northern Irish murals have become symbols of Northern Ireland, depicting the region's past and present divisions )

The World Wall: A Vision of the Future Without Fear traveled to Mexico City in 2006 and was exhibited in the Museo de la Cuidad. The series of eight panels were painted in the U. S, Finland, Russia, Palestine, Israel, and Mexico. Organized by Judy Baca, muralist and an artistic director in Venice, California, artists around the world were asked to envision the moment of change in their country and a future without fear. Judith Francisca Baca (born September 25, American]] [[artist]] [[Activism|activist]] and [[University of California Los Angeles]] [[professor]] of [[fine art]]s Each artist and their teams responded with these works produced over a 10-year period. Four works were led by Judy Baca on different aspects of the transformation of a society to peace. Judith Francisca Baca (born September 25, American]] [[artist]] [[Activism|activist]] and [[University of California Los Angeles]] [[professor]] of [[fine art]]s Works are in progress in Canada, and Cuba with others planned for Africa, Ireland and other countries. the work is currently on display in Mexico City with the collaborative work of two women artists from Mexico City.

Mural by Santiago Martinez Delgado, Main room at the Colombian Congress Building. Santiago Martínez Delgado (1906 - 1954 was a Colombian painter sculptor Art historian and writer

During the 1930s and '40s Colombia was in the middle of a dispute between the conservative and liberal parties. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Tensions were high due to the strong communist force influence of the Soviet Union. So in 1948 the Colombian Government hosted the IX Pan-American Conference to establish the Marshall plan for the Americas. The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger The director of the OEA and the Colombian government commissioned Master Santiago Martinez Delgado, to paint a mural in the Colombian congress building to commemorate the event. Santiago Martínez Delgado (1906 - 1954 was a Colombian painter sculptor Art historian and writer Martinez decided to make it about the Cucuta Congress, and painted Bolivar in front of Santander, making liberals upset; so, due to the murder of Jorge Elieser Gaitan the mobs of el bogotazo tried to burn the capitol, but the Colombian Army stopped them. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash El Bogotazo (from "Bogotá" and the ''-azo'' suffix of violent augmentation refers to the massive riots that followed the assassination in Bogotá, Years latter, in the 1980s, with liberals in charge of the congress, they passed a resolution to turn the whole chamber in the Elliptic Room 90 degrees to put the main mural on the side and commissioned Alejandro Obregon to paint a non-partisan mural in the surrealist style. Daniel Alberto Alejandro María de la Santísima Trinidad Obregón Roses most commonly known as Alejandro Obregón ( June 4, 1920 Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members

Unique murals

The Bardia Mural, photographed in the 1960s, prior to its damage by defacement and the ravages of time. The Bardia Mural was created in a building on a clifftop overlooking the bay in Bardia Libya during World War II by John Frederick Brill just prior to his death at the

Unique murals are found around the world. An example of such a mural is to be found covering a wall in an old building, once a prison, at the top of a cliff in a place known locally as Bardiyah, in Libya. Signed by the artist on April 1942, weeks before the his death on the first day of the First Battle of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein 1&ndash27 July 1942 was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of World War II, fought between Axis forces commanded It is known as the Bardia Mural, and was created by Private John Frederick Brill. The Bardia Mural was created in a building on a clifftop overlooking the bay in Bardia Libya during World War II by John Frederick Brill just prior to his death at the On 1 July 1942, the Axis launched an attack with the target being the capture of Alexandria, which was to become known as the First battle of El Alamein ^[1]

The largest indoor mural measures 1,002 m² (9,731 ft²) and was painted by six artists in 7 days from February 27, 2005 at Shyam Vatika, Saraswati Estate, Cimmco Tiraha, Gwalior, India. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India The painting was co-ordinated by a professional mural artist (Aasutosh Panigrahi) and the owner of the place R P Maheshwary and Ankur Maheshwary. The six artists led by Aasutosh Panigrahi broke a previously held Australian record. The previous largest indoor mural measured 727. 52 m² (7,830. 96 ft²) and was located at Youth Club, Bernie, Tasmania, Australia on 30 June 2004. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

The art features on all interior walls and ceilings of a privately owned auditorium, Shyam Vatika, which is used for banquet purposes. The art was purposefully done to break a previously held record. In August 2005 the art was appraised by Guinness World Records as the "World's Largest Indoor Mural". Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U

The Indian state Kerala has exclusive murals. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; A mural is a Painting on a wall ceiling or other large permanent surface These Kerala mural painting are spread on walls of hindu temples. Kerala mural paintings are the Frescos depicting Mythology and legends which are drawn on the walls of temples and churches in South India, principally A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites They can be dated from 9th century CE.

Famous muralists

A mural in Havana, Cuba

Northern Wei Chinese wall murals and painted figurines, Yungang Grottoes, 5th to 6th centuries. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 Pinyin: běi wèi 386 - 534) also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓拔魏 Later Wei (後魏 or China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Yungang Grottoes ( are ancient Buddhist temple grottoes near the city of Datong in the Chinese province of Shanxi.

