München Munich
Coat of arms	Location
Details
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Bavaria
Admin. region	Upper Bavaria
District	Urban district
City subdivisions	25 boroughs
Lord Mayor	Christian Ude (SPD)
Governing parties	SPD / Greens / Rosa Liste München
Basic statistics
Area	310. The Monk As the German name for Munich ie München means "of Monks", the Monk in this case is a self-explanatory symbol who represents the city Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the south of Bavaria around the city of Munich German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich (München is divided into 25 Boroughs The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition Christian Ude (born October 26, 1947 in Munich) is the current Mayor of Munich. This is a list of political parties in Germany. Germany has a Multi-party system with two large parties three substantial smaller parties and a number of minor The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 43 km² (119. 9 sq mi)
Elevation	519 m  (1703 ft)
Population	1,294,608  (31/12/2006)[1]
- Density	4,170 /km² (10,801 /sq mi)
- Urban	~2,600,000
- Metro	~6,000,000
Founded	1158
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	M
Postal codes	80331–81929
Area code	089
Website	www.muenchen.de Coordinates: 48°8′0″N 11°34′0″E / 48.13333, 11.56667

Munich (German: München, pronounced [ˈmʏnçən] listen (help·info); Austro-Bavarian: Minga^[2]) is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Austro-Bavarian or Bavarian is a major group of Upper German varieties. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Munich is not the only location within Bavaria known as "München", three locations exist. The one which is known as "Munich", another which is northeast of the city of Nuremberg, and also a town north of the city of Passau. Passau ( Latin: Batavis or Batavia, also Passavium; Italian: Passavia; Czech: Pasov) is a town in ^[3] Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. The Isar is a river in Tirol, Austria and Bavaria, Germany. Its source is in the Karwendel range of the Alps in Tirol The Northern Limestone Alps ( German: Nördliche Kalkalpen) are the ranges of the Eastern Alps north of the Central Eastern Alps located

Munich is the third largest city in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Ahead of it are Berlin in first place and Hamburg in second. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany There are approximately 1. 35 million inhabitants within Munich. ^[4]

The city's motto is "München mag dich" ("Munich loves you"). A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Its native name, München, is derived from the Old German word for Mönche, which means "Monks" in English. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective This is the reason for the monk on the city's coat-of-arms. The Monk As the German name for Munich ie München means "of Monks", the Monk in this case is a self-explanatory symbol who represents the city Black and gold - the colours of the Holy Roman Empire - have been the city's official colours since the time of Ludwig the Bavarian. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Louis IV ( 1 April[[ 282]] &ndash 11 October 1347) called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the Duke of Bavaria

Geography

Munich lies on the elevated plains of Upper Bavaria, about 50 km north of the northern edge of the Alps, at an altitude of about 520 m. Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the south of Bavaria around the city of Munich The local rivers are the Isar and the Würm. The Isar is a river in Tirol, Austria and Bavaria, Germany. Its source is in the Karwendel range of the Alps in Tirol For the glaciaton see Würm glaciation. The Würm is a River in Bavaria, Germany, right tributary of the Munich is situated in the Northern Alpine Foreland. The region between the current leading edge of the Glacier and the Moraines of latest maximum is called glacier foreland or glacier forefield. The northern part of this sandy plateau includes a highly fertile flint area which is no longer affected by the folding processes found in the Alps, while the southern part is covered by morainic hills. Flint (or flintstone) is a hard sedimentary Cryptocrystalline form of the Mineral Quartz, categorized as a variety of Chert See also Folding The term fold is used in Geology when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces such as Sedimentary Moraine refers to any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions such as those In between there are fields of fluvio-glacial out-wash, like around Munich. Fluvio-glacial is the Water created by the melting of Glaciers It literally means "Water Glacier Wherever these deposits get thinner, the ground water can permeate the gravel surface and flood the area, leading to marshes as in the north of Munich. Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject

Climate

Munich has a continental climate, strongly modified by the proximity of the Alps. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year The city's altitude and proximity to the northern edge of the Alps mean that precipitation is rather high. Rain storms often come violently and unexpectedly. The range of temperature between day and night or summer and winter can be extreme. A warm downwind from the Alps (a föhn wind) can change the temperatures completely within a few hours, even in the winter. A foehn wind or föhn wind is a type of dry downslope wind which occurs in the lee of a mountain range

Winters last from December to March. Munich experiences rather cold winters, but heavy rainfall is rarely seen in the winter. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of −2 °C (30 °F). Snow cover is seen for at least a couple of weeks during winter. Summers in Munich city are fairly warm with average temperature of 19 °C (70 °F) in the hottest month of July. The summers last from May until September.

Demographics

Main article: Population Growth of Munich

Munich: St. This article contains the Population Growth of Munich via tables and graphs Lukas and River Isar.

In July 2007, Munich had 1. 34 million inhabitants, 300,129 of whom did not hold German citizenship. German citizenship is based primarily on the principle of Jus sanguinis. The city has strong Turkish and Balkan communities. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The largest groups of foreign nationals were Turks (43,309), Albanians (30,385), Croats (24,866), Serbs (24,439), Greeks (22,486), Austrians (21,411), and Italians (20,847). The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language } Albanians (Shqiptarët are an Ethnic group and a Nation, in the sense of sharing a common Albanian culture speaking the Albanian language Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Austrians (Österreicher are a nation and an ethnic group originating from the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states ( March of Austria, The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging 37% of foreign nationals come from the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

With only 24,000 inhabitants in 1700, the population has doubled roughly every 30 years. For example, it had 100,000 people in 1852 and then 250,000 people in 1883; by 1901, the figure had doubled again to 500,000. Since then, Munich has become Germany's third largest city. In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted and in 1957, Munich's population passed the 1 million mark.

39. 5% of inhabitants are Roman Catholic and 14. 2% Protestant (as of December 31 2005). Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.

History

Main article: History of Munich

Munich city coat of arms. Origin The year 1158 is assumed to be the foundation date of Munich, which is only the earliest date the city is mentioned in a document The Monk As the German name for Munich ie München means "of Monks", the Monk in this case is a self-explanatory symbol who represents the city

Origin and Middle Ages

The year 1158 is assumed to be the foundation date, which is only the earliest date the city is mentioned in a document. The document was signed in Augsburg ^[6]. Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria. By that time the Guelph Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, had built a bridge over the river Isar next to a settlement of Benedictine monks - this was on the Salt Route and a toll bridge. See also Elder House of Welf The House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European Dynasty that has included many German and British Henry the Lion ( German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129 &ndash 6 August 1195) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Duke of Saxony The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria. Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective

Almost two decades later in 1175 Munich was officially granted city status and received fortification. In 1180, with the trial of Henry the Lion, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria and Munich was handed over to the Bishop of Freising. Not to be confused with Duke Otto I 976-982 Duke of Bavaria (as Otto I Otto's heirs, the Wittlesbach dynasty would rule Bavaria until 1918. The Wittelsbach family is a European Royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. In 1240 Munich itself was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, when the Duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Munich became the ducal residence of Upper Bavaria. Not to be confused with Duke Otto II 1061-1070 Duke of Bavaria (as Otto II. Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the south of Bavaria around the city of Munich

Duke Louis IV was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. Louis IV ( 1 April[[ 282]] &ndash 11 October 1347) called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the Duke of Bavaria The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states He strengthened the city's position by granting it the salt monopoly, thus assuring it of additional income. In the late 15th century Munich underwent a revival of gothic arts - the Old Town Hall was enlarged, and a new cathedral - the Frauenkirche - constructed within only twenty years, starting in 1468. This article is about Gothic art See also Gothic architecture Gothic art was a Medieval art movement that lasted about 200 The Frauenkirche (full name Dom zu unserer lieben Frau, "Cathedral of Our Blessed Lady" is the largest church in the Bavarian capital of

Capital of reunited Bavaria

Marienplatz, Munich about 1650. Marienplatz ( en: Mary's Square is a central square in the city center of Munich, Germany since 1158

Banners with the colors of Bavaria (right) and Munich (left) with the Frauenkirche in the background. The Frauenkirche (full name Dom zu unserer lieben Frau, "Cathedral of Our Blessed Lady" is the largest church in the Bavarian capital of

When Bavaria was reunited in 1506 Munich became capital of the whole of Bavaria. The arts and politics became increasingly influenced by the court (see Orlando di Lasso, Heinrich Schuetz and later Mozart and Richard Wagner). Orlande de Lassus (also Orlandus Lassus, Orlando di Lasso, Roland de Lassus, or Roland Delattre) (1532 (possibly 1530 &ndash June Heinrich Schütz (October 8 ( JC) 1585 Köstritz - November 6 1672 Dresden) was a German Composer and organist, generally regarded During the 16th century Munich was a center of the German counter reformation, and also of renaissance arts. The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Duke Wilhelm V commissioned the Jesuit Michaelskirche, which became a center for the counter-reformation, and also built the Hofbräuhaus for brewing brown beer in 1589. William V Duke of Bavaria ( 29 September 1548 - 7 February 1626) called the Pious, (German Wilhelm V The former Jesuit church of St Michael in Munich is the largest Renaissance church north of the Alps The Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München (literally state court-brewery in Munich, also Hofbräu München) is a Brewery in Munich, Bavaria The Catholic League was founded in Munich in 1609. Background In 1555 the Peace of Augsburg was signed which confirmed the result of the First Diet of Speyer (1526 and ended the violence between the Lutherans In 1623 during the Thirty Years' War Munich became electoral residence when Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria was invested with the electoral dignity but in 1632 the city was occupied by Gustav II Adolph of Sweden. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Not to be confused with King Maximilian I of Bavaria (1756-1825 prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden When the bubonic plague broke out in 1634 and 1635 about one third of the population died. Bubonic plague is the best-known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis (formerly known as Under the regency of the Bavarian electors Munich was an important center of baroque life but also had to suffer under Habsburg occupations in 1704 and 1742.

