Beer barrels outside the Castle Rock microbrewery in Nottingham, England. Tynemill is a British Pub chain based in the East Midlands and Yorkshire. Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

A microbrewery, or craft brewery, is a modern brewery which produces a limited amount of beer. A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of Beer, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of beer's history The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (18,000 hectolitres/ 475,000 US gallons) a year. ^[1] A brewpub is a type of microbrewery.

Origins and philosophy

The term and trend originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s to describe the new generation of small breweries which had a focus on producing traditional cask ale. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised Beer which is conditioned (including Secondary fermentation Though originally used to reflect the size of the breweries it gradually came to reflect an alternative attitude and approach to brewing of flexibility, adaptability, experimentation and customer service. The term and trend spread to the United States in the 1980s where it eventually was used to indicate a brewery that produces fewer than 15,000 barrels of beer annually. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[2]

Micro or craft breweries have adopted a different marketing strategy than large, mass-market breweries, offering products that compete on the basis of quality and diversity, instead of low price and advertising. A marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Their influence has been much greater than their market share (which amounts to only 2% in the UK),^[3] indicated by the fact that large commercial breweries have introduced new brands intended to compete for some of the microbrewery market, and when this failed, they have invested in or bought some microbreweries. Market share, in Strategic management and Marketing, is the percentage or proportion of the total available Market or Market segment that is A brand is a collection of Images and ideas representing an economic producer more specifically it refers to the descriptive verbal attributes and concrete symbols such as a

Microbreweries in the United States

Microbreweries, regional breweries, and brew pubs per capita. ^[4]

In the early twentieth century, Prohibition drove many breweries in the US into bankruptcy because they could not rely on selling "sacramental wine" as wineries of that era did. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against After several decades of consolidation of breweries, most American commercial beer was produced by a few very large corporations, resulting in a very uniform, mild-tasting lager, of which Budweiser and Miller are well-known examples. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business Lager (storage camp bearing etc is the more popular of two main types of Beer; the other being Ale. Budweiser is an American-style lager and is one of the most popular beers in the United States. Miller Brewing Company is the second largest American style Beermaker and is based in Milwaukee Wisconsin, United States. Consequently, some beer drinkers craving variety turned to homebrewing and eventually a few started doing so on a slightly larger scale. Homebrewing typically refers to the Brewing of Beer and similar Alcoholic beverages (and sometimes soft drinks on a very small scale as a Hobby For inspiration, they turned to Britain, Germany, and Belgium, where a centuries-old tradition of artisan beer and cask ale production had never died out. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised Beer which is conditioned (including Secondary fermentation ^[5]

The popularity of these products was such that the trend quickly spread, and hundreds of small breweries sprang up, often attached to a bar (known as a "brewpub") where the product could be sold directly. A bar (also called a Pub or Tavern) is a business that serves drinks especially Alcoholic beverages such as beer liquor and mixed drinks for consumption A microbrewery, or craft brewery, is a modern Brewery which produces a limited amount of beer usually with an orientation toward distinctive and flavorful products As microbrews proliferated, some became more than microbrews, necessitating the definition of the broader category of craft beer - high quality beer. A microbrewery, or craft brewery, is a modern Brewery which produces a limited amount of beer usually with an orientation toward distinctive and flavorful products The largest American craft brewery is Samuel Adams. The Boston Beer Company ( is an American Brewing company founded in 1985 by Jim Koch in Boston Massachusetts, USA. ^[6]

American microbreweries typically distribute through a wholesaler in a traditional three-tier system, others act as their own distributor (wholesaler) and sell to retailers and/or directly to the consumer through a tap room, attached restaurant, or off-premise sales. Wholesaling is the sale of Goods or Merchandise to Retailers to industrial commercial institutional or other professional Business users The Three-tier system of alcohol distribution is the system for distributing alcoholic beverages set up in the United States after the repeal of Prohibition. A distributor is a device in the Ignition system of an Internal combustion engine that routes High voltage from the Ignition coil to the Because alcohol control is left up to the states, there are many state-to-state differences in the laws.

The Association of Brewers reports that in 2007 there were 1,406 regional craft breweries, microbreweries and brewpubs in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[7]

Microbreweries in other countries

Microbreweries are gradually appearing in other countries (such as New Zealand and Australia) where a similar market concentration exists. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. For example, microbreweries are flourishing in Canada, mostly on the West Coast and in Ontario, which has a large domestic market dominated by a few large companies. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Britain also has a large number of small commercial breweries making cask ale, the smallest of which are known as microbreweries and can be found in spaces as restricted as a single domestic garage. Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised Beer which is conditioned (including Secondary fermentation There is less of a divide between these and the giant companies, however, as breweries of all sizes exist to fill the gap. In Japan, microbrews are known as Ji Bīru(地ビール), or "local beer. " In 1994, Japan's strict tax laws were relaxed allowing smaller breweries producing 60,000 litres (15,850 gal) per year. Before this change, breweries could not get a license without producing at least 2 million litres (528,000 gal) per year. As a result, a number of smaller breweries have been established throughout the country.