Tile Mural

Framed Tile Mural

A Tile Mural is an arrangement of decorative tiles, that are either dye-sublimated, hand-painted, or kiln-fired and used as a decorative accessory. Carlos Almaraz ( October 5, 1941 - December 11, 1989) was a Mexican-American artist and an early proponent of the Chicano Judith Francisca Baca (born September 25, American]] [[artist]] [[Activism|activist]] and [[University of California Los Angeles]] [[professor]] of [[fine art]]s Arnold Belkin ( December 9, 1930 in Calgary, Alberta &ndash July 3, 1992 in Mexico City, Distrito Federal Thomas Hart Benton ( April 15, 1889 - January 19, 1975) was an American painter and Muralist. Paul Cadmus ( December 17, 1904 - December 12, 1999) was an artist born in New York City. Robert Dafford (born May 14, 1951) is an American Muralist. Life and work Robert Dafford is a native and current resident Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer Alasdair Gray (born 28 December 1934 is a Scottish writer and Artist. Richard John Haas (born August 29, 1936 in Spring Green Wisconsin) is an American muralist who is best known for architectural John A Mallin was a Mural and fresco painter in the Chicago area in the 20th century Andrea Mantegna (c 1431 &ndash September 13, 1506) was an Italian Renaissance artist a student of Roman Archeology, and son in law of Peter Max (born Peter Max Finkelstein, October 19, 1937) is a German -born American artist best known for his iconic posters in Santiago Martínez Delgado (1906 - 1954 was a Colombian painter sculptor Art historian and writer Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all Claude Monet ( French klod mɔnɛ also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (14 November 1840 &ndash 5 December 1926 was a founder Roberto Montenegro Nervo ( February 19, 1887 in Guadalajara - October 13, 1968 in Mexico City) was a Mexican Juan O'Gorman ( July 6, 1905 &ndash January 17, 1982) was a Mexican painter and Architect. José Clemente Orozco ( November 23, 1883 &ndash September 7, 1949) was a Mexican social realist painter, who Aarón Piña Mora (Born 1918 is a Mexican painter and muralist Young Conrad Schmitt was twelve years old when his family’s church in Fussville Wisconsin was decorated for the first time in 1879 Diego Rivera (December 8 1886 &ndash November 24 1957 was born Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez Raphael Sanzio, usually known by his first name alone (in Italian Raffaello) (April 6 or March 28 1483 – April 6 1520 was an Italian painter and José David Alfaro Siqueiros ( December 29, 1896 in Camargo, Chihuahua, Mexico - January 6, 1974 in Cuernavaca Frank Stella (born May 12, 1936) is an American painter and Printmaker. Rufino Tamayo ( August 25, 1899 &ndash June 24, 1991) was a Zapotecan Indian Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian Alton Stanley Tobey ( 5 November 1914 - 4 January 2005) the American artist was a painter, Historical artist Kent Twitchell (born 1942, Lansing Michigan) is an American Muralist who is most active in Los Angeles. Sr Lucia Wiley (1902-1998 a noted WPA Muralist and painter. Robert Wyland (born 1956 in Detroit Michigan) known simply as Wyland, is an artist best known for painting large outdoor Murals of Whales Cro-Magnon ( French) is one of the main types of Homo sapiens of the European Upper Paleolithic, living approximately 40000 to 10000 years Kevin Stewart-Magee born September 10, 1957 in Iran raised in Ohio, USA A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as Ceramic, stone, metal or even Glass. A dye-sublimation printer (or dye-sub printer) is a Computer printer which employs a printing process that uses heat to transfer dye to a medium such as a plastic Kilns are thermally insulated chambers or Ovens in which controlled temperature regimes are produced NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** Tile Murals, are traditionally available professionally framed and ready for display, or as loose tiles to install for permanent enjoyment in the home or commercial environment. A home is a place of Residence or Refuge. It is usually a place where an individual or a family can rest in and be able to store Personal property. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer The subject matter often includes classical fine art from renowned artists, contemporary motifs, sports and holiday themes, and custom images which one can upload from his or her computer. Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. To download is to receive data from a remote or central system such as a Webserver, FTP server, mail server or other similar systems Tile murals have gained wide popularity in recent years, from home décor enthusiasts and interior decorators.

Portugal is the country in the world where tile murals are more common. From traditional to modern tile decorations one can find them everywhere - from palaces and churches to shopping centres and the tube.