Munich was the capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria until its collapse in 1918. Berlin became the capital of the German Empire in 1871 until 1918. Berlin remained the capital of the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. Bonn was the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany until German reunification 1990 when Berlin once again became the capital. Munich is the capital city of the Free State of Bavaria.

World War I to World War II

Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All During French air raids in 1916 three bombs fell on Munich. After World War I, the city was at the centre of much political unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of revolution, Ludwig III and his family fled the city. Ludwig III ( Ludwig Luitpold Josef Maria Aloys Alfried; English: Louis Leopold Joseph Mary Aloysius Alfred) ( January 7, 1845 After the murder of the first republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco-Valley, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. This is a list of the men who have served in the capacity of Minister President or equivalent office in Bavaria from the mid-18th century to the present Bavaria under Kurt Eisner ( May 14 1867 in Berlin – February 21, 1919 in München)was a Bavarian Politician Anton von Padua Alfred Emil Hubert Georg Graf von Arco auf Valley ( 5 February 1897 – 29 June 1945) commonly known as Anton Arco-Valley German The Bavarian Soviet Republic, also known as the Munich Soviet Republic ( German: Bayerische Räterepublik or Münchner Räterepublik) was When Communists had taken power, Lenin, who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was put down on 3 May 1919 by the Freikorps. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The designation of Freikorps ( German for "Free Corps " was originally applied to voluntary armies formed in German lands from the middle of 18th century While the republican government had been restored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of right-wing politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the National Socialism rose to prominence. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German

Bombing damage to the Altstadt. Note the roofless and pockmarked Altes Rathaus looking up the Tal. The roofless Heilig-Geist-Kirche is on the right of the photo. Its spire, without the copper top, is behind the church. The Talbruck gate tower is missing completely.

In 1923 Hitler and his supporters, who at that time were concentrated in Munich, staged the Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. The Beer Hall Putsch (also known as the Munich Putsch) was a failed Coup d'état that occurred between the evening of Thursday November 8 The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknown outside Munich. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945

The city would once again become a Nazi stronghold when the National Socialists took power in Germany in 1933. The National Socialist Workers Party created the first concentration camp at Dachau, 10 miles (16 km) north-west of the city. Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial Dachau was a Nazi German Concentration camp, and the first one opened in Germany located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions Factory near the Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the Hauptstadt der Bewegung ("Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters were in Munich and many Führerbauten ("Führer-buildings") were built around the Königsplatz, some of which have survived to this day. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The square was designed at the command of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria by Karl von Fischer and laid out by Leo von Klenze

The city is known as the site of the culmination of the policy of appeasement employed by Britain and France leading up to World War II. It was in Munich that British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland region into Greater Germany in the hopes of sating the desires of Hitler's Third Reich.

Munich was the base of the White Rose, a group of students that formed a resistance movement from June 1942 to February 1943. Also see Die weiße Rose (opera and Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage The White Rose (die Weiße Rose was a non-violent A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups dedicated to fighting an Invader in an occupied country or the government of a sovereign nation The core members were arrested and executed following a distribution of leaflets in Munich University by Hans and Sophie Scholl. The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more Also see Die weiße Rose (opera and Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage The White Rose (die Weiße Rose was a non-violent

The city was very heavily damaged by allied bombing during World War II - the city was hit by 71 air raids over a period of six years. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Postwar Munich

After American occupation in 1945, Munich was completely rebuilt following a meticulous and - by comparison to other war-ravaged West German cities - rather conservative plan which preserved its pre-war street grid. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In 1957 Munich's population passed the 1 million mark.

Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics, during which Israeli athletes were assassinated by Palestinian terrorists in the Munich massacre, when terrorist gunmen from the Palestinian "Black September" group took hostage members of the Israeli Olympic team. The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Munich, in what was For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken The Black September Organization (منظمة أيلول الأسود munazzamat aylul al-aswad) was a Palestinian militant group founded in 1970

BMW Welt

The majority of residents of Munich enjoy a high quality of life. BMW Welt ( English - BMW World) is a multi-functional customer experience and exhibition facility of the BMW Group, located in Munich, Mercer HR Consulting consistently rates the city among the top 10 cities with highest quality of life worldwide - a 2007 survey ranked Munich as 8^th. ^[7] The same company also ranks Munich as the world's 39^th most expensive city to live in and the most expensive major city in Germany. ^[8] Munich enjoys a thriving economy, driven by the information technology, biotechnology, and publishing sectors. Environmental pollution is comparatively low, although as of 2006 the city council is concerned about levels of particulate matter (PM), especially along the city's major thoroughfares. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas Since the enactment of EU legislation concerning the concentration of particulate in the air, environmental groups such as Greenpeace have staged large protest rallies to urge the city council and the State government to take a harder stance on pollution. Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1972

Today, the crime rate is very low compared to other large German cities, such as Hamburg or Berlin. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. ^[9] This high quality of life and safety has caused the city to be nicknamed "Millionendorf", a mildly derogatory expression which means "village of a million people".

Politics

Results of the elections for the city council 2008

Munich's current mayor is Christian Ude of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Christian Ude (born October 26, 1947 in Munich) is the current Mayor of Munich. Munich has a nearly unbroken history of SPD governments since World War II, which is remarkable because the rest of Bavaria is a conservative stronghold, with the Christian Social Union winning absolute majorities among the Bavarian electorate in many elections at the communal, state, and federal levels. An absolute majority or majority of the entire membership (in American English, a Supermajority Voting requirement is a Voting basis

As capital of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich is an important political centre in Germany and the seat of the Bavarian State Parliament, the Staatskanzlei (the State Chancellery) and of all state departments. The Landtag of Bavaria is the Unicameral legislature of the state of Bavaria in Germany.

Several national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the German Tax Court and the European Patent Office. The Federal Finance Court ( Bundesfinanzhof) is one of the five federal supreme courts of Germany. The European Patent Office (EPO is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg the other being the Administrative Council.

Subdivisions

Main article: Boroughs of Munich

Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich is divided into 25 boroughs or Stadtbezirke. Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich (München is divided into 25 Boroughs Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice

Architecture

Main article: Architecture of Munich

New Town Hall steeple with Marian column

The inner city

At the centre of the city is the Marienplatz - a large open square named after the Mariensäule (erected in gratefulness for deliveration from the plague), a Marian column in its centre - with the Old and the New Town Hall. Marienplatz and Stachus At the center of the city is the Marienplatz - a large open square named after the Mariensäule a Marian column in its centre Marian columns are religious monuments built in honour of the Virgin Mary, often in thanksgiving for the ending of a plague or for some other help Marienplatz ( en: Mary's Square is a central square in the city center of Munich, Germany since 1158 Marian columns are religious monuments built in honour of the Virgin Mary, often in thanksgiving for the ending of a plague or for some other help Its tower contains the Rathaus-Glockenspiel. The Rathaus-Glockenspiel of Munich is a tourist attraction in Marienplatz the heart of Munich. Three gates of the demolished medieval fortification have survived to this day - the Isartor in the east, the Sendlinger Tor in the south and the Karlstor in the west of the inner city. The Karlstor (destroyed during the Second World War and rebuilt afterwards) leads up to the Stachus, a grand square dominated by the Justizpalast (Palace of Justice) and a fountain. Stachus is a large square in central Munich and named officially Karlsplatz in 1797 after the unpopular Karl Theodor Elector of Bavaria.

The Theatinerkirche

The Peterskirche close to Marienplatz is the oldest church of the inner city. St Peter (Catholic is the oldest church in the inner city of Munich. It was first built during the Romanesque period, and was the focus of the early monastic settlement in Munich before the city's official foundation in 1158. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which Nearby St. Peter the Gothic hall-church Heiliggeistkirche (The Church of the Holy Spirit) was converted to baroque style from 1724 onwards and looks down upon the Viktualienmarkt, the most popular market of Munich. The Viktualienmarkt is a daily food market and a square in the center of Munich, Germany.