Definition

Definitions^[8] of Microbrewery vary:

• "In common-sense terms, a microbrewery is a small craft brewery which seeks the support of informed beer consumers. " / "A beer maker with limited capacity whose products are typically distributed within a restricted geographic region. "
• "By definition, a microbrewery was originally considered to be a brewery with a capacity of less than 3000 barrels (3500 hectoliters), but by the end of the 1980s this threshold increased to 15,000 barrels (18,000 hectoliters) as the demand for microbrewed beer doubled and then tripled. "
• "Breweries and brewpubs producing less than 1,500 barrels per year. "
• "A small brewery; consumption of the product is mainly elsewhere. " More: "A small brewery, generally producing fewer than 10,000 barrels of beer and ale a year and frequently selling its products on the premises"^[9]
• "The great chicken or the egg question in the Brewing industry has always been: What defines a microbrewery? The Institute of Brewing Studies does a good job of bringing some sense to great mystery -- and it puts those at less than 15,000 barrels in the micro category and makes the designation of craft brewery very important. I feel any brewery producing less than 50,000 barrels per year could fall into this category. "^[10]
• "There is also the whole issue of the definition of microbreweries. In the United States, a microbrewery is a brewery producing less than 1 million hectolitres per year. In Canada, a microbrewery is defined as a brewery producing 300,000 hectolitres of beer. Therefore, in the United States a brewery producing less than 1 million hectolitres is by definition a microbrewery and, as such, is entitled to a more preferential tax rate, 9 cents, whereas in Canada, the threshold and the definition are, to a certain extent, a disadvantage for microbreweries. "^[11]
• "A microbrewery is a small brewery with a limited production capacity which, of necessity, produces labour intensive hand-crafted beers. "^[12]

Brewpub

A brewpub in Brussels

A brewpub is a pub or restaurant that brews beer on the premises. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Some brewpubs, such as The Blue Anchor brewpub in England,^[13] and those in Germany, have been brewing traditionally on the premises for hundreds of years. Others, such as the Les 3 Brasseurs chain in France,^[14] and the various chains in North America, are modern restaurants.

Before the development of large commercial breweries, beer would have been brewed on the premises from which it was sold. Alewives would put out a sign such as an ale-wand to show when their beer was ready. Gradually men became involved in brewing and organised themselves into guilds such as the Brewers Guild in London of 1342 and the Edinburgh Society of Brewers in 1598; as brewing became more organised and reliable many inns and taverns ceased brewing for themselves and bought beer from these early commercial breweries. Brewing is the production of Alcoholic beverage and Alcohol fuel through fermentation. A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers Inns are establishments where travellers can procure Food, Drink, and Lodging. A tavern or pot-house is loosely a place of Business where people gather to drink Alcoholic beverages and more than likely also be served Food

However, there were some brewpubs which continued to brew their own beer, such as the Blue Anchor brewpub in Helston, Cornwall, England, which was established in 1400, and is regarded as the oldest brewpub in the British Isles. Helston (Hellys or Henlys is a small Town and Civil parish in the Kerrier district of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar ^[15] In Britain during the 20th century most of the traditional pubs which brewed their own beer in the brewhouse round the back of the pub, were bought out by larger breweries and ceased brewing on the premises. By the mid-1970s only four remained, All Nations, The Old Swan, the Three Tuns and the Blue Anchor. ^[16]

In Germany, the brewpub or brauhaus remained the most common source of beer. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. However, the trend throughout the rest of the world during the early to mid 20th century was for larger brewing companies.

The trend toward larger brewing companies started to change during the 1970s when the popularity of the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA)'s campaign for traditional brewing methods, and the success of Michael Jackson's World Guide to Beer, encouraged brewers in the UK such as Peter Austin to form their own small breweries or brewpubs. The Campaign for Real Ale ( CAMRA) is an independent voluntary, Consumer organisation based in St Albans, England, whose main aim Michael Jackson ( 27 March 1942 – 30 August 2007) was an English writer and journalist Ringwood Brewery, is a small brewery situated on the edge of the New Forest in Hampshire, England near the Dorset border In 1979 a chain of UK brewpubs, known as the "Firkin" pubs, started. ^[17]

Interest spread to America, and in 1982 Grant's Brewery Pub in Yakima, Washington was opened, reviving the American "brewery taverns" of well-known early Americans as William Penn, Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry. William Penn ( October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, Samuel Adams ( – October 2 1803 was an American Statesman, Politician, Writer and political philosopher, brewer Patrick Henry ( May 29, 1736 June 6, 1799) was a prominent figure in the American Revolution, known and remembered for his " The growth since then has been considerable: the Association of Brewers reports that in 2006 there were 1,389 regional craft breweries, microbreweries and brewpubs in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[18]

