A monomer (from Greek mono "one" and meros "part") is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer ^[1]. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds

Contents 1 Synthetic monomers 2 Natural monomers 3 Molecular weight 4 See also 5 External links 6 References

Synthetic monomers

Examples of monomers are hydrocarbons such as the alkene and arene homologous series. In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon. In Organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated Chemical compound containing at least one Carbon In Chemistry, a homologous series is a series of Organic compounds with a similar General formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence Here hydrocarbon monomers such as phenylethene and ethene form polymers used as plastics like polyphenylethene (commonly known as polystyrene) and polyethene (commonly known as polyethylene or polythene). Styrene, also known as vinyl benzene as well as many other names (see table is an Organic compound with the Chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2 Structure This Hydrocarbon has four Hydrogen Atoms bound to a pair of Carbon atoms that are connected by a Double bond. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Polystyrene ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn ( IUPAC Polyphenylethene is an aromatic Polymer made from the aromatic Monomer Styrene Polyethylene or polythene ( IUPAC name poly(ethene) is a Thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products (notably the Polyethylene or polythene ( IUPAC name poly(ethene) is a Thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products (notably the Polyethylene or polythene ( IUPAC name poly(ethene) is a Thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products (notably the Other commercially important monomers include acrylic monomers such as acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, and acrylamide. Acrylic acid or prop-2-enoic acid is a Chemical compound ( formula C 3 H 4 O 2 and it Methyl methacrylate is an Organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3CO2CH3 The Chemical compound acrylamide (acrylic Amide) has the Chemical formula C 3 H 5 N[[Oxygen O]]

Natural monomers

Amino acids are natural monomers, and polymerize to form proteins. In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this In Polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting Monomer Molecules together in a Chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Glucose monomers can also polymerize to form starches, amylopectins and glycogen polymers. Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. Starch, CAS # 9005-25-8 Chemical formula (C6H10O5n is a Polysaccharide Amylopectin ( CAS # 9037-22-3 is a highly branched Polymer of Glucose found in plants Glycogen is a Polysaccharide of Glucose (Glc which functions as the secondary short term energy storage in Animal cells In this case the polymerization reaction is known as a dehydration or condensation reaction (due to the formation of water (H₂O) as one of the products) where a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl (-OH) group are lost to form H₂O and an oxygen molecule bonds between each monomer unit. In Polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting Monomer Molecules together in a Chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks A condensation reaction is a Chemical reaction in which two Molecules or moieties ( Functional groups) combine to form one single molecule together with Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Hydroxyl in Chemistry stands for a molecule consisting of an Oxygen atom and a Hydrogen atom connected by a Covalent bond. Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the

Molecular weight

The lower molecular weight compounds built from monomers are also referred to as dimers, trimers, tetramers, quadramers, pentamers, octamers, 20-mers, etc. A dimer is a Chemical or Biological entity consisting of two subunits called Monomers which are held together by either Intramolecular forces In Chemistry a trimer is a reaction product of three identical Molecules Trimers are typically encountered as cyclic trimers if they have 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, or 20 monomer units, respectively. Any number of these monomer units may be indicated by the appropriate prefix, eg, decamer, being a 10-unit monomer chain or polymer. Larger numbers are often stated in English in lieu of Greek. Polymers with relatively low number of units are called oligomers. In Chemistry, an oligomer consists of a limited number of Monomer units (ολιγος or oligos is Greek for "a few" in contrast to a

See also

• Oligomer
• Dimer
• Polymer
• Polymerization
• Important publications in polymer chemistry

External links

• Polymer Structure

References

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