The Frauenkirche is the most famous building in the city centre and serves as cathedral for the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. The Frauenkirche (full name Dom zu unserer lieben Frau, "Cathedral of Our Blessed Lady" is the largest church in the Bavarian capital of This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral The nearby Michaelskirche is the largest renaissance church north of the Alps, while the Theatinerkirche is a basilica in Italianate high baroque which had a major influence on Southern German baroque architecture. The former Jesuit church of St Michael in Munich is the largest Renaissance church north of the Alps The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Catholic Theatine Church St Cajetan ( Theatinerkirche St Kajetan) in Munich was built from 1663 to 1690, it was founded The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Its dome dominates the Odeonsplatz. Other baroque churches in the inner city which are worth a detour are the Bürgersaalkirche, the Dreifaltigkeitskirche, the St. Anna Damenstiftskirche and St. Anna im Lehel, the first rococo church in Bavaria. Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and Interior design. The Asamkirche was endowed and built by the Brothers Asam, pioneering artists of the rococo period. Munich 's Catholic Church of St Johann Nepomuk, better known as the Asam Church, was built from 1733 to 1746 by the brothers Egid Quirin Cosmas Damian Asam ( September 29 1686 &ndash May 10 1739) was born in Benediktbeuern.

The large Residenz palace complex (begun in 1385) on the edge of Munich's Old Town ranks among Europe's most significant museums of interior decoration. Having undergone several extensions, it contains also the treasury and the splendid rococo Cuvilliés Theatre. Schatzkammer in German translates as Treasury (Chamber/Vault. The Cuvilliés Theatre (Cuvilliés-Theater or Old Residence Theatre ( Altes Residenztheater) of the Residence in Munich was built from 1751 Next door to the Residenz the neo-classical opera, the National Theatre was erected. Nationaltheater München ( National Theatre Munich) on Max-Joseph-Platz is an Opera house and the home base of the Bayerische Staatsoper

The royal avenues and squares

Munich, Ludwigstraße

Four grand royal avenues of the 19th century with magnificent official buildings connect Munich's inner city with the suburbs:

The neoclassical Briennerstraße, starting at Odeonsplatz on the northern fringe of the Old Town close to the Residenz, runs from east to west and opens into the impressive Königsplatz, designed with the "Doric" Propyläen, the "Ionic" Glyptothek and the "Corinthian" State Museum of Classical Art, on its back side St. Boniface's Abbey was erected. The Neoclassical Brienner Straße in Munich is one of four royal avenues and was constructed in line with a draft of Karl von Fischer under the reign The square was designed at the command of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria by Karl von Fischer and laid out by Leo von Klenze The Doric order was one of the three '''orders''' or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or Classical architecture; the other two Canonical The Propylaea (German Propyläen) is a gate in Munich at the west side of Koenigsplatz. The Ionic order column forms one of the three '''orders''' or '''organizational systems''' of Classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and The Corinthian order is one of the Classical orders of Greek and Roman Architecture, characterized The Staatliche Antikensammlungen (State Collections of Antiques in the Kunstareal of Munich is a museum for the Bavarian state's antique collections for St Boniface's Abbey ( Abtei St Bonifaz) is a Benedictine monastery in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The area around Königsplatz is home to the Kunstareal, Munich's gallery and museum quarter (as described below). The Kunstareal (“art district” is a Museum quarter in the city centre of Munich, Germany. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany.

Ludwigstraße also begins at Odeonsplatz and runs from south to north, skirting the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, the St. Louis church, the Bavarian State Library and numerous state ministries and palaces. The Ludwigstrasse in Munich is one of the city's four royal avenues The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more The Catholic Parish and University Church St Louis, called Ludwigskirche in Munich is a monolithic church in neo-romanesque style with the largest altar The Bavarian State Library ( German: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, abbreviated BSB) located in Munich, is the central Library of the The southern part of the avenue was constructed in Italian renaissance style while the north is strongly influenced by Italian Romanesque architecture.

Maximilianeum.

The neo-Gothic Maximilianstraße starts at Max-Joseph-Platz, where the Residenz and the National Theatre are situated, and runs from west to east. The Neo-Gothic Maximilianstraße in Munich is one of four royal avenues The avenue is framed by neo-Gothic buildings which house, among others, the Schauspielhaus and the building of the district government of Upper Bavaria and the Museum of Ethnology. The Munich Kammerspiele (German Münchner Kammerspiele is a successful German language theatre in Munich. The Bavarian State Museum of Ethnology (Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde in Munich, Germany was founded in 1868 but its history started much earlier After crossing the river Isar, the avenue circles the Maximilianeum, home of the state parliament. The Maximilianeum, a palatial building in Munich, was built as a home of a gifted students´ foundation and also houses the Bavarian Landtag (state parliament since The Landtag of Bavaria is the Unicameral legislature of the state of Bavaria in Germany. The western portion of Maximilianstrasse is known for its designer shops, luxury boutiques, jewellery stores, and one of Munich's foremost five-star hotels, the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten.

Prinzregentenstraße runs parallel to Maximilianstraße and begins at Prinz-Carl-Palais. The Prinzregentenstraße in Munich is one of four royal avenues and runs parallel to Maximilianstraße and begins at Prinz-Carl-Palais, in the The Prinz Carl Palais in Munich is a mansion built in the style of early Neoclassicism in 1804-1806 Many museums can be found along the avenue, such as the Haus der Kunst, the Bavarian National Museum and the Schackgalerie. The Haus der Kunst (literally House of Art) is an Art Museum in Munich, Germany. The Bavarian National Museum (Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich is one of the most important cultural history museums in Europe The Schackgalerie is a museum in Munich. It is one of the noted galleries in this city The avenue crosses the Isar and circles the Friedensengel monument passing the Villa Stuck and Hitler's old apartment. The Prinzregententheater is at Prinzregentenplatz further to the east. The Prinzregententheater is a theatre and opera house in Munich.

Other boroughs

Nymphenburg.

Highlight Towers

Two large baroque palaces in Nymphenburg and Oberschleißheim are reminders of Bavaria's royal past. Schloss Nymphenburg (Nymphenburg Palace), some 6 km north west of the city centre, is surrounded by an impressive park and is considered to be one of Europe's most beautiful royal residences. The Nymphenburg Palace (Schloss Nymphenburg is a Baroque Palace in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. 2 km north west of Nymphenburg Palace is Schloss Blutenburg (Blutenburg Castle), an old ducal country seat with a late-Gothic palace church. Blutenburg Castle is an old ducal country seat in the west of Munich, Germany at the banks of river Würm. Schloss Fürstenried (Fürstenried Palace), a baroque palace of similar structure to Nymphenburg but of much smaller size, was erected around the same time in the south west of Munich. Fürstenried Palace is a Baroque palace in the southwest of Munich, Germany. The second large baroque residence is Schloss Schleißheim (Schleissheim Palace), located in the suburb of Oberschleissheim, a palace complex encompassing three separate residences: Altes Schloss Schleißheim (the old palace), Neues Schloss Schleißheim (the new palace) and Schloss Lustheim (Lustheim Palace). The Schleissheim Palace ( German: Schloss Schleißheim) comprises actually three palaces in a grand Baroque park in the village of Oberschleißheim Oberschleißheim is a municipality in the district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany. Most parts of the palace complex serve as museums and art galleries. Deutsches Museum's Flugwerft Schleißheim flight exhibition centre is located nearby, on the Schleißheim Special Landing Field. The Deutsches Museum (German Museum in Munich, Germany, is the world's largest Museum of Technology and Science, with approximately

St Michael in Berg am Laim might be the most remarkable church out of the inner city. St Michael in Berg am Laim in Munich was built from 1738 to 1751 by Johann Michael Fischer as Court Church for Prince Archbishop Clemens Most of the boroughs have parish churches which originate from the Middle Ages like the most famous church of pilgrimage in Munich St Mary in Ramersdorf. Saint Mary Ramersdorf (Sankt Maria Ramersdorf in the district Ramersdorf-Perlach of Munich is a parish church and church of pilgrimage The oldest church within the city borders is Heilig Kreuz in Fröttmaning next to the Allianz-Arena, known for its Romanesque fresco.

