| State of Minnesota | |||||||||||
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| Demonym | Minnesotan | ||||||||||
| Capital | Saint Paul | ||||||||||
| Largest city | Minneapolis | ||||||||||
| Largest metro area | Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | ||||||||||
| Area | Ranked 12th in the US | ||||||||||
| - Total | 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²) | ||||||||||
| - Width | 250 miles (400 km) | ||||||||||
| - Length | 400 miles (645 km) | ||||||||||
| - % water | 8. The Flag of Minnesota consists of the state seal charged on a medium blue background The Great Seal of the State of Minnesota is the insignia that the Secretary of State affixes to government papers and documents to make them official This is a list of US state nicknames, including officially adopted Nicknames and other traditional nicknames for individual states of the United States. Here is a list of state Mottos for the states of the United States of America. L'étoile du nord (note capitalization is also an Opera. It is also the title of a Short story by the French writer Georges Simenon A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Washington DC has been the capital of the United States since 1800 Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U This is a list of the largest cities of US states by population Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 4 | ||||||||||
| - Latitude | 43° 30′ N to 49° 23′ N | ||||||||||
| - Longitude | 89° 29′ W to 97° 14′ W | ||||||||||
| Population | Ranked 21st in the US | ||||||||||
| - Total | 4,919,479 | ||||||||||
| - Density | 61. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison as of July 1, 2007, according to the This article is a list of the 50 US States ordered by Population density. 80/sq mi 23. 86/km² (31st in the US) | ||||||||||
| - Median income | $55,914 (5th) | ||||||||||
| Elevation | |||||||||||
| - Highest point | Eagle Mountain[1] 2,301 ft (701 m) | ||||||||||
| - Mean | 1,198 ft (365 m) | ||||||||||
| - Lowest point | Lake Superior[1] 602 ft (183 m) | ||||||||||
| Admission to Union | May 11, 1858 (32nd) | ||||||||||
| Governor | Tim Pawlenty (R) | ||||||||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Carol Molnau (R) | ||||||||||
| U.S. Senators | Norm Coleman (R) Amy Klobuchar (DFL) | ||||||||||
| Congressional Delegation | List | ||||||||||
| Time zone | Central: UTC-6/-5 | ||||||||||
| Abbreviations | MN US-MN | ||||||||||
| Website | www.state.mn.us | ||||||||||
Minnesota (Pronunciation : /ˌmɪnɨˈsoʊtə/[2]) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. Household income is a measure of current private income commonly used by the United States government and private institutions Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> Eagle Mountain is the highest point in Minnesota, at 2301 feet (701 m located in Cook County. Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Timothy James Pawlenty (born November 27 1960 is the 39th and current Governor of Minnesota and a member of the Republican Party. This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. Carol Molnau (born September 17, 1949) is the 46th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Norman Bertram "Norm" Coleman Jr (born August 17, 1949) is an American politician who has served as a U Amy Jean Klobuchar (pronounced "KLOH-buh-shar" IPA /'kloʊ The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL is a major Political party in the US state of Minnesota. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses These are tables of congressional delegations from Minnesota to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. This is a list of United States of America States by time zone The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Daylight saving time ( DST The traditional abbreviations for US states and territories were widely used in mailing addresses prior to the introduction of two-letter U ISO 3166-2US is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United States of America. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The 12th-largest state by area in the U. S. , it is the 21st most populous, with just over five million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the 32nd state on May 11, 1858. Minnesota Territory was an Organized territory of the United States from March 3 1849 to May 11 1858, when Minnesota Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The state is known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes"; those lakes and the other waters for which the state is named, together with state and national forests and parks, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities. A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the
Nearly 60% of Minnesota's residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area known as the Twin Cities, the center of transportation, business, and industry, and home to an internationally known arts community. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. The remainder of the state, often referred to as "Greater Minnesota" or "Outstate Minnesota", consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; eastern deciduous forests, also heavily farmed and settled; and the less populated northern boreal forest. Minnesota is the northernmost state outside of Alaska its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of Prairie, from the French prairie ("meadow" "grassland" "pasture" refers to an area of land of low topographic relief that historically Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests The state's image of being populated by whites of Nordic and German descent has some truth, but diversity is increasing; substantial influxes of African, Asian, and Latin American immigrants have joined the descendants of European immigrants and of the original Native American inhabitants. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America A European American (Euro-American is a person who resides in the United States and is either from Europe or is the descendant of European immigrants Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States
The state is known for its moderate-to- progressive politics and social policies, its civic involvement, and high voter turnout. In Politics and Religion, a moderate is an individual who holds an intermediate position between two viewpoints neither to be extreme or radical by those applying Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of international social and political philosophies. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a Ballot in an Election. It ranks among the healthiest states by a number of measures, and has one of the most highly educated and literate populations. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen,
Contents |
Etymology
The word Minnesota comes from the Dakota language name for the Minnesota River: Mnisota. Sioux is a Siouan language. Regional variation Sioux has 3 major regional varieties with various sub- Lects The Minnesota River is a Tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles (534 km long in the U The root Mni (also spelled mini or minne) means, "water". Mnisota can be translated as sky-tinted water or somewhat clouded water. [3][2] Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers by dropping milk into water and calling it mnisota. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States [3] Many locations in the state have similar names, such as Minnehaha Falls ("waterfall"), Minneiska ("white water"), Minnetonka ("big water"), Minnetrista ("crooked water"), and Minneapolis, which is a combination of mni and polis, the Greek word for "city. Minnehaha Creek is a Tributary of the Mississippi River located in Hennepin County Minnesota that extends from Lake Minnetonka in the west Minneiska is a city in Wabasha and Winona counties in the US state of Minnesota. Lake Minnetonka is a Lake in the US state of Minnesota. Throughout its recorded history the lake has been a Resort destination Minnetrista is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. "[4]
Geography
Minnesota is the northernmost state outside of Alaska; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th Parallel. The Northwest Angle, known simply as the Angle by locals and coterminous with Angle Township, is a part of northern Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota Lake of the Woods (lac des Bois is a Lake occupying parts of the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba and the U The term continental United States refers to the 48 contiguous states located on the North American continent south of the border with Canada plus the District The 49th parallel north is a Circle of latitude that is 49 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. Minnesota is in the U. S. region known as the Upper Midwest. The Upper Midwest is a region of the United States with no universally agreed-upon boundary but it almost always lies within the US Census Bureau 's definition The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin. Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota are west, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba are north. The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116 sq mi of North America With 87,014 square miles (225,365 km²), or approximately 2. 25% of the United States,[5] Minnesota is the 12th largest state. [6]
Geology and terrain
- See also: List of lakes in Minnesota and List of Minnesota rivers
Minnesota contains some of the oldest rocks found on earth, gneisses some 3. Gneiss (ˈnaɪs is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally 6 billion years old, or 80% as old as the planet. [7][8] About 2. 7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean; the remains of this volcanic rock formed the Canadian Shield in northeast Minnesota. Basalt (bəˈsɔːlt ˈbeisɔːlt ˈbæsɔːlt is a common Extrusive Volcanic rock. Lava is molten rock expelled by a Volcano during an eruption When first expelled from a volcanic vent it is a Liquid at Temperatures An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The Canadian Shield &mdash also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier Canadien (French &mdash is a large geological shield covered by [7][9] The roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. The Precambrian ( Pre-Cambrian) is an informal name for the supereon comprising the eons of the Geologic timescale that came before the current For the former USAF Bomber base in North Queensland and the National Park See Iron Range Australia The Iron Range and Arrowhead Following a period of volcanism 1. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the 1 billion years ago, Minnesota's geological activity has been more subdued, with no volcanism or mountain formation, but with repeated incursions of the sea which left behind multiple strata of sedimentary rock. [7]
In more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its current terrain. The glacial history of Minnesota is most defined since the onset of the Last glacial period, which ended some 10000 years ago [7] The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago. "Last glacial" redirects here For the period of maximum glacier extent during this time see Last Glacial Maximum The last glacial period [7] These glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. Bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet usually the Earth. This area is known as the Driftless Zone for its absence of glacial drift. The Driftless Area or Paleozoic Plateau is a region in the American Midwest noted mainly for its deeply carved river valleys [10] Much of the remainder of the state outside of the northeast has 50 feet (15 m) or more of glacial till left behind as the last glaciers retreated. Till is unsorted glacial sediment Glacial drift is a general term for the coarsely graded and extremely heterogeneous Sediments of glacial origin 13,000 years ago gigantic Lake Agassiz formed in the northwest; the lake's outflow, the glacial River Warren, carved the valley of the Minnesota River, and its bottom created the fertile lands of the Red River valley. Lake Agassiz was an immense Glacial lake located in the center of North America. Glacial River Warren or River Warren was a prehistoric river that drained Lake Agassiz in central North America between 11700 and 9400 years ago The Minnesota River is a Tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles (534 km long in the U The Red River (rivière Rouge is a North American river Formed by the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers in the United States [7] Minnesota is geologically quiet today; it experiences earthquakes infrequently, and most of them are minor. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer [11]
The state's high point is Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet (701 m), which is only 13 miles (20. Eagle Mountain is the highest point in Minnesota, at 2301 feet (701 m located in Cook County. 9 km) away from the low of 602 feet (183 m) at the shore of Lake Superior. Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. [12][9] Notwithstanding dramatic local differences in elevation, much of the state is a gently rolling peneplain. A peneplain is the final stage in Fluvial or stream Erosion. After the streams in an area have reached Base level, lateral erosion [7]
Two continental divides meet in the northeastern part of Minnesota in rural Hibbing, forming a triple watershed. A continental divide is a line of elevated Terrain which forms a border between two watersheds such that Water falling on one side of the line eventually Hibbing is a city in St Louis County, Minnesota, USA. The population was 17071 at the 2000 census. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Precipitation can follow the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of Mexico, the St. Lawrence Seaway east to the Atlantic Ocean, or the Hudson Bay watershed to the Arctic Ocean. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes Hudson Bay watershed (including the James and Ungava bays This The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major [13]
The state's nickname, The Land of 10,000 Lakes, is no exaggeration; there are 11,842 lakes over 10 acres (. The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 04 km²) in size. [14] The Minnesota portion of Lake Superior is the largest at 962,700 acres (3,896 km²) and deepest (at 1,290 ft (390 m)) body of water in the state. Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. [14] Minnesota has 6,564 natural rivers and streams that cumulatively flow for 69,000 miles (111,000 km). [14] The Mississippi River begins its journey from its headwaters at Lake Itasca and crosses the Iowa border 680 miles (1,094 km) downstream. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to Lake Itasca is a small Glacial lake, approximately 18 square miles (4 The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. [14] It is joined by the Minnesota River at Fort Snelling, by the St. Croix River near Hastings, by the Chippewa River at Wabasha, and by many smaller streams. The Minnesota River is a Tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles (534 km long in the U Fort Snelling, originally known as Fort St Anthony, is a former Military Fortification located at the confluence of the Minnesota The St Croix River is a Tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 164 miles (264 km long in the U Hastings is a city in Dakota and Washington counties in the U See Chippewa River for several other rivers of the same name The Chippewa River in Wisconsin flows approximately 183 miles (294 km through Wabasha is a city in Wabasha County, Minnesota, United States. The Red River, in the bed of glacial Lake Agassiz, drains the northwest part of the state northward toward Canada's Hudson Bay. The Red River (rivière Rouge is a North American river Formed by the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers in the United States Approximately 10. 6 million acres (42,900 km²) of wetlands are contained within Minnesota's borders, the most of any state except Alaska. [15]
Flora and fauna
Minnesota has four ecological provinces: Prairie Parkland in the southwestern and western parts of the state, the Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Big Woods) in the southeast, extending in a narrowing strip to the northwestern part of the state, where it transitions into Tallgrass Aspen Parklands, and the northern Laurentian Mixed Forest, a transitional forest between the northern boreal forest and broadleaf forests to the south. The groundhog ( Marmota monax) also known as the woodchuck land beaver or whistlepig, is a Rodent of the family Sciuridae The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to Prairie, from the French prairie ("meadow" "grassland" "pasture" refers to an area of land of low topographic relief that historically The Temperate deciduous forest is a Biome found in the eastern United States, Canada, central Mexico, southern South America, Big Woods refers to a type of Temperate hardwood forest found in south-central Minnesota. The North Woods of the United States is a broad region of northern Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan and the forested areas of New England Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests [16] These northern forests are a vast wilderness of pine and spruce trees mixed with patchy stands of birch and poplar. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae Birch is the name of any Tree of the genus Betula ( Bé-tu-la) in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the Populus is a genus of between 25–35 species of Flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. Much of Minnesota's northern forest has been logged, leaving only a few patches of old growth forest today in areas such as in the Chippewa National Forest and the Superior National Forest where the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness has some 400,000 acres (1,600 km²) of unlogged land. Ancient Woodland Old growth forest, (also termed primary forest, ancient forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, frontier Chippewa National Forest is a National Forest located in northcentral Minnesota, United States in the counties of Beltrami, Cass, and Itasca Superior National Forest, part of the United States National Forest system is located in the Arrowhead Region of the state of Minnesota between The Boundary [17] Although logging continues, regrowth keeps about one third of the state forested. [18] Nearly all of Minnesota's prairies and oak savannas have been destroyed or fragmented because of farming, grazing, logging, and suburban development. [19]
