Mohamed ElBaradei محمد البرادعي
4th Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
Incumbent
Assumed office  December 1, 1997
Preceded by	Hans Blix
Born	June 17, 1942 (1942-06-17) (age 65) Cairo, Egypt
Nationality	Egyptian

Mohamed ElBaradei (Arabic: محمد البرادعي, transliteration: Muḥammad al-Barādaʿī) (born June 17, 1942, in Cairo, Egypt) is the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an inter-governmental organization under the auspices of the United Nations. The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar (born 28 June, 1928 in Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish Diplomat and Politician. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security ElBaradei and the IAEA were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor

Early career

ElBaradei earned a Bachelor's degree in law from the University of Cairo in 1962, followed by a DEA degree in International Law at the Graduate Institute of International Studies HEI in Geneva and a Ph. Cairo University ( جامعة القاهرة, previously Egyptian University and later Fuʾād I University) is an institute of Higher education The Graduate Institute of International Studies, best known as HEI, was founded in 1927 at the time of the League of Nations, as one of the first institutions in The Graduate Institute of International Studies, best known as HEI, was founded in 1927 at the time of the League of Nations, as one of the first institutions in D in International Law at the New York University School of Law in 1974. See also New York Law School The New York University School of Law ( NYU Law) is the His diplomatic career began in 1964 in the Egyptian Ministry of External affairs, where he served in the Permanent Missions of Egypt to the United Nations in New York and in Geneva, in charge of political, legal, and arms control issues. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking From 1974 to 1978 he was a special assistant to the Egyptian Foreign Minister. In 1980, he became a senior fellow in charge of the international law program at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research. From 1981 to 1987 he was also an Adjunct Professor of International Law at New York University School of Law.

In 1984, ElBaradei became a senior staff member of the IAEA Secretariat, serving as the Agency's legal adviser (1984 to 1993) and Assistant Director General for External Relations (1993 to 1997).

ElBaradei is also a member of the International Law Association and the American Society of International Law. The International Law Association ( ILA) is a non-profit organization based in Great Britain that — according to its 2004 constitution — promotes "the study He is married to Aida Elkachef, an early childhood teacher. They have a daughter, Laila, a lawyer, married to Neil Pizey, an investment banker - who live in London - and a son, Mostafa, an IT manager, who lives in Cairo.

Views and controversies

Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei with US Secretary of State Colin Powell on January 10, 2003. Colin Luther Powell, KCB (Honorary MSC, (born April 5, 1937) is a retired General in the United States Army. [2]

ElBaradei began serving as Director General of the IAEA on December 1, 1997. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Controversy surrounded his election to a third four-year term in 2005, which was opposed primarily by the United States. The stated reason was that the US favoured a limit of two terms for all heads of international organizations. But the US opposition may have been motivated by other factors. ElBaradei had strongly questioned the US rationale for the 2003 invasion of Iraq from the time of the 2002 Iraq disarmament crisis, when he, along with Hans Blix, led a team of UN weapons inspectors in Iraq. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia The issue of Iraq's disarmament reached a crisis in 2002-2003 when U (born 28 June, 1928 in Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish Diplomat and Politician. ElBaradei told the UN Security Council in March 2003 that documents purporting to show that Iraq had tried to acquire uranium from Niger were not authentic. Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the Niger ( or /ˈnaɪdʒɚ/) officially the Republic of Niger, is a Landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. The US failed to win enough support from other countries to oust ElBaradei. On 9 June, after a meeting between US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and ElBaradei, the US dropped its objections, and ElBaradei was unanimously re-appointed by the IAEA Board on 13 June. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for [3]

The US has also accused ElBaradei of having a lenient approach to Iran's nuclear program [4] after revelations that Iran had covered up substantial aspects of its nuclear program for nearly two decades and was continuing to develop a uranium enrichment capability. The nuclear program of Iran was launched in the 1950s with the help of the United States as part of the Atoms for Peace program ElBaradei's response is that he works strictly within the mandate given to him by Member States. ElBaradei and the IAEA have also been criticized for failing to detect the “nuclear supermarket” run by the Pakistani scientist A Q Khan. Abdul Qadeer Khan ( عبدالقدیر خان; born April 1 1936 in Bhopal, India) is a Pakistani scientist and metallurgical engineer [5]

