| Urdu poet Mughal era | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1723 Agra |
| Died | 1810 Lucknow |
| Pen name | Mir |
| Occupation | Urdu poet |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Writing period | Mughal era |
| Genres | Ghazal |
| Subjects | Love, Philosophy |
Influences | |
Influenced | |
Khuda-e-Sukhan Mir Taqi Mir (Urdu: میر تقی میر) (b. Urdu poetry ( Urdu: اردو شاعری, Urdu Shayari) is one of the most dominant and prominent poetries of times and has many different colours & types The Mughal era is the historic period of the Mughal Empire in India it ran from the early sixteenth century to a point in the early eighteenth century when the Mughal Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Agra ( pronounced) (आगरा آگرا is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Urdu poetry ( Urdu: اردو شاعری, Urdu Shayari) is one of the most dominant and prominent poetries of times and has many different colours & types Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Mughal era is the historic period of the Mughal Empire in India it ran from the early sixteenth century to a point in the early eighteenth century when the Mughal A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow ( Hindi: hi अबुल हसन यमीनुद्दीन ख़ुसरो (1253-1325 CE better known as Amīr Khusrow Urdu poetry ( Urdu: اردو شاعری, Urdu Shayari) is one of the most dominant and prominent poetries of times and has many different colours & types Dabeer-ul-Mulk Najm-ud-daulah Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan ( Urdu / Persian: مرزا اسد اللہ بیگ خان) Pen-name Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised 1723 - d. Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a 1810), whose original name was Mohammed Taqi (Urdu: محمد تقی) and takhallus was Mir (Urdu: میر) (sometimes also spelled as Meer Taqi Meer), was the leading Urdu poet of the eighteenth century, and one of the pioneers who gave shape to the Urdu language itself. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Urdu poetry ( Urdu: اردو شاعری, Urdu Shayari) is one of the most dominant and prominent poetries of times and has many different colours & types Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised He was one of the principal poets of the Delhi school of the Urdu ghazal and remains arguably the foremost name in Urdu poetry often remembered as Khuda-e-Sukhan meaning God of poetry. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a
He was born in Agra, India (called "Akbarabad" at the time), which at the time was ruled by the Mughals, in 1723. Agra ( pronounced) (आगरा آگرا is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most He left for Delhi, at the age of 11, following his father's death. His philosophy of life was formed primarily from his father, whose emphasis on the importance of love and the value of compassion remained with him through his life and imbued his poetry. At Delhi, he finished his education and joined a group of nobility as a courtier-poet. He lived much of his life in Mughal Delhi. However, after Ahmad Shah Abdali's sack of Delhi each year starting 1748, he eventually moved to the court of Asaf-ud-Daulah in Lucknow, at the king's invitation. Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c1723-1773 ( also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( احمد شاه ابدالي) and born as Ahmad Khān Abdālī, Asaf-Ud-Dowlah ( 23 September 1748 - 21 September 1797) was the Nawab wazir of Oudh from 1775 to 1797 and the son of Shuja-ud-Dowlah Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh Distressed to witness the plundering of his beloved Delhi, he gave vent to his feelings through some of his couplets. He remained in Lucknow for the remainder of his life.
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Literary life
Mir's literary reputation is anchored on his ghazals. In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a Mir lived at a time when Urdu language and poetry was at a formative stage - and Mir's instinctive aesthetic sense helped him strike a balance between the indigenous expression and new enrichments coming in from Persian imagery and idiom, to constitute the new elite language known as Rekhta or Hindui. Basing his language on his native Hindustani, he leavened it with a sprinkling of Persian diction and phraseology, and created a poetic language at once simple, natural and elegant, which was to guide generations of future poets.
After his move to Lucknow, his beloved daughter died, followed by his son, and then his wife. This, together with other earlier setbacks (including his traumatic stages in Delhi) lends a strong pathos to much of his writing - and indeed Mir is noted for his poetry of pathos and melancholy.
Another noted feature of his work is his pederastic poetry:
When I had some wealth, even then I spent it on boys--
And now that I wander as a mendicant, Mir, it is thanks to them. Pederasty or paederasty refers to an erotic relationship sexually expressed or not between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family
Evil days have come to me through friendship with boys;
My father often used to warn of this day.
Was it a disaster that I gave my heart to boys?
In the city all, old and young, are discussing it.