While loss of habitat has affected native animals such as the pine marten, elk, and bison,[20] others like whitetail deer and bobcat thrive. The American marten ( Martes americana) is a North American member of the Mustelidae family The elk, or wapiti ( Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest Species of Deer in the world and one of the largest Mammals in The American bison ( Bison bison) is a Bovine Mammal, also commonly known as the American buffalo. The White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) also known as the Virginia deer, or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized Deer found throughout The Bobcat ( Lynx rufus) is a North American Mammal of the cat family Felidae. The state has the nation's largest population of timber wolves outside Alaska,[21] and supports healthy populations of black bear and moose. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The American Black Bear ( Ursus americanus) is the most common Bear Species native to North America. The moose (North America or elk (Europe Alces alces, is the largest extant Species in the Deer family. Located on the Mississippi Flyway, Minnesota hosts migratory waterfowl such as geese and ducks, and game birds such as grouse, pheasants, and turkeys. The Mississippi Flyway is a Bird migration route that generally follows the Mississippi River in the United States and the Mackenzie River Goose (plural geese) is the English name for a considerable number of Birds belonging to the family Anatidae. For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. Grouse are a group of birds from the order Galliformes. Often considered a family Tetraonidae, the American Ornithologists' Union Pheasants are a group of large Birds in the order Galliformes. A turkey is either of two extant Species of large Birds in the Genus Meleagris native to North America. It is home to birds of prey including the bald eagle, red-tailed hawk, and snowy owl. Birds of prey are Birds that hunt for food primarily on the wing using their keen senses especially vision The Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a Bird of prey found in North America that is most recognizable as the national bird and The Red-tailed Hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis) is a medium-sized Bird of prey, one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the " The Snowy Owl ( Bubo scandiacus) is a large Owl of the Typical owl family Strigidae The lakes teem with the sport fish such as walleye, bass, muskellunge, and northern pike, and streams in the southeast are populated by brook, brown, and rainbow trout. The walleye (common US name or yellow pickerel (Canada ( Sander vitreus vitreus, formerly Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) is a freshwater Perciform Bass (ˈbæs is a name shared by many different species of popular Gamefish. The muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, is also known as the muskie, musky or maskinonge. The northern pike (known as the pike in Britain Esox lucius, is a Species of carnivorous Fish of the genus Esox (the pikes The brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, (sometimes called the eastern brook trout, Adirondack coaster lake trout) is a Species of Fish The brown trout ( Salmo trutta morpha fario and S trutta morpha lacustris) and the sea trout ( S The rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a species of Salmonid native to tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America
Climate
Minnesota endures temperature extremes characteristic of its continental climate; with cold winters and hot summers, the record high and low span 174 degrees Fahrenheit (96. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. climate of Minnesota is typical of a Continental climate with cold winters and hot summers The following is a list of Minnesota weather records observed at various stations across the state during the last 130 years Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 6 °C). [22] Meteorological events include rain, snow, blizzards, thunderstorms, hail, derechos, tornadoes, and high-velocity straight-line winds. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. A blizzard is a severe Winter storm condition characterized by low Temperatures strong Winds and heavy blowing Snow Blizzards are formed when Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones derecho ( from Spanish: " derecho " meaning "right" is a widespread and long-lived violent convectively induced straight-line windstorm that is A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus Downburst damagejpg|thumb|right|300px|Downburst damages in a straight line The growing season varies from 90 days per year in the Iron Range to 160 days in southeast Minnesota near the Mississippi River, and mean average temperatures range from 36 °F (2 °C) to 49 °F (9 °C). For the former USAF Bomber base in North Queensland and the National Park See Iron Range Australia The Iron Range and Arrowhead [23] Average summer dew points range from about 58 °F (14. The dew point (sometimes spelled dewpoint) is the Temperature to which a given parcel of Air must be cooled at constant Barometric pressure, 4 °C) in the south to about 48 °F (8. 9 °C) in the north. [23][24] Depending on location, average annual precipitation ranges from 19 in (48. 3 cm) to 35 in (88. 9 cm), and droughts occur every 10 to 50 years. [23]
Protected lands
Minnesota's first state park, Itasca State Park, was established in 1891, and is the source of the Mississippi River. The Boundary Itasca State Park is a state park in Minnesota, United States, and contains the Headwaters [25] Today Minnesota has 72 state parks and recreation areas, 58 state forests covering about four million acres (16,000 km²), and numerous state wildlife preserves, all managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Map of State Parks of Minnesota Hold Minnesota state forests http//wwwdnrstatemnus/state_forests/map Minnesota Department of Natural Resources is the agency of the state of Minnesota charged with conserving and managing the state's natural resources There are 5. 5 million acres (22,000 km²) in the Chippewa and Superior National Forests. Chippewa National Forest is a National Forest located in northcentral Minnesota, United States in the counties of Beltrami, Cass, and Itasca Superior National Forest, part of the United States National Forest system is located in the Arrowhead Region of the state of Minnesota between The Superior National Forest in the northeast contains the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, which encompasses over a million acres (4,000 km²) and a thousand lakes. The Boundary To its west is Voyageurs National Park. Voyageurs National Park is a United States National Park in northern Minnesota near the town of International Falls. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MNRRA), is a 72 miles (116 km) long corridor along the Mississippi River through the Minneapolis-St. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area protects a 72 mile (115 km and 54000 acres (220 km² corridor along the Mississippi River from the cities of Dayton and Paul Metropolitan Area connecting a variety of sites of historic, cultural, and geologic interest. [26]
History
Before European settlement, Minnesota was populated by the Anishinaabe, the Dakota, and other Native Americans. The history of the US state of Minnesota is shaped by its original Native American residents European exploration and settlement, and the emergence of Minnesota Territory was an Organized territory of the United States from March 3 1849 to May 11 1858, when Minnesota Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek (which is the plural form of the word is a self-description often used by the Odawa, Ojibwe Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The first Europeans were French fur traders that arrived in the 1600s. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. Late that century, the Ojibwe Indians migrated westward to Minnesota, causing tensions with the Sioux. The Ojibwa or Chippewa (also Ojibwe, Ojibway, Chippeway) is the largest group of Native Americans - First Nations [27] Explorers such as Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, Father Louis Hennepin, Jonathan Carver, Henry Schoolcraft, and Joseph Nicollet, among others, mapped out the state. Daniel Greysolon Sieur du Lhut ( c 1639 &ndash 25 February 1710) was a French soldier and explorer who is the first European known Father Louis Hennepin, OFM baptized Antoine, ( 12 May, 1626 &ndash c Jonathan Carver ( April 13[[ 715]] &ndash January 31[[ 780]] was an American explorer and writer Henry Rowe Schoolcraft ( March 28, 1793 &ndash December 10, 1864) was an American geographer, Geologist, Joseph Nicolas Nicollet ( July 24, 1786 &ndash September 11, 1843) also known as Jean-Nicolas Nicollet, was a French
The portion of the state east of the Mississippi River became a part of the United States at the end of the American Revolutionary War, when the Second Treaty of Paris was signed. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, and approved by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally Land west of the Mississippi River was acquired with the Louisiana Purchase, although a portion of the Red River Valley was disputed until the Treaty of 1818. For the film see Louisiana Purchase (film. The Louisiana Purchase (French Vente de la Louisiane "Louisiana Sale" For other uses see Red River (disambiguation The Red River Valley is a region in central North America that is drained by The Convention respecting fisheries boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the [28] In 1805, Zebulon Pike bargained with Native Americans to acquire land at the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers. Zebulon Montgomery Pike Jr ( January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American soldier and explorer for whom Pikes Peak Confluence, in Geography, describes the meeting of two or more Bodies of water. The Minnesota River is a Tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles (534 km long in the U The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The construction of Fort Snelling followed between 1819 and 1825. Fort Snelling, originally known as Fort St Anthony, is a former Military Fortification located at the confluence of the Minnesota [29] Its soldiers built a grist mill and a sawmill at Saint Anthony Falls, the first of the water-powered industries around which the city of Minneapolis later grew. A gristmill or grist mill is a building where Grain is ground into Flour, or the grinding mechanism itself A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards Sawmill process A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of 100 years ago a log enters Saint Anthony Falls, or the Falls of Saint Anthony, located northeast of downtown Minneapolis Minnesota, was the only natural major Waterfall on the Meanwhile, squatters, government officials, and tourists had settled near the fort. In 1839, the Army forced them to move downriver, and they settled in the area that became St. Paul. Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U [30] Minnesota Territory was formed on March 3, 1849. Minnesota Territory was an Organized territory of the United States from March 3 1849 to May 11 1858, when Minnesota Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Thousands of people had come to build farms and cut timber, and Minnesota became the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858. A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
Treaties between whites and the Dakota and Ojibwe gradually forced the natives off their lands and onto smaller reservations. Phelps Mill is a flour mill in Otter Tail County Minnesota on the Otter Tail River. Otter Tail County is a County located in the US state of As conditions deteriorated for the Dakota, tensions rose, leading to the Dakota War of 1862. The Dakota War of 1862 (also known as the Sioux Uprising, Sioux Outbreak of 1862, the Dakota Conflict, the U The result of the six-week war was the execution of 38 Dakota—the largest mass execution in United States history—and the exile of most of the rest of the Dakota to the Crow Creek Reservation in Nebraska. The Crow Creek Indian Reservation is located in parts of Buffalo, Hughes, and Hyde counties on the Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and [28]
Logging and farming were mainstays of Minnesota's early economy. The sawmills at Saint Anthony Falls, and logging centers like Marine on St. Croix, Stillwater, and Winona, processed high volumes of lumber. Marine on St Croix is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States. Stillwater is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, directly across the St Winona is a city in and the County seat of Winona County, Minnesota, United States. These cities were situated on rivers that were ideal for transportation. [28] Later, Saint Anthony Falls was tapped to provide power for flour mills. A gristmill or grist mill is a building where Grain is ground into Flour, or the grinding mechanism itself Innovations by Minneapolis millers led to the production of Minnesota "patent" flour, which commanded almost double the price of "bakers" or "clear" flour, which it replaced. [31] By 1900, Minnesota mills, led by Pillsbury and the Washburn-Crosby Company (a forerunner of General Mills), were grinding 14. Pillsburylogopng|150px|right|thumb|The Pillsbury logo]] Pillsbury is a Brand name used by Minneapolis -based General Mills and the The J General Mills ( is a Fortune 500 Corporation, mainly concerned with Food products which is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota 1% of the nation's grain. [32]
The state's iron-mining industry was established with the discovery of iron in the Vermilion Range and the Mesabi Range in the 1880s, and in the Cuyuna Range in the early 1900s. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 The Vermilion Range exists between Tower and Ely Minnesota, and contains significant deposits of Iron ore. The Mesabi Iron Range is a vast deposit of Iron ore and the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota The Cuyuna Range is an iron range to the southwest of the Mesabi Range, largely within Crow Wing County Minnesota. The ore was shipped by rail to Duluth and Two Harbors, then loaded onto ships and transported eastward over the Great Lakes. Duluth is a Port City in the US state of Minnesota and the County seat of St Two Harbors is a city in and the County seat of Lake County, Minnesota, United States, along the shore of Lake Superior. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. [28]
Industrial development and the rise of manufacturing caused the population to shift gradually from rural areas to cities during the early 1900s. Nevertheless, farming remained prevalent. Minnesota's economy was hard-hit by the Great Depression, resulting in lower prices for farmers, layoffs among iron miners, and labor unrest. Compounding the adversity, western Minnesota and the Dakotas were hit by drought from 1931 to 1935. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply New Deal programs provided some economic turnaround. The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D The Civilian Conservation Corps and other programs around the state established some jobs for Indians on their reservations, and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 provided the tribes with a mechanism of self-government. Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC) was a Work relief program for young men from unemployed families established on March 21, 1933, by U The Indian Reorganization Act, 1934, also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act or informally the Indian New Deal, was a U This provided natives a greater voice within the state, and promoted more respect for tribal customs because religious ceremonies and native languages were no longer suppressed. [29]
After World War II, industrial development quickened. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including New technology increased farm productivity through automation of feedlots for hogs and cattle, machine milking at dairy farms, and raising chickens in large buildings. A feedlot or feedyard is a type of Confined Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO (also known as " Factory farming " which is used for finishing livestock Planting became more specialized with hybridization of corn and wheat, and the use of farm machinery such as tractors and combines became the norm. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. A tractor is a Vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high Tractive effort at slow speeds for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used The combine harvester, or simply combine, also known as a thresher is a machine that combines the University of Minnesota professor Norman Borlaug contributed to these developments as part of the Green Revolution. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. Norman Ernest Borlaug (born March 25 1914 is an American Agronomist, Humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and has been called the father of the The Green Revolution refers to the transformation of Agriculture that began in 1945 at the request of the Mexican government to establish an agricultural research station to [29] Suburban development accelerated due to increased postwar housing demand and convenient transportation. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Increased mobility, in turn, enabled more specialized jobs. [29]