Uptown Munich

Especially in its suburbs Munich, features a wide and diverse array of modern architecture, although strict culturally sensitive height limitations for buildings have limited the construction of skyscrapers to avoid a loss of views to the distant Bavarian Alps. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper Most high-rise buildings are clustered at the northern edge of Munich in the skyline, like the Hypo-Haus, the Arabella High-Rise Building, the Highlight Towers, Uptown Munich, Münchner Tor and the BMW Headquarters next to the Olympic Park. The Hypo-Haus is a skyscraper in Munich constructed between 1975 and 1981 and serves as the headquarter of the HypoVereinsbank. The Arabella High-Rise Building is a high-rise residential building with 23 floors built from 1966 to 1969 by Josef Schörghuber in Munich, Germany. The Highlight Towers in Munich are two Office Towers completed in 2004 and a landmark for modern architecture of the city The Uptown Munich building (German Hochhaus Uptown München in Munich is with a height of 146 meters currently the highest skyscraper of the city BMW Headquarters ( German: BMW-Vierzylinder "BMW four-cylinder" also BMW Tower is a Munich landmark which has been serving Several other high-rise buildings are located near the city center and on the Siemens campus in southern Munich. A landmark of modern Munich is also the architecture of the sport stadiums (as described below). Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany.

Hofgarten with the dome of the state chancellery near the Residenz.

In Giesing is the former McGraw Kaserne, a former U. S. army base, near Stadelheim Prison. Stadelheim Prison, in Munich 's Giesing district is one of the largest prisons in Germany.

The parks

Munich is a green city with numerous parks. The Englischer Garten, close to the city centre and covering an area of 3. The Englischer Garten or "English Garden" is a large urban public park in the centre of Munich, Germany, stretching from the city centre to the northeastern 7 km² (larger than Central Park in New York), is one of the world's largest urban public parks, and contains a nudist area, jogging tracks and bridle-paths. Naturism or nudism is a cultural and Political movement advocating and defending social Nudity in private and in public. It was devised and laid out by Benjamin Thompson, Count of Rumford, an American, for both pleasure and as work area for the city's vargants and homeless. Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (in German: de Reichsgraf von Rumford FRS ( 26 March 1753 – 21 August 1814 Nowadays it is entirely a park with a Biergarten at the Chinese Pagoda. Beer garden derieves from the German name "Biergarten" and is an open-air area where beverages (preferably beer and prepared food are served

Other large green spaces are the modern Olympiapark and Westpark as well as the parks of Nymphenburg Palace (with the Botanical Garden to the north), and Schleissheim Palace. The Olympiapark in Munich, Germany, is an Olympic Park which was constructed for the 1972 Summer Olympics. The Westpark is a large urban public park in Munich, Germany. The Nymphenburg Palace (Schloss Nymphenburg is a Baroque Palace in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The Schleissheim Palace ( German: Schloss Schleißheim) comprises actually three palaces in a grand Baroque park in the village of Oberschleißheim The city's oldest park is the Hofgarten, near the Residenz, and dating back to the 16th century. The Hofgarten (Court Garden in Munich is a garden in the center of the city between the Residenz and the Englischer Garten. Most known for the largest beergarden in the town is the former royal Hirschgarten, founded in 1780 for deer which still live there.

The city's zoo is the Tierpark Hellabrunn near the Flaucher Island in the Isar in the south of the city. A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity Tierpark Hellabrunn is the name of the Zoological garden in the Bavarian capital Munich. Another notable park is Ostpark, located in Perlach-Ramersdorf area which houses the swimming area, Michaelibad, one of the largest in Munich.

Sport

Main articles: Sports in Munich and Football in Munich

Olympiasee in Olympiapark, Munich

Olympiapark

Allianz Arena

Munich is home to several professional football teams, including 1860 Munich and Germany's most popular and successful club, FC Bayern Munich. Sports clubs Munich is home to several professional Football (soccer teams including Germany's most popular club FC Bayern Munich is one of the most successful footballing cities in Europe and the World with over 40 trophies which include over 40 trophies including Germany's victory in the 1974 FIFA World Cup The Olympiapark in Munich, Germany, is an Olympic Park which was constructed for the 1972 Summer Olympics. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered TSV 1860 München, commonly known as 1860 Munich is a German Sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. FC Bayern München is a German Sports club based in Munich, Bavaria (München Bayern The Munich area currently has two teams in the Bundesliga system, which comprises the two top divisions of German football. The Bundesliga is the highest level of Germany 's football league system. Football is the most popular sport in Germany. The German Football Association ( German: Deutscher Fußball-Bund or The city's hockey club is EHC Munich. History 1998/99 After the establishment of the club in 1998 Munich began to play in the district league

Munich has also hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics and was one of the host cities for the 2006 Football World Cup which was not held in Munich's Olympic Stadium but in a new football specific stadium, the Allianz Arena. The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Munich, in what was The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th instance of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament The Olympiastadion is a stadium located in Munich, Germany. Situated at the heart of the Olympiapark München in northern Munich the stadium Soccer-specific stadium (or football-specific stadium) is a term used mainly in the United States and Canada, coined by Lamar Hunt, to refer The Allianz Arena is a football Stadium in the north of Munich, Germany

Culture

Museums

The Golden Friedensengel

The Deutsches Museum or German Museum, located on an island in the River Isar, is one of the oldest and largest science museums in the world. The Deutsches Museum (German Museum in Munich, Germany, is the world's largest Museum of Technology and Science, with approximately Three redundant exhibition buildings which are under a protection order were converted to house the Verkehrsmuseum, which houses the land transport collections of the Deutsches Museum. Deutsches Museum's Flugwerft Schleißheim flight exhibition centre is located nearby, on the Schleißheim Special Landing Field. Several non-centralised museums (many of those are public collections at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität) show the expanded state collections of palaeontology, geology, mineralogy,^[10] zoology, botany and anthropology. The Paläontologische Museum München ("Palaeontological Museum Munich" is a German national natural history Museum situated in Munich, Bavaria

The Glyptothek

The city has several important art galleries, most of which can be found in the Kunstareal, including the Alte Pinakothek, the Neue Pinakothek, and the Pinakothek der Moderne. The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art. The Kunstareal (“art district” is a Museum quarter in the city centre of Munich, Germany. The Alte Pinakothek (Old Pinakothek is an Art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany. The Neue Pinakothek (New Pinakothek is an art museum in Munich, Germany. The Pinakothek der Moderne is a Modern art museum situated in the city centre of Munich, Germany. Alte Pinakothek's rather monolithic structure contains a treasure trove of the works of European masters between the 14th and 18th centuries. The collection reflects the eclectic tastes of the Wittelsbachs over four centuries, and is sorted by schools over two sprawling floors. Major displays include Albrecht Dürer's Christ-like Self-Portrait, his Four Apostles, Raphael's paintings The Canigiani Holy Family and Madonna Tempi as well as Peter Paul Rubens two-storey-high Judgment Day. Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker Raphael Sanzio, usually known by his first name alone (in Italian Raffaello) (April 6 or March 28 1483 – April 6 1520 was an Italian painter and The Canigiani Holy Family or Canigiani Madonna is a painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael. The Tempi Madonna is an oil painting by the Italian High Renaissance painter Raphael. The gallery houses one of the world's most comprehensive Rubens collections. Before World War I, the Blaue Reiter group of artists worked in Munich. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Der Blaue Reiter ( The Blue Rider) was a group of artists from the Neue Künstlervereinigung München in Munich, Germany. Many of their works can now be seen at the Lenbachhaus. The Lenbachhaus in Munich houses an art museum and is part of Munich's " Kunstareal " (the "art area" An important collection of Greek and Roman art is held in the Glyptothek and the Staatliche Antikensammlung (State Antiquities Collection). The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and The Staatliche Antikensammlungen (State Collections of Antiques in the Kunstareal of Munich is a museum for the Bavarian state's antique collections for King Ludwig I managed to acquire such famous pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun and the figures from the Temple of Aphaea on Aegina for the Glyptothek. The over-lifesize Medusa Rondanini, the best late Hellenistic or Augustan Roman marble copy of the head of Medusa, is rendered more humanized The life-sizemarble statue known as the Barberini Faun or Drunken Satyr is located in the Glyptothek in Munich Germany. The Temple of Aphaia (or Aphaea) is located within a sanctuary complex dedicated to the goddess Aphaia on the Greek island of Aigina, which lies in the Aegina ( Greek: Αίγινα ( Egina) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 17 miles (30 km from The Kunstareal will be further augmented by the completion of the Egyptian Museum. The Kunstareal (“art district” is a Museum quarter in the city centre of Munich, Germany. The Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst (National collection of Egyptian art in Munich is the Bavarian State Collection for Ancient Egypt art

The famous gothic Morris dancers of Erasmus Grasser are exhibited in the Munich City Museum in the old gothic arsenal building in the inner city. A morris dance is a form of English Folk dance usually accompanied by music Erasmus Grasser (c 1450&ndashc 1515 was a leading sculptor in Munich in the early 16th century

