| Montreal | |||
| — City — | |||
| Ville de Montréal | |||
 | |||
| |||
| Nickname: 5-1-4, MTL, City of Saints | |||
| Motto: Concordia Salus ("well-being through harmony") | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Canada | ||
| Province | Quebec | ||
| Region | Montréal | ||
| Founded | 1642 | ||
| Established | 1832 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Gérald Tremblay | ||
| - Language | French (official) | ||
| Area [1][2][3] | |||
| - City | 365. The Flag of Montreal was first displayed in May 1939, and is based on the city's coat of arms. The first Coat of arms of Montreal was created by Jacques Viger, the city's first mayor A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group C D E Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk The province of Quebec, Canada, is officially divided into 17 administrative Regions Traditionally (and non-officially it is divided into around twenty Regions Montréal (06 is one of the administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Gérald Tremblay (born September 20, 1942 in Ottawa) is a Canadian Politician currently serving his second term as Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 13 km² (140. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 98 sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 1,677 km² (647 sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 4,259 km² (1,644 sq mi) | ||
| Highest elevation | 233 m (764 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 6 m (20 ft) | ||
| Population (2006)[1][2][3] | |||
| - City | 1,854,442 (Ranked 2nd) | ||
| - Density | 4,439/km² (11,496/sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 3,316,615 | ||
| - Metro | 3,635,571 | ||
| - Demonym | Montrealer (English), Montréalais / Montréalaise (French) | ||
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| Postal code span | H | ||
| Area code(s) | (514) and (438) | ||
| Website: Ville de Montréal | |||
Montreal, or Montréal in French,[4] (pronounced /ˌmɒ̃ʀeˈal/ in Quebec French, pronounced /ˌmʌntɹiːˈɑːl/ in Canadian English, and /ˌmɔ̃ʀeˈal/ in European French) was the largest city in Canada up until the 1970s and is now the second-largest city in Canada and the largest city in the province of Quebec. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during Metropolitan Montreal - 122 FSAs Notes No postal codes yet exist that start with H6 A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec French ( le français québécois, le français du Québec) or less often Québécois French, is the predominant varieties Canadian English ( CanE, en-CA) is the variety of English used in Canada. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This is a list of the largest and second largest cities by population in each Country. The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Originally called Ville-Marie ('City of Mary'), some historians think the city takes its present name from the Mont Réal (as it was pronounced in Middle French,[5] or Mont Royal / Mount Royal in present French), the three-head hill at the heart of the city, whose name was also initially given to the island on which the city is located. Middle French (le moyen français is a historical division of the French language which covers the period from (roughly 1340 to 1611. Mount Royal ( Mont Royal) ( is a Hill on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people [6][7]
The official language of Montreal is French as defined by the city's charter. [8][9] It is among the five largest French-speaking cities in the world. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people As of the 2006 Canadian Census, 1,620,693 people resided in the city of Montreal proper. [1] The population of the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area (also known as Greater Montreal Area) was 3,635,571 at the same 2006 census. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to The Greater Montreal Area is the most populous Metropolitan area in the Canadian Province of Quebec. In the census metropolitan area, French is the language most spoken at home by 70. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people 5% of the population (as of 2006 census). [10] In 2007, Forbes Magazine ranked Montreal as the 10th cleanest city in the world. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly [11] In the June 19th, 2008 edition of London based Monocle Magazine, Montreal was ranked 16th in a list of the world's 25 most liveable cities. Contributing factors included a strong-arts community, booming aerospace industry and a vast network of free wireless internet. [12]
Contents |
History
There is archaeological evidence of various nomadic native peoples occupying the island of Montreal for at least 2,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. The human history of Montreal, located in Quebec Canada spans some 8000 years and started with the Algonquin, Huron, and Iroquois tribes of Hochelaga was a St Lawrence Iroquoian fortified village near present-day Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [13] The St. Lawrence Iroquoians established the village of Hochelaga at the foot of Mount Royal. The St Lawrence Iroquoians lived until the late 16th century along the shores of the St Hochelaga was a St Lawrence Iroquoian fortified village near present-day Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [14] The French explorer Jacques Cartier visited Hochelaga on October 2, 1535, claiming the St. Lawrence Valley for France. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( Jacques Cartier (December 31 1491&ndashSeptember 1 1557 was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. [15] He estimated the population to be "over a thousand"[14].
Seventy years later, French explorer Samuel de Champlain reported that the St. Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer Lawrence Iroquoians and their settlements had disappeared altogether from the St. Lawrence valley, likely due to inter-tribal wars, European diseases and out-migration. [14] Champlain established in 1611 a fur trading post on the Island of Montreal, on a site initially named La Place Royale, at the confluence of Saint-Pierre river and St-Lawrence river, where present-day Pointe-à-Callière stands. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. A trading post is a place where the trading of goods takes place Pointe-à-Callière Museum is the Montreal museum of archaeology and history located in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [16]. In 1639, Jérôme Le Royer de La Dauversière obtained the Seigneurial title to the Island of Montreal in the name of the Société de Notre-Dame de Montréal to establish a Roman Catholic mission for evangelizing natives. The seigneurial system of New France was the semi- feudal system of land distribution used in the colonies of New France. Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve was the governor of the colony. Paul Chomedey sieur de Maisonneuve ( February 15, 1612 &ndash September 9, 1676) was a French military officer and the founder
Ville-Marie became a centre for the fur trade and a base for further French exploration in North America. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. French colonization of the Americas began in the 14th century and continued in the following centuries as France established a colonial empire in the Western It remained a French colony until 1760, when it was surrendered to Great Britain. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands
Montreal was incorporated as a city in 1832. The opening of the Lachine Canal permitted ships to bypass the unnavigable Lachine Rapids, while the construction of the Victoria Bridge established Montreal as a major railway hub. The Lachine Canal ( Canal de Lachine in French) is a Canal passing through the southwestern part of the Island of Montreal, Quebec, The Lachine Rapids are a series of Rapids on the Saint Lawrence River, between the Island of Montreal and the south shore Victoria Bridge (Pont Victoria is a bridge over the St Lawrence River, linking Montreal, Quebec, to the south shore city of Saint-Lambert By 1860, it was the largest city in British North America and the undisputed economic and cultural centre of Canada. British North America consisted of the colonies and territories of the British Empire in continental North America after the end of the American Revolutionary
Montreal was the capital of the Province of Canada from 1844 to 1849, but lost its status when a Tory mob burnt down the Parliament building to protest passage of the Rebellion Losses Bill. The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867 In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was The Rebellion Losses Bill (full name An Act to provide for the Indemnification of Parties in Lower Canada whose Property was destroyed during the Rebellion in the years 1837 [17]
After World War I, the Prohibition movement in the United States turned Montreal into a haven for Americans looking for alcohol. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Unemployment remained high in the city, and was exacerbated by the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the ’29 Crash, the Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of October 1929 Canada began to recover from the Great Depression in the mid-1930s, when skyscrapers such as the Sun Life Building began to appear. The Sun Life Building is a historical Office building on Dorchester Square in downtown Montreal, Canada.
During World War II, Mayor Camillien Houde protested against conscription and urged Montrealers to disobey the federal government's registry of all men and women. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Camillien Houde ( 13 August 1889 &ndash 11 September 1958) was a Quebec politician a Member of Parliament, and a Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. Ottawa was furious over Houde's insubordination and held him in a prison camp until 1944, when the government was forced to institute conscription (see Conscription Crisis of 1944). Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. The Conscription Crisis of 1944 was a political and military crisis following the introduction of forced military service in Canada during World War II
Montreal's population surpassed one million in the early 1950s. The Saint Lawrence Seaway opened in 1959, allowing vessels to bypass Montreal: a development that would in time help to spell the end of the city's economic dominance. The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes However, the 1960s saw continued growth, including Expo 67, the construction of Canada's tallest skyscrapers, new expressways and the Montreal Metro system. The 1967 International and Universal Exposition, or Expo 67 as it was commonly known was the World's Fair held in Montreal, Canada from April 27 to October The Montreal Metro is a Rubber-tired metro system and the main form of Public transportation in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
The 1970s ushered in a period of wide-ranging social and political changes, stemming in large part from the concerns of the French-Canadian majority about the conservation of their culture and language, given the traditional predominance of the English-Canadian minority in the business arena. The October Crisis and the election of the separatist political party, the Parti Québécois, resulted in major political, ethnic and linguistic shifts. The October Crisis was a series of dramatic events triggered by two terrorist Kidnappings of government officials by members of the The Parti Québécois ' is a Sovereignist Political party that advocates national sovereignty for the Canadian province of Quebec and Despite hosting the 1976 Summer Olympics, Montreal lost its title of Canada's largest and most influential city to Toronto. The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Montreal, Quebec Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario
During the 1980s and early 1990s, Montreal experienced a slower rate of economic growth than many other major Canadian cities. Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time By the late 1990s, however, Montreal's economic climate had improved, as new firms and institutions began to fill the traditional business and financial niches.
Montreal was merged with the 27 surrounding municipalities on the Island of Montreal on January 1, 2002. Merger and demerger Until 2001, the Island of Montreal was divided into 28 municipalities the city of Montreal proper and 27 independent municipalities New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The merger created a unified city of Montreal which covered the entire island of Montreal. This move proved unpopular, and several former municipalities, totalling 13% of the population of the island, voted to leave the newly unified city in separate referendums in June 2004. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita The demerger took place on January 1, 2006, leaving 15 municipalities on the island, including Montreal. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Geography
Montreal is located in the southwest of the province of Quebec, approximately 275 kilometres (168 miles) southwest of Quebec City, the provincial capital, and 167 kilometres (104 mi) east of Ottawa, the federal capital. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. It also lies 502 kilometres (312 mi) northeast of Toronto, 407 kilometres (253 mi) northwest of Boston and 530 kilometres (329 mi) directly north of New York City. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario The City of New York [18]
The city is located on the central and eastern portions of the Island of Montreal at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway This is about the river in Canada For other uses see Ottawa River (disambiguation. The port of Montreal lies at one end of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, which is the river gateway that stretches from the Great Lakes into the Atlantic Ocean. The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. [19] Montreal is defined by its location in between the St. Lawrence river on its south, and by the Rivière des Prairies on its north. The Rivière des Prairies (literally River of the Meadows, sometimes called the Back River in English is a delta channel of the Ottawa River The city is named after the most prominent geographical feature on the island, a three-head hill called Mount Royal. Mount Royal ( Mont Royal) ( is a Hill on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec [20]
Montreal is at the centre of the Montreal Metropolitan Community, and is bordered by the city of Laval to the north, Longueuil to the south, Repentigny to the east and the West Island municipalities to the west. The Greater Montreal Area is the most populous Metropolitan area in the Canadian Province of Quebec. Laval ( IPA læˈvæl is a City and a region in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Greater Montreal Area. For the electoral district please see Repentigny (electoral district Repentigny is an off-island suburb of Montreal, The West Island (in French, l'Ouest de l'île) is the unofficial name given to the western cities and boroughs of the Island of Montreal, in Quebec The anglophone enclaves of Westmount, Montreal West, Hampstead, Côte Saint-Luc, the Town of Mount Royal and the francophone enclave Montreal East are all entirely surrounded by the city of Montreal. An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. Montreal West (French Montréal-Ouest) is a town in southwestern Quebec, Canada on the Island of Montreal. Hampstead is a town in southwestern Quebec, Canada, on the Island of Montreal; pop Côte Saint-Luc is a municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada, situated in Montreal 's West End Town of Mount Royal, or Ville de Mont-Royal in French, is a town located on the northwest side of Mount Royal The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places For the former electoral district please see Montreal East (electoral district. [21]
Climate
Montreal lies at the confluence of several climatic regions. Usually, the climate is classified as humid continental or hemiboreal (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between Hemiboreal means halfway between the temperate and subarctic (or Boreal) zones The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist
Precipitation is abundant with an average snowfall of 2. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. 25 metres (84 in) per year in the winter. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Regular rainfall throughout the year averages 900 mm (35. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to 3 in). Summer is the wettest season statistically, but it is also the sunniest.