Minnesota became a center of technology after the war. Engineering Research Associates was formed in 1946 to develop computers for the United States Navy. Engineering Research Associates, commonly known as ERA, was a pioneering computer firm from the 1950s It later merged with Remington Rand, and then became Sperry Rand. Remington Rand (1927–1955 was an early American Computer manufacturer best known as the original maker of the UNIVAC I, and now part of Unisys Sperry Corporation (1910-1986 was a major American equipment and Electronics company whose existence spanned more than seven decades of the twentieth century William Norris left Sperry in 1957 to form Control Data Corporation (CDC). William Charles Norris ( July 14, 1911 near Red Cloud Nebraska &ndash August 21, 2006) was the pioneering CEO of Control Data Corporation (CDC, was one of the pioneering Supercomputer firms [33] Cray Research was formed when Seymour Cray left CDC to form his own company. Cray Inc ( is a Supercomputer manufacturer based in Seattle Washington. Seymour Roger Cray ( September 28, 1925 – October 5, 1996) was a U Medical device maker Medtronic also started business in the Twin Cities in 1949. Medtronic Inc ( based in Minneapolis Minnesota[http //wwwmedtronic
On August 1, 2007, Minnesota had the international spotlight cast on it when the I-35W bridge spanning the Mississippi river collapsed, killing 13. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The I-35W Mississippi River bridge (officially known simply as Bridge 9340) was an eight-lane steel Truss arch bridge that carried Interstate 35W across
Cities and towns
- See also: List of cities in Minnesota and List of townships in Minnesota
Saint Paul, located in east-central Minnesota along the banks of the Mississippi River, has been Minnesota's capital city since 1849, first as capital of the Territory of Minnesota, and then as state capital since 1858. List of cities in Minnesota, arranged in alphabetical order Most Populous A Ada Adams Please see- List of townships in Minnesota (A-M List of townships in Minnesota (N-Z See also The National Farmers' Bank of Owatonna, Minnesota is a bank building designed by Louis Sullivan with decorative elements by George Elmslie Owatonna is a City in Steele County, Minnesota, United States. Louis Henri Sullivan (September 4 1856 &ndash April 14 1924 was an American Architect, and has been called the "father of modernism. Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U Washington DC has been the capital of the United States since 1800 Minnesota Territory was an Organized territory of the United States from March 3 1849 to May 11 1858, when Minnesota
Saint Paul is adjacent to Minnesota's most populous city, Minneapolis; they and their suburbs are known collectively as the Twin Cities metropolitan area, the 16th largest metropolitan area in the United States and home to about 60% of the state's population (as of April 2005). A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central [34][35] The remainder of the state is known as "Greater Minnesota" or "Outstate Minnesota". Minnesota is the northernmost state outside of Alaska its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of
Minnesota has 17 cities with populations above fifty thousand (based on 2005 estimates). In descending order they are Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Rochester, Duluth, Bloomington, Plymouth, Brooklyn Park, Eagan, Coon Rapids, St. Cloud, Burnsville, Eden Prairie, Maple Grove, Woodbury, Blaine, Lakeville, and Minnetonka. Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U Rochester is a City in the US state of Minnesota and is the County seat of Olmsted County. Duluth is a Port City in the US state of Minnesota and the County seat of St Bloomington is the fifth largest city in the US state of Minnesota in Hennepin County, and the third core city of the Minneapolis-St Plymouth is the seventh largest city in the US state of Minnesota. Brooklyn Park is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Eagan is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota, and a suburb of the Twin Cities metropolitan area located approximately Coon Rapids is a city in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States. St Cloud (ˌseɪntˈklaʊd is a city in the US state of Minnesota and the largest population center in the state's central region Burnsville (ˈbɜrnzvɨl is a City 15 miles (25 km south of downtown Minneapolis in Dakota County in the U Eden Prairie is an Edge city 12 miles (22 km southwest of downtown Minneapolis in Hennepin County and the 12th largest city in the U Maple Grove is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Woodbury is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States, and is a Suburb of the Twin Cities metropolitan area Blaine is a city in Anoka and Ramsey counties in the US state of Minnesota. Lakeville (ˈleɪkvɪl is a Suburb 23 miles (37 km south of Downtown Minneapolis in the U Minnetonka is a Suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, eight miles west of Minneapolis. [35] Of these listed, only Rochester, Duluth, and St. Cloud are outside the Twin Cities metropolitan area.
Minnesota has only 3 cities that have a population over 100,000. In descending order they are Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and Rochester. of those listed only Rochester is located outside of the Twin Cities metropolitan area.
Minnesota's population continues to grow, primarily in the urban centers. The populations of metropolitan Sherburne and Scott Counties doubled between 1980 and 2000, while 40 of the state's 87 counties lost residents over the same decades. Sherburne County is a County located in the US state of Minnesota Scott County is a County located in the US state of Minnesota [36]
Demographics
Population
From fewer than 6,100 people in 1850, Minnesota's population grew to over 1. 75 million by 1900. Each of the next six decades saw a 15% rise in population, reaching 3. 41 million in 1960. Growth then slowed, rising 11% to 3. 8 million in 1970, and an average of 9% over the next three decades to 4. 91 million in the 2000 census. [36] As of July 1, 2007, the state's population was estimated at 5,197,621 by the U. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. S. Census Bureau. [37] The rate of population change, and age and gender distributions, approximate the national average. Minnesota's growing minority groups, however, still form a significantly smaller proportion of the population than in the nation as a whole. [38] The center of population of Minnesota is located in Hennepin County, in the city of Rogers. In Demographics, the center of population of a region is the geographical point nearest to all the inhabitants of that region on average Hennepin County is the most populous County in the US state of Minnesota. Rogers is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. [39]
Race and ancestry
Over 75% of Minnesota's residents are of Western European descent, with the largest reported ancestries being German (38%), Norwegian (17%), Irish (12%), and Swedish (10%). Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Norwegians See also History of Norway and Demography of Norway. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate [40] As of 2006, 6. 6% of residents were foreign-born, compared to 12. 5% for the nation. [41] The state has had the reputation of being relatively homogeneous, but that is changing. The Hispanic population of Minnesota is increasing rapidly,[42] and recent immigrants have come from all over the world, including Hmong,[43] Somalis, Vietnamese, Indians and emigrants from the former Soviet bloc. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The terms Hmong (m̥ɔ̃ŋ and Mong ( both refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of southern China. Somalis ( Soomaaliyeed, الصوماليون are an ethnic group located in the Horn of Africa, also known as the Somali Peninsula. The Vietnamese people (người Việt or vi ''người Kinh'' are an Ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were
The state's racial composition in 2006 was:[44]
- 87. 3% White (non-Hispanic);
- 4. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. 4% Black (non-Hispanic);
- 3. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse 8% Hispanic, a category that includes people of many races;
- 3. Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically 4% Asian/Pacific Islander;
- 1% Native American/Alaskan Native;
- 1. Asian or Asiatic is a Demonym for people from Asia. However the use of the term varies by country and person often referring to people from a particular Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States 6% mixed race;
- 1. The terms multiracial and mixed-race describe people whose ancestries come from different races. 6% other races.
Religion
Although Christianity dominates the religious persuasion of residents, there is a long history of non-Christian faith. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings German-Jewish pioneers formed Saint Paul's first synagogue in 1856,[29] and there are now appreciable numbers of adherents to Islam, Buddhism, and other traditions. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of But Protestantism is adhered to by the majority of Minnesotans, and Roman Catholics are the largest single denomination. A 2008 survey by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life showed that 32% of Minnesotans were affiliated with Protestant traditions, 21% with Evangelical Protestants, 28% with Roman Catholic, 1% each with Jewish, Islamic, Buddhist, and Black Protestant traditions, smaller amounts for other faiths, and 13% unaffiliated. The Pew Research Center is a Think tank based in Washington D for other uses see Mainline (disambiguation The mainline (also sometimes called Mainstream) or mainline Protestant denominations Roman Catholicism in the United States has grown dramatically over the country's history from being a tiny minority faith during the time of the Thirteen Colonies [45] This is broadly consistent with the results of the 2001 American Religious Identification Survey, which also gives detail on percentages of many individual denominations. [46]
Economy
Once primarily a producer of raw materials, Minnesota's economy has transformed in the last 200 years to emphasize finished products and services. The economy of Minnesota produced $234 billion of Gross domestic product in 2005 Perhaps the most significant characteristic of the economy is its diversity; the relative outputs of its business sectors closely match the United States as a whole. [47] The economy of Minnesota had a gross domestic product of $234 billion in 2005. [48] Thirty-six of the United States' top 1,000 publicly traded companies (by revenue in 2006) are headquartered in Minnesota,[49] including Target, UnitedHealth Group, 3M, Medtronic, General Mills, U.S. Bancorp, and Best Buy. Target Corporation ( is an American Retailing company that was founded in Minneapolis Minnesota in 1902 UnitedHealth Group Incorporated is a Managed health care company 3M Company ( formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company until 2002 is an American multinational conglomerate corporation with a worldwide Medtronic Inc ( based in Minneapolis Minnesota[http //wwwmedtronic General Mills ( is a Fortune 500 Corporation, mainly concerned with Food products which is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota US Bancorp ( is a Financial services Holding company, headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Best Buy Co Inc ( is a Fortune 100 company and the largest specialty retailer of Consumer electronics in the United States and Canada The second-largest privately owned U. S. company, Cargill, is headquartered in Wayzata. Cargill Incorporated is a privately held, Multinational corporation, and is based in the state of Minnesota in the United States. Wayzata (waɪˈzɛtə or) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States and a western Suburb of Minneapolis. [50] Minnesota's state budget is currently facing a $935 million deficit. [51][52]
The per capita income in 2005 was $37,290, the tenth-highest in the nation. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country [53] The three-year median household income from 2002-2004 was $55,914, ranking fifth in the U. The median household income is commonly used to provide data about geographic areas and divides households into two equal segments with the first half of Households earning less S. and first among the 36 states not on the Atlantic coast. [54] White families earned more income than the national average but among the population under age 18, more than 20% of Asians and Hispanics, more than 40% of African Americans and more than 40% of Native American girls in Minnesota lived in poverty. [55]
Industry and commerce
Minnesota's earliest industries were fur trading and agriculture; the city of Minneapolis grew around the flour mills powered by St. Anthony Falls. Design and environment A lobby and Shopping area at the bottom of the tower is known as the Crystal Court, and provides Skyway connections Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8 1906&ndash January 25 2005 was an influential American Architect. Cesar Pelli (born October 12 1926 in San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina) is an Argentine Architect known for designing some of the Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial See also List of tallest buildings in Minnesota A gristmill or grist mill is a building where Grain is ground into Flour, or the grinding mechanism itself Saint Anthony Falls, or the Falls of Saint Anthony, located northeast of downtown Minneapolis Minnesota, was the only natural major Waterfall on the Although less than 1% of the population is employed in the agricultural sector,[56] it remains a major part of the state's economy, ranking 6th in the nation in the value of products sold. [57] The state is the U. S. 's largest producer of sugar beets, sweet corn, and green peas for processing, and farm-raised turkeys. Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L a member of the Chenopodiaceae family is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of Sucrose. Sweet corn ( Zea mays var rugosa) also called indian corn, sweetcorn, sugar corn, pole corn, or simply corn A pea (inaccurately called a '''sweet pea''' by food distubutors is most commonly the small spherical Seed or the seed-pod of the Legume Pisum A turkey is either of two extant Species of large Birds in the Genus Meleagris native to North America. [58] Forestry remains strong, including logging, pulpwood processing and paper production, and forest products manufacturing. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Logging is the process in which Trees are cut down for Forest management and Timber. Pulpwood refers to Timber grown with the principal purpose of making Wood pulp for Paper production Minnesota was famous for its soft-ore mines, which produced a significant portion of the world's iron ore for over a century. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Although the high-grade ore is now depleted, taconite mining continues, using processes developed locally to save the industry. Taconite is an Iron -bearing high- Silica, Flint -like rock It is a Precambrian Sedimentary rock referred to as a Banded iron In 2004, the state produced 75% of the country's usable iron ore. [58] The mining boom created the port of Duluth which continues to be important for shipping ore, coal, and agricultural products. Duluth is a Port City in the US state of Minnesota and the County seat of St The manufacturing sector now includes technology and biomedical firms in addition to the older food processors and heavy industry. Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) in general simply known as medical research, is the Basic research or Applied research conducted The nation's first indoor shopping mall was Edina's Southdale Center and its largest is Bloomington's Mall of America. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Edina is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, and a first-ring Suburb situated immediately southwest of Minneapolis Southdale Center, commonly known as just Southdale, is a shopping center in Edina, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Bloomington is the fifth largest city in the US state of Minnesota in Hennepin County, and the third core city of the Minneapolis-St Mall of America (also MOA, MoA or the Megamall) is a super-regional shopping mall located in the Twin Cities suburb of Bloomington
Minnesota is one of 42 U.S. states with its own lottery; its games include Powerball, Hot Lotto (both multi-state), and Gopher 5. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government A lottery is a form of Gambling which involves the drawing of lots for a prize Powerball is an American Lottery game sold through US lotteries as a shared Jackpot pool game Hot Lotto is administered by the United States' Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL which also operates the Powerball lottery game The Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL is a non-profit government-benefit association owned and operated by agreement of its member lotteries Gopher 5 is an exclusive Lottery for the state of Minnesota, named after the Minnesota Golden Gophers.
