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Metropolitan area in Western Tokyo as seen from Tokyo Tower
Metropolitan area in Western Tokyo as seen from Tokyo Tower
A 3D rendered image of the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area, a bi-national urban agglomeration.
A 3D rendered image of the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area, a bi-national urban agglomeration. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. is a communications tower located in Shiba Park, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality

A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence, or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central cities and their zone of influence. A metropolis (from the Greek μήτηρ mētēr meaning 'mother' and πόλις pólis meaning 'city/town' is a big City, in most cases with A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status One or more large cities may serve as its hub or hubs, and the metropolitan area is normally named after either the largest or most important central city within it.

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General definition

A metropolitan area usually combines an agglomeration (the contiguous built-up area) with peripheral zones not themselves necessarily urban in character, but closely bound to the center by employment or commerce; these zones are also sometimes known as a commuter belt, and may extend well beyond the urban periphery depending on the definition used. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality It is mainly the area that is not part of the city but is connected to the city. For example, Pasadena, California would be added to Los Angeles, California's metro area. Pasadena ( is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West While it isn't the same city, it is connected.

The core cities in a polycentric metropolitan area need not be physically connected by continuous built-up development, distinguishing the concept from conurbation, which requires urban contiguity. A conurbation is an Urban area or Agglomeration comprising a number of Cities, large Towns and larger urban areas that through Population In a metropolitan area, it is sufficient that central cities together constitute a large population nucleus with which other constituent parts have a high degree of integration.

In practice the parameters of metropolitan areas, in both official and unofficial usage, are not consistent. Sometimes