The coldest month of the year is January which has a daily average temperature of −10. 4 °C (13 °F) — averaging a daily low of −14. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 9 °C (5. 2 °F), colder than either Moscow (-10 °C) or Saint Petersburg (-6 °C). Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Due to wind chill, the perceived temperature can be much lower than the actual temperature, and wind chill factor is often included in Montreal weather forecasts. This page is for the movie "Wind Chill" For the term see Wind chill. The warmest month is July which has an average daily high of 26. 3 °C (79. 3 °F); lower nighttime temperatures make an average of 20. 9 °C (69. 6 °F) thus air exchangers often achieve the same result as air conditioners. Heat recovery ventilation (also known as a heat exchanger, air exchanger or air-to-air exchanger) is a ventilation system that employs a counter-flow An air conditioner is an Appliance, System, or mechanism designed to extract Heat from an area via a Refrigeration cycle The lowest temperature ever recorded was −37. 8 °C (−36. 0 °F) on 15 January 1957 and the highest temperature ever was 37. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) 6 °C (99. 7 °F) on 1 August 1975. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [22] High humidity is common in the summer which makes the perceived temperature higher than the actual temperature. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. In spring and autumn, rainfall averages between 55 and 94 millimetres (2. 2 and 3. 7 in) a month. Some snow in spring and autumn is normal. Similarly, late heat waves as well as "Indian summers" are a regular feature of the climate. Indian summer is a name given to a period of sunny warm weather in Autumn, not long before Winter. [23]
2006 was noted as the only year in the history of Montreal when there was more rain than there was snow. There were 122. 3 cm (48. 1 in) of snow, and there were 122. 5 cm (48. 2 in) of rain. That year, Montreal received more rain than Vancouver, British Columbia. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C [24][25]
| Weather averages for Montreal, Quebec | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C | -5. 7 | -3. 9 | 2. 2 | 10. 7 | 19. 0 | 23. 6 | 26. 2 | 24. 8 | 19. 7 | 12. 7 | 5. 3 | -2. 2 | 11. 1 |
| Average low °C | -14. 7 | -12. 9 | -6. 7 | 0. 6 | 7. 7 | 12. 7 | 15. 6 | 14. 3 | 9. 4 | 3. 4 | -2. 1 | -10. 4 | 1. 4 |
| Precipitation mm | 78. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 3 | 61. 5 | 73. 6 | 78. 0 | 76. 3 | 83. 1 | 91. 3 | 92. 7 | 92. 6 | 77. 8 | 92. 6 | 81. 3 | 978. 9 |
| Average high °F | 21. 7 | 25. 0 | 36. 0 | 51. 3 | 66. 2 | 74. 5 | 79. 2 | 76. 6 | 67. 5 | 54. 9 | 41. 5 | 28. 0 | 52. 0 |
| Average low °F | 5. 5 | 8. 8 | 19. 9 | 33. 1 | 45. 9 | 54. 9 | 60. 1 | 57. 7 | 48. 9 | 38. 1 | 28. 2 | 13. 3 | 34. 5 |
| Precipitation inches | 3. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 1 | 2. 4 | 2. 9 | 3. 1 | 3. 0 | 3. 3 | 3. 6 | 3. 6 | 3. 6 | 3. 1 | 3. 6 | 3. 2 | 38. 5 |
| Source: Environment Canada[22] 2006-12-18 | |||||||||||||
Cityscape
Architecture
For over a century and a half, Montreal was the industrial and financial centre of Canada. Place d'Armes is a square in Old Montreal quarter of Old Montreal (or Vieux-Montréal in French is the oldest area in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, dating back to New France Mount Royal ( Mont Royal) ( is a Hill on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec The architecture of Montreal, Quebec, Canada is characterized by the juxtaposition of the old and the new and a wide variety of architectural styles the A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The variety of buildings included factories, elevators, warehouses, mills, and refineries which today provide a legacy of historic and architectural interest, especially in the downtown area and the Old Port area. In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods An elevator or lift is a Transport device used to move people or goods vertically from one floor to another A warehouse is a commercial Building for Storage of Goods. Warehouses are used by Manufacturers Importers Exporters A refinery is composed of a group of Chemical engineering unit processes and Unit operations used for Refining certain materials or converting
Today there are also many historical buildings in Old Montreal still in their original form: Notre-Dame de Montréal Basilica, Bonsecours Market, and the impressive 19th-century headquarters of all major Canadian banks on Saint Jacques Street (formerly Saint James Street). Bonsecours Market ( Marché Bonsecours) at 350 Rue Saint-Paul in Old Montreal, is a two-story domed public market Saint Joseph's Oratory, completed in 1934, Ernest Cormier's Art Deco Université de Montréal main building, the landmark Place Ville Marie office tower, the controversial Olympic Stadium and surrounding structures, are but a few notable examples of 20th century architecture. Saint Joseph's Oratory of Mount Royal, (Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal is a Roman Catholic Basilica on the northern slope of Mount Royal in Ernest Cormier, OC ( December 5, 1885 - January 1, 1980) was a Quebec Engineer and Architect who spent much Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Place Ville-Marie or 1 Place Ville-Marie (abbreviated as PVM; also previously called Royal Bank Tower due to its principal tenant is a Cruciform The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976
Pavilions designed for the 1967 International and Universal Exposition, popularly known as Expo 67, featured a wide range of architectural designs. The 1967 International and Universal Exposition, or Expo 67 as it was commonly known was the World's Fair held in Montreal, Canada from April 27 to October Though most pavilions were temporary structures, several remaining structures have become Montreal landmarks, including the geodesic dome US Pavilion, now the Montreal Biosphère, as well as Moshe Safdie's striking Habitat 67 apartment complex. A geodesic dome is an almost spherical shell structure based on a network of Great circles ( Geodesics lying approximately on the surface of a Sphere The Biosphère ( of Environment Canada is a museum in Montreal dedicated to Water and the environment. Moshe Safdie, CC, BArch LLD, FRAIC FAIA (b July 14, 1938) is an Architect and Urban designer Habitat 67 is a housing complex and landmark located on the Marc-Drouin Quay on the Saint Lawrence River at 2600 Pierre Dupuy Avenue in Montreal, Quebec
The Montreal Metro is filled with a profusion of public artwork by some of the biggest names in Quebec culture. The Montreal Metro is a Rubber-tired metro system and the main form of Public transportation in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada The design and ornamentation of each station in the Metro system is unique.
In 2006, the city was recognized by the international design community as a UNESCO City of Design, one of the three world design capitals. [26]
Neighbourhoods
Downtown Montreal
Downtown Montreal lies at the foot of Mount Royal, most of which is a major urban park, and extends toward the St Lawrence River. This is the list of the Neighbourhoods (or districts in the city of Montreal. Downtown Montreal is the Central business district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Old Port See also Old Port of Montreal Shipping has been moved further east to the Port de Montréal site leaving the riverside area of Old Port/Vieux-Port adjacent Mount Royal ( Mont Royal) ( is a Hill on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway It is located entirely within the Ville Marie borough. Ville-Marie is the name of a Borough ( Arrondissement) in the centre of the city of Montreal, Quebec. The Downtown area contains dozens of notable skyscrapers — which bylaws restrict to the height of Mount Royal — including the aforementioned 1000 de La Gauchetière and 1250 René-Lévesque. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper The Tour de la Bourse (Stock Exchange Tower) is also another significant building in Montreal, and is home to the Montreal Exchange, which trades in derivatives such as futures contracts and options. The Montreal Exchange ( Bourse de Montréal, formerly Montreal Stock Exchange) is a Futures exchange, located in Montreal, that trades in The Montreal Exchange was the first stock exchange in Canada. In 1999 all stock trades were transferred to Toronto in exchange for exclusivity in derivatives trading. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario
Place Ville-Marie, an I. M. Pei-designed cruciform office tower built in 1962, sits atop an underground shopping mall that forms the nexus of Montreal's underground city, the world's largest, with indoor access to over 1,600 shops, restaurants, offices, businesses, museums and universities, as well as metro stations, train stations, bus terminals, and tunnels extending all over downtown. Place Ville-Marie or 1 Place Ville-Marie (abbreviated as PVM; also previously called Royal Bank Tower due to its principal tenant is a Cruciform Ieoh Ming Pei ( (b April 26, 1917) commonly known by his initials I For the resurrection device/parasite at the Hyperion Cantos see Cruciform (Hyperion Cantos. Montreal's Underground City (officially RÉSO or La Ville Souterraine in French) is the set of interconnected complexes (both above and below ground in This is a list of the metro stations on the four lines of the Montreal Metro, in Quebec, Canada. The central axis for downtown is Saint Catherine Street, Canada's busiest commercial artery. Saint Catherine Street (now officially rue Sainte-Catherine) is the primary commercial artery of downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada Other major streets include Sherbrooke, René Lévesque, Peel, de la Montagne, de Maisonneuve and Crescent. Sherbrooke Street (officially rue Sherbrooke) is a major east-west artery and at in length is the second longest street on the Island of Montreal. René Lévesque Boulevard ( boulevard René-Lévesque in French) is one of the main streets in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Peel Street ( is located in Central, Hong Kong, named after Robert Peel, the two-time British Prime Minister. Mountain Street (officially Rue de la Montagne) is a street located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. De Maisonneuve Boulevard (officially boulevard de Maisonneuve) is a major urban boulevard located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Crescent Street (officially rue Crescent) is one of Montreal 's party places, filled with clubs and bars The downtown Ville-Marie borough includes two islands, Île Ste. Hélène and Île Notre-Dame. Saint Helen's Island (French Île Sainte-Hélène) ( is an Island in the Saint Lawrence River, in the territory of the city of Montreal Île Notre-Dame ( is an Artificial island built in 10 months from 15 million tons of rock excavated for the Montreal The man-made Notre Dame island hosts the Canadian Grand Prix Formula One auto race, as well as a NASCAR race. The Canadian Grand Prix (known in French as the Grand Prix du Canada) is an auto race held in Canada since 1961. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. La Ronde, the sole amusement park in the Montreal area, is located on Île Sainte-Hélène and is home to the Montreal Fireworks Festival in the summer. La Ronde is the largest Amusement park in the province of Quebec and the second largest in Canada after Canada's Wonderland, with about 2 L’International des Feux Loto-Québec, also known as the Montreal Fireworks Festival, is an important international Fireworks competition
Old Montreal
Old Montreal (French: Vieux-Montréal) is a historic area located southeast of downtown containing many different attractions such as the Old Port of Montreal, Place Jacques-Cartier, Montreal City Hall, the Bonsecours Market, Place d'Armes, Pointe-à-Callière Museum, the Notre-Dame de Montréal Basilica, and the Montreal Science Centre. Old Montreal (or Vieux-Montréal in French is the oldest area in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, dating back to New France Old Montreal (or Vieux-Montréal in French is the oldest area in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, dating back to New France Stretching for over two kilometres along the St-Lawrence River in Old Montreal, the Old Port Of Montreal has been the social economic and cultural soul of Montreal Place Jacques-Cartier is a square located in Old Montreal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and an entrance to the Old Port of The 5 storey Montreal City Hall ( Hôtel de Ville) is the work of architects Henri-Maurice Perrault and Alexander Cowper Hutchison, built between 1872 Bonsecours Market ( Marché Bonsecours) at 350 Rue Saint-Paul in Old Montreal, is a two-story domed public market Pointe-à-Callière Museum is the Montreal museum of archaeology and history located in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Architecture and cobbled streets in Old Montreal have been maintained or restored and are frequented by horse-drawn calèches carrying tourists. A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century was a fashionable type of horse-drawn Carriage in the 19th century Old Montreal is accessible from the downtown core via the underground city and is served by several STM bus routes and metro stations, ferries to the South Shore and a network of bicycle paths. Montreal's Underground City (officially RÉSO or La Ville Souterraine in French) is the set of interconnected complexes (both above and below ground in The Société de transport de Montréal ( English: Montreal Transit Corporation) is the agency that operates Buses and the Métro in