In November 2007, Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Shaul Mofaz called for ElBaradei to be sacked, saying "The policies followed by ElBaradei endanger world peace. (שאול מופז born November 4, 1948 in Tehran, Iran) is the current Israeli Minister of Transportation and a Deputy His irresponsible attitude of sticking his head in the sand over Iran's nuclear programme should lead to his impeachment. " [6]

In December 2007, a new US National Intelligence Estimate concluded that there had been no on-going nuclear weapons program in Iran since the fall of 2003. ElBaradei noted that the Estimate tallied with the Agency's consistent statements over the last few years. Although Iran still needed to clarify some important aspects of its past and present nuclear activities, the Agency had no concrete evidence of an ongoing nuclear weapons program or undeclared nuclear facilities in Iran, he added. [7]

In February 2008, after the Agency's latest report on Iran's nuclear programme, commentators Ray Takeyh and Joseph Cirincione wrote in the Financial Times: "The point that Mr ElBaradei's critics miss is that he is judiciously achieving the goals that they seemingly desire - the disarmament of the Islamic Republic. "

They added: "Instead of sanctions, the west should appreciate that a nuanced diplomacy of reconciliation could both regulate Iran's nuclear programme and help stabilise the Middle East. It is the much maligned Mr ElBaradei that has paved the way for success. " [8]

However, that same month a Wall Street Journal editorial accused ElBaradei of being "a deeply political figure, animated by antipathy for the West and for Israel on what has increasingly become a single-minded crusade to rescue favored regimes from charges of proliferation," and repeated claims from earlier press reports that Elbaradei has repeatedly attempted to remove content harmful to Iran from his reports and pressured IAEA officials to follow suit. [9]

In a statement to the IAEA's Board of Governors on 2 June 2008, ElBaradei noted that the Agency had now been engaged in the "intensive phase" of verifying Iran's nuclear programme for more than five years. "While substantial progress has been made in clarifying many of its aspects, particularly with regard to Iran's enrichment programme, it is essential that the Agency be able to reach a conclusion regarding the nature of Iran's programme at the earliest possible date. This depends primarily on Iran demonstrating the necessary transparency and providing full disclosure. I again urge Iran to be fully forthcoming in this regard. "

ElBaradei said it was "regrettable that we have not made the progress we had hoped for with respect to the one remaining major issue, namely clarification of the cluster of allegations and Secretariat questions relevant to possible military dimensions to Iran's nuclear programme. The so-called alleged studies remain a matter of serious concern. "

Iran had not provided all the access to documents and individuals which the Agency had requested and had not provided the substantive explanations required to support its statements, the Director General said.

He added: "Let me emphasize that the Agency currently has no information — apart from the uranium metal document — on the actual design or manufacture by Iran of nuclear material components, or of other key components, of a nuclear weapon. Likewise, the Agency has not seen indications of the actual use of nuclear material in connection with the alleged studies. "

[10]

Response to Kouchner statement on Iran

Responding to French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner warnings that the world had to be prepared for the possibility of war if Iran acquired atomic weapons, he characterized talk of attacking Iran as "hype", saying: "I would not talk about any use of force. Bernard Kouchner (born November 1 1939 in Avignon) is a French Politician, diplomat, and doctor. There are rules on how to use force, and I would hope that everybody would have gotten the lesson after the Iraq situation, where 70,000 innocent civilians have lost their lives on the suspicion that a country has nuclear weapons. " "We need to be cool," he said, adding: "We need not to hype the issue. "^[1] He further added "I do not believe at this stage that we are facing a clear and present danger that requires we go beyond diplomacy. "^[2]

2005 Nobel Peace Prize

On October 7, 2005, ElBaradei and the IAEA itself were announced as joint recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize for their "efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way". Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor This implicitly disavowed criticism of them since the second Allied-Iraqi Gulf war, and especially the failed US-led attempt to deny ElBaradei a third term in office. ElBaradei donated all his winnings to building orphanages in his home city of Cairo. An orphanage is an institution devoted to the care of children whose parents are deceased or otherwise unable to care for them Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. The IAEA's winnings are being spent on training scientists from developing countries to use nuclear techniques in combating cancer and malnutrition.