Another area for the arts next to the Kunstareal is the Lehel quarter between the old town and the river Isar: The State Museum of Ethnology in Maximilianstrasse is the second largest collection in Germany of artifacts and objects from outside Europe, while the Bavarian National Museum and the adjoining Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Prinzregentenstrasse rank among Europe's major art and cultural history museums. Altstadt and Lehel are districts of the German city of Munich. The Bavarian State Museum of Ethnology (Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde in Munich, Germany was founded in 1868 but its history started much earlier The Bavarian National Museum (Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich is one of the most important cultural history museums in Europe The Bavarian State Archaeological Collection (Archäologische Staatssammlung in Munich is one of the most important archaeological collections and Cultural history The nearby Schackgalerie is an important gallery of German 19th century paintings. The Schackgalerie is a museum in Munich. It is one of the noted galleries in this city

The former Dachau concentration camp is 16 kilometres outside the city. Dachau was a Nazi German Concentration camp, and the first one opened in Germany located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions Factory near the

Arts and literature

Munich is a major European cultural centre and the domain of many prominent composers including Orlando di Lasso, W.A. Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber, Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Max Reger and Carl Orff. Orlande de Lassus (also Orlandus Lassus, Orlando di Lasso, Roland de Lassus, or Roland Delattre) (1532 (possibly 1530 &ndash June Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber ( 18 December 1786 in Eutin, Holstein, Germany - 5 June 1826 in London Richard Georg Strauss (11 June 1864 &ndash 8 September 1949 was a German Composer of the late Romantic era and early modern era particularly noted Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger ( March 19 1873 &ndash May 11 1916) was a German Composer, conductor Carl Orff ( &ndash) was a 20th-century German Composer, most famous for Carmina Burana (1937 With the Biennale, founded by Hans Werner Henze the city still contributes to modern music theatre. Hans Werner Henze (born July 1 1926 Gütersloh, Germany is a German composer well known for his left-wing political convictions

National Theatre

The Nationaltheater where several of Richard Wagner's operas had their premieres under the patronage of Ludwig II of Bavaria is the home of the Bavarian State Opera and the Bavarian State Orchestra. Nationaltheater München ( National Theatre Munich) on Max-Joseph-Platz is an Opera house and the home base of the Bayerische Staatsoper Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm II King of Bavaria ( August 25, 1845 &ndash June 13, 1886) was king of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly The Bayerische Staatsoper ( Bavarian State Opera) is an Opera company based in Munich, Germany in existence since 1653 The Bayerisches Staatsorchester ( Bavarian State Orchestra) is the orchestra of the Bavarian State Opera. Next door the modern Residenz Theatre was erected in the building that had housed the Cuvilliés Theatre before World War II. The Residence Theatre (Residenztheater or New Residence Theatre ( Neues Residenztheater) of the Residence in Munich was built from 1950 The Cuvilliés Theatre (Cuvilliés-Theater or Old Residence Theatre ( Altes Residenztheater) of the Residence in Munich was built from 1751 Many operas were staged there, including the premiere of Mozart's "Idomeneo" in 1781. The Gärtnerplatz Theatre is a ballet and musical state theatre while another opera house the Prinzregententheater has become the home of the Bavarian Theatre Academy. Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz ( The State Theatre on the Gärtnerplatz) is an Opera house and Opera company in Munich. The Prinzregententheater is a theatre and opera house in Munich. The modern Gasteig center houses the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. Gasteig is a cultural center in Munich, which hosts the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. The Münchner Philharmoniker ( Munich Philharmonic) is one of three orchestras located in the city of Munich, along with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra The third orchestra in Munich with international importance is the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. The Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra ( Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks) is the internationally renowned Orchestra of the Bayerischer Rundfunk Its primary concert venue is the Herkulesaal in the former city royal residence, the Residenz. A stage for shows, big events and musicals is the Deutsche Theater.

Next to the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel in the Residenz Theatre (Residenztheater), the Munich Kammerspiele in the Schauspielhaus is one of the most important German language theatres in the world. The Munich Kammerspiele (German Münchner Kammerspiele is a successful German language theatre in Munich. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Since Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's premieres in 1775 many important writers have staged their plays in Munich such as Christian Friedrich Hebbel, Henrik Ibsen and Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ( 22 January, 1729 15 February, 1781) was a German Writer, Philosopher, Dramatist Christian Friedrich Hebbel ( March 18, 1813 &ndash December 13, 1863) was a German Poet and Dramatist. "Ibsen" redirects here For other people named Ibsen see Ibsen (disambiguation. Hugo von Hofmannsthal ( February 1, 1874 – July 15, 1929) was an Austrian Novelist, librettist, Poet

Prominent literary figures worked in Munich especially during the final centuries of the Kingdom of Bavaria such as Paul Heyse, Rainer Maria Rilke and Frank Wedekind. Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse ( March 15, 1830 - April 2, 1914) was a distinguished German author Rainer Maria Rilke (also Rainer Maria von Rilke (4 December 1875 &ndash 29 December 1926 is considered one of the German language 's greatest 20th century Poets Benjamin Franklin Wedekind ( Hannover July 24, 1864 &ndash Munich March 9, 1918) usually known as Frank Wedekind The period immediately before World War I saw particular economic and cultural prominence for the city. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Munich, and especially its suburb of Schwabing, became the domicile of many artists and writers. Schwabing is a Borough in the northern part of Munich, the Capital of the German state of Bavaria. Thomas Mann who also lived there wrote in his novella Gladius Dei about this period "Munich shone". Paul Thomas Mann ( June Munich remained a centre of cultural life also during the Weimar period, as figures such as Lion Feuchtwanger, Bertolt Brecht and Oskar Maria Graf were active. Lion Feuchtwanger (pseudonym JL Wetcheek) ( 7 July 1884 - 21 December 1958) was a German - Jewish Novelist (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. Oskar Maria Graf ( July 22 1894 &ndash June 28 1967) was a German Author. In 1919 the Bavaria Film Studios were founded. The Bavaria Film Studios in Geiselgasteig a district of Munich's suburb Grünwald Bavaria belongs to Europe's biggest and most famous movie production studios

Munich had already become an important place for painters like Carl Rottmann, Lovis Corinth, Wilhelm von Kaulbach, Carl Spitzweg, Franz von Lenbach, Franz von Stuck and Wilhelm Leibl when Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a group of expressionist artists, was established in Munich in 1911. Carl Rottmann ( January 11 1797 in Handschuhsheim – July 7 1850, Munich) was a German landscape painter and the most Lovis Corinth ( July 21 1858 &ndash July 17 1925) was a German painter and Printmaker whose mature work Wilhelm von Kaulbach ( October 15, 1805 &ndash April 7, 1874) was a German painter from Bad Arolsen, Waldeck Carl Spitzweg ( February 5, 1808 - September 23, 1885) was a German romanticist painter and Poet Franz von Lenbach ( December 13, 1836 - May 6, 1904) was a German painter Biography Lenbach was born Franz Stuck ( February 24, 1863 - August 30, 1928) was a German Symbolist / Art Nouveau painter, Wilhelm Leibl ( October 23, 1844 – December 4, 1900) was a German realist painter of Portraits Der Blaue Reiter ( The Blue Rider) was a group of artists from the Neue Künstlervereinigung München in Munich, Germany. The city was home to the Blue Rider's painters Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Gabriele Münter, Franz Marc, August Macke and Alfred Kubin. Wassily Kandinsky (Russian Василий Кандинский first name pronounced as) ( – 13 December 1944 was a Russian painter, Printmaker Alexej Georgewitsch von Jawlensky (?13 March 1864 &ndash 15 March 1941 was a Russian Expressionist painter active in Germany. Gabriele Münter (1877–1962 was a German Expressionist painter who was at the forefront of the Munich Avant-garde in the early 20th century Franz Marc ( February 8, 1880 &ndash March 4, 1916) was one of the principal painters and printmakers of the German August Macke ( January 3, 1887 &ndash September 26, 1914) was one of the leading members of the German Expressionist group Alfred Leopold Isidor Kubin ( April 10, 1877 &ndash August 20, 1959) was an Austrian Expressionist, Illustrator

Hofbräuhaus and Oktoberfest

Main article: Oktoberfest

Hofbräuhaus. The Oktoberfest is a sixteen-day festival held each year in Munich, Bavaria, Germany during late September (and running to early October The Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München (literally state court-brewery in Munich, also Hofbräu München) is a Brewery in Munich, Bavaria

Oktoberfest (2003). The Oktoberfest is a sixteen-day festival held each year in Munich, Bavaria, Germany during late September (and running to early October

The Hofbräuhaus am Platzl, arguably the most famous beer hall worldwide, is located in the city centre. The Hofbräuhaus am Platzl is a Beer hall in the city center of Munich, Germany. It also operates the second largest tent at the Oktoberfest, one of Munich's most famous attractions. The Oktoberfest is a sixteen-day festival held each year in Munich, Bavaria, Germany during late September (and running to early October For two weeks, the Oktoberfest, attracts millions of people visiting its beer tents ("Bierzelte") and fairground attractions. The Oktoberfest was first held on 12 October 1810 in honour of the marriage of crown prince Ludwig to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ludwig I (also rendered in English as Louis I) ( August 25 1786 in Strasbourg &ndash February 29, 1868 in Nice The festivities were closed with a horse race and in the following years the horse races were continued and later developed into what is now known as the Oktoberfest. The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. Despite its name, most of Oktoberfest occurs in September. It always finishes on the first Sunday in October unless the German national holiday on 3 October ("Tag der deutschen Einheit" - Day of German Unity) is a Monday or Tuesday - then the Oktoberfest remains open for these days. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's

Culinary specialities

Weißwürste with sweet mustard and a Breze (pretzel).