Energy use and production
The state produces ethanol fuel and is the first to mandate its use, a 10% mix (E10) since 1997,[59] and a 20% mix (E20) in 2013. Ethanol fuel is Ethanol (ethyl alcohol the same type of Alcohol found in Alcoholic beverages. Ethanol (ethyl Alcohol) and Methanol (methyl alcohol are two types of Alcohol fuels. [60] There are more than 310 service stations supplying E85 fuel. E85 is an Alcohol fuel mixture that typically contains a mixture of up to 85% denatured fuel ethanol and Gasoline or other hydrocarbon (HC by [61] A 2% biodiesel blend has been required in diesel fuel since 2005. Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based Diesel fuel consisting of short chain Alkyl ( Methyl or ethyl) Esters made by Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum As of December 2006 the state was the country's fourth-largest producer of wind power, with 895 megawatts installed and another 200 megawatts planned, much of it on the windy Buffalo Ridge in the southwest part of the state. Wind Power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form such as electricity using Wind turbines At the end of 2007 worldwide capacity of wind-powered generators was The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. Buffalo Ridge is a large expanse of rolling hills in the southeastern part of the larger Coteau des Prairies, and is the second-highest point in Minnesota. [62]
State taxes
Minnesota has a slightly progressive income tax structure; the three brackets of state income tax rates are 5. A progressive tax is a Tax imposed so that the Tax rate increases as the amount subject to taxation increases 35%, 7. 05% and 7. 85%. [63] Minnesota is ranked as the 6th highest in the nation for per capita total state taxes. [64] The sales tax in Minnesota is 6. A sales tax is a Consumption tax charged at the Point of purchase for certain goods and services 5%, but there is no sales tax on clothing, prescription medications, some services, or food items for home consumption. Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an [65] The state legislature may allow municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes, such as the 0. The Minnesota Legislature is the legislative branch of government in the U 5% supplemental sales tax in Minneapolis. [66] Excise taxes are levied on alcohol, tobacco, and motor fuel. Excise or Excise tax (sometimes called an excise duty) is a type of Tax charged on goods produced within the country (as opposed to Customs duties The state imposes a use tax on items purchased elsewhere but used within Minnesota. A use tax is a type of Excise tax levied in the United States. [65] Owners of real property in Minnesota pay property tax to their county, municipality, school district, and special taxing districts. In the Common law, real property (or realty) refers to one of the two main classes of Property, the other class being Personal property ( Property tax, or millage tax, is an Ad valorem tax that an owner pays on the value of the property being taxed
Culture
Fine and performing arts
Minnesota's major fine art museums include the Weisman Art Museum, the Walker Art Center, and the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. The Frederick R Weisman Museum of Art located on the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis Minnesota has been a teaching Museum for This page is about the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Minneapolis Institute of Arts ( MIA) is an encyclopedic fine Art Museum located in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis, The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra and the Minnesota Orchestra are full-time professional musical ensembles that perform concerts and offer educational programs to the community. The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra ( SPCO) based in Saint Paul (the state capital of Minnesota) is the nation's only full-time professional Chamber The Minnesota Orchestra is an American Orchestra based in Minneapolis Minnesota. A musical ensemble is a group of two or more Musicians who perform instrumental or vocal Music. Attendance at theatrical, musical, and comedy events in the area is strong, which may be attributed to the cold winters, the large population of post-secondary students, and a generally vibrant economy. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and The Guthrie Theater moved into a new building in 2006, boasting three stages and overlooking the Mississippi River. The Guthrie Theater is a center for theater performance production education and professional training in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In the U. S. , the Twin Cities' number of theater seats per capita ranks behind only New York City;[67] with some 2. The City of New York 3 million theater tickets sold annually. [68] The Minnesota Fringe Festival is an annual celebration of theatre, dance, improvisation, puppetry, kids' shows, visual art, and musicals. The Minnesota Fringe Festival is a performing arts festival held in Minneapolis Minnesota, United States, every summer usually during the first two weeks in August Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of Puppetry is a form of Theatre or Performance which involves the Manipulation of Puppets. The visual arts are art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily Visual in nature such as Painting, Photography The summer festival consists of over 800 performances over 11 days in Minneapolis, and is the largest non-juried performing arts festival in the United States. [69]
Literature
The rigors and rewards of pioneer life on the prairie were the subject of Giants in the Earth by Ole Rolvaag and of the Little House series of children's books by Laura Ingalls Wilder. Prairie, from the French prairie ("meadow" "grassland" "pasture" refers to an area of land of low topographic relief that historically Ole Edvart Rølvaag (spelled "Rolvaag" in the United States) ( April 22 1876 - November 5 1931) was a Norwegian-American Laura Ingalls Wilder ( February 7, 1867 – February 10, 1957) was an American Author, who wrote the Little House series Small-town life was savaged by Sinclair Lewis in the novel Main Street, and more gently and affectionately satirized by Garrison Keillor in his tales of Lake Wobegon. Sinclair Lewis ( February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American Novelist, Short-story writer and Main Street is a satirical Novel written by Sinclair Lewis, and published in 1920 Gary Edward "Garrison" Keillor (born August 7, 1942) is an American Author, Storyteller, Humorist, Lake Wobegon is a fictional town in the US state of Minnesota, said to have been the boyhood home of Garrison Keillor. St. Paul native F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote of the social insecurities and aspirations of the young city in stories such as Winter Dreams and The Ice Palace (published in Flappers and Philosophers). Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24 1896 – December 21 1940 was an American writer of Novels and Short stories, whose works are evocative of the " Winter Dreams " is a Short story by F Scott Fitzgerald that first appeared in the Metropolitan Magazine in December 1922 Flappers and Philosophers was the first collection of short stories written by F Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's famous epic poem The Song of Hiawatha was inspired by Minnesota and many places and bodies of water in the state are named in the poem. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27 1807 &ndash March 24 1882 was an American educator and Poet whose works include " Paul Revere's Ride " The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 Epic poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow based on the legends of the Ojibway Indians.
Entertainment
Minnesotan musicians of many genres include soul star Prince, harmony singers The Andrews Sisters, rockabilly star Eddie Cochran, folk musician Bob Dylan, garage rock band The Castaways, pop songwriters Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Jonny Lang, and Soul Asylum. The music of Minnesota has played a role in the historical and cultural development of Minnesota. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician The Andrews Sisters were a Close harmony singing group consisting of sisters LaVerne Sophie Andrews ( Contralto; July 6, 1911 &ndash May Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of Rock and roll music and emerged in the early 1950s Raymond Edward "Eddie" Cochran ( October 3, 1938 He took music lessons in school but quit the band to play drums Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major The Castaways are an American Garage rock band from the Twin Cities in Minnesota. James Samuel "Jimmy Jam" Harris III (born on June 6, 1959, in Minneapolis Minnesota) and Terry Steven Lewis (born Jonny Lang (born Jon Gordon Langseth Jr, January 29 1981 in Fargo North Dakota) is a Grammy Award -winning American Soul Asylum is an American Alternative rock band that formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1983. Minnesota has also produced cult favorites such as Hüsker Dü and The Replacements. For other uses see Husker Du. Hüsker Dü was an American Alternative rock band formed in Minneapolis-St The Replacements were an American Alternative rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1979 [9]
Minnesotans have made significant contributions to comedy, theater, and film. Ole and Lena jokes are best appreciated when delivered in the accent of Scandinavian Americans. Ole and Lena (also Sven and Ole are characters persistent in Jokes by Scandinavian Americans particularly Norwegian-Americans dominantly Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Garrison Keillor is known around the country for resurrecting old-style radio comedy with A Prairie Home Companion, which has aired since the 1970s. Gary Edward "Garrison" Keillor (born August 7, 1942) is an American Author, Storyteller, Humorist, Radio comedy, or comedic Radio programming, is a radio broadcast that may involve Sitcom elements sketches, and many other forms of comedy found A Prairie Home Companion is a live Radio Variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor. [9] Local television had the satirical show The Bedtime Nooz in the 1960s, while area natives Lizz Winstead and Craig Kilborn helped create the increasingly influential Daily Show decades later. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Lizz Winstead (born August 5, 1961) is a Minnesota -born Comedian who was co-creator of The Daily Show along with Craig Kilborn (born August 24, 1962) is an American Comedian and former Talk show host The Daily Show (known in its current incarnation as The Daily Show Actors from the state include Eddie Albert, Judy Garland, Jessica Lange, and Winona Ryder. Edward Albert Heimberger ( April 22, 1906 &ndash May 26, 2005) better known as Eddie Albert, was an American Actor Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10 1922 – June 22 1969 was an American actress and singer Jessica Phyllis Lange (born April 20 1949) is an American stage and screen actress who among many other accolades has won two Academy Winona Laura Horowitz (born October 29 1971 better known under her professional name Winona Ryder, is an American actress Joel and Ethan Coen, Terry Gilliam and Mike Todd contributed to the art of film, and others brought the offbeat cult shows Mystery Science Theater 3000 and Let's Bowl to national cable from the Twin Cities. Joel Coen and Ethan Coen, known together professionally as the Coen brothers, are four-time Academy Award winning American filmmakers Terrence Vance Gilliam (born 22 November 1940) is an American -born British Writer, Filmmaker, Animator and member Michael Todd ( June 22, 1907 or 1909 or June 19, 1911 &ndash March 22, 1958) was an American theatre and A cult following is a group of fans devoted to a specific area of Pop culture. Mystery Science Theater 3000 is an American Cult television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced Let's Bowl was a shortlived Bowling Game show that aired on the Comedy Central Television network
Popular culture
Stereotypical Minnesotan traits include manners known as "Minnesota nice," Lutheranism, a strong sense of community and shared culture, and a distinctive Upper Midwestern accent sprinkled with Scandinavian-sounding words such as uff da. A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group Minnesota nice is the stereotypical behavior of Minnesota residents described as Hospitality and courtesy to others Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther North American English regional phonology is the study of variations in the pronunciation of spoken English by the inhabitants of various parts of North America. Uff da (can also be spelled uff-da uffda uff-dah oofda ufda oofta or ufta is an exclamation of Norwegian origin that is relatively common in the Upper Midwestern Potlucks, usually with a variety of hotdish casseroles, are popular at community functions, especially church activities. A potluck is a gathering of people where each person is expected to bring a dish of food to be shared among the group Hotdish is any of a variety of baked Casserole dishes popular in the Midwestern United States, and especially in Minnesota, North Dakota Minnesota's Scandinavian heritage makes lutefisk a traditional holiday dish. Lutefisk (lutfisk (lʉːtəfɪsk in Southern Norway, in Central and Northern Norway Sweden and the Swedish-speaking areas in Finland Movies like Fargo, Drop Dead Gorgeous, Grumpy Old Men and Grumpier Old Men, the radio show A Prairie Home Companion and the book How to Talk Minnesotan lampoon (and celebrate) Minnesotan culture, speech and mannerisms. Fargo is a 1996 American Film produced directed and written by brothers Ethan and Joel Coen. Drop Dead Gorgeous is a 1999 American Dark comedy Film, directed by Michael Patrick Jann and starring Kirstie Grumpier Old Men is a 1995 Warner Bros Romantic comedy film starring Walter Matthau, Jack Lemmon, Ann-Margret Radio programming is the content that is broadcast by Radio stations The original inventors of radio such as Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo A Prairie Home Companion is a live Radio Variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor. How to Talk Minnesotan is a book Lampooning stereotypical Minnesotan speech and mannerisms written by Howard Mohr, a former writer for
The Minnesota State Fair, advertised as The Great Minnesota Get-Together, is an icon of state culture. The Minnesota State Fair is the State fair of the US state of Minnesota. In a state of 5. 1 million people, there were nearly 1. 7 million visitors to the fair in 2006. [70] The fair covers the variety of life in Minnesota, including fine art, science, agriculture, food preparation, 4H displays, music, the midway, and corporate merchandising. Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture 4-H in the United States is a Youth organization administered by the Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES of the United States A midway at a Fair (commonly an American fair such as a county or state fair is the location where Amusement rides Entertainment and Fast It is known for its displays of seed art, butter sculptures of dairy princesses, the birthing barn, and dozens of varieties of food on a stick, such as Pronto Pups, cheese curds, and deep fried candy bars. Crop art or seed art is a visual art created by fixing vegetable matter, especially Seeds to a background Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. Princess Kay of the Milky Way is the title awarded to the winner of the state-wide Minnesota Dairy Princess Program, an annual pageant competition organized by the Midwest Pronto Pups are a brand of Corn dog which have been sold at the Minnesota State Fair, other state fairs and events throughout the country since 1941 This article is about cheese curds as a regional delicacy For general information about the dairy product see Curd. On a smaller scale, these attractions are also offered at the state's many county fairs.