Old Montreal was once a worldwide port, but shipping has been moved further east to a new larger site, leaving the Old Port as a historical area. The newer port is now the biggest container port in North America. The riverside area adjacent to Old Montreal is known as the Old Port. It is now a recreational and historical area maintained by Parks Canada. Parks Canada (French Parcs Canada) is a Government of Canada agency that is mandated to protect and present nationally significant examples of Canada's
Mount Royal
The mountain is the site of Mount Royal Park (officially Parc du Mont-Royal), one of Montreal's largest greenspaces. Mount Royal ( Mont Royal) ( is a Hill on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec Mount Royal ( Mont Royal) ( is a Hill on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec Mount Royal ( Mont Royal) ( is a Hill on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec The park, most of which is wooded, was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also designed New York's Central Park, and inaugurated in 1876. Frederick Law Olmsted ( April 25, 1822 &ndash August 28, 1903) was an American landscape designer and father of American The City of New York Central Park is a large public Urban park in New York City, with about twenty-five million visitors annually An inauguration is a ceremony of formal Investiture whereby an individual assumes an office or position of authority or power
The park contains two belvederes, the more prominent of which is the Kondiaronk Belvedere, a semicircular plaza with a chalet, overlooking downtown Montreal. Belvedere (occasionally Belvidere) is an architectural term adopted from Italian (literally "fair view" which refers to any architectural structure sited CHALET is a mnemonic indicating a protocol used by Emergency services to report situations which they may be faced with especially as it relates to major incidents Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense Other features of the park are Beaver Lake, a small man-made lake; a short ski slope; a sculpture garden; Smith House, an interpretive centre; and a well-known monument to Sir George-Étienne Cartier. A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the Snow skiing is a group of sports utilizing Skis as primary equipment Artificial ski slopes or dry ski slopes are ski slopes that mimic the attributes of Snow using materials that are stable at room Temperature, to enable A sculpture garden is an outdoor garden dedicated to the presentation of Sculpture, usually several permanently-sited works in durable materials in landscaped surroundings An interpretation centre, or interpretive centre, is an institution for dissemination of knowledge of natural or Cultural heritage. Sir George-Étienne Cartier, Bart, KCMG, PC ( September 6, 1814 &ndash May 20, 1873) was a French-Canadian The park hosts athletic, tourist, and cultural activities.
The mountain is also home to two major cemeteries, Notre-Dame-des-Neiges (founded in 1854) and Mount Royal (1852). Mount Royal Cemetery is a 165 acres (67 ha) terraced cemetery on the north slope of Mount Royal in the borough of Outremont. Opened in 1852, Mount Royal Cemetery is a 165-acre (668 000 m² terraced cemetery on the north slope of Mount Royal in the borough The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. Mount Royal ( Mont Royal) ( is a Hill on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges is much larger, predominantly French-Canadian and officially Catholic[27]. More than 900,000 people are buried there.
Mount Royal Cemetery contains more than 162,000 graves and is the final resting place for a number of notable Canadians. It includes a veterans section with several soldiers who were awarded the British Empire's highest military honour, the Victoria Cross. In 1901 the Mount Royal Cemetery Company established the first crematorium in Canada.
The name of the city of Montreal derives from mont Réal, an orthographic variant introduced either in French, or by an Italian map maker ("Mount Royal" is monte Reale in Italian). The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific Writing system to write the language Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The name had been unofficially applied to the city, formerly Ville-Marie, by the 18th century.
The first cross on the mountain was placed there in 1643 by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, the founder of the city, in fulfilment of a vow he made to the Virgin Mary when praying to her to stop a disastrous flood. The Christian cross is the best-known Religious symbol of Christianity. Paul Chomedey sieur de Maisonneuve ( February 15, 1612 &ndash September 9, 1676) was a French military officer and the founder A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge Today, the mountain is crowned by a 31. 4 m (103 ft) high illuminated cross, installed in 1924 by the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste and now owned by the city. The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society (French Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste) is an institution in Quebec. It was converted to fibre-optic light in 1992. An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length The new system can turn the lights red, blue, or purple, the last of which is used as a sign of mourning between the death of the Pope and the election of the next.
Underground City
Extending all over downtown is Montreal's Underground City (French: La ville souterraine), a set of pedestrian levels built to cross under streets, thereby connecting buildings to each other. Central Station (Gare Centrale ( IATA: YMY is the major Inter-city rail station and a major commuter rail hub in Montreal, Quebec Place Ville-Marie or 1 Place Ville-Marie (abbreviated as PVM; also previously called Royal Bank Tower due to its principal tenant is a Cruciform Montreal's Underground City (officially RÉSO or La Ville Souterraine in French) is the set of interconnected complexes (both above and below ground in Montreal's Underground City (officially RÉSO or La Ville Souterraine in French) is the set of interconnected complexes (both above and below ground in It is also known as the indoor city (ville intérieure), as not all of it is underground. The connections are considered tunnels architecturally and technically, but have conditioned air and good lighting as any building's liveable space does. Many tunnels are large enough to have shops on both sides of the passage. With over 32 kilometres (20 mi) of tunnels spread over more than twelve square kilometres (5 sq mi), connected areas include shopping malls, hotels, banks, offices, museums, universities, seven metro stations, two commuter train stations, a regional bus terminal and the Bell Centre amphitheatre and arena. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The Montreal Metro is a Rubber-tired metro system and the main form of Public transportation in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada A bus terminus is a designated place where a Bus or coach starts or ends its scheduled route The Bell Centre (Le Centre Bell) formerly known as the Molson Centre, has been the home of the Montreal Canadiens since March 16, There are more than 120 exterior access points to the underground city. Each access point is an entry point to one of 60 residential or commercial complexes comprising 3. 6 square kilometres (1. 4 sq mi) of floor space, including 80% of all office space and 35% of all commercial space in downtown Montreal. In winter, some 500,000 people use the underground city every day. Because of its Underground City, Montreal is often referred to as "Two Cities in One. "
Culture
Montreal is the cultural centre of Quebec, and of French-speaking North America as a whole. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk The city is Canada's centre for French language television productions, radio, theatre, film, multimedia and print publishing. The Quartier Latin is a neighbourhood crowded with cafés animated by this literary and musical activity. The Quartier Latin is an area in the Ville-Marie borough of Montreal, surrounding UQAM and lower Saint-Denis Street between downtown and the The local English-speaking artistic community nevertheless contributes dynamically to the culture of Montreal, and intense collaborations exist between all Montreal communities. The result is a dynamic musical scene, ignited by the presence of numerous musical festivals, that melds different musical styles and traditions. English theatre struggled but survived with the Centaur Theatre. The Centaur Theatre Company is a Theatre company based in Montreal, Quebec. Ethnic theatre, by the 1970s, began to be a force with the Black Theatre Workshop, the Yiddish Theatre established at the Saidye Bronfman Centre and the Teesri Duniya Theatre. In the late 1990s, Montreal started to become a hotspot for low-budget independent English theatre with companies such as Optative Theatrical Laboratories, MainLine Theatre, Gravy Bath Theatre, Sa Booge, Persephone, Pumpkin Productions, and Tableau D'Hôte Theatre adding to the scene.
A cultural heart of classical art and the venue for many summer festivals, the Place des Arts is a complex of different concert and theatre halls surrounding a large open-spaced square in the downtown. Place des Arts is a major Performing arts centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Place des Arts harbours the headquarters of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra (OSM: Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal), which performs in its halls regularly. Orchestre symphonique de Montréal ( OSM) ( Montreal Symphony Orchestra) is a Symphony orchestra based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada The OSM is one of the world's foremost orchestras, most remembered for the quality of its performance of the repertoire of Maurice Ravel under conductor Charles Dutoit. Charles Édouard Dutoit (born October 7, 1936) is a Swiss conductor, particularly noted for his interpretations of French and Russian 20th century Since 2006, the OSM has a new conductor, the American Kent Nagano. __FORCETOC__ Kent Nagano (born November 22, 1951) is an American conductor and opera administrator L'orchestre métropolitain and the chamber orchestra I Musici de Montréal are two other well-regarded Montreal orchestras. I Musici de Montréal is a Canadian Chamber orchestra. The orchestra is comprised of 15 musicians and performs works that range from baroque to the contemporary Also performing home at Place des Arts is the Opéra de Montréal and the city’s chief ballet company Les Grands Ballets Canadiens. Opéra de Montréal is an Opera company in Montreal. It performs at the Place des Arts theatre complex in downtown Montreal in the borough of Ville-Marie Les Grands Ballets Canadiens de Montréal is a Canadian Ballet company based in Montreal, Quebec. In contemporary dance, Montreal has been active, particularly since the 1980s. Internationally recognized avant-garde dance troupes such as La La La Human Steps, O Vertigo, and the Fondation Jean-Pierre Perreault have toured the world and worked with international popular artists on videos and concerts. La La La Human Steps is a leading Québécois Contemporary dance group in Canada, known for its energetic acrobatic style that often involves fast-paced The intelligent integration of multi-discipline arts in choreography of these troupes has paved the way for the success of the Montreal-based Cirque du Soleil. Cirque du Soleil (French for "Circus of the Sun" in English sɜrk duː soʊˈleɪ is an entertainment company
Festivals
The plaza on Place des Arts is the home of the most important events during several musical festivals, including the Montreal International Jazz Festival and Montreal Francofolies, a festival of French-speaking song artists. Festivals and parades in Montreal is a link page for any established Festival or Carnival, or Parade in Montreal. The Festival International de Jazz de Montréal (FIJM (Eng Montreal International Jazz Festival also called the Jazz Fest, is the largest Jazz festival in the Les FrancoFolies de Montréal is a large annual festival located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, featuring over 1000 French-language Each of the two festivals lasts seven-to-ten days and shows are presented in a wide variety of venues, from relatively small clubs to the large halls of Place des Arts. Some of the outdoor shows are held on cordoned-off streets while others are in terraced parks. The most popular festival, in terms of attendance, is the Just For Laughs Festival. Just for Laughs (in French Juste pour rire) is a Comedy festival held each July in A comedy festival held in both languages, it features comedians, humourists, and stand-ups from all over the world. The Montreal Fireworks Festival also attracts a lot of attention. L’International des Feux Loto-Québec, also known as the Montreal Fireworks Festival, is an important international Fireworks competition On the evenings of competition, tens of thousands of people watch the fireworks for free on their roofs or from locations nearby the competition. Other festivals in Montreal include Pop Montreal, The Fringe Festival, la Fête des Neiges de Montréal[28], and Nujaz. Annual family-oriented events promoting health and cycling are also organized in the streets of Montreal. Parades are also popular in downtown Montreal.