The Weißwürste ('white sausages') are a Munich speciality. Weisswurst ( German, literally white sausage) is a traditional Bavarian Sausage made from very finely minced Veal and fresh Pork Traditionally eaten only before 12:00, (a tradition dating to a time before refrigerators,) these morsels are often served with sweet mustard and freshly baked pretzels. A pretzel is a bread pastry of German origin that has the shape of a three looped Knot or twisted braid Leberkäs, Bavarian baked sausage loaf often served with potato salad, are another delicacy of the region. (sometimes spelled Leberkäs or Leberka(as in Austria and the Swabian Bavarian and Franconian parts of Germany is a specialty food found in

The most famous soup might be the Leberknödel Soup. Leberknödel is a bread dumpling seasoned with liver and onions.

Schweinebraten (pot roasted pork) with Knödel (dumplings made from potatoes and/or white bread) and Kraut (cabbage) or a Schweinshaxe (pork knuckle) are served as lunch or dinner. Beuscherl, a plate of lung, heart and spleen is also served with dumplings.

Popular as dessert is the Apfelstrudel apple strudel with vanilla sauce, the Millirahmstrudel a cream cheese strudel, Dampfnudeln (yeast dumplings served with custard) or Auszogene, a fried pastry shaped like a large donut but without a hole. For the typographical character nicknamed 'strudel' see At sign. Not forgetting the famous Prinzregententorte created in honour of the prince regent Luitpold. Prinzregententorte is a Cake found mainly in Bavaria, which consists of at least six thin layers of sponge cake interlaid with chocolate Buttercream.

Some specialities are typical cold dishes served in beergardens: Obatzda is a Bavarian cheese delicacy, a great savoury blend of smashed mellow camembert prepared with cream cheese, cut onions and spicy paprika (and sometimes some butter). Beer garden derieves from the German name "Biergarten" and is an open-air area where beverages (preferably beer and prepared food are served Obatzda is a Bavarian Cheese delicacy It is prepared by mixing one third aged Camembert, one third aged Romadur cheese (60% and one third butter It's often served in the beergardens as well as Radi (radish), white radish cut in thin slices and salted, and Münchner Wurstsalat, Munich's famous sausage salad with thinly sliced Knackwurst marinated in vinegar and oil with onions on a bed of lettuce. The radish ( Raphanus sativus) is an edible Root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre- Popular grilled meals include Steckerlfisch is a local fish, such as trout or whitefish, speared on a wooden stick, grilled and smoked on charcoal - the typical feature is the crispy skin. Another classic is A hoibs Hendl (half a grilled chicken). Hendl is the Austro-Bavarian word for "chicken" mainly in its roasted form A Maß (die Maß) is a litre of beer, a Radler consists of half beer and half lemonade.

Local Beers brewed in Munich

Munich is famous for its breweries and the Weißbier (or Weizenbier, wheat beer) is a speciality from Bavaria. Wheat beer is a Beer that is brewed with a significant proportion of Wheat. Helles with its translucent gold colour is the most popular Munich beer today, although it’s not very old (only introduced in 1895). Pale lager is a very pale to golden -coloured Beer with a well attenuated body and noble hop bitterness Helles and Pils have almost ousted the Munich Dark Beer (Dunkles), which gets its dark colour from burnt malt, the most popular beer in Munich within the 19th century. Pilsner, sometimes pilsener or simply pils, is a Pale lager, developed in the 19th century in the city of Pilsen, Bohemia ( Dunkel (or Dunkles) is a dark German beer Dunkel is the German word meaning dark, and dunkel beers typically range in colour from amber to dark Starkbier is the strongest Munich beer, containing 6–9 percent alcohol. It is dark amber and has a heavy malty taste. It is available and popular during the Lenten Starkbierzeit (strong beer season), which begins on or before St. Joseph’s Day (March 19th). There are around 20 major beer gardens, with four of the most famous and popular being located in the Englischer Garten and the largest one in the Hirschgarten. Beer garden derieves from the German name "Biergarten" and is an open-air area where beverages (preferably beer and prepared food are served The Englischer Garten or "English Garden" is a large urban public park in the centre of Munich, Germany, stretching from the city centre to the northeastern

• Augustiner Bräu
• Hacker-Pschorr
• Hofbräu
• Löwenbräu
• Paulaner
• Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu

Markets

The Viktualienmarkt is Munich's most popular market for fresh food and delicatessen. Augustiner Bräu is a Brewery located in Munich, Germany Established in 1328 it is Munich's oldest brewery and produces some of Munich's most popular brands of Hacker-Pschorr Brewery traces its ancestry back to 1417 when the Hacker brewery was founded in Munich, Germany, 99 years before the enactment of the The Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München (literally state court-brewery in Munich, also Hofbräu München) is a Brewery in Munich, Bavaria Löwenbräu ( German, løːvənbrɔʏ̯ is a Brewery in Munich that produces a traditional Munich-style Beer. Paulaner is a German Brewery, established in the early 1600s in Munich by the Minim Friars of the Neudeck ob der Au The Viktualienmarkt is a daily food market and a square in the center of Munich, Germany. A very old feature of Munich's Fasching (carnival) is the dance of the Marktfrauen (market women) of the Viktualienmarkt in comical costumes.

The Auer Dult is held three times a year on the square around Mariahilf church and is one of Munich's oldest markets, well known for its jumble sale and antiques. The Auer Dult is a traditional annual market in Munich, Germany, taking place three times per year on the Mariahilfplatz in the Munich district

Three weeks before Christmas the Christkindlmarkt opens at Marienplatz and other squares in the city, selling Christmas goods. A Christmas market, also known as Christkindlmarkt, Christkindlesmarkt, Christkindlmarket, and Weihnachtsmarkt

Nightlife in Munich

Nightlife in Munich is thriving with over 6,000 licensed establishments in the city, especially in Schwabing, which is still the main quarter for students and artists. NightLife with Tony Delroy is a popular late night talkback show across ABC Local Radio, Broadcasting from the 702 ABC Sydney studios in Ultimo Schwabing is a Borough in the northern part of Munich, the Capital of the German state of Bavaria. Some notable establishments are: the touristy Hofbräuhaus, one of the oldest breweries in Munich, located in the city centre near Tal; Kultfabrik and Optimolwerke, former industrial areas converted to host many different discos and pubs; Munich's gay quarter is in Isarvorstadt, surrounding the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz, also known as the Glockenbachviertel.

Colleges and Universities

Munich is a leading location for science and research with a long list of Nobel Prize laureates from Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1901 to Theodor Hänsch in 2005. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 &ndash 10 February 1923 was a German physicist, who on 8 November 1895 produced and detected Electromagnetic Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch (b 30 October 1941 in Heidelberg, Germany) is a German physicist. Munich has become a spiritual centre already since the times of Emperor Louis IV when philosophers like Michael of Cesena, Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham were protected at the emperor's court. Michael of Cesena ( Michele di Cesena or Michele Fuschi) (c 1270 &ndash November 29 1342) was a Franciscan, general of that Order Marsilius of Padua ( Italian Marsilio or Marsiglio da Padova; c William of Ockham (also Occam, Hockham, or any of several other spellings ˈɒkəm (c Both the universities of the Bavarian metropolis, the Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) and the Technical University (TU or TUM), were found to be worthy of the title of elite university by the selection committee, which consisted of academics and members of the Ministries of Education and Research of the Federation and the German states (Länder). Only Munich's two universities and the Technical University of Karlsruhe have been awarded already in 2006 the title of elite university of Germany and millions of euro in funding.

