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Main articles: Dance and Concert dance
Modern dance is often performed in bare feet.
Modern dance is often performed in bare feet. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Concert dance (also known as performance dance and theatre dance (particularly in the United Kingdom) is a category of Dances which is performed

Modern dance is a dance form developed in the early 20th century. Although the term Modern dance has also been applied to a category of 20th Century ballroom dances, Modern dance as a term usually refers to 20th century concert dance. Ballroom dance refers collectively to a set of Partner dances which originated in Germany and are now enjoyed both socially and competitively around the 20th century Concert dance is the name given to a category of Dance forms that include Free dance Modern dance

Contents

Origins

In the early 1900s a few dancers in Europe started to rebel against the rigid constraints of Classical Ballet. Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance Shedding classical ballet technique, costume and shoes, these early modern dance pioneers practiced free dance. Free dance is a 20th century dance form that preceded Modern dance. Modern dance is about 100 years old.

In the United States

In United States Loie Fuller, Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis, Doris Humphrey and Martha Graham developed their own styles of free dance and laid the foundations of American modern dance with their choreography and teaching. Loie Fuller (also Loïe Fuller, born Marie Louise Fuller) ( January 15, 1862 &ndash January 1, 1928) was a pioneer of both Isadora Duncan (May 26 1877 &ndash September 14 1927 was an American dancer Ruth St Denis ( January 20, 1879 – July 21, 1968) was an early Modern dance pioneer Doris Batcheller Humphrey (October 17 1895 &ndash December 29 1958 was a Dancer of the early twentieth century See also Martha Graham ( May 11, 1894 &ndash April 1, 1991) was an American Dancer and Choreographer Free dance is a 20th century dance form that preceded Modern dance. See also Dance in the United States, Modern dance Closely related to the development of American music in the early 20th century was the emergence of a new

In Europe

In Europe Francois Delsarte, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze and Rudolf von Laban developed theories of human movement and expression, and methods of instruction that led to the development of European modern and Expressionist dance. François Alexandre Nicolas Chéri Delsarte ( November 11, 1811, Solesmes &mdash July 20, 1871, Paris) was a French Émile Jaques-Dalcroze ( July 6, 1865 – July 1, 1950) was a Swiss Musician and Music educator who developed Rudolf Laban, a dance artist and theorist whose work laid the foundations for Laban Movement Analysis and other more specific developments See also Modern dance Expressionist dance is a European Dance form related to the German expressionist movement Their theories and techniques spread well beyond Europe to influence the development of modern dance and theatre via their students and disciples, and subsequent generations of teachers and performers carried these theories and methods to Russia, the United States and Canada, the UK, Australia and New Zealand.

History

Free dance

Main article: Free dance

Fuller, Duncan and St. Denis all toured Europe seeking a wider and more accepting audience for their work. Only Ruth St. Denis returned to the United States to continue her work, Isadora Duncan died in Paris in 1927 and Fuller's work received little support outside Europe. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Early modern dance

In 1915 Ruth St. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Denis founded the Denishawn school and dance company with her husband Ted Shawn. The Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded in 1915 by Ruth St Ted Shawn (1891- 1972 originally Edwin Myers Shawn was one of the first notable male pioneers of American Modern dance. Whilst St. Denis was responsible for most of the creative work, Shawn was responsible for teaching technique and composition. The term dance composition is used to describe to the practice and teaching of Choreography and the Navigation or Connection of choreographic structures Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, and Charles Weidman were all pupils at the school and members of the dance company. See also Martha Graham ( May 11, 1894 &ndash April 1, 1991) was an American Dancer and Choreographer Doris Batcheller Humphrey (October 17 1895 &ndash December 29 1958 was a Dancer of the early twentieth century Charles Edward Weidman Jr (1901 in Lincoln Nebraska &ndash 1975 was a Modern dancer Choreographer and teacher

After shedding the techniques and compositional methods of their teachers the early modern dancers developed their own methods and ideologies and dance techniques that became the foundation for modern dance practice.