The city is increasingly becoming known for its mainstream party festivals such as the Black and Blue Festival, the world's largest gay-benefit dance festival, attracting thousands of tourists to the city every Canadian Thanksgiving weekend, which raises money for HIV/AIDS and the gay community, as well as the Bal en Blanc held every Easter Sunday, also attracting thousands every year. The Black & Blue Festival is the world's largest Gay - Benefit Dance festival, attracting thousands of tourists to Montreal every Canadian Bal en Blanc is a huge Rave party that is hosted annually in April during Easter holiday weekend in Montreal, Canada.
Tourism
During the period of Prohibition in the United States, Montreal became well-known as one of North America's "sin cities" with unparalleled nightlife, a reputation it still holds today. Scotiabank (Banque Scotia () the trademark name for The Bank of Nova Scotia, is one of Canada 's Big Five banks. Saint Catherine Street (now officially rue Sainte-Catherine) is the primary commercial artery of downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol The United States of America —commonly referred to as the NightLife with Tony Delroy is a popular late night talkback show across ABC Local Radio, Broadcasting from the 702 ABC Sydney studios in Ultimo In part, its bustling nightlife is attributed to its relatively late "last call" (3 a. m. ), and its many restaurants and after hours clubs that stay open well on into the morning. The large university population (195,000 students), the rarely enforced drinking age of 18, and the excellent public transportation system (a network of night buses replaces the metro between 1:00 and 5:00 a. m. ) combine with other aspects of the Montreal culture to make the city's night life unique.
Crescent Street is "party central" for Montreal's tourist population, lying at the edge of the Concordia University campus. Crescent Street (officially rue Crescent) is one of Montreal 's party places, filled with clubs and bars Concordia University is a comprehensive Public university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Throughout the summer, it features street fairs and festivals. The Formula 1 Canadian Grand Prix unofficially starts off Montreal's non-stop festival season in the summer. The Canadian Grand Prix (known in French as the Grand Prix du Canada) is an auto race held in Canada since 1961. Crescent Street also features many clubs and bars. The clientele of Crescent nightclubs and bars are mostly students, tourists and in general a younger crowd looking for exhilaration and excitement. Most venues will play Top 40 music. The nearest subway stops are Peel, Lucien-L'Allier and Guy-Concordia.
Saint-Laurent Boulevard, known locally as "The Main", is one of the best places to find nightlife, with many bars and nightclubs and a wide range of restaurants. For the Ottawa road see St Laurent Boulevard. For the Gatineau road called "Boulevard Saint-Laurent" see Boulevard des Allumettières Saint Lawrence Saint-Laurent street night spots are often less mainstream than those on Crescent street, with a great variety: from Top 40 and urban music to electronica and techno, from underground and alternative rock to live bands. South of Prince Arthur Street, toward Sherbrooke Street, one is likely to encounter a "posher" clientele. Sherbrooke Street (officially rue Sherbrooke) is a major east-west artery and at in length is the second longest street on the Island of Montreal. From Prince Arthur Street north (to Avenue du Mont-Royal and beyond), one should expect to rub shoulders with an "edgier" crowd. The nearest subway stops are Saint-Laurent on the green line and Sherbrooke to Laurier on the orange line. Saint-Laurent is a station on the Green Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system operated by the Société de transport de Montréal Sherbrooke is a station on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal Laurier is a station on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal
Another highly notable nightlife area is the Plateau Mont-Royal neighbourhood, with most of the bars, restaurants and nightclubs centred around Saint-Denis Sreet. and Mount Royal Ave.
Montreal is also one of the biggest gay destinations in North America with a flourishing Gay village, the largest of its kind on the North American continent, which houses three of the city's most popular clubs, Unity, Parking and Sky, along with dozens of restaurants and shops. Montreal's Gay Village ( The Village, French, Le Village gai or simply Le Village) is located on Saint Catherine Street Club Unity Montreal, located in the Gay Village of Montreal Quebec, Canada, is one of the most well-known Gay dance clubs
Cuisine
Montreal's culinary landscape is perhaps most influenced by the multinational fabric of its allophone communities. Quebec' s traditional cuisine is today being rediscovered and is as rich and diverse as Quebec itself In Quebec, an allophone is a resident usually an immigrant whose Mother tongue or Home language is neither English nor French Italian, Greek, Portuguese and Jewish communities have contributed to the making up of Montreal's delicatessens and other restaurants. Jewish culinary contributions include the world-renowned Montreal-style smoked meat sandwiches and Montreal style bagels. Culinary art is the Art of Cooking. The word "culinary" is defined as something related to or connected with cooking or Kitchens A culinarian Smoked meat is a method of preparing Fish and Red meat which originates in Prehistory. The Montreal bagel, (sometimes beigel; Yiddish yi-Hebr בײגל beygl, or sometimes in French "beguel" is a distinctive variety of hand-made Lebanese falafels and Japanese sushi have become appreciated cuisines. Due to all of the above, Montreal and its culinary landscape was the focus of Gourmet magazine's March 2006 issue. Gourmet magazine is a monthly publication of Condé Nast Publications (which also produces its sister publication Bon Appétit) Since its inception, the magazine has focused its attention on a single city in only five other issues.
Religion
Nicknamed "la ville aux cent clochers" (the city of a hundred belltowers), Montreal is renowned for its churches. Indeed, as Mark Twain once noted, "This is the first time I was ever in a city where you couldn't throw a brick without breaking a church window. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30 1835 – April 21 1910 better known by the Pen name Mark Twain, was an American Humorist, satirist "[29] The city has four Roman Catholic basilicas: Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral, the aforementioned Notre-Dame Basilica, St. Patrick's Basilica, and Saint Joseph's Oratory. The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman The Cathedral - Basilica of Mary Queen of the World ( Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Saint Joseph's Oratory of Mount Royal, (Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal is a Roman Catholic Basilica on the northern slope of Mount Royal in The Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world after that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2
Other well-known churches include Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel, which is sometimes called the Sailors' Church, and the Anglican Christ Church Cathedral, which was completely excavated and suspended above an excavated pit during the construction of part of the Underground City. The Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel ( chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours, "Our Lady of Good Help" is a church in the district of Old Montreal Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Christ Church Cathedral is an Anglican Cathedral in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Montreal All of the above are major tourist destinations, particularly Notre-Dame and the Oratory.
Sports and recreation
- See also: List of Montreal parks
The biggest sport following in Montreal clearly belongs to hockey – and the city is famous for its hockey-hungry fans. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The Montreal Canadiens are one of the Original Six NHL teams, and boast the greatest number of Stanley Cup championships at 24 (11 more than second place Toronto). The Montreal Canadiens (Les Canadiens de Montréal are a professional Ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. For the first ships of the United States Navy, see Six original United States frigates. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Stanley Cup (La Coupe Stanley is an Ice hockey club championship Trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL playoffs champion The only other team in the four major North American sports leagues to have this many titles is baseball's New York Yankees, and their 26 titles. The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York.
Montreal has a storied baseball history. The city was the home of the Montreal Royals until 1960 and Jackie Robinson broke the baseball colour barrier with the Royals in 1946. The Montreal Royals were a minor league professional baseball team located in Montreal, Quebec, that existed from 1897-1917 and from 1928-60 as a member Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 31 1919 – October 24 1972 was a Baseball player for the Brooklyn Dodgers. The baseball color line, sometimes called the " Gentleman's Agreement " was the policy unwritten for nearly its entire duration which excluded African [30] Major League Baseball came to town in the form of the Montreal Expos in 1969. Franchise history Creation of the franchise In 1960 Montreal lost its International League team the Montreal Royals (an affiliate of They played their games at Jarry Park until moving into Olympic Stadium in 1977. Jarry Park Stadium ( Parc Jarry) is a former Baseball park in Montreal which served as home to the Montreal Expos, Major The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 After 37 years in Montreal, the team relocated to Washington, DC in 2005 and re-branded themselves as the Washington Nationals. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Washington Nationals is an American professional baseball team based in Washington D [31] Various groups are trying to bring a Can-Am League team to the city to fill the void created by the departure of the Expos.
The Montreal Alouettes of the CFL draw packed crowds at the small but picturesque Molson Stadium for their regular season games. The Montreal Alouettes ( French: les Alouettes de Montréal) are a Canadian Football League team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in Percival Molson Memorial Stadium is a stadium owned by McGill University and is the home of the Montreal Alouettes and the McGill Redmen. Late season and playoff games are played at the much larger, enclosed Olympic Stadium, which will also play host to the 2008 Grey Cup. The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 Broadcast This is the first Grey Cup not to be broadcast on CBC-TV since they started broadcasting the Grey Cup The McGill Redmen, Concordia Stingers, and Université de Montréal Carabins play in the CIS university football league. The McGill Redmen are the men's athletic teams that represent McGill University in Montreal Quebec, Canada. The Concordia Stingers are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University in Montreal Quebec, Canada. The Carabins are the athletic teams that represent the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Season structure Regular season The regular season is eight weeks long and opens on the Labour Day weekend
The city's USL First Division soccer team is called the Montreal Impact. History In 1996 the United Systems of Independent Soccer Leagues established the new Select League consisting of its strongest teams from its professional FIFA Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Montreal Impact Football Club ( Impact de Montréal) is a Canadian professional Football team founded in 1993 They will open their brand new soccer-specific stadium in 2008 when they move to Saputo Stadium. Soccer-specific stadium (or football-specific stadium) is a term used mainly in the United States and Canada, coined by Lamar Hunt, to refer Saputo Stadium ( French: Stade Saputo) is a Soccer-specific stadium in Montreal Quebec, Canada which opened on May 21 There has been talk of the team moving to Major League Soccer in time for the 2010 season. Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U The Montreal games of the FIFA 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup were held at Olympic Stadium. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football) The 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the sixteenth edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup (formerly called FIFA World Youth Championship hosted by Canada from The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 [32]
Montreal is the site of two high-profile racing events each year: the Canadian Grand Prix of F1 racing and a NASCAR race in the Nationwide Series. The Canadian Grand Prix (known in French as the Grand Prix du Canada) is an auto race held in Canada since 1961. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. The NASCAR Nationwide Series is a Stock car racing series owned and operated by the National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing. These races take place on the famous Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on Île Notre-Dame, where the Champ Car series also raced from 2002 until 2006. The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve is a motor racing circuit which was the venue for the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix, and is the venue of NASCAR Canadian Île Notre-Dame ( is an Artificial island built in 10 months from 15 million tons of rock excavated for the Montreal Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis
Stade Uniprix (Uniprix Stadium) was built in 1993 and is used for the annual Rogers Cup Tennis Masters tournament. The ATP men's tennis tour and the Sony Ericsson WTA women's tennis tour switch between Montreal and Toronto every year.