Other large annual festivals include the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, Minneapolis' Aquatennial and Mill City Music Festival, Moondance Jam in Walker, and Detroit Lakes' 10,000 Lakes Festival and WE Fest. The Coolest Celebration on Earth In 1885 a New York reporter wrote that Saint Paul was "another Siberia unfit for human habitation" in winter The Minneapolis Aquatennial is an annual event held in the US Localinstinct ( talk) 0552 2 October 2008 (UTC Moondance Jam is an annual Classic rock festival held over four days in mid-July in the Leech Lake Detroit Lakes is a city in Becker County, Minnesota, United States.
Health and education
Health
The people of Minnesota have a high rate of participation in outdoor activities; the state is ranked first in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise. [71] Minnesotans have the nation's lowest premature death rate, third-lowest infant mortality rate,[72][73] and the second-longest life expectancies. Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of Infants (one year of age or younger per 1000 live births [74] According to the U. S. Census Bureau, 91% of Minnesotans have health insurance, more than in any other state. [75] These and other measures have led one group to rank Minnesota as the second-healthiest state in the nation, and another to rank it fourth. [76][77]
On 1 October 2007, Minnesota became the 17th state to enact a statewide smoking ban in restaurants and bars with the enactment of Freedom to Breathe Act of 2007. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Freedom to Breathe Act of 2007 is a piece of Minnesota legislation that restricts the act of smoking Tobacco products in public places [78]
Medical care is provided by a comprehensive network of hospitals and clinics, headed by two institutions with international reputations. The University of Minnesota Medical School is a highly rated teaching institution that has made a number of breakthroughs in treatment, and its research activities contribute significantly to the state's growing biotechnology industry. The University of Minnesota Medical School is the Medical school of the University of Minnesota. Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. [79] The Mayo Clinic, a world-renowned medical practice, is based in Rochester. Mayo Clinic is a Non-profit medical practice Its headquarters the Mayo Medical School and its research facilities are in Rochester Minnesota in Rochester is a City in the US state of Minnesota and is the County seat of Olmsted County. Mayo and the University are partners in the Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics, a state-funded program that conducts research into cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, heart health, obesity, and other areas. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Alzheimer's disease ( AD) also called Alzheimer disease or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of Dementia. Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected [80]
Education
- See also: List of colleges and universities in Minnesota, List of high schools in Minnesota, and List of school districts in Minnesota
One of the first acts of the Minnesota Legislature when it opened in 1858 was the creation of a normal school at Winona. normal school was a school created to train high school graduates to be teachers Winona is a city in and the County seat of Winona County, Minnesota, United States. More recently, the state ranked 13th on the 2006–2007 Morgan Quitno Smartest State Award, and is first in the percentage of residents with at least a high school diploma. Morgan Quitno Press is a research and publishing company based out of Lawrence, Kansas. [81][82] More than 90% of high school seniors graduated in 2006, but about 6% of white, 28% of African American, 30% of Asian American and more than 34% of Hispanic and Native American students dropped out of school. [55] Minnesota students earn the highest average score in the nation on the ACT exam. The ACT is a standardized achievement Examination for college admissions in the United States produced by ACT Inc [83] While Minnesota has chosen not to implement school vouchers,[84] it is home to the first charter school. A school voucher, also called an education voucher, is a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the Education of their children at a Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but [85]
The state supports a network of public universities and colleges, currently comprised of 32 institutions in the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System, and five major campuses of the University of Minnesota. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System (commonly abbreviated as "MnSCU" comprises 32 colleges and universities including 25 two-year colleges and seven state The University of Minnesota is a large university with several campuses spread throughout the U It is also home to more than 20 private colleges and universities, four of which rank among the top 100 liberal arts colleges, according to U.S. News and World Report. The term liberal arts refers to a particular type of educational Curriculum broadly defined as a Classical education. USNews & World Report is an influential weekly American Newsmagazine published in Washington D [86]
Transportation
Transportation in Minnesota is overseen by the Minnesota Department of Transportation. Transportation in Minnesota is primarily centered on the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, where 60% of its residents live it is overseen by the The Aerial Lift Bridge (earlier known as the Aerial Bridge or Aerial Ferry Bridge) is a major landmark in the port city of Duluth Minnesota. Duluth is a Port City in the US state of Minnesota and the County seat of St The Minnesota Department of Transportation ( Mn/DOT, pronounced "min-dot" oversees transportation by land water and air in the U Principal transportation corridors radiate from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area and Duluth. The major Interstate highways are I-35, I-90, and I-94, with I-35 and I-94 passing through the Minneapolis-St. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) Interstate 35 (I-35 is a north–south Interstate highway in the central United States. Interstate 90 (I-90 is the longest interstate highway in the United States at nearly 3100 miles (5000 kilometers Paul metropolitan area, and I-90 going east-west along the southern edge of the state. [87] In 2006, a constitutional amendment was passed that required sales and use taxes on motor vehicles to fund transportation, with at least 40% dedicated to public transit. [88] There are nearly two dozen rail corridors in Minnesota, most of which go through Minneapolis-St. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Paul or Duluth. [89] There is water transportation along the Mississippi River system and from the ports of Lake Superior. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. [90]
Minnesota's principal airport is Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP), the headquarters and major passenger and freight hub for Northwest Airlines and Sun Country Airlines. The Hiawatha Line is a 12-mile (19-kilometer Light rail corridor in Hennepin County, Minnesota that extends from Downtown Minneapolis Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in the five-state Upper Midwestern region of Minnesota, Iowa, Northwest Airlines Inc (often abbreviated NWA) is the principal subsidiary MN Airlines LLC, Operating as Sun Country Airlines, is an American Low-cost airline headquartered in the Minneapolis-St Most other domestic carriers serve the airport. Large commercial jet service is provided at Duluth and Rochester, with scheduled commuter service to six smaller cities via Northwest Airlines subsidiary Mesaba Airlines. Mesaba Airlines is an American regional Airline based in Eagan Minnesota. [91][92]
Amtrak's Empire Builder runs through Minnesota, making stops at Midway Station in St. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 The Empire Builder is a Passenger train route operated by Amtrak in the Midwestern and Northwestern United States. Midway Station is the Amtrak Train station in Saint Paul Minnesota, so named after the Midway area which is roughly halfway between the downtowns Paul and five other stations. [93] Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound, Jefferson Lines, and Coach USA. Greyhound Lines is an intercity Common carrier of passengers by Bus serving over 3700 destinations in the United States. Jefferson Lines and Jefferson Tours are operated by Jefferson Partners L Coach USA LLC is a holding company for various American transportation service providers providing scheduled intercity bus service local and commuter bus transit city sightseeing Public transit in Minnesota is currently limited to bus systems in the larger cities and the Hiawatha Line light rail corridor in the Minneapolis-St. The Hiawatha Line is a 12-mile (19-kilometer Light rail corridor in Hennepin County, Minnesota that extends from Downtown Minneapolis For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. Paul area.
Law and government
As with the federal government of the United States, power in Minnesota is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. [94]
Executive
The executive branch is headed by the governor. Territorial Governors State Governors The 2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 2006. The Governor of Minnesota is the chief executive of the US state of Minnesota, leading the state's Executive branch. The current governor is Tim Pawlenty, a Republican whose first term began January 6, 2003, and who was narrowly re-elected in 2006. Timothy James Pawlenty (born November 27 1960 is the 39th and current Governor of Minnesota and a member of the Republican Party. The Republican Party of Minnesota is the Minnesota branch of the United States Republican Party. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The current Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota is Carol Molnau, who was also the head of the Minnesota Department of Transportation until the Senate refused to confirm her appointment in February 2008. This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the US state of Minnesota. Carol Molnau (born September 17, 1949) is the 46th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. The Minnesota Department of Transportation ( Mn/DOT, pronounced "min-dot" oversees transportation by land water and air in the U [95] The offices of governor and lieutenant governor have four-year terms. The governor has a cabinet consisting of the leaders of various state government agencies, called commissioners. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. The other elected constitutional offices are secretary of state, attorney general, and state auditor. Secretaries of State of the US state of Minnesota. Duties of office (from Secretary of state website The secretary of state is the keeper of List of Minnesota Attorneys General: Duties (from Attorney General website The Attorney General is the chief legal officer for the State of Minnesota The Minnesota State Auditor is an officer in the Executive branch of the U
Legislative
The Minnesota Legislature is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Minnesota Legislature is the legislative branch of government in the U In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The Minnesota Senate is the Upper house in the Minnesota Legislature. The Minnesota House of Representatives is the lower house in the Minnesota State Legislature. The state has 67 districts, each covering about 60,000 people. Each district has one senator and two representatives (each district being divided into A and B sections). Senators serve for four years and representatives for two years. In the November 2006 election, the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) gained 19 house seats, giving them control of the House of Representatives by 85–49. The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL is a major Political party in the US state of Minnesota. The Senate is also controlled by the DFL. In early 2008, the DFL picked up an additional seat in a special election to expand their majority to 45–22. The DFL now controls a veto-proof majority in the Senate. A veto, Latin for "I forbid" is used to Denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of Legislation.