'Andalib Shadani claims that If anyone undertakes a thorough inquiry into the works of Mir, without being influenced by the opinions of others, he will certainly arrive at the conclusion that Mir's poetic subject is 'the love of beardless youths,' and that Mir is absolutely unique in this quality. You will not find 'the lads of Delhi' in such abundance anywhere else. [1]
Mir made no secret of his attachments, and wrote of his passing fancy for Attar Ka Launda — the son of a perfumer — and Memar Ka Larka — son of a mason. [2]
While some historians have read into Mir's verse his own feelings and experiences, whether that be love for boys or love for women, others hold that "Such contradictory visions of Mir's life and times arise from the effort to extract from Mir's ghazals information that they simply do not contain. "[3]
What Mir was practicing was probably the “Malamati” or “Blameworthy” aspect of the Sufi tradition. The Malāmiyya (ملاميه are a category of persons who in the mystical branch of Islam, sometimes known as Sufism, represent according to prominent Sufis like Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفیگری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Using this technique, a person ascribes to oneself an unconventional aspect of a person or society, and then plays out its results, either in action or in verse. During the times Mir lived, this form of a homosexual relationship was not unknown, and was symptomatic of the fraternity that men shared which did not preclude sex. Mir shows in his verse the rich traditional of homosocial/homoerotic relationships that were shared by men in 19nth century South Asia.
Mir was a prolific writer. His complete works, Kulliaat, consist of 6 dewans, containing 13,585 couplets comprising all kinds of poetic forms: ghazal, masnavi, qasida, rubai, mustezaad, satire, etc.
He died in Lucknow, of a purgative overdose, on 20 September 1810. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
Mir's famous contemporary, also an Urdu poet of no inconsiderable repute, was Mirza Rafi "Sauda".
Mir vs Mirza Ghalib
Mir Taqi Mir was often compared with the later day Urdu poet, Mirza Ghalib. Dabeer-ul-Mulk Najm-ud-daulah Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan ( Urdu / Persian: مرزا اسد اللہ بیگ خان) Pen-name Lovers of Urdu poetry often debate Meer's supremacy over Ghalib or vice versa. It may be noted that Ghalib himself acknowledged, through some of his couplets, that Meer was indeed a genius that deserved respect. Here are two couplets by Mirza Ghalib on this matter.
Reekhta kay tumhi ustaad nahi ho Ghalib
Kehtay hain aglay zamanay may koi Meer bhi thaa
(You are not the only master of Urdu, Ghalib
They say there used to be a Meer in the past)
List of Urdu language writersListed below are major Urdu poets sorted by date of birth In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is aGhalib apna yeh aqeeda hai baqaul e Nasikh
Aap bey bahrah hai jo muataqid e Meer nahi
(Ghalib! Its my belief in the words of Nasikh*,
"He that vows not on Meer, is himself unlearned!")
*Shaikh Imam Bakhsh Nasikh of Lucknow, a disciple of Meer.Mir Taqi Mir in fiction
Khushwant Singh's famous novel Delhi: A Novel gives very interesting details about the life and adventures of the great poet. Khushwant Singh (ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ਵੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ xʊʃʋən̪t̪ sɪ́ŋg born 2 February, 1915 in Hadali, Punjab, which now lies in Delhi A Novel (published 1990) is a historical novel by Indian writer Khushwant Singh. His memoirs and confessions, especially those about his illicit relations with elite women, mainly with the wife of the aristocrat Rias Khan who employed him as tutor to teach his children, are not only very entertaining but also provide a lot of insight into his mind and heart.
Notes
- ^ 'Andalib Shadani, Mir sahib ka ek khas rang ("A Special Mood of Mir's")
- ^ Baisakhi of the Khalsa. The Tribune India. Retrieved on 2007-06-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden
- ^ Frances W. Pritchett, Convention in the Classical Urdu Ghazal: The Case of Mir, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies VoI. III, No. 1, Fall 1979, pp. 60-77
References
- Zikr-I Mir: The Autobiography of the Eighteenth Century Mughal Poet: Mir Muhammad Taqi Mir (1723-1810), by C. M. Naim (University of Chicago), Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1999. C M Naim ( Choudhary Mohammad Naim, born 3 June 1936 is an American writer scholar critic translator and academician of Indian origin
- Mir Taqi Mir: Life and Ghazals - One of the sources for this original writeup.
- A Garden of Kashmir: the Ghazals of Mir Taqi Mir (maintained by Frances W. Pritchett)
See also
External links
- Mir Taqi Mir's Poetry
- Dewaan-e-Meer (Online)
- Mir Taqi Mir- Selected ghazals of Mir Taqi Mir
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