European modern and expressionist dance

See also: Expressionist dance and Ausdruckstanz

Popularization of American Modern Dance

Main article: Modern dance in the United States

In 1927 newspapers regularly began assigning dance critics, such as Walter Terry, and Edwin Denby, who approached performances from the viewpoint of a movement specialist rather than as a reviewer of music or drama. Ted Shawn (1891- 1972 originally Edwin Myers Shawn was one of the first notable male pioneers of American Modern dance. Émile Jaques-Dalcroze ( July 6, 1865 – July 1, 1950) was a Swiss Musician and Music educator who developed Eurhythmics (also Rhythmic Gymnastics, Rhythmics) is an approach to music education that was devised by Emile Jaques-Dalcroze. Rudolf Laban, a dance artist and theorist whose work laid the foundations for Laban Movement Analysis and other more specific developments See also Kurt Jooss ( 12 January 1901, Wasseralfingen, Germany &ndash 22 May 1979, Heilbronn Mary Wigman (1886 &ndash 1973 (born Karoline Sophie Marie Wiegmann) was a German Dancer choreographer, and instructor of dance Harald Kreutzberg ( December 11, 1902, Reichenberg/ Liberec - April 25, 1968) was a German Dancer and Choreographer See also Modern dance Expressionist dance is a European Dance form related to the German expressionist movement Ausdruckstanz is the name given to German Expressionist dance. See also Dance in the United States, Modern dance Closely related to the development of American music in the early 20th century was the emergence of a new Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Edwin Orr Denby ( February 4, 1903 – July 12, 1983) was one of the most important and influential American Dance Educators accepted modern dance into college and university curricula, first as a part of physical education, then as performing art. Many college teachers were trained at the Bennington Summer School of the Dance, which was established at Bennington College in 1934. Bennington College is a nationally recognized liberal arts college located in Bennington Vermont. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Of the Bennington program, Agnes de Mille wrote, ". . . there was a fine commingling of all kinds of artists, musicians, and designers, and secondly, because all those responsible for booking the college concert series across the continent were assembled there. . . . free from the limiting strictures of the three big monopolistic managements, who pressed for preference of their European clients. As a consequence, for the first time American dancers were hired to tour America nationwide, and this marked the beginning of their solvency. " (de Mille, 1991, p. 205)

Development of modern dance

Batsheva Dance Company of Tel Aviv, Israel, was co-founded by Martha Graham and Baroness Batsheva De Rothschild in 1964.
Batsheva Dance Company of Tel Aviv, Israel, was co-founded by Martha Graham and Baroness Batsheva De Rothschild in 1964. The Batsheva Dance Company is a honored dance company based in Tel Aviv, Israel and founded by Martha Graham and Baroness Batsheva De Rothschild Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel See also Martha Graham ( May 11, 1894 &ndash April 1, 1991) was an American Dancer and Choreographer Baroness Bethsabée de Rothschild (name sometimes spelled Batsheva ( September 23, 1914, in London - April 20, 1999

Whilst the founders on modern dance continued to make works based on ancient myths and legends following a narrative structure, their students the radical dancers saw dance as a potential agent of change. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to Disturbed by the Great Depression and the rising threat of fascism in Europe, they tried to raise consciousness by dramatizing the economic, social, ethnic and political crises of their time. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area Definition In the absence of agreement about its meaning the term "social" is used in many different senses referring among other things to attitudes Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions

African American modern dance

See also: African American dance

The development of Modern dance embraced the contributions of African American dance artists regardless of whether they made pure modern dance works or blended modern dance with African and Caribbean influences. African American dances in the vernacular tradition (academically known as "African American vernacular dance" are those dances which have developed within African In this article African dance refers mainly to the dance of black Africa and more appropriately African dances because of the many cultural differences in musical and movement The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting

Legacy of modern dance

Modern dance often utilizes floor work.
Modern dance often utilizes floor work.

The legacy on Modern dance can be seen in lineage of 20th century concert dance forms. 20th century Concert dance is the name given to a category of Dance forms that include Free dance Modern dance Although often producing divergent dance forms many seminal dance artists share a common heritage that can be traced back to free dance.

Postmodern and Contemporary dance

Main articles: Postmodern dance and Contemporary dance

Both Postmodern dance and Contemporary dance are built upon the foundations laid by Modern dance and form part of the greater category of 20th century concert dance. Postmodern dance is a 20th century concert dance form A reaction to the compositional and presentation constraints of Modern dance, postmodern dance hailed the Contemporary dance is the name given to a group of 20th century Concert dance forms Postmodern dance is a 20th century concert dance form A reaction to the compositional and presentation constraints of Modern dance, postmodern dance hailed the Contemporary dance is the name given to a group of 20th century Concert dance forms Where as Postmodern dance was a direct and opposite response to Modern dance, Contemporary dance draws on both modern and postmodern dance as a source of inspiration.

See also: 20th century concert dance

Teachers and their students

This list illustrates the basic teacher / student links in modern dance. 20th century Concert dance is the name given to a category of Dance forms that include Free dance Modern dance For more detailed information see the individual artists entries.

See also

References

Further reading

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