In Dublin, Ireland, as in the UK, there were brewpubs. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. And, as in the UK, these had closed after large breweries, such as Guinness, were formed. Guinness (ˈɡɪnɪs is a popular Dry stout that originated in Arthur Guinness ' brewery at St In France a chain of American style brewpubs operate under the name Les 3 Brasseurs. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ^[19]

In Canada, changes in outdated liquor control laws finally allowed "Spinnakers" to open in Victoria, British Columbia in 1984. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Legislative changes followed in other provinces and brewpubs quickly sprouted up across the country in the 1980s and 1990s. Standouts include the Brewsters chain operating in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Dieu du Ciel in Montreal, and the multi award-winning Bushwakker Brewpub in Regina, Saskatchewan—the city which boasts the highest brewpub per-capita ratio in Canada at 1:30,000. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Craft beer

Craft Beer is an American term which is also common in Canada and New Zealand and generally refers to beer that is brewed without adjuncts and with an eye to beer style rather than mass appeal. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea The following is about the brewing term adjunct is also a term used in linguistics. Beer style is a term used to differentiate and categorize Beers by various factors such as colour flavour strength ingredients production method recipe history or origin ^[20] It has gradually replaced the term microbrew as the most popular term to describe the output of micro or craft breweries.

Craft beer may refer to the products of brewpubs and smaller breweries, as well as some all-malt beers produced by larger breweries and applicable brews from outside the US. Many craft beers are unfiltered, bottle conditioned or cask conditioned. Filtered or bright beer is Beer in which yeast is no longer in suspension. Bottle conditioned beers are either unfiltered so the final conditioning of the beer takes place in the bottle or filtered and then reseeded with yeast so that an additional Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised Beer which is conditioned (including Secondary fermentation They generally contain fewer adjuncts than mass-produced beers. Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of

In the United Kingdom, CAMRA use the term "real ale" to refer to unfiltered beers that are not force-carbonated, such as cask ale. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Campaign for Real Ale ( CAMRA) is an independent voluntary, Consumer organisation based in St Albans, England, whose main aim Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised Beer which is conditioned (including Secondary fermentation Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised Beer which is conditioned (including Secondary fermentation In the US, such cask ales are uncommon, and craft beers on draft are mainly served from pressurised kegs, though American bottle conditioned beers are real ales. Draught beer (also known as draft beer or tap beer) has several related though slightly different understandings A keg is a cylindrical container usually constructed of aluminum steel or wood Bottle conditioned beers are either unfiltered so the final conditioning of the beer takes place in the bottle or filtered and then reseeded with yeast so that an additional

The interest in beer styles in the US has increased steadily since Michael Jackson's 1977 book The World Guide to Beer was published in America. Michael Jackson ( 27 March 1942 – 30 August 2007) was an English writer and journalist Additionally, the enactment of laws clarifying the legality of homebrewing in 1979 encouraged an increase in hobbyists who contributed greatly to the trend. Homebrewing beer refers to the brewing of Beer on a very small scale Pioneer breweries such as the reinvigorated Anchor Brewing and newcomers Samuel Adams and Sierra Nevada, along with many others which have not survived, brought the concept of craft beer to a wider audience and provided the foundation upon which today's market is based. Anchor Brewing Company is an American Alcoholic beverage producer operating a Brewery and distillery on Potrero Hill in San The Boston Beer Company ( is an American Brewing company founded in 1985 by Jim Koch in Boston Massachusetts, USA. The Sierra Nevada Brewing Company was established in 1980 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi

The American craft brewing industry was profiled in the feature length documentary American Beer which was released in 2004. American Beer is a feature-length documentary directed by Paul Kermizian that chronicles and documents the American craft brewing industry Breweries featured in the film include Dogfish Head, Victory Brewing Company, McNeill's Brewery, Climax Brewing, Sierra Nevada Brewing, Anchor Brewing, New Glarus Brewing, New Belgium Brewing, Bell's Brewery and others. Dogfish Head Brewery is a Beer manufacturer based in Milton, Delaware. Victory Brewing Company (Victory is an American brewery located in Downingtown Pennsylvania. The Sierra Nevada Brewing Company was established in 1980 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi Anchor Brewing Company is an American Alcoholic beverage producer operating a Brewery and distillery on Potrero Hill in San The New Glarus Brewing Company is an American Brewery founded in 1993 New Belgium Brewing Company is a regional Brewery located in Fort Collins, Colorado. Bell's Brewery Inc is a Brewery located in Kalamazoo Michigan, which produces the Bell's brand of beers

See also

• Regional brewery
• Brewery
• Microdistilling
• Pub

References

External links

• Brewpubs at the Open Directory Project