Other awards

ElBaradei has received many awards for his work as an international civil servant. These include:

• The Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award (2006)
• The James Park Morton Interfaith Award
• The Golden Plate award from the American Academy of Achievement
• The Jit Trainor award from Georgetown University for distinction in the conduct of diplomacy
• The Human Security award from the Muslim Public Affairs Council
• The Prix de la Fondation award from the Crans Montana Forum
• The El Athir award, Algeria's highest national distinction
• The Golden Dove of Peace prize from the President of Italy
• Honorary Patron of Trinity's University Philosophical Society (2006), following in the foot steps of previous Nobel Peace Prize Winners Desmond Tutu and John Hume
• Greatest Nile Collar, the highest Egyptian civilian decoration, awarded by the Government of Egypt
• Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Peaceful Worldwide Use of Nuclear Technology, awarded by The World Nuclear Association in September 2007[11]
• The Mostar 2007 international peace award of the Mostar Center for Peace and Multiethnic Cooperation [12]

ElBaradei has also received honorary doctoral degrees from: New York University; the University of Maryland; the American University in Cairo; the Free Mediterranean University (LUM) in Bari, Italy; Soka University of Japan; Tsinghua University of Beijing, the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Konkuk University in Seoul, the University of Florence, the University of Buenos Aires, the National University of Cuyo in Argentina and Amherst College. The Four Freedoms Award is an annual liberal inclined award presented to those men and women who have "demonstrated" an achievement to the principles lined out in the Four The American Academy of Achievement is a Nonprofit organization that seeks to educate and inspire youth Georgetown University is a Jesuit Private university located in Georgetown Washington D This article is about the US organisation headquartered in Los Angeles Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The University Philosophical Society, commonly known as The Phil, is a student paper-reading and debating society in Trinity College Dublin, Ireland The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African Cleric and activist who rose to Worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent John Hume (born 18 January 1937) is a former Politician in Northern Ireland, founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. World Nuclear Association (WNA formerly the Uranium Institute, is a confederation of companies connected with Nuclear power production New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. The University of Maryland College Park (often referred to as The University of Maryland UMD, UMCP or simply Maryland) is a public research The American University in Cairo (AUC is a private university located in Cairo, Egypt. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Tsinghua University ( THU;) is a University in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Universitatea Politehnica din Bucureşti is a Technical university in Bucharest, Romania. The Technical University of Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid UPM) is a Spanish University, located in Madrid. Konkuk University ( Korean: 건국대학교 Hanja: 建國大學校 is a private university in Seoul. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. The University of Florence ( Università degli Studi di Firenze, UNIFI is one of the largest and oldest universities in Italy. The University of Buenos Aires (in Spanish Universidad de Buenos Aires - ( UBA) is the largest University in Argentina, founded on August The National University of Cuyo (Castilian Universidad Nacional de Cuyo UNCuyo is the largest center of higher education in the province of Mendoza, Amherst College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.

Quotes

In an op-ed piece on the dangers of nuclear proliferation, in the New York Times (February 12, 2004), ElBaradei stated:

"We must abandon the unworkable notion that it is morally reprehensible for some countries to pursue weapons of mass destruction, yet morally acceptable for others to rely on them for security - and indeed to continue to refine their capacities and postulate plans for their use. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " " [13]

In the same article, ElBaradei stated:

"If the world does not change course, we risk self-destruction. "[14]

In an interview with the CNN in May 2007, Dr ElBaradei gave one of his sternest warnings against using military action against Iran -a state signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Referring to "the extreme people who have extreme views" he said:

". . . You do not want to give additional argument to some of the 'new crazies' who want to say let us go and bomb Iran"

In other comments on Iran, in an Oct. 22nd, 2007 interview with French newspaper Le Monde, ElBaradei said:

"I want to get people away from the idea that Iran will be a threat from tomorrow, and that we are faced right now with the issue of whether Iran should be bombed or allowed to have the bomb. Le Monde (The World is a We are not at all in that situation. Iraq is a glaring example of how, in many cases, the use of force exacerbates the problem rather than solving it. "

References

External links

• Full transcript of BBC's interview with Dr ElBaradei - May 2007 CASMII
• Washington intercepts ElBaradei phone calls for information to displace him
• IAEA - Director General's Corner
• Nobel Peace Prize Lecture video and transcript
• The Nobel Lecture The Nobel Lecture given by The Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 2005, Mohamed ElBaradei
• The 2005 Nobel Peace Prize - A Photoessay by Scott London
• http://www.law.nyu.edu/pubs/magazine/autumn2006/documents/ElBaradei.pdf
• New York Times: An Indispensable Irritant to Iran and Its Foes, 17 Sept 2007. Article that discusses the controversial role ElBaradei plays between a possibly nuclear Iran and a suspicious West.