Judicial
Minnesota's court system has three levels. Most cases start in the district courts, which are courts of general jurisdiction. District courts are a category of Courts which exists in several nations There are 272 district court judges in ten judicial districts. Appeals from the trial courts and challenges to certain governmental decisions are heard by the Minnesota Court of Appeals, consisting of sixteen judges who typically sit in three-judge panels. The Minnesota Court of Appeals is the intermediate-level Appellate court for the state of Minnesota. The seven-justice Minnesota Supreme Court hears all appeals from the Tax Court, the Worker's Compensation Court, first-degree murder convictions, and discretionary appeals from the Court of Appeals; it also has original jurisdiction over election disputes. The Minnesota Supreme Court is the highest Court in the US state of Minnesota and consists of seven members Certiorari (ˌsɚʃioʊ('rɛri 'rɑri is a legal term in Roman, English, Philippine and American law referring to a type of Writ The original jurisdiction of a court is the right to hear a case for the first time as opposed to Appellate jurisdiction when a court has the right to review the decision of [96]
Two specialized courts within administrative agencies have been established: the Workers' Compensation Court of Appeals, and the Tax Court, which deals with non-criminal tax cases.
Regional
Below the city and county levels of government found in the United States, Minnesota has other entities that provide governmental oversight and planning. Some actions in the Twin Cities metropolitan area are coordinated by the Metropolitan Council, and many lakes and rivers are overseen by watershed districts and soil and water conservation districts. For information about the legislative body of Nashville, see Metropolitan Council (Davidson County. Watershed districts are special Government entities in the US Conservation districts are Government entities that help control the use of land and Water in U
There are seven Anishinaabe reservations and four Dakota communities in Minnesota. Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek (which is the plural form of the word is a self-description often used by the Odawa, Ojibwe Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people These communities are self-governing. [97]
Federal
- See also: Minnesota United States Senate election, 2006 and United States House elections, 2006#Minnesota
Minnesota's two United States senators are Republican Norm Coleman and Democrat Amy Klobuchar. The 2006 Minnesota US Senate election took place on November 7, 2006. This article discusses only races that resulted in a seat's party switch in the U The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Norman Bertram "Norm" Coleman Jr (born August 17, 1949) is an American politician who has served as a U Amy Jean Klobuchar (pronounced "KLOH-buh-shar" IPA /'kloʊ The state has eight congressional districts; they are represented by Tim Walz (1st district), John Kline (2nd), Jim Ramstad (3rd), Betty McCollum (4th), Keith Ellison (5th), Michele Bachmann (6th), Collin Peterson (7th), and James Oberstar (8th). Minnesota currently has eight Congressional districts. There were 9th and 10th districts but they were eliminated in 1963 and 1933 respectively Timothy J Walz (born April 6, 1964) is an American politician. Minnesota's First Congressional District extends across southern Minnesota from the border with South Dakota to the border with Wisconsin. John Paul Kline (born September 6, 1947 in Allentown Pennsylvania) is an American Politician. Minnesota’s 2nd Congressional District covers the south Twin Cities metro area and contains all of Carver, Scott, Le Sueur, Goodhue James M "Jim" Ramstad (born May 6, 1946) is a United States politician from the state of Minnesota. Minnesota's 3rd Congressional District is one of the most affluent in the state encompassing the suburbs of Hennepin County to the north west and south of Minneapolis Betty L McCollum (born July 12, 1954) is an American Politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL Minnesota's 4th Congressional District covers Ramsey County including all of St Keith Maurice Ellison (born August 4, 1963) is an American Lawyer and Politician belonging to the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Minnesota's Fifth Congressional District is a geographically small urban and suburban Congressional district in eastern Minnesota. Michele Marie Amble Bachmann (born on April 6 1956) is the Republican Representative of Minnesota's 6th congressional district Minnesota's Sixth Congressional District includes most or all of Benton, Sherburne, Stearns, Wright, Anoka, and Washington Collin Clark Peterson (b June 29, 1944 in Fargo North Dakota) is an American politician from the U Minnesota's 7th congressional district covers almost all of the western side of Minnesota except for the far south which is Minnesota's 1st congressional district James Louis "Jim" Oberstar (born September 10 1934) is a United States politician Minnesota's 8th congressional district covers the northeastern part of Minnesota.
Federal court cases are heard in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota, which holds court in Minneapolis, St. The United States District Court for the District of Minnesota is the Federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of Minnesota. Paul, Duluth, and Fergus Falls. Fergus Falls is a city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. Appeals are heard by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals based in St. Louis, Missouri and St. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit is a federal court with Appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following Paul.
Politics
Minnesota is known for a politically active citizenry, and populism has been a longstanding force among the state's political parties. Minnesota is known for a politically active citizenry with Populism being a longstanding force among the state's political parties. Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr ( May 27, 1911 &ndash January 13, 1978) was the thirty-eighth Vice President of the United States, serving Populism is a discourse which supports "the people" versus "the Elites " Populism may involve either a political philosophy urging social and political A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral Minnesota has a consistently high voter turnout, due in part to its liberal voter registration laws, with virtually no evidence of voter fraud. Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a Ballot in an Election. Voter registration is the requirement in some democracies for Citizens and residents to check in with some central registry specifically for the purpose of being allowed [98] In the 2004 U.S. presidential election, 77. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. 2% of eligible Minnesotans voted—the most of any U. S. state—versus the national average of 60. 93%. [99] Previously unregistered voters can register on election day at their polls with evidence of residency. Election Day in the United States is the day set by law for the selection of public officials by popular ballot
Hubert Humphrey brought national attention to the state with his address at the 1948 Democratic National Convention. Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr ( May 27, 1911 &ndash January 13, 1978) was the thirty-eighth Vice President of the United States, serving The 1948 Democratic National Convention was held at Convention Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from July 12 to Eugene McCarthy's anti-war stance and popularity in the 1968 New Hampshire Primary likely convinced Lyndon B. Johnson to drop out of the presidential election. Eugene Joseph "Gene" McCarthy ( March 29, 1916 – December 10, 2005) was an American Politician, Poet, and a The New Hampshire primary is the first in a series of nationwide Political party Primary elections held in the United States every four years as part of Please DO NOT flip the colors -->The United States presidential election of 1968 was a wrenching national experience and included the assassination of Democratic candidate Minnesotans have consistently cast their Electoral College votes for Democratic presidential candidates since 1976, longer than any other state. Minnesota is the only state in the nation that did not vote for Ronald Reagan in either of his presidential runs.
Both the Democratic and Republican parties have major party status in Minnesota, but its state-level "Democratic" party is actually a separate party, officially known as the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL is a major Political party in the US state of Minnesota. Formed out of a 1944 alliance of the Minnesota Democratic and Farmer-Labor parties, the DFL now serves as a de-facto proxy to the federal Democratic Party, and its distinction from the Democratic Party, while still official, is now a functional technicality. The Farmer-Labor Party was a political party Although it was primarily Minnesota -based it had a presence in other states The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party.
The state has had active third party movements. The Reform Party, now the Independence Party, was able to elect former mayor of Brooklyn Park and professional wrestler Jesse Ventura to the governorship in 1998. The Reform Party of the United States of America (abbreviated Reform Party USA or RPUSA, generally known simply as the Reform Party) is a Political The Independence Party of Minnesota (often abbreviated MNIP, IP or IPM) formerly the Reform Party of Minnesota, is the third largest Brooklyn Park is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Professional wrestling, or pro wrestling, is a non-competitive professional Sport, where all matches are scripted by the promotion's booking staff Jesse Ventura (born July 15, 1951 as James George Janos) also known as "The Body", "The Star", and "The Results Accumulated and Provided by the Office of the Secretary of State - Election Division GOVERNOR AND LT The Independence Party has received enough support to keep major party status. The Independence Party of Minnesota (often abbreviated MNIP, IP or IPM) formerly the Reform Party of Minnesota, is the third largest The Green Party, while no longer having major party status, has a large presence in municipal government,[100] notably in Minneapolis and Duluth, where it competes directly with the DFL party for local offices. The Green Party of Minnesota is the fourth largest Political party in Minnesota and was founded in 1994 on the Four Pillars of the Green Party: Ecological Duluth is a Port City in the US state of Minnesota and the County seat of St Official "Major party" status in Minnesota (which grants state funding for elections) is reserved to parties, which receive 5% or more of the state's general vote in the U. S. Presidential election. Status is revised every four years.
Senator Norm Coleman (R-MN) was elected to the U. Norman Bertram "Norm" Coleman Jr (born August 17, 1949) is an American politician who has served as a U S. Senate in 2002, defeating former Vice President and former U. S. Senator Walter Mondale (D-MN), who entered the race as the Democratic candidate after Senator Paul Wellstone died in a plane crash on October 25, 2002. Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party Paul David Wellstone ( July 21, 1944 – October 25, 2002) was a two-term U Before his election to the U. S. Senate, Senator Coleman was the mayor of Saint Paul, Minnesota from 1994 to 2002 and served 17 years with the Minnesota Attorney General Office, holding the positions of Chief Prosecutor and Solicitor General of the State of Minnesota. Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U In 1996, after becoming increasingly frustrated with the Democratic Party, Coleman joined the Republican Party, which more closely matched his values. In his 1997 mayoral campaign for re-election as a Republican, Coleman received 59 percent of the vote.
The state's U.S. Senate seats have generally been split since the early 1990s, and in the 108th and 109th Congresses, Minnesota's congressional delegation was split, with four representatives and one senator from each party. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives In the 2006 mid-term election, Democrats were elected to all state offices except for governor and lieutenant governor, where Republicans Tim Pawlenty and Carol Molnau narrowly won re-election. Timothy James Pawlenty (born November 27 1960 is the 39th and current Governor of Minnesota and a member of the Republican Party. Carol Molnau (born September 17, 1949) is the 46th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. The DFL also posted double-digit gains in both houses of the legislature, elected Amy Klobuchar to the U. Amy Jean Klobuchar (pronounced "KLOH-buh-shar" IPA /'kloʊ S. Senate, and increased the party's U. S. House caucus by one. Keith Ellison (DFL) was elected as the first African American U. Keith Maurice Ellison (born August 4, 1963) is an American Lawyer and Politician belonging to the Democratic-Farmer-Labor The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL is a major Political party in the US state of Minnesota. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa S. Representative from Minnesota as well as the first Muslim elected to Congress nationwide. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion At the same time Michele Bachmann became the third woman elected to the U. Michele Marie Amble Bachmann (born on April 6 1956) is the Republican Representative of Minnesota's 6th congressional district S. House of Representatives from Minnesota and the first Republican woman to represent the state on Capitol Hill. The Republican Party of Minnesota is the Minnesota branch of the United States Republican Party. Capitol Hill, aside from being a Metonym for the United States Congress, is the largest historic residential Neighborhood in Washington D [101]
- See also: List of political parties in Minnesota, United States Congressional Delegations from Minnesota, and Minnesota Congressional Districts
Media
The Twin Cities area is the 15th largest media market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research. Minnesota has had a history of favoring the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party candidates since the 1960s especially in Presidential elections where it has been seen as These are tables of congressional delegations from Minnesota to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Minnesota currently has eight Congressional districts. There were 9th and 10th districts but they were eliminated in 1963 and 1933 respectively A media market, broadcast market, media region, designated market area, DMA or simply market is a region where the Population Nielsen Media Research ( NMR) is an American firm that measures media Audiences including Television, Radio The state's other top markets are Fargo-Moorhead (118th nationally), Duluth-Superior (137th), Rochester-Mason City-Austin (152nd), and Mankato (200th). Fargo-Moorhead is a common name given to the Metropolitan area comprising Fargo North Dakota, Moorhead Minnesota, and the surrounding communities The Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin are located at the western part of Lake Superior (the westernmost of [102]
Broadcast television in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest started on April 27, 1948, when KSTP-TV began broadcasting. Terrestrial television is a term which refers to modes of television broadcasting which do not involve satellite transmission Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. KSTP-TV, channel 5 is the ABC affiliate for the Twin Cities. Its transmitter is located in Shoreview Minnesota. [103] Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation, which owns KSTP, is now the only locally owned television company in Minnesota. Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation is an American Television and Radio Broadcasting Corporation based in St There are currently 39 analog broadcast stations and 23 digital channels broadcast over Minnesota. This is a list of broadcast television stations (by channel number serving cities in the U Digital television (DTV is the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by discrete ( digital) signals in contrast to the analog signals used by
The four largest daily newspapers are the Star Tribune in Minneapolis, the Pioneer Press in Saint Paul, the Duluth News Tribune in Duluth and The Minnesota Daily, the largest student-run newspaper in the U. The Star Tribune (also Star Trib or Strib, as it is often referred to is the largest Newspaper in the U The St Paul Pioneer Press is a Newspaper based in St Paul Minnesota, primarily serving the Twin Cities metropolitan area The Duluth News Tribune (or known locally as The Tribune) is a newspaper in Duluth Minnesota. The Minnesota Daily is the campus Newspaper of the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, published every Weekday while school is in session and S. [104] Sites offering daily news on the Web include MinnPost, the Twin Cities Daily Planet and Washington D. MinnPostcom also known as MinnPost and MinnPost in Print is a Non-profit News Website in Minneapolis C. -based Minnesota Independent. The Minnesota Independent, formerly Minnesota Monitor, and sometimes known as MnIndy, is an independent online newsmagazine Weeklies including City Pages and monthly publications such as Minnesota Monthly are also available. City Pages is an Alternative weekly Newspaper serving the Minneapolis-St
Two of the largest public radio networks, Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) and Public Radio International (PRI), are based in the state. Public broadcasting refers to radio television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public Minnesota Public Radio ( MPR) a 501(c(3 non-profit organization is one of the premier Public radio stations producing programming for radio Internet Public Radio International ( PRI) is a Minneapolis -based American Public radio organization with locations in Boston, New York MPR has the largest audience of any regional public radio network in the nation, broadcasting on 37 radio stations. [105] PRI weekly provides more than 400 hours of programming to almost 800 affiliates. [106] The state's oldest radio station, KUOM-AM, was launched in 1922 and is among the 10 oldest radio stations in the United States. KUOM, known as "770 Radio K" "Where Music Matters Most" is a college Radio station operated by the University of Minnesota Twin Cities The title of Oldest Radio Station is a controversial one but can be assumed from several in Europe (particularly of the UK and Germany) and in the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The University of Minnesota-owned station is still on the air, and since 1993 broadcasts a college rock format. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. Campus radio (also known as college radio, university radio or student radio) is a type of Radio station that is run by the students of a college
Sports and recreation
Organized sports
Minnesota has professional men's teams in all major sports. Sports in Minnesota include professional teams in all major sports Olympic Games contenders and medalists especially in the Winter Olympics, collegiate teams in The Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome is home to the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League, and to the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball, winners of the 1987 and 1991 World Series. The Hubert H Humphrey Metrodome, often simply called The Metrodome, is a domed sports Stadium in downtown Minneapolis Minnesota. The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based out of Minneapolis Minnesota. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The Minnesota Twins are a professional baseball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The 1987 World Series was played between the Minnesota Twins and the St The 1991 World Series was played between the Minnesota Twins (95-67 of the American League and the Atlanta Braves (94-68 of the National League A new park is currently being constructed on the west side of downtown Minneapolis, which will be the home of the Minnesota Twins once completed. The Minnesota Twins are a professional baseball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association play in the Target Center. The Minnesota Timberwolves are a professional Basketball team based in Minneapolis Minnesota, United States. The Target Center is an arena in downtown Minneapolis Minnesota, sponsored by Target Corporation that is home to the National Basketball Association The National Hockey League's Minnesota Wild team reached 300 consecutive sold-out games in St. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Minnesota Wild are a professional Ice hockey team based in Saint Paul Minnesota. Paul's Xcel Energy Center on January 16, 2008. Xcel Energy Center is a sports arena in Saint Paul Minnesota, U Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [107]
Minor league baseball is represented both by major league-sponsored teams and independent teams such as the popular St. Paul Saints. Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North The St Paul Saints are a professional baseball team based in Saint Paul Minnesota, in the United States.