Main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University

• University of Munich (LMU), founded in 1472 in Ingolstadt, moved to Munich in 1826
• Technical University of Munich (TUM), founded in 1868
• Munich University of Applied Sciences (HM), founded in 1971
• Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC)
• University of the German Federal Armed Forces, Munich, founded in 1972
• Pionierschule und Fachschule des Heeres für Bautechnik
• Hochschule für Musik und Theater München, founded in 1830
• Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, founded in 1808
• University of Television and Film Munich, (Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film)founded in 1966
• Hochschule für Philosophie München, founded in 1925 in Pullach, moved to Munich in 1971
• Hochschule für Politik München
• Katholische Stiftungsfachhochschule München, founded in 1971
• Munich Business School (MBS)
• International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences[4],
• European School of Management and Technology (esmt)
• Deutsche Journalistenschule, founded in 1959

Scientific research institutions

Max Planck Society

The Max Planck Society, an independent German non-profit research organization, has its administrative headquarters in Munich. The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more Ingolstadt (ˈɪŋgɔlˌʃtat Austro-Bavarian: Inglstådt) is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany Technische Universität München ( TUM, technical university of Munich) is a research university with campuses in Munich, Garching, and The Munich University of Applied Sciences, (in German Hochschule München (HM was founded in 1971 and is the largest University of Applied Sciences in The Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC is a center for both research and education in Intellectual property, founded in 2003 and based in Munich The Universität der Bundeswehr München (Bundeswehr University Munich is one of the two Universities of the German Armed Forces ( Bundeswehr) that both were founded The Hochschule für Musik und Theater München ( University for Music and Performing Arts Munich) is one of the most respected traditional Vocational universities The Academy of Fine Arts Munich ( German: Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, also known as Munich Academy) was founded 1808 by Maximilian The University of Television and Film Munich (German Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film München, HFF Munich is a publicly funded Film school in Munich Pullach is a municipality in the district of Munich in Bavaria in Germany. The Munich Business School (MBS is a private university of applied science located in Munich ( Bavaria, Germany) International Max Planck Research Schools To date more than 50 International Max Planck Research Schools (short IMPRS have been established in Germany, each representing ESMT European School of Management and Technology is a private Business school located in Berlin, Germany. The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e The following institutes are located in the Munich metropolitan area:

• Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching
• Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried
• Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
• Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law, München
• Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, München
• Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried
• Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs-Erling (Biological Rhythms and Behaviour), Radolfzell, Seewiesen (Reproductive Biology and Behaviour)[5]
• Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner Heisenberg Institute), München
• Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching and Greifswald
• Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, München
• Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, München
• Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching

Other research institutes

• Fraunhofer Institute

Economy

BMW Headquarters building (one of the few buildings that have been built from the top to the bottom) and the bowl shaped BMW museum

Munich has the strongest economy of any German city,^[11] as well as the lowest unemployment rate (5. The Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics is a Max Planck Institute, located in Garching, near Munich, Also spelled " Garching bei Muenchen " (without "ü" The Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich. Martinsried is a section of Planegg, a municipality neighboring Munich, Germany. The Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics is a Max Planck Institute, located in Garching, near Munich, Germany. Also spelled " Garching bei Muenchen " (without "ü" Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property Competition and Tax Law (Max-Planck-Institut für Geistiges Eigentum Wettbewerbs- und Steuerrecht is a Munich, Germany Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology is a Research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich in Germany Martinsried is a section of Planegg, a municipality neighboring Munich, Germany. For the nearby abbey see Andechs Abbey. Andechs is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria Radolfzell am Bodensee is a Town in Germany at the western end of Lake Constance approximately 18 km northwest of Konstanz. Max Planck Institute for Physics is a Physics institute in Munich, Germany which specialises in High Max Planck Institute for Physics is a Physics institute in Munich, Germany which specialises in High Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP is a Physics Institute for the investigation of Plasma physics, with the aim of working towards Also spelled " Garching bei Muenchen " (without "ü" Greifswald (ˈɡʁaɪ̯fsvalt from German: popular etymology Greif, "griffin" proper etymology akin to "grip a plot not yet cleared and taken Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (abbreviation MPQ; German: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik) is a part of the Max Planck Society Also spelled " Garching bei Muenchen " (without "ü" The Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is a German research organization with 58 institutes spread throughout Germany each focusing on different fields of applied BMW Headquarters ( German: BMW-Vierzylinder "BMW four-cylinder" also BMW Tower is a Munich landmark which has been serving Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. 6 %) of any German city with more than a million people (the other ones being Berlin and Hamburg). Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany ^[12] The city is also the economic centre of southern Germany. German dialectal mapPNG|right|thumb|200px|Southern Germany roughly corresponds to the area of Germany south of the Speyer line where Upper German dialects are spoken The initiative “Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft (INSM)” (New Social Market Economy) and the “WirtschaftsWoche” (Business Weekly) magazine have awarded Munich the top score in their comparative survey for the third time in June 2006. Wirtschaftswoche is a German weekly Business news Magazine. Munich topped the ranking of the magazine “Capital” in February 2005 for the economic prospects between 2002 and 2011 in sixty German cities. Munich is considered a global city and holds the headquarters of Siemens AG (electronics), BMW (car), MAN AG (truck manufacturer, engineering), Linde (gases), Allianz (insurance) and Munich Re (re-insurance). ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 MAN AG is a German engineering Company based in Munich. MAN is one of Europe's leading manufacturers of engineering equipment The Linde Group is the international Industrial gases and Engineering company founded in 1879 SE (formerly AG,,) is a large Financial services provider headquartered in Munich, Germany. Munich Re AG, in German Münchener Rück AG ( is the world's largest Reinsurance company with over 5000 customers in 160 countries Reinsurance is a means by which an Insurance company can protect itself against the risk of losses with other insurance companies Among German cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants purchasing power is highest in Munich (26,648 Euros per inhabitant) as of 2007. ^[13] In 2006, Munich blue-collar workers enjoyed an average hourly wage of 18. 62 Euros (ca. $ 23)^[14].

Munich is also a centre for biotechnology, software and other service industries. Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. Munich is also the home of the headquarters of many other large companies like the aircraft engine manufacturer MTU Aero Engines, the space and defence contractor EADS (headquartered in the suburban town of Ottobrunn), the injection molding machine manufacturer Krauss-Maffei, the camera and lighting manufacturer Arri, the semiconductor firm Infineon Technologies (headquartered in the suburban town of Neubiberg), the DRAM company Qimonda, as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies like Precision Plus, McDonald’s and Microsoft. MTU Aero Engines is Germany 's leading Aircraft engine manufacturer The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS NV ( EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation formed by the merger on July 10, Ottobrunn is a municipality southeast of Munich, Bavaria, Germany, founded in 1955 Injection molding machine (also known as injection press) - a machine for making plastic parts The Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co KG (KMW or simply Krauss-Maffei is an Injection molding machine manufacturer and Defence company based in Germany The Arri Group has been the largest world wide supplier of high quality Motion picture film equipment since 1917 Infineon Technologies AG () was founded in April 1999 when the Semiconductor operations of parent company Siemens AG, were spun off to form a separate Neubiberg is a municipality south-east of Munich, Germany, founded in 1912 Qimonda AG ( (pronounced "key-MON-duh" is a Memory company split out of Infineon Technologies AG on May 1 2006 to form the second Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer

Munich has significance as a financial centre (secondary to Frankfurt), being home of HypoVereinsbank and the Bayerische Landesbank. Bayerische Hypo- und Vereinsbank Aktiengesellschaft (commonly referred to as HypoVereinsbank or HVB) is the second-largest private German It outranks Frankfurt though as home of insurance companies like Allianz and Munich Re. SE (formerly AG,,) is a large Financial services provider headquartered in Munich, Germany. Munich Re AG, in German Münchener Rück AG ( is the world's largest Reinsurance company with over 5000 customers in 160 countries

Munich is the largest publishing city in Europe^[15] and home to the Süddeutsche Zeitung, one of Germany's largest daily newspapers. The Süddeutsche Zeitung is one of the largest German Newspapers It is published in Munich. Munich is also home to Germany's largest public broadcasting network, ARD, and its largest commercial network, Pro7-Sat1 Media AG, and is also host to the Burda publishing group. ARD ( Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland &ndash "Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of ProSieben is a commercial Television station in Germany distributed to a large extent via cable and satellite along with DVB-T Hubert Burda Media is a privately held family owned global media company with its origins in printing and magazine publishing

The Bavaria Film Studios are located in the suburb of Grünwald. The Bavaria Film Studios in Geiselgasteig a district of Munich's suburb Grünwald Bavaria belongs to Europe's biggest and most famous movie production studios Grünwald ( German for green forest) is a municipality in the district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany. They are one of Europe's biggest and most famous film production studios. ^[16]

Lufthansa has opened a second hub at Munich's Franz Josef Strauss International Airport, the second-largest airport in Germany, after Frankfurt International Airport. Munich Airport, officially named Franz Josef Strauss Airport ( Flughafen München Franz Josef Strauß) is located northeast of Munich, Germany Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe

Linux migration

Main article: LiMux

Transportation

Public transport network

Munich International Airport

Franz Josef Strauss International Airport (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is Germany's second largest airport, after Frankfurt, with about 34 million passengers a year, and lies some 30 km (19 mi) north east of the city centre. LiMux is a project in Munich for migrating 14000 Personal computers and Laptops of public employees Munich Airport, officially named Franz Josef Strauss Airport ( Flughafen München Franz Josef Strauß) is located northeast of Munich, Germany The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe The airport can be reached by suburban train lines S1 from the east and S8 from the west part of the city. From the Hauptbahnhof (main railway station), the journey takes 40–45 minutes. A magnetic levitation train (called Transrapid) which was to have run at speeds of up to 400 km/h (249 mph) from the central station to the airport in a travel time of 10 minutes had been approved,^[17] but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation. MAGLEV, or magnetic levitation, is a system of transportation that suspends guides and (usually propels vehicles predominantly trains using magnetic forces Transrapid is a German high-speed monorail train using magnetic levitation. ^[18] Supporters of the transrapid project founded the organization Bayern pro Rapid in 2007. Bayern pro Rapid is a non-profit organization in Germany. It was founded on 19 December 2007 to support the activities for the construction of Transrapid

The airport began operations in 1992, replacing the former main airport, the Munich-Riem airport (active 1939–1992). Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Munich-Riem Airport was the main airport of Munich until it was closed in 1992

The Bavarian state government has announced plans to expand the Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station, located west of Munich, for commercial use. These plans are opposed by many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area.