Montreal was the host of the 1976 Summer Olympics. The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Montreal, Quebec The Montreal Games were the most expensive in Olympic history, costing over $5 billion (equivalent to $20 billion in 2006). Bad planning led to the Games' cost far exceeding the budget, and the city just finished paying the debt off in December 2006. However, the games were still considered an immense success in the eyes of the IOC, and it furthered Montreal's reputation on the world stage. For a time, it seemed that the Olympic Games might no longer be a viable financial proposition. There was also a boycott by African nations to protest against a recent tour of apartheid-run South Africa by a New Zealand rugby side. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci won the women's individual all around gold medal with two of four possible perfect scores, thus giving birth to a gymnastics dynasty in Romania. Nadia Elena Comăneci (originally Comăneci /komə'neʧʲ/ born November 12 1961 is a Romanian gymnast, winner of five Olympic gold medals Another female gymnast to earn the perfect score and three gold medals there was Nellie Kim of the USSR. Nellie Vladimirovna Kim ( Russian: rus Нелли Владимировна Ким b
Montreal hosted the first ever World Outgames in the summer of 2006, attracting over 16,000 participants engaged in 35 sporting activities. The World Outgames are a sporting and cultural event hosted by the gay community They were the biggest sporting event in the city since the Summer Olympics of 1976.
Five beaches around the island, in addition to a network of parks that include one on the Mont Royal, offer a set of recreational activities enjoyed by the local population.
| Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montreal Canadiens | NHL | Hockey | Bell Centre | 1909 | 24 |
| Montreal Alouettes | CFL | Football | Percival Molson Memorial Stadium Olympic Stadium | 1946–87 1996–today | 7 |
| Montreal Impact | USL | Soccer | Stade Saputo | 1993 | 2 |
| Montreal Expos | MLB | Baseball | Olympic Stadium | 1969–2005 (Now Washington Nationals) | 0 |
| Montreal Royal | ABA | Basketball | Centre Pierre Charbonneau | 2005 | 0 |
| Quebec Caribou | RCSL | Rugby | Dollard-des-Ormeaux | 1998 | 0 |
Economy
Montreal started out as the economic centre and largest city of Canada from the birth of the country up until the early 1970s when it was overcome by Toronto, due to political and economic crisis. The Montreal Canadiens (Les Canadiens de Montréal are a professional Ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The Bell Centre (Le Centre Bell) formerly known as the Molson Centre, has been the home of the Montreal Canadiens since March 16, The Montreal Alouettes ( French: les Alouettes de Montréal) are a Canadian Football League team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) Percival Molson Memorial Stadium is a stadium owned by McGill University and is the home of the Montreal Alouettes and the McGill Redmen. The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 Montreal Impact Football Club ( Impact de Montréal) is a Canadian professional Football team founded in 1993 History In 1996 the United Systems of Independent Soccer Leagues established the new Select League consisting of its strongest teams from its professional FIFA Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Saputo Stadium ( French: Stade Saputo) is a Soccer-specific stadium in Montreal Quebec, Canada which opened on May 21 Franchise history Creation of the franchise In 1960 Montreal lost its International League team the Montreal Royals (an affiliate of Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 The Washington Nationals is an American professional baseball team based in Washington D Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Centre Pierre Charbonneau is a sports Arena located in Montreal Quebec. The Quebec Caribou' are a Rugby union team located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Overview Founded in 1998 the Super League is considered to be Canada's premier rugby competition Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Dollard-des-Ormeaux (also spelled Dollard-Des Ormeaux; often referred to as D Also, Toronto had been growing faster since the end of the Second World War. The loss of many headquarters and a large anglophone business community of about 300,000 people lessened Montreal's economic and social importance, and it stayed in a decline for over 15 years.
In the early 1990s, Montreal's economic recovery helped to place it as an important centre of commerce, industry, culture, finance, and world affairs.
Montreal industries include aerospace, electronic goods, pharmaceuticals, printed goods, software engineering, telecommunications, textile and apparel manufacturing, tobacco and transportation. La Tour de la Bourse ( Stock Exchange Tower) is Montreal 's third-tallest building an International Style Skyscraper by Luigi Moretti University Street is a major north-south street located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body Software engineering is the application of a systematic disciplined quantifiable approach to the development operation and maintenance of Software. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. The service sector is also strong and includes civil, mechanical and process engineering, finance, higher education, and research and development. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built Mechanical Engineering is an Engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis Design, Manufacturing Process engineering is often a synonym for Chemical engineering and focuses on the design operation and maintenance of chemical and material manufacturing processes The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges In 2002, Montreal ranked as the 4th largest centre in North America in terms of aerospace jobs. [33]
The Port of Montreal is the largest inland port in the world. The Port of Montreal, located in Canada 's second largest metropolis is one of the busiest on the North American continent and the largest inland port on Earth As one of the most important ports in Canada, it remains a trans-shipment point for grain, sugar, petroleum products, machinery, and consumer goods. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit For this reason, Montreal is the railway hub of Canada and has always been an extremely important rail city; it is the eastern terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway and home to the headquarters of the Canadian National Railway. The Canadian Pacific Railway (
The headquarters of the Canadian Space Agency are located in Longueuil, southeast of Montreal. The Canadian Space Agency ( CSA or in French, l' Agence spatiale canadienne, ASC) is the Canadian government Montreal also hosts the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, a United Nations body); the World Anti-Doping Agency (an Olympic body); the International Air Transport Association (IATA); the International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda); the International Design Alliance (IDA); Gay and Lesbian International Chamber of Commerce, as well as some 60 other international organizations in various fields. The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The World Anti-Doping Agency ( WADA) Agence mondiale antidopage is an independent foundation created through a collective initiative led by the International Olympic Committee It is also the leading Canadian city for its research output, fuelled in part by Montreal's four universities and numerous scientific research centres.
Montreal is also a centre of film and television production. Place Ville-Marie or 1 Place Ville-Marie (abbreviated as PVM; also previously called Royal Bank Tower due to its principal tenant is a Cruciform The headquarters of Alliance Atlantis and five studios of the Academy Award-winning documentary producer National Film Board of Canada can be found here, as well as the head offices of Telefilm Canada, the national feature-length film and television funding agency. Alliance Atlantis Communications Inc (formerly traded as TSX:AAC was a Toronto -based media company that operated primarily as a Specialty service "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is Canada's public film producer and distributor Telefilm Canada or Téléfilm Canada is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Canada. Given its eclectic architecture and broad availability of film services and crew members, Montreal is a popular filming location for feature-length films, and sometimes stands in for European locations. The city is also home to many recognized cultural, film and music festivals (Just For Laughs, Montreal Jazz Festival, and others), which contribute significantly to its economy. It is also home to one of the world's largest cultural enterprises, the Cirque du Soleil. Cirque du Soleil (French for "Circus of the Sun" in English sɜrk duː soʊˈleɪ is an entertainment company
The video game industry is also booming in Montreal since 1997, coinciding with the opening of Ubisoft Montreal. Ubisoft Montreal is a Canadian Video game developer located in Montreal, Quebec. Recently, the city has attracted world leading game developers and publishers studios such as Ubisoft, EA, Eidos Interactive, Artificial Mind and Movement, Strategy First, mainly because video games jobs have been heavily subsidized by the provincial government. Ubisoft Entertainment (formerly Ubi Soft) ( is a French computer and Video game publisher and developer with headquarters in Eidos Interactive is a publisher of video and Computer games with its parent company based in England. Artificial Mind and Movement ( A2M) founded in 1992 in Quebec City, Québec, is the largest independent game development studio in Canada Strategy First is a software company based in Montreal, Canada. Every year, this industry generates billions of dollars and thousands of jobs in the Montreal area.
Rio Tinto Alcan, Bombardier, CN, CGI Group, Air Canada, CAE, Saputo, Cirque du Soleil, Quebecor, Power Corporation, Bell Canada, SNC-Lavalin, Hydro-Québec, Abitibi-Consolidated, National Bank of Canada, ABB Canada, and many other corporations are headquartered in the Greater Montreal Area. Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942 CGI Group Inc () is an Information technology (IT management and business process services (BPS company Air Canada () is Canada 's largest Airline and Flag carrier. The airline founded in 1937 has had its corporate headquarters in Montreal Saputo Inc ( is a Montreal based Canadian Dairy company Founded as a cheese store in 1954 by Italian immigrant Giuseppe Saputo Cirque du Soleil (French for "Circus of the Sun" in English sɜrk duː soʊˈleɪ is an entertainment company Quebecor Inc ( is a Canadian communications company based in Montreal, Quebec. Power Corporation of Canada ( is a major Canadian company with assets in North America and Europe in a number of industries Bell Canada, commonly shortened to "Bell" is a major Canadian Telecommunications company SNC-Lavalin Group Inc ( is a large Canadian Engineering firm One of the ten largest engineering firms in the world it is based in Montreal, Hydro-Québec is a Crown corporation that provides electricity to Quebec, Canada and the north-eastern parts of the United States Abitibi-Consolidated is a Canadian pulp and paper company based in Montreal Quebec. National Bank of Canada ( Banque Nationale du Canada) ( is the sixth largest Bank in Canada. The Greater Montreal Area is the most populous Metropolitan area in the Canadian Province of Quebec.