Materials

A tile mural can be produced from a variety of tiles, depending on the look that the manufacturer desires to achieve. Most notably, ceramic tile is preferred among many because it is uniform, light-weight, relatively inexpensive and easily procured. The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεραμικός ( keramikos) Also in high demand is tumbled marble tile, which lends itself to a more distressed, old-fashioned and rustic look. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Many prefer tumbled marble for their tile mural over other materials, because of its attractive veining and characteristic fissures which is inherent in natural stone. Others also choose tumbled marble because of its weight; since it is the heaviest of materials used in producing tile murals, it has the highest perceived value. Because today’s homes incorporate so many possibilities when it comes to construction materials, many manufacturers also offer porcelain, glass and travertine tiles. Porcelain is a Ceramic material made by heating raw materials generally including Clay in the form of Kaolin, in a Kiln to temperatures Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Travertine is a Sedimentary rock. It is a natural chemical precipitate of Carbonate minerals; typically Aragonite, but often recrystallized to

Sizes

Ceramic tiles are commonly available in 4. 25” and 6”. Likewise, tumbled marble tiles also come in 4” and 6” sizes. Many manufacturers offer custom sizes. Overall dimensions for tile murals vary depending on the manufacturer, its resources and the image which is to be transferred. If the image is in vector format, which for example, is typically the case with officially licensed sports logos, a tile mural can be produced in any size with optimal results and no distortion in the mural’s resolution. Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points lines, Curves and shapes or Polygon (s which are all based The verb license or grant license means to give permission The noun license is the document demonstrating that permission Image resolution describes the detail an Image holds The term applies equally to Digital images film images and other types of images The size of a tile mural, however, typically depends on the environment in which it will be placed. For instance, a tile mural which will be installed in a kitchen backsplash behind a cooking range usually does not exceed the size of the range itself, normally 36” in width.

Finishes

A gloss finish can be applied to a tile mural which is desired to look vivid, contemporary and new. Gloss finishes usually pick up highlights and reflections. A satin finish is used if a consumer wishes his or her tile mural to look contemporary, without picking up highlights and reflections. Matte finishes are generally applied to tumbled marble tiles in order to retain the weathered effect of the tile mural.

Installation

Tile murals can be installed almost anywhere, historically however, the kitchen backsplash, bath enclosure, wine cellar, spa and cabana have been favored locations. Installation of a tile mural is relatively simple, though many home and business owners prefer to hire a professional to do the job quickly and seamlessly. The use of sand-less grout has also been integral in preventing a tile mural being scratched during installation. Grout is a Construction material used to embed Rebars in Masonry walls connect sections of pre-cast Concrete, fill voids and seal joints (like A commercial grade sealer is also recommended during installation.

Maintenance

Depending on the application, a tile mural occasionally needs maintenance. The use of a non-abrasive household cleaning agent along with a soft, cotton cloth is preferred to clean it. Any agent which contains abrasive chemicals may permanently damage the tile mural. Tumbled marble tiles require extra precaution because of their high porosity. Applying a sealer once every 24 months is recommended.

Deco Tiles

Deco tiles, also known as accent tiles, are individual tiles which are designed to match and complement the motif of a particular tile mural. These are often installed strategically within the balance of tile in a kitchen backsplash or shower enclosure and to expand the focal point of interest.

See also

• Bogside Artists
• Murals of Kerala, India
• Graffiti
• Public art
• Propaganda
• Socialist realism
• Tiled printing
• Anamorphosis
• Trompe-l'œil
• Brixton murals

Further reading

• Oona Woods (1995). The Bogside Artists are a trio of Mural painters from Derry, Northern Ireland, consisting of Tom Kelly his brother William Kelly and Kevin Hasson (b Kerala mural paintings are the Frescos depicting Mythology and legends which are drawn on the walls of temples and churches in South India, principally Graffiti (singular graffito; the plural is used as a Mass noun) is the name for images or lettering scratched scrawled painted or marked in any manner on property The term public art properly refers to works of Art in any media that has been planned and executed with the specific intention of being sited Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Socialist realism is a teleologically -oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of Socialism and Communism Tiled printing, sometimes known as Rasterbating, is a feature of many Computer programs that enables them to print images larger than a standard page Anamorphosis is a distorted projection or perspective requiring the viewer to use special devices or occupy a specific vantage point to reconstitute the image Trompe-l'œil, which can also be spelled without the hyphen in English ( French: "trick the eye" tʁɔ̃p lœj is an Art technique involving extremely The Brixton murals are a series of Murals by local artists in the Brixton area in London, UK. Seeing is Believing? Murals in Derry. Guildhall: Printing Press. ISBN 0-946451-31-1.  
• E. Clive Rouse (1996). Edward Clive Rouse MBE (born Stroud, Gloucestershire, 15 October 1901, died Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, Mediaeval Wall Paintings. Guildhall: Shire Publications. ISBN 0-747801-44-4.  

References

External links

• History of Mural Painting Including Photos
• Descriptions of many murals
• How to prepare a mural wall and protect the mural
• Political Wall Murals in Northern Ireland
• Troubles Gallery a BBC website of murals in Northern Ireland.
• Calpams
• murals.trompe-l-oeil.info French and European gate of murals: 10 000 pictures and 1100 murals
• Temple Mural Paintings of Tamilnadu
• The National Society of Mural Painters (USA; founded 1895)
• Helpful Articles About Tile Murals
• International Index of Modern Muralism
• Global Murals Conference 2006 at Prestoungrange
• Murals and anamorphosis, site with over five hundred photos