Public transportation

For its population, Munich has one of the most comprehensive systems in the world, incorporating the Munich U-Bahn (underground railway), the Munich S-Bahn (suburban trains), trams and buses. The Munich U-Bahn system is an electric Railway Public transport network (a metro or underground system in Munich. S-Bahn trains in Munich are operated by S-Bahn München, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn Regio Bavaria The system is supervised by the Munich Transport and Tariff Association (Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund GmbH). The Munich Transport and Tariff Association ( Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund, MVV) is the transportation authority of the city of Munich

The main railway station is Munich Hauptbahnhof, in the city centre, and there are two smaller main line stations at Pasing, in the west of the city, and Munich Ostbahnhof in the east. München Hauptbahnhof (translated from German as Munich Central Station short form München Hbf) is the Hauptbahnhof (main Railway München-Pasing is a Railway station with nine platforms situated in the in the west of Munich. München Ost ( German for Munich East, also called Ostbahnhof) is a Railway station in Munich. All three are connected to the public transport system and serve as transportation hubs.

ICE highspeed trains stop at Munich-Pasing and Munich-Hauptbahnhof only. The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries InterCity and EuroCity trains with destinations East of Munich also stop at Munich East. InterCity (commonly abbreviated IC on timetables and tickets is the classification applied to certain long-distance Passenger train services in EuroCity, abbreviated EC, denotes an international Train service within the European Inter-city rail network Since 28 May 2006 Munich is connected to Nuremberg via Ingolstadt by a 300 km/h (186 mph) ICE high speed railway line. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Ingolstadt (ˈɪŋgɔlˌʃtat Austro-Bavarian: Inglstådt) is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany

Individual transportation

Munich is an integral part of the motorway network of southern Germany. (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor Motorways from Stuttgart, Berlin, Frankfurt, Lindau, Garmisch Partenkirchen and Salzburg terminate at Munich, allowing direct access the different parts of Germany, Austria and Italy. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Lindau is a German town and an island in the eastern part of the Lake Constance, the Bodensee. Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a Market town in Bavaria, southern Germany. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. However, traffic in and around Munich is often heavy. Traffic jams are commonplace during rush hour and at the beginning and end of major holidays in Germany.

Cycling is recognised as a good alternative to motorised transport and the growing number of bicycle lanes are widely used throughout the year. Segregated cycle facilities are Roads tracks paths or marked lanes designated for use by Cyclists from which motorised traffic is generally excluded A modern bike hire system is available in the central area of Munich that is surrounded by the beltway. Call a Bike is a bike hire system run by Deutsche Bahn in several German cities which uses a system of authentication codes to automatically lock and unlock bikes

Around Munich

The Munich agglomeration sprawls across the plain of the Alpine foothills. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality The Alpine foothills, or Prealps (German Voralpen / Alpenvorland; Prealpi Préalpes can refer generally to any area of Foothills in the Several smaller traditional Bavarian towns like Freising, Erding and Moosburg are today part of the Munich region formed by Munich and the surrounding districts. Freising is a town in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the district Freising. Erding is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district Erding. Moosburg an der Isar is a town in the ''Landkreis'' Freising of Bavaria, Germany.

Dachau	Erding	Freising
Fürstenfeldbruck	Landsberg	Moosburg

Twin cities

Plaques in the Neues Rathaus (New City Hall) showing Munich's sister cities. The New Town Hall (German Neues Rathaus) is a Town hall at the northern part of Marienplatz in Munich, Bavaria Germany

• Harare, Zimbabwe (since 1996)
• Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (since 1989)
• Kiev, Ukraine (since 1989)
• Sapporo, Japan (since 1972)
• Bordeaux, France (since 1964)
• Verona, Italy (since 1960)
• Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (since 1954)

Famous people of Munich

Famous people born in Munich

• Sportspeople
  • Markus Babbel, born 1972, former footballer and current assistant-trainer of VfB Stuttgart
  • Franz Beckenbauer, born in 1945, former footballer and current president of the Supervisory Board of FC Bayern Munich
  • Stephan Fürstner, born 1987, plays for Bayern Munich and FC Bayern Munich II
  • Thomas Hitzlsperger, born in 1982, footballer who currently plays for Stuttgart
  • Philipp Lahm, born in 1983, footballer who currently plays for Bayern Munich
  • Josef Dieter 'Sepp' Maier, born in 1944, former footballer for Germany and Bayern Munich
  • Andreas Ottl, born in 1985, footballer for Bayern Munich
  • Christoph Schubert, born in 1982, Ice hockey Player who currently plays in NHL for Ottawa Senators
  • Frank Shorter, born 1947, champion distance runner
• Politicians
  • Carl Amery, 1922–2005, writer, President of the German PEN Center and founding member of the German Green Party
  • Heinrich Himmler, 1900–1945, Nazi, leading organiser of the Holocaust
  • Franz Josef Strauß, 1915–1988, Minister-President of the Free State of Bavaria
• Entertainment
  • Percy Adlon, born in 1935, film director
  • Harold Faltermeyer, born in 1952, composer and record producer
  • Ralph Siegel, born in 1945, composer
  • Moritz Bleibtreu, born in 1971, actor
  • Werner Herzog, born in 1942, film director
  • Curt Jürgens, 1915–1982, actor
  • Wolfgang Sawallisch, born in 1923, conductor and pianist
  • Brent Mydland, born in 1952, Grateful Dead keyboardist
  • Carl Orff, 1895–1982, composer
  • Richard Strauss, 1864–1949, composer
  • Karl Valentin, 1882–1948, comedian, author and film producer
  • Fritz Wepper, actor, born in 1941
  • Lou Bega, Singer/Songwriter, born in 1975
• Writers
  • Alfred Andersch, 1914–1980, writer
  • Leon Feuchtwanger, 1884–1958, writer
  • Klaus Mann, 1906–1949, writer
  • Eugen Roth, 1895–1976, writer
• Nobel Prize winners
  • Eduard Buchner, 1860-1917, chemist and Nobel Prize winner
  • Ernst Otto Fischer, 1918–2007, chemist and Nobel Prize winner
  • Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, 1911–1979, biochemist and Nobel Prize winner
  • Rudolf Mößbauer, born in 1927, physicist and Nobel Prize winner
• Fashion designers
  • Willy Bogner, born in 1942, fashion designer and director of photography
  • Rudolph Moshammer, 1940–2005, fashion designer
• Nobility
  • Isabeau de Bavière, 1371–1435, queen-consort of France
  • Elisabeth of Bavaria, 1837–1898, Empress "Sisi" of Austria
  • Ludwig II the Dream King, at Nymphenburg
• Painters
  • Franz Marc, 1880–1916, painter
• Others
  • Andreas Baader, 1943–1977, Red Army Faction leader
  • Adolf Abraham Halevi Fraenkel, 1891–1965, mathematician
  • Franz Xaver Gabelsberger, 1789–1849, inventor of the Gabelsberger shorthand writing system
  • Charlotte Knobloch, born in 1932, President of Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland, also Vice President of the European Jewish Congress and the World Jewish Congress

Famous Residents

• Freddie Mercury, lead singer, Queen
• Max Reger, composer, pianist and conductor
• Thomas Mann, author
• Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary
• Adolf Hitler, leader of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers', or 'Nazi' Party), elected Reichs' Chancellor and then self-appointed Führer and totalitarian ruler of Germany 1933-1945
• Franz von Stuck, painter and sculptor
• Brigitte Horney, actress (Münchhausen)
• Richard Wagner, composer
• Lola Montez, courtesan to King Ludwig I
• Clarissa Sypniewski, actress
• Joseph Ratzinger now Pope Benedict former Archbishop of Munich-Freising
• Donna Summer, Popular musician from the 70's also know as the"Queen of Disco"

References

External links

• Munich travel guide from Wikitravel
• Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund - public transport network
• Toytown Munich - community website for Munich's English-speaking population

Photos

• Europe Pictures - Munich
• Geocoded Pictures of Munich
• Munich City Panoramas - Panoramic Views and virtual Tours
• Tales from Toytown - Photos of Munich