In 2006 Montreal was named a UNESCO City of Design, only one of three design capitals of the world (with the others being Berlin and Buenos Aires). United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern This distinguished title recognizes Montreal's design community. Since 2005 the city is also a home for the International Design Alliance and the International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda). [34]
Demographics
According to Statistics Canada, at the 2006 Canadian census the city of Montreal proper had 1,620,693 inhabitants. Demographics of the city of Montreal, Quebec. General overview According to StatsCan, in 2001, the city of Montreal had Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population [1] However, 3,635,571 lived in the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) at the same 2006 census, up from 3,451,027 at the 2001 census (within 2006 CMA boundaries), which means a population growth of +1. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to 05% per year between 2001 and 2006. [3] In the 2006 census, children under 14 years of age (621,695) constituted 17. 1 percent, while inhabitants over 65 years of age (495,685) numbered 13. 6 percent of the total population. [1] People of European ethnicities formed the largest cluster of ethnic groups in Montreal, mostly of French, Italian, Irish, and English origins. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English [35] Some 16. 5 percent of the population of Greater Montreal are member of a visible minority (non-white) group. [36] Canadians of African descent contribute to the largest visible minority group in greater Montreal, numbering some 169,065, which is the second-largest community of African-origin people in Canada, after Toronto. Black Canadians', Caribbean Canadians, and African Canadians are designations used for people of Black African descent who reside in Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario [36] Other groups, such as Arabs, Latin American, South Asian, and Chinese are also large in number. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world.
| 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,003,868[37] | 1,116,800[37] | 1,320,232[37] | 1,747,696[38] | 1,959,180[38] | 1,760,122[38] | 1,775,871[38] | 1,775,846[39] | 1,812,723[40] | 1,854,442[40] |
| 1996[41] | 2001[42] | 2006[10] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| French | 71. 2% | 72. 1% | 70. 5% |
| English | 19. 4% | 18. 5% | 18. 5% |
| Other language | 13. 4% | 13. 1% | 14. 6% |
| Note that percentages add up to more than 100% because some people speak two or more languages at home. | |||
In terms of mother tongue language (first language learned), the 2006 census reported that in the Greater Montreal Area, 66. The Greater Montreal Area is the most populous Metropolitan area in the Canadian Province of Quebec. 5% spoke French as a first language, followed by English at 13. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States 2%, while 0. 8% spoke both as a first language. [43] The remaining 22. 5% of Montreal-area residents are allophones, speaking languages including Italian (3. In Phonetics, an allophone is one of several similar speech sounds ( Phones that belong to the same Phoneme. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. 5%), Arabic (3. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language 1%), Spanish (2. 6%), Creole (predominantly of Haitian origin) (1. A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. 4%), Chinese (1. 2%), Greek (1. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly 2%), Portuguese (0. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. 9%), Romanian (0. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance 7%), Vietnamese (0. Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) 7%), and Russian (0. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages 5%). [43] In terms of additional languages spoken, a unique feature of Montreal throughout Canada, noted by Statistics Canada, is the working knowledge of both French and English by most of its residents.
The Greater Montreal Area is overwhelmingly Roman Catholic, however, church attendance in Quebec is among the lowest in Canada. [44] Historically Montreal has been a centre of Catholicism in North America with its numerous seminaries and churches, including the Notre-Dame Basilica, the Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde, and Saint Joseph's Oratory. The Cathedral - Basilica of Mary Queen of the World ( Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Saint Joseph's Oratory of Mount Royal, (Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal is a Roman Catholic Basilica on the northern slope of Mount Royal in Some 84. 6 percent of the total population is Christian,[45] largely Roman Catholic (74. 5%), which is largely due to French, Italian and Irish origins. Protestants which include Anglican, United Church, Lutheran and other denominations number 7. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs United and uniting churches are churches formed from the merger or other form of union of two or more different Protestant denominations. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther 0%, with a further 3. 0% consisting mostly of Orthodox Christians, fuelled by a large Greek population. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Due to the large number of non-European cultures, there is a diversity of non-Christian religions. Islam is the largest non-Christian group, with some 100,185 members, the second-largest concentration of Muslims in Canada, constituting 3%. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page [45] The Jewish community in Montreal has a population of 88,765. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ [45] In cities such as Côte-Saint-Luc and Hampstead, Jewish people constitute the majority,[46][47] or a substantial part of the population. Côte Saint-Luc is a municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada, situated in Montreal 's West End Hampstead is a town in southwestern Quebec, Canada, on the Island of Montreal; pop As recently as 1971 the Jewish community in Greater Montreal was as high as 109,480. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ [38] Political and economic uncertainties led many to leave Montreal and the province of Quebec. For the 1970s migration of Quebec anglophones to other Canadian provinces see English-speaking Quebecers The Quebec diaspora consists of Quebec [48]
Government
The head of the city government in Montreal is the mayor, who is first among equals in the City Council. This is a list of Mayors of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, since the city was incorporated in 1832 Primus inter pares ( Latin) or First among equals is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people The Montreal City Council is the governing body of Montreal Quebec. The mayor is Gérald Tremblay, who is a member of the Union des citoyens et des citoyennes de l'Île de Montréal (English: Montreal Island Citizens Union). Gérald Tremblay (born September 20, 1942 in Ottawa) is a Canadian Politician currently serving his second term as English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The city council is a democratically elected institution and is the final decision-making authority in the city, although much power is centralized in the executive committee. The Council consists of 73 members from all boroughs of the city. The city of Montreal is divided into 19 Boroughs (in French, Arrondissements ' each with a mayor and council The Council has jurisdiction over many matters, including public security, agreements with other governments, subsidy programs, the environment, urban planning, and a three-year capital expenditure program. Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf) the condition of being protected against physical social spiritual financial political See also Nature The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and The City Council is also required to supervise, standardize or approve certain decisions made by the borough councils. The city of Montreal is divided into 19 Boroughs (in French, Arrondissements ' each with a mayor and council
Reporting directly to the City Council, the executive committee exercises decision-making powers similar to that of the cabinet in a parliamentary system and is responsible for preparing various documents including budgets and by-laws, submitted to the City Council for approval. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which Budget (from French bougette, purse generally refers to a list of all planned expenses and revenues A bylaw (sometimes also spelled by-law or byelaw) most commonly refers to a city or municipal law or ordinance passed under the authority of a Charter The decision-making powers of the executive committee cover, in particular, the awarding of contracts or grants, the management of human and financial resources, supplies and buildings. A contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do or refrain from doing an act which is enforceable in a court of law Grants are funds dispersed by one party (Grant Makers often a Government Department Corporation Foundation or Trust to a recipient, often (but not always Public finance is a field of economics concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities and with the administration and design of those activities It may also be assigned further powers by the City Council.
Standing committees are the council's prime instruments for public consultation. They are responsible for the public study of pending matters and for making the appropriate recommendations to the council. They also review the annual budget forecasts for departments under their jurisdiction. A public notice of meeting is published in both French and English daily newspapers at least seven days before each meeting. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. All meetings include a public question period. The standing committees, of which there are seven, have terms lasting two years. In addition, the City Council may decide to create special committees at any time. Each standing committee is made up of seven to nine members, including a chairman and a vice-chairman. The members are all elected municipal officers, with the exception of a representative of the government of Quebec on the public security committee. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk
The city of Montreal is only one component of the larger Communauté Métropolitaine de Montréal (English: Montreal Metropolitan Community or MMC), which is in charge of planning, coordinating, and financing economic development, public transportation, garbage collection and waste management, etc. The Greater Montreal Area is the most populous Metropolitan area in the Canadian Province of Quebec. Waste management is the collection Transport, processing, Recycling or disposal of Waste materials , across the metropolitan area of Montreal. The president of the CMM is the mayor of Montreal. The CMM covers 3,839 square kilometres (1,482 sq mi), with 3,635,700 inhabitants in 2005. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile.
- See also: Boroughs of Montreal and Montreal City Council
Education
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With access to six universities and twelve junior colleges in an 8 kilometre (5 mi) radius, Montreal has the highest concentration of post-secondary students of all major cities in North America (4. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects A CEGEP (ˈseɪʒɛp or /ˈsiːʤɛp/ French: Cégep) is a post-secondary education institution exclusive to the province of Quebec in 38 students per 100 residents, followed by Boston at 4. 37 students per 100 residents). [49]
There are two English-language universities in the city. McGill University is one of the oldest schools in Canada, a major research university, and has been rated as Canada's best university by various sources,[50] and the twelfth best in the world by Quacquarelli Symonds. Quacquarelli Symonds ( QS) is a company specializing in education and study abroad [51] Concordia University is the other English-language university, created from the merger of Sir George Williams University and Loyola College. Concordia University is a comprehensive Public university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Concordia University is a comprehensive Public university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Concordia University is a comprehensive Public university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
There are also two French-language universities located in the city of Montreal. Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM) is the largest French-language university in the world. The Université du Québec à Montréal ( UQAM) is one of four universities in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [52] UQÀM generally specializes in liberal-arts. It has several separately run schools, notably École de technologie supérieure (ETS), École nationale d'administration publique (ENAP) and Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS). Created in 1974, École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS School of Higher Technology) is an engineering university member of Université du Québec network The École nationale d'administration publique (ENAP (National School of Public Administration in English located in Quebec City, Quebec, was established in The Institut national de la recherche scientifique (French National Institute of Scientific Research) is the research-oriented branch of Université du Québec The other French-language university, Université de Montréal (UdeM) is a research university. The École Polytechnique de Montréal and the École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Montréal are two schools that are run by UdeM. The École Polytechnique de Montréal is an engineering school in Montreal, Quebec. HEC Montréal (standing for École des Hautes Études Commerciales) the affiliated business school of the Université de Montréal, is the first management
Additionally, two more French-language universities, Université de Sherbrooke and Université Laval have campuses in the nearby suburb of Longueuil on the south shore. The Université de Sherbrooke is a large university with three distinct campuses two of which are located in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, and another The South Shore ( Rive Sud) is the general term for the Suburbs of Montreal Quebec located on the southern shore of the Saint Lawrence River opposite
The education system in the province of Quebec is slightly different from other systems in North America. Between the high school and university levels, there is an additional college level called "CEGEP". A CEGEP (ˈseɪʒɛp or /ˈsiːʤɛp/ French: Cégep) is a post-secondary education institution exclusive to the province of Quebec in It is at the same time a preparatory school (preparing students for admission to university) and a technical school (offering courses which lead to technical diplomas and specializations). In Montreal, seventeen CEGEPs offer courses in French and five in English. This is a list of colleges in Quebec, sorted by type CEGEPs (Public colleges Cégep de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda
English-language elementary and secondary public schools on Montreal Island are operated by the English Montreal School Board[53] and the Lester B. Pearson School Board. English Montreal School Board (EMSB or in French CSEM Commission scolaire English-Montréal) is the largest English-language school board in the province of Quebec The Lester B Pearson School Board (LBPSB is an English-language school board in the province of Quebec, the largest of the nine English school boards in the province [54] French-language elementary and secondary public schools in Montreal are operated by the Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM),[55] Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys (CSMB)[56] and the Commission scolaire Pointe-de-l'Île (CSPI). CSMB (fr Comission Scolaire Marguerite Bourgeois is a group of public schools in Montreal. Commission Scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île is a French language school board based primarily in the east end of Montreal, notably Montréal-Nord, Saint-Leonard [57]
Like many other cities, Montreal has been the scene of horrific school shootings, the most recent of which was Dawson College shooting in September, 2006. The Dawson College shooting occurred on September 13, 2006 at Dawson College, a CEGEP in Westmount near downtown Montreal Events in September It is the start of the academic year in many countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The shooting was committed by a troubled young man and resulted in the death of a student. The most violent was the École Polytechnique massacre of 1989 in which fourteen young women were shot and killed by a misogynist male student. The École Polytechnique Massacre, also known as the Montreal Massacre, occurred on December 6 1989 at the École Polytechnique in Montreal, Quebec Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Concordia University massacre of 1992 involved the killing of four faculty members by another professor who claimed they stole his work. The Concordia University massacre was a School shooting on August 24, 1992 that resulted in the deaths of four people at Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)
Infrastructure
Transportation
Montreal is a transportation hub for eastern Canada, with well-developed air, road, rail, and maritime links to the rest of Canada, as well as the United States and Europe. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Air
Montreal has two international airports, one for passenger flights only, and the other for cargo. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (also known as Dorval Airport) in the City of Dorval serves all commercial passenger traffic and is the headquarters for Air Canada and Air Transat. Dorval (dɔrˈvæl is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the southwestern part of the Island of Montreal; pop Air Canada () is Canada 's largest Airline and Flag carrier. The airline founded in 1937 has had its corporate headquarters in Montreal Air Transat AT Inc is an Airline based in Montreal Quebec Canada, operating scheduled and Charter flights and serving 90 destinations in 25 countries To the north of the city is Montréal-Mirabel International Airport in Mirabel, which was envisioned as Montreal's primary airport but which now serves only cargo flights. Mirabel is an off-island suburb of Montreal, and Regional County Municipality in western Quebec northwest of Montreal. In 2006, Montreal-Trudeau was the third busiest airport in Canada by passenger traffic, behind Toronto Pearson and Vancouver. The following is a list of Canada's busiest airports by aircraft movements (how busy the runways are and passengers traffic (how busy the terminals are Lester B Pearson International Airport is a major International airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated 27 kilometres (17 mi northwest It was fourth in aircraft movements, behind Toronto Pearson, Vancouver and Calgary. It handled 12,407,934 passengers[58] in 2007 and 213,483 aircraft movements[59] in 2006 and with 59% of its passengers being on non-domestic flights it is the busiest international airport in Canada. [58] Trudeau airport serves over 100 destinations worldwide making it one of the most connected airports in North America. Airlines servicing Trudeau offer flights to Africa, Central America, the Caribbean, Europe, the United States, Mexico and other destinations within Canada. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. It is the only Canadian airport that offers non-stop service to Africa and it also contains the largest duty free shop in North America. [60]
Other airports in the Montreal area serve military and civilian use. The following active airports serve the area around Montreal, Quebec, Canada, lying underneath or immediately adjacent to Montreal's terminal control area
Rail
VIA Rail, which is headquartered in Montreal, provides rail service to other cities in Canada, particularly to Quebec City and Toronto with several trains daily. VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; ˈviːə 'vee-ah' is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Amtrak, the U. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 S. national passenger rail system, also provides service to Montreal, operating its Adirondack daily between Montreal and New York City. The Adirondack is a Passenger train operated daily by Amtrak between New York City and Montreal. The City of New York All intercity trains and most commuter trains operate out of Central Station. Commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail is a Passenger rail transport service between a city center and outer suburbs and Commuter towns Central Station (Gare Centrale ( IATA: YMY is the major Inter-city rail station and a major commuter rail hub in Montreal, Quebec The rest of the commuter trains operate out of the Lucien-L'Allier Station. Lucien-L'Allier is a commuter rail station on the AMT Dorion-Rigaud, Blainville-Saint-Jerome, Delson-Candiac lines in the Greater
Public local transport is served by a network of buses, subways, and commuter trains that extend across and off the island. The subway and bus system is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. The Société de transport de Montréal ( English: Montreal Transit Corporation) is the agency that operates Buses and the Métro in The commuter rail system is managed and operated by the Agence métropolitaine de transport, and extends across several municipalities. Commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail is a Passenger rail transport service between a city center and outer suburbs and Commuter towns The Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT or (Metropolitan Transportation Agency is the Umbrella organization that plans integrates and coordinates Public transportation
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), which is now headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, was founded here in 1881. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada Its corporate headquarters occupied Windsor Station at 910 Peel Street until 1995. Windsor Station ( Gare Windsor in French) is a former train station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, formerly serving as the city's Peel Street (officially rue Peel) is a major street located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. With the Port of Montreal kept open year round by icebreakers, lines to Eastern Canada became surplus, and now Montreal is the railway's eastern and intermodal freight terminus. The Port of Montreal, located in Canada 's second largest metropolis is one of the busiest on the North American continent and the largest inland port on Earth CPR connects at Montreal with the Port of Montreal, the Delaware & Hudson Railway to New York, the Quebec-Gatineau Railway to Quebec City and Buckingham, the Montreal, Maine & Atlantic to Halifax, and CN Rail. "D&H" redirects here for the firearm magazine manufacturing company see D&H Industries The Delaware and Hudson Railway ( D&H) is an Les Chemins de fer Québec-Gatineau (CFQG in English the Quebec Gatineau Railway (QGRY is the former 450 km long Canadian Pacific Railway line between Buckingham Quebec was a city located in the Outaouais region of the province of Quebec. The Montreal Maine and Atlantic Railway is a Class II freight railroad operating in the U The CPR's flagship train, The Canadian, once ran daily from Windsor Station to Vancouver, all passenger services have since been transferred to VIA Rail Canada, although CPR operates certain AMT trains under contract to the Quebec government. The Canadian is a Canadian transcontinental Passenger train originally operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway
Montreal-based Canadian National Railways (CN) was formed during the 1920s by the Canadian Government following a series of country-wide rail bankruptcies. CN was formed from the lines of the Grand Trunk, Midland and Canadian Northern Railways, and has risen to become CPR's chief rival in freight carriage in Canada. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTPR was a historical Canadian railway The Canadian Northern Railway ( CNoR) is a historic Canadian Like the CPR, CN has divested itself of passenger services in favour of VIA Rail Canada. CN operates the electric Mont Royal AMT line under contract to the Government of Quebec.
Mass transit
The STM bus network consists of 169 daytime and 20 night-time service routes, and provides adapted transport and limited wheelchair-accessible buses. The Société de transport de Montréal ( English: Montreal Transit Corporation) is the agency that operates Buses and the Métro in
Montreal's Metro was inaugurated in 1966 and today has 68 stations spread out along its four lines. The Montreal Metro is a Rubber-tired metro system and the main form of Public transportation in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada Each station was designed by different architects with individual themes and features original artwork, and the trains themselves run on rubber tires, making the system quieter than most. The project was initiated by Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau, who would later bring the Summer Olympic Games to Montreal in 1976. Jean Drapeau CC, GOQ ( 18 February 1916 &ndash 12 August 1999) was a Canadian Lawyer and The metro system has long had a station on the South Shore in Longueuil, and has only recently been extended to the city of Laval, north of Montreal. Laval ( IPA læˈvæl is a City and a region in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Greater Montreal Area.
Road
- See also: Montreal roads
- See also: List of bridges in Montreal
Like many major cities, Montreal has a problem with vehicular traffic congestion, especially from off-island suburbs such as Laval on Île Jésus, and Longueuil on the south shore. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Laval ( IPA læˈvæl is a City and a region in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Greater Montreal Area. Île Jésus ( French for Jesus Island) is an Island in southwestern Quebec, separated from the mainland to the north by the The width of the Saint Lawrence River has made the construction of fixed links to the south shore expensive and difficult. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway There are only four road bridges along with one road tunnel, two railway bridges, and a metro line. A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The far narrower Rivière des Prairies, separating Montreal from Laval, is spanned by eight road bridges (six to Laval and two directly to the north shore). The Rivière des Prairies (literally River of the Meadows, sometimes called the Back River in English is a delta channel of the Ottawa River The North Shore ( Rive Nord) is the general term for the Suburbs of Montreal Quebec and Laval Quebec located on the northern shores of the
The island of Montreal is a hub for the Québec Autoroute system, and is served by Québec Autoroutes A-10 (known as the Bonaventure Expressway on the island of Montreal), A-15 (aka the Decarie Expressway south of the A-40 and the Laurentian Autoroute to the north of it), A-13 (aka Autoroute Chomedey), A-20, A-25, A-40 (part of the Trans-Canada Highway system, and known as "The Metropolitan" or simply "The Met" in its elevated mid-town section), A-520, and A-720 (aka the Ville-Marie Autoroute). The Autoroute system in the province of Quebec, Canada, is a network of Expressways which operate under the same principle of controlled access as the Autoroute 10 (also called Bonaventure Expressway / Autoroute Bonaventure between the Ville-Marie Expressway and the Champlain Bridge in Montreal Autoroute 15 (also called the Décarie Expressway (English or Autoroute Décarie (French between the Turcot and Décarie Interchanges in Autoroute 13 (or A-13, also known as Autoroute Chomedey with sections formerly known as Autoroute Mirabel) is a Freeway in the urban region Autoroute 20 (also called Autoroute Jean-Lesage, Autoroute du Souvenir or the Two and Twenty) is an important Autoroute in Quebec Autoroute 25 (or A-25, also called Autoroute Louis-H-Lafontaine in Montreal) is an Autoroute in the Lanaudière region of Quebec Autoroute 40 (officially called Autoroute Félix-Leclerc outside Montreal and Metropolitan Expressway/Autoroute Métropolitaine within Montreal is The Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial Highway system that joins all ten provinces of Canada. Autoroute 520, or Autoroute Côte de Liesse connects Autoroute 20 and Montréal/Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport to Autoroute 40 Autoroute 720 (or A-720, known as the Ville-Marie Expressway (English or Autoroute Ville-Marie (French is a spur route of Autoroute 20 Many of these Autoroutes are frequently congested at rush hour. Rush hour at Shinjuku 02JPG|thumb|right|250px|Rush hour at Shinjuku Station, Yamanote Line]] A rush hour or peak hour is a part of the day during which However, in recent years, the government has acknowledged this problem and is working on long-term solutions to alleviate the congestion, such as re-routing traffic and expanding lanes.
Saint Lawrence Boulevard, also known as "The Main," divides Montreal into east and west sectors. For the Ottawa road see St Laurent Boulevard. For the Gatineau road called "Boulevard Saint-Laurent" see Boulevard des Allumettières Saint Lawrence Streets that cut across Saint Laurent Boulevard undergo a name change, in that Est or Ouest are appended to their names. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST internal designation HT-7U is an experimental Superconducting Tokamak Magnetic fusion energy This article refers to the cardinal direction for other uses see West (disambiguation. Streets that do not cross the Main do not generally contain a cardinal direction at the end of their names.
Since Montreal is on an island, the directions used in the city plan do not precisely correspond with compass directions, as they are oriented to the geography of the island. A compass, magnetic compass or mariner's compass is a navigational instrument for determining direction relative to the earth's Magnetic poles It consists North and south are defined on an axis roughly perpendicular to the St. In Geometry, two lines or planes (or a line and a plane are considered perpendicular (or orthogonal) to each other if they form congruent Lawrence River and the Rivière des Prairies: North is towards the Rivière des Prairies, and south is towards the St. Lawrence. East and west directions are defined as roughly parallel to the St. Lawrence River (which flows southwest to northeast) and the Rivière des Prairies. East is downstream, and west is upstream.