Professional women's sports include the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association, the Minnesota Vixen of the Women's Professional Football League, and the Minnesota Whitecaps of the National Women's Hockey League. The Minnesota Lynx are a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA team based in Minneapolis Minnesota and play their home games at the Target Center The Minnesota Vixen are a professional women's football team based in Minneapolis Minnesota that plays in the NWFA The Minnesota Whitecaps are a professional women's Ice hockey team that plays in the Minneapolis-St The National Women's Hockey League (Ligue Nationale de Hockey Féminin was a women's Ice hockey league established in 1999.
The Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I school, with sports teams competing in either the Big Ten Conference or the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Division I (or D-I) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States The Minnesota Golden Gophers are the college sports team for the University of Minnesota. The Western Collegiate Hockey Association is a college athletic conference which operates over a wide area of the Midwestern and Western United States. Four additional schools in the state compete in NCAA Division I ice hockey: the University of Minnesota Duluth, St. Cloud State University, Bemidji State University, and Minnesota State University Mankato. The University of Minnesota Duluth ( UMD) is a regional branch of the University of Minnesota System located in Duluth Minnesota, USA. St Cloud State University is a four year university and part of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities (MnSCU system located in St Bemidji State University (BSU is a public state university in Bemidji Minnesota, USA located on the shores of Lake Bemidji. Minnesota State University Mankato is a four-year university located in Mankato Minnesota. There are ten NCAA Division II colleges represented by the North Central Conference and the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference in Minnesota, and sixteen NCAA Division III colleges represented by the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and Upper Midwest Athletic Conference. Division II (or DII) is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. History The NCC was formed in 1922 Charter members of the NCC were South Dakota State University, College of St Member schools History The Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference was founded in 1932 Since 1932 16 institutions have competed in the NSIC Division III (or DIII) is a division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association of the United States. History On March 15, 1920, a formal constitution was adopted and the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference was born with Carleton College Gustavus Member institutions Associate member Conference Facilities Former members Blackburn College (football only 2002-2007 [108]
Winter Olympic Games medalists from the state include eleven of the twenty members of the gold medal 1980 ice hockey team (coached by Minnesota native Herb Brooks) and the bronze medalist U.S. men's curling team in the 2006 Winter Olympics. The Winter Olympic Games are a winter Multi-sport event held every four years Gold Medal is an Album by American band The Donnas, released in 2004 (see 2004 in music) The Herbert Paul "Herb" Curling at the 2006 Winter Olympics was held in the town of Pinerolo, Italy from February 13 Curling is a team Sport with similarities to Bowls and Shuffle board, played by two teams of four players each on a rectangular sheet of carefully prepared The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Swimmer Tom Malchow won an Olympic gold medal in the 2000 Summer games and a silver medal in 1996. Thomas ("Tom" Andrew Malchow (born August 18, 1976 in St "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International
Grandma's Marathon is run every summer along the scenic North Shore of Lake Superior, and the Twin Cities Marathon winds around lakes and the Mississippi River during the peak of the fall color season. Grandma's Marathon is an annual road race held in late spring in Duluth, Minnesota, in the United States. The North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake to Thunder Bay Ontario, The Twin Cities Marathon (TCM is an annual marathon in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area Autumn leaf color is a phenomenon that affects the normally Green leaves of many Deciduous Trees and Shrubs by which they take on during
Outdoor recreation
Minnesotans participate in high levels of physical activity,[109] and many of these activities are outdoors. The strong interest of Minnesotans in environmentalism has been attributed to the popularity of these pursuits. Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. [110]
In the warmer months, these activities often involve water. Weekend and longer trips to family cabins on Minnesota's numerous lakes are a way of life for many residents. In modern usage a cottage is a dwelling typically in a rural or semi-rural location (although there are cottage-style dwellings in cities Activities include water sports such as water skiing, which originated in the state,[111] boating, canoeing, and fishing. Water skiing is a Sport where an individual (or more than one individual is pulled behind a Motor boat or a cable ski installation on a body of water wearing Boating, the leisurely activity of traveling by Boat typically refers to the Recreational use of boats whether Power boats sail boats, or Canoeing is the activity of paddling a Canoe for the purpose of recreation (also called a float trip Sport, or transportation. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. More than 36% of Minnesotans fish, second only to Alaska. [112]
Fishing does not cease when the lakes freeze; ice fishing has been around since the arrival of early Scandinavian immigrants. Ice fishing is the Activity of catching fish with lines and fish hooks or spears through an opening in the Ice on a frozen body of Water Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well [113] Minnesotans have learned to embrace their long, harsh winters in ice sports such as skating, hockey, curling, and broomball, and snow sports such as cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and snowmobiling. Ice skating is Traveling on Ice with skates, narrow (and sometimes parabolic) blade-like devices moulded into special Boots A study Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Curling is a team Sport with similarities to Bowls and Shuffle board, played by two teams of four players each on a rectangular sheet of carefully prepared A variant of broomball is played by non-Russians in Moscow See Moscow broomball. Cross-country skiing (also known as XC skiing) is a Winter sport popular in many countries with large snowfields primarily Northern Europe, Development of snowshoes Origins Before humanity built snowshoes nature provided examples A snowmobile (known locally as snowmachine, snowsled or by the Brandname Ski-Doo) is a land vehicle that is commonly propelled by [114]
State and national forests and the 72 state parks are used year-round for hunting, camping, and hiking. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Map of State Parks of Minnesota Hold Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. Definition Camping describes a range of activities Survivalist campers set off with little more than their boots whereas Recreational vehicle travelers arrive equipped The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries but there are differences in usage There are almost 20,000 miles (32,000 km) of snowmobile trails statewide. [115] Minnesota has more miles of bike trails than any other state,[116] and a growing network of hiking trails, including the 235-mile (378 km) Superior Hiking Trail in the northeast. Segregated cycle facilities are Roads tracks paths or marked lanes designated for use by Cyclists from which motorised traffic is generally excluded A trail is a Path or Road used for Walking, Cycling, Cross-country skiing, or other activities The Superior Hiking Trail (SHT is a 244-mile long distance hiking trail along the rocky ridgeline above Lake Superior in northeastern [117] Many hiking and bike trails are used for cross-country skiing during the winter.
State symbols
Minnesota's state symbols:[119]
- State bird: Common Loon
- State butterfly: Monarch
- State drink: Milk
- State fish: Walleye
- State flower: Pink and white lady slipper
- State fruit: Honeycrisp apple
- State gemstone: Lake Superior agate
- State grain: Wild rice
- State motto: L'Étoile du Nord ("The Star of the North")
- State muffin: Blueberry
- State mushroom: Morel
- State photograph: Grace
- State song: "Hail! Minnesota"
- State tree: Red Pine also known as Norway Pine
- Nicknames:
- "Land of 10,000 Lakes"
- "North Star State"
- "Gopher State"
- "Land of Sky-Blue Waters"
- "Bread and Butter State"
See also
References
- ^ a b Elevations and Distances in the United States. The Great Northern Diver, known in North America as the Common Loon ( Gavia immer) is a large member of the Loon, or diver Family The monarch ( Danaus plexippus) is a Milkweed butterfly ( Subfamily Danainae in the family Nymphalidae. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. The walleye (common US name or yellow pickerel (Canada ( Sander vitreus vitreus, formerly Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) is a freshwater Perciform The showy lady slipper ( Cypripedium reginae) also known as the pink-and-white lady slipper or the queen's lady slipper, is a rare Orchid Honeycrisp ( Malus domestica 'Honeycrisp' is an Apple Cultivar developed at the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station's Horticultural Research The Lake Superior agate is a type of Agate stained by iron and found on the shores of Lake Superior. Wild rice is any of the four species of plants that make up the genus Zizania (common names Canada rice, Indian rice, and water oats L'étoile du nord (note capitalization is also an Opera. It is also the title of a Short story by the French writer Georges Simenon A star is a massive luminous ball of plasma. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the Energy on Earth A muffin is somewhat like a small Cake, and though it does resemble a Cupcake in that they both have cylindrical bases and rounded conical tops they usually Grace is a 1918 Photograph by Eric Enstrom. It depicts an elderly man Charles Wilden, with hands folded saying a prayer over a table with a simple " Hail! Minnesota " (also simply called " Minnesota " in early years is the State song of Minnesota, and a variation is used as a The Red Pine ( Pinus resinosa) is a Pine native to northeastern North America, occurring from Newfoundland west to southeast Manitoba See also Minnesota The following is a list of topics about the U U. S Geological Survey (2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
- ^ a b Minnesota. Dictionary. com. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy.
- ^ a b Minnesota State. Minnesota Historical--~~~~ Society. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy.
- ^ Minnehaha Creek. Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy.
- ^ Facts and figures. infoplease. com (2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ Land and Water Area of States, 2000. Information Please (2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ojakangas, Richard W. ; Charles L. Matsch (1982). Minnesota's Geology, Illus. Dan Breedy, Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-0953-5.