Montreal also has a well developed network of bicycle paths. [61] Bike rentals are available at the Old Port of Montreal, as well as quadricycles, inline skates, children trailers, and segways. Stretching for over two kilometres along the St-Lawrence River in Old Montreal, the Old Port Of Montreal has been the social economic and cultural soul of Montreal A Quadricycle is a four-wheeled human-powered vehicle. It is also referred to as a quadracycle, quadcycle, quadrocycle or as a four-wheel Inline skates (often called by the trade name Rollerblade) are a type of roller skate used for Inline skating. A bicycle trailer is a motorless wheeled frame with a hitch system designed for transporting Cargo by Bicycle. The Segway PT is a two-wheeled, self-balancing Electric vehicle invented by Dean Kamen.
Partner cities
Montreal has partnership, twin or sister city agreements with the following cities:
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Yerevan (Երևան Երեւան or Երեվան ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan Yerevan (Երևան Երեւան or Երեվան ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. Rhône-Alpes ( Franco-Provençal: Rôno-Arpes; Occitan: Ròse Aups) is one of the 26 regions of France, located on the Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Île-de-France ( pronounced /il d̪ə fʁɑ̃s/ literally "Island of France" is one of the twenty-six administrative regions of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Japanese city of ( is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest of Japan 's WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The City of Manila Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Yeongnam (literally "south of the passes" is the name of a region that coincides with the former Gyeongsang Province in what is now South Korea. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The human history of Montreal, located in Quebec Canada spans some 8000 years and started with the Algonquin, Huron, and Iroquois tribes of This is a list of communities in Quebec. Currently local municipalities belonging to a Regional county municipality are not listed but they can be accessed through the link The province of Quebec, Canada, is officially divided into 17 administrative Regions Traditionally (and non-officially it is divided into around twenty Regions The city of Montreal is divided into 19 Boroughs (in French, Arrondissements ' each with a mayor and council The Montreal Music Scene has recently garnered much attention in popular media (The New York Times Rolling Stone Spin Magazine BBC NPR This is a list of the metro stations on the four lines of the Montreal Metro, in Quebec, Canada. This is a list of Bridges and other fixed links serving Montreal, on the Island of Montreal, proceeding counter-clockwise around the island from This is a list of Mayors of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, since the city was incorporated in 1832 The following is a list of popular malls in the region of Montreal. This is a list of the tallest buildings in Montreal ranks Skyscrapers in the Canadian city of Montreal, Quebec by height The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population using data from the Canada 2001 Census[http //www12 Old Port See also Old Port of Montreal Shipping has been moved further east to the Port de Montréal site leaving the riverside area of Old Port/Vieux-Port adjacent Professional sports Montreal is famous for its hockey -hungry fans As a North American city Montreal shares many of the cultural features characteristic of the other metropolis on the continent including representations in all traditional manifestation The Montreal-Toronto rivalry is a Rivalry that exists between the Canadian Cities of Montreal and Toronto. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population (2007-03-13). Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Retrieved on 2007-03-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
- ^ a b Population and dwelling counts, for urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population (2007-03-13). Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Retrieved on 2007-03-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
- ^ a b c Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population (2007-03-13). Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Retrieved on 2007-03-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
- ^ It is most common to omit the acute accent in English-language usage (Montreal), unless one is using a proper name where the context requires the use of the accent (e. g. Le Journal de Montréal, as compared to the Montreal Gazette), and to keep the accent in French-language usage (Montréal). This is also the approach favoured by The Canadian Press Style Book (ISBN 0-920009-32-8, at p. 234) and the Globe and Mail Style Book (ISBN 0-7710-5685-0, at p. 249). According to The Canadian Style (ISBN 1-55002-276-8, at pp. 263–4), the official style guide of the Government of Canada, the name of the city is to be written with an accent in all government materials.
- ^ real. Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law (2007-10-10). Webster's Dictionary is the name given to a common type of English language dictionary in the United States. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated
- ^ Island of Montreal (HTML) (English). Natural Resoruces Canada. Retrieved on 07-02 2008.
- ^ Poirier, Jean (1979), “Commission de toponymie du Québec”, Island of Montréal, vol. 5, Quebec: Canoma, pp. 6-8
- ^ Chapter 1, article 1, Chartre de la Ville de Montréal (HTML) (2008). Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince (in French)
- ^ Chapter 1, article 1, Charter of Ville de Montréal (HTML) (2008). Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince (English translation)
- ^ a b Population by language spoken most often at home and age groups, 2006 counts, for Canada and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations – 20% sample data. Retrieved on 2007-12-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations.
- ^ Malone, Robert (2007-04-16). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Which Are The World's Cleanest Cities?. Forbes.com. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly
- ^ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080609.wxlcities09/BNStory/lifeMain/home?cid=al_gam_mostview
- ^ Place Royale and the Amerindian presence. Société de développement de Montréal (September 2001). Retrieved on 2007-03-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
- ^ a b c Tremblay, Roland (2006). The Saint Lawrence Iroquoians. Corn People. . Montréal, Qc: Les Éditions de l'Homme.
- ^ Jacques Cartier: New Land for the French King. Pathfinders & Passageways. Retrieved on 2007-02-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
- ^ Marsan, Jean-Claude (1990). Montreal in evolution. An historical analysis of the development of Montreal's architecture. . Montréal, Qc: Les Éditions de l'Homme.
- ^ Walking Tour of Old Montreal. Vehicule Press. Retrieved on 2008-01-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain
- ^ Cities located close to Montreal. Distance Calculator. Time and Date AS (1995-2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ The St. Lawrence River. Great Canadian Rivers (2007). Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ Island of Montreal. Geographical Names of Canada. Natural Resources Canada (2007-09-17). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ Découpage du territoire montréalais en 2006 (PDF) (French). Montréal en statistiques. Ville de Montréal (2006). Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ a b Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 (English). Retrieved on 2006-12-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the
- ^ Average Weather for Montreal, QC - Temperature and Precipitation. Weather. com.
- ^ Montreal Monthly Data Report for 2006
- ^ Vancouver Monthly Data Report for 2006
- ^ Cities appointed to the Creative Cities Network. UNESCO. Retrieved on 2007-11-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran
- ^ Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery Mission
- ^ Snow Festival
- ^ Twain, Mark. "MARK TWAIN IN MONTREAL", New York Times, twainquotes. com, 1881-12-10. Retrieved on 2008-02-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ Robinson rated ready for Dodgers in '47. The Sporting News (August 13, 1946). Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ "Ballpark financing issue may kill deal", ESPN (AP, 2004-12-15. ESPN, originally an acronym for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, is an American Cable television network dedicated to The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of
- ^ Olympic Stadium – Montreal’s FIFA U-20 World Cup Venue. Canada Soccer (2006-07-17). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians
- ^ . "AEROSPACE: Metro Montreal 2003, Strategic Profile" (PDF). . thomas finney Retrieved on 2007-01-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.
- ^ Montreal, Canada appointed a UNESCO City of Design. UNESCO (2006-06-07). United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins
- ^ Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada, Highlight Tables, 2006 Census: Montreal (CMA). Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
- ^ a b Visible minority groups, 2006 counts, for Canada and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations - 20% sample data. Canada 2006 Census. The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population Statistics Canada (04-02-2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ a b c Vol. 1 - Table 2 (XLS). 1951 Canadian Census. University of Toronto. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ a b c d e Statistical Tables - Religion (English). Statistics Canada Census. Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Divisions, 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data. Statistics Canada, 2001 Census of Population. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Retrieved on 2007-03-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
- ^ a b Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census divisions, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population (2007-03-13). Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Retrieved on 2007-03-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
- ^ (French) Institut de la statistique du Québec. Tableau 2 - Langue maternelle et langues parlées à la maison, connaissance des langues officielles, 1996, 1991 et 1986 - Régions métropolitaines de recensement (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-03-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Language Spoken Most Often at Home (8), Language Spoken at Home on a Regular Basis (9), Sex (3) and Age Groups (15) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas 1 and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada, 2001 Census of Population. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Retrieved on 2007-03-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ a b Montreal (CMA) - Detailed Mother Tongue. Canada 2006 Census. The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population Statistics Canada (April 1, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ CBC Article - Church attendance declining in Canada
- ^ a b c 2001 Community Highlights for Montréal. Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
- ^ 2001 Community Highlights for Hampstead. Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
- ^ 2001 Community Highlights for Côte-Saint-Luc. Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ The Jewish Communities of Canada (English). Am Yisrael. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ University attendance: Montréal ranks first in relative terms and fifth in absolute terms in North America (html) (English). Canada Economic Development for Quebec regions (1996). Retrieved on 04, 2008. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 02-04, 2008. Retrieved on 04-02 2008.
- ^ "McGill again tops Maclean's University Rankings", "McGill Public and Media Newsroom" November 8, 2007. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Accessed May 4, 2008
- ^ QS Top Universities: Schools (English). Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common QS Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd (2007). Retrieved on 02-04, 2008. Retrieved on 04-02 2008.
- ^ Rencontre avec le recteur Roch Denis : Vers la plus grande université bimodale de la francophonie - Le Devoir, November 26-27, 2005. Retrieved, February 2008.
- ^ English Montreal School Board
- ^ Lester B. Pearson School Board
- ^ Commission scolaire de Montréal
- ^ Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys
- ^ Commission scolaire Pointe-de-l'Île
- ^ a b Passengers
- ^ Transport Canada TP 577 - Aircraft Movement Statistics Annual Report 2006
- ^ Aer Rianta International: Worldwide Locations > Americas > Montreal (HTML) (English). Aer Rianta International. Aer Rianta International ( ARI) is an Airport and Retail holding and management company based in Shannon, Ireland. Retrieved on 04, 2008. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 02-04, 2008. Retrieved on 04-02 2008.
- ^ Le réseau cyclable montréalais (French). French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Vélo Québec. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
- ^ Sister Towns of Yerevan
- ^ McGill University Library
- ^ Partner cities - Site Officiel de la Ville de Lyon
- ^ Mairie de Paris. Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération. Retrieved on 2007-10-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces
- ^ mastindia. com. Little India Montreal!. Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
- ^ Sister City: The City of Montreal", City of Hiroshima, Japan, June 4, 1998. The Japanese city of ( is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest of Japan 's Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines
- ^ Busan News-Efforts increased for market exploration in N. America
Further reading
- 2006 Census of Canada. Statistics Canada (2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
- Montreal. 2006 Census of Canada: Community Profiles. Statistics Canada (2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
- Natural Resources Canada (2005). Canadian Geographical Names: Island of Montreal. Retrieved Aug. 29, 2005.
- Michael Sletcher, 'Montréal', in James Ciment, ed. , Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History, (5 vols. , N. Y. , 2005).
External links
- WikiSatellite view of Montreal at WikiMapia
- Montreal travel guide from Wikitravel
- Official portal of Montreal
- Life in Montreal (1840–1945), Images from the McCord Museum's collections
- The Atlas of Canada: Montreal, circa 1915
- Bibliothèque Nationale du Québec (Quebec National Library): various high-resolution maps, accessible via "Index des toponymes" / "M" / "Montréal (Québec)
- Official Tourism Montreal Website
- Montréal from The Canadian Encyclopedia
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