- ^ Geologic Time: Age of the Earth. United States Geological Survey (October 9, 1997). Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ a b c d e Breining, Greg (December 2005). Compass American Guides: Minnesota, 3rd Edition, 3rd, Compass American Guides. Fodor's (ˈfoʊdɚz is the world's largest publisher of English language Travel and Tourism information and the first relatively professional producer ISBN 1-4000-1484-0.
- ^ Natural history - Minnesota's geology. Minnesota DNR (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ Table Showing Minnesota Earthquakes. University of Minnesota, Morris. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ 118 km SW of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Topographic map. U. S. G. S via terraserver. microsoft. com (1964-07-01). Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ Continental Divides in North Dakota and North America. National Atlas (2007-10-02). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ a b c d Lakes, rivers & wetlands. MN Facts. Minnesota DNR (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ Seeley, Mark (2006). Minnesota Weather Almanac. Minnesota Historical Society press. The Minnesota Historical Society is a private non-profit educational and cultural instutution dedicated to preserving the history of the state of Minnesota. ISBN 0-87351-554-4.
- ^ Ecological Provinces, Ecological Classification System, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (1999). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources is the agency of the state of Minnesota charged with conserving and managing the state's natural resources Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
- ^ Heinselman, Miron (1996). The Boundary Waters Wilderness Ecosystem. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-2805-X.
- ^ Bewer, Tim (2004). Moon Handbooks Minnesota, First edition, Avalon Travel Publishing. ISBN 1-56691-482-5.
- ^ Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition (NA0415). Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund (2001). Retrieved on 2008-04-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in
- ^ Bison disappeared in the mid 1800s; the last bison was reported in southwest Minnesota in 1879. Moyle, J. B. (1965). Big Game in Minnesota, Technical Bulletin, no. 9. Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Game and Fish, Section of Research and Planning, p. 172. As referenced in Anfinson, Scott F. (1997). Southwestern Minnesota Archaeology. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, p. The Minnesota Historical Society is a private non-profit educational and cultural instutution dedicated to preserving the history of the state of Minnesota. 20. ISBN 0-87351-355-X.
- ^ Gray Wolf Factsheet, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (January 2007). Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
- ^ Minnesota climate extremes. University of Minnesota. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
- ^ a b c Climate of Minnesota. National Weather Service Forecast Office. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
- ^ 104 Years of Twin Cities Dew Point Temperature Records: 1902–2006. Minnesota Climatology Office (March 7, 2006). Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ Itasca State Park. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
- ^ Places To Go. National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
- ^ TimePieces. Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved on 2006-09-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.
- ^ a b c d Lass, William E. [1977] (1998). Minnesota: A History, 2nd, New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04628-1.
- ^ a b c d e Gilman, Rhoda R. (1991-07-01). Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. The Story of Minnesota's Past. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87351-267-7.
- ^ Historic Fort Snelling. Minnesota Historical Society Press. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
- ^ Hazen, Theodore R. . New Process Milling of 1850–70. Pond Lily Mill Restorations. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
- ^ Danbom, David B. (Spring 2003). "Flour Power: The Significance of Flour Milling at the Falls". Minnesota History 58 (5): 271–285.
- ^ Engineering Research Associates Records 1946–1959. Hagley Museum and Library. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Population in Metropolitan Statistical Areas Ranked by 2000 Census (PDF). U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ a b Population Estimates. Minnesota Demographic Center. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ a b Environmental Information Report, App. D Socioeconomic Information (PDF). Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (2003-05-30). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 (NST-EST2007-01). Population Division, U. S. Census Bureau (December 27, 2007). Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-02-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the
- ^ Minnesota QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ statecenters. U. S. Census Bureau (2000). Retrieved on 2006-11-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem.
- ^ Minnesota. U. S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Minnesota. U. S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Minnesota Population Projections by Race and Hispanic Origin (PDF). Minnesota Department of Administration (2004). Retrieved on 2006-08-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures
- ^ Modern Language Ass'n List of Hmong Language speakers by State using 2000 census data. Modern Language Association (2004). Retrieved on 2007-03-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
- ^ Minnesota. U. S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Religious Composition of Minnesota. Maps, U. S. Religious Landscape Survey. Pew Research Center (2008-02-25). The Pew Research Center is a Think tank based in Washington D 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
- ^ American Religious Identification Survey. Exhibit 15. The Graduate Center, City University of New York. Retrieved on 2006-11-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal
- ^ Environmental Information Report, App. D Socioeconomic Information (PDF) (2003-05-30). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Retrieved on 2006-11-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land
- ^ Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State. U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (2006-10-26). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Retrieved on 2006-11-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St
- ^ FORTUNE 500 2006: States. CNN Money. Retrieved on 2006-11-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ Hoover's via Yahoo! Finance (2007). Cargill, Incorporated Company Profile. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
- ^ Debt now, debt later: Minnesota's declining economy wreaks havoc on state budget
- ^ State faces 935 million questions on deficit
- ^ Regional Economic Accounts. U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ United States and States - R2001. Median Household Income. U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
- ^ a b Status of Girls in Minnesota (PDF). Women's Foundation of Minnesota and the Institute for Women's Policy Research (April 2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans.
- ^ Minnesota - DP-3. Profile of Selected Economic Characteristics: 2000. U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Census of Agriculture, Minnesota State Profile. U. S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French
- ^ a b Wealth of Resources. Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Ethanol Producer Magazine. Ethanol Producer Magazine. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ 2005 Senate Bill 4 (Ethanol Mandate Increase). Minnesota Votes. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ The complete list of Minnesota E85 fuel Sites. Minnesota Department of Commerce. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Wind Energy Projects Throughout the United States of America. The American Wind Energy Association. Retrieved on 2007-05-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
- ^ Minnesota income tax rates for 2005/2006. Minnesota Department of Revenue. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ States Ranked by Total State Taxes and Per Capita Amount: 2005. U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-03-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
- ^ a b Minnesota Sales and Use Tax Instruction Book, Minnesota Department of Revenue, December 2007, <http://taxes.state.mn.us/taxes/sales/instructions/st_bk07.pdf>. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Local Sales Tax and Use (PDF). Minnesota Department of Revenue. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ Gopher Express. Coffman Info Desk. Regents of the University of Minnesota (2006-10-12). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ Royce, Graydon Royce. "New Guthrie casts a huge shadow over theater scene", Minneapolis Star-Tribune via SavetheGuthrie. org, 2006-04-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ How to fringe. Fresh Art Delivered Daily. Minnesota Fringe Festival (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran
- ^ Minnesota State Fair. Minnesota State Fair. Retrieved on 2006-11-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran
- ^ Statemaster Health Statistics Physical Exercise by State. Statemaster (2002). Retrieved on 2006-08-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
- ^ America's Health Rankings 2006. United Health Foundation (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations.
- ^ Statemaster Health Statistics > Death Rate per 100,000. Statemaster. Retrieved on 2006-08-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
- ^ Explore Minnesota Living. Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development. Retrieved on 2006-08-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
- ^ The Percentage of People Without Health Insurance Coverage by State Using 2- and 3-year Averages: 2003 to 2005 (PDF). Health Insurance Coverage: 2005. U. S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division (2006-08-29). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Retrieved on 2006-11-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal
- ^ Collins, Bob (2007-11-05). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Too much eating, drinking drops Minnesota in health ratings. Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved on 2007-11-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
- ^ Health Statistics Health Index by state. Statemaster. Retrieved on 2006-08-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
- ^ Put 'Em Out: Minnesota Smoking Ban Kicks In Monday. WCCO (29 September 2007). Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-10-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
- ^ University of Minnesota Medical Milestones. University of Minnesota Medical School (2002). Retrieved on 2006-08-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures
- ^ Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics. University of Minnesota Medical School (2002). Retrieved on 2006-08-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures
- ^ Smartest State Award. Morgan Quitno Press. Retrieved on 2006-07-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
- ^ High school diploma or higher, by percentage by state. Statemaster. com (2004). Retrieved on 2006-08-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
- ^ Minnesota's Class of 2007 leads the nation in ACT scores. Multimedia Holdings Corporation (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed
- ^ Hallman, Charles (2007-03-14), “School vouchers: Who stands to gain at what cost?”, Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder, <http://spokesman-recorder.com/news/Article/Article.asp?NewsID=76873&sID=4>
- ^ Charter Schools. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Minnesota Department of Education (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ "America's Best Colleges 2008: Liberal Arts Colleges: Top Schools", USNews. com, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the
- ^ Minnesota Department of Transportation. The Minnesota Department of Transportation ( Mn/DOT, pronounced "min-dot" oversees transportation by land water and air in the U 2007—2008 Official Highway Map [map]. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Transportation amendment update. Minnesota Department of Transportation (2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Minnesota Department of Transportation. The Minnesota Department of Transportation ( Mn/DOT, pronounced "min-dot" oversees transportation by land water and air in the U Minnesota Rail System [map]. Retrieved on 2007-04-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Minnesota Ports and Waterways. Minnesota Department of Transportation. The Minnesota Department of Transportation ( Mn/DOT, pronounced "min-dot" oversees transportation by land water and air in the U Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Airports with Scheduled Air Service. Commercial Service Airports. Minnesota Department of Transportation (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Route Map. Mesaba Airlines. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Amtrak - Routes - Northwest. Amtrak. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Minnesota Government. State of Minnesota. Retrieved on 2006-10-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
- ^ Gov. Looks For New MnDOT Head after Molnau Out. Kare11 News. Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth
- ^ Minnesota Supreme Court (doc). Court Information Office, State of Minnesota. Retrieved on 2006-10-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
- ^ Tribal Government. Minnesota North Star. Retrieved on 2006-10-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony
- ^ Huefner, Steven F. , Daniel P Tokaji, and Edward B. Foley (2007), ‘’From Registration to Recounts: The Election Ecosystems of Five Midwestern States’’, The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, p. 137. ISBN 978-0-9801400-0-2.
- ^ 2004 Voting-Age and Voting-Eligible Population Estimates and Voter Turnout. United States Elections Project. Retrieved on 2006-06-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
- ^ Office Holders. Green Party of Minnesota. Retrieved on 2007-04-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
- ^ "Minnesota Democrat becomes first Muslim to win seat in Congress", Associated Press, International Herald Tribune, 2006-11-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Retrieved on 2006-12-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office
- ^ 210 Designated Market Areas - 03-04. Nielsen Media. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ 5 EYEWITNESS NEWS History. kstp. com. Retrieved on 2007-03-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
- ^ Daily Board of Directors. The Minnesota Daily. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ About MPR. Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
- ^ PRI factsheet. Public Radio International. Retrieved on 2007-05-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
- ^ Recap, Flames 3, Wild 2, SO. Minnesota Wild (2008-01-17). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ NCAA Members by State. NCAA. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Statemaster Health Statistics Physical Exercise by State. Statemaster (2002). Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Green Hunters: Minnesota DNR. Fish & Wildlife Today. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Water Skiing History. ABC of Skiing. MaxLifestyle. net "Go Skiing like Max!" (2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Managing for Results. Minnesota DNR. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Benjamin, Robert W. (2006-07-15). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Ice Fishing can be a very exciting experience. Buzzle. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Turning Snow into Sport. Explore Minnesota Experiences. Minnesota Department of Tourism. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Snowmobiling Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Tourism. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Take to the Trails! Explore Minnesota Biking. Minnesota Department of Tourism. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Superior Hiking Trail. Minnesota Department of Tourism. Retrieved on 2006-12-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
- ^ All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology (2003). Retrieved on 2006-10-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat
- ^ Minnesota State Symbols. Minnesota State Legislature. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
External links
Government
- State of Minnesota Official site
- Minnesota State Legislature
- Minnesota Judicial Branch
- Hyperlinked state constitution
- Full text of state constitution
Tourism & recreation
Culture & history
- Minnesota Historical Society
- Minnesota history timeline
- Minnesota Historical Society's online timeline
- A History of Minneapolis: Early History: Resources
- Minnesota Place Names
- Forests, Fields, and the Falls: Connecting Minnesota
Maps and Demographics
- Minnesota State Demographic Center
- Minnesota Health and Demographic Data
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Minnesota
- Minnesota Demographics Facts
- Minnesota State Highway Map
- Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection
- John R. Borchert Map Library
- Minnesota Geological Survey
Dictionary
Minnesota
-proper noun
- A north-central state of the United States of America. West of Wisconsin, north of Iowa, east of South Dakota and North Dakota; south of the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario. The capital is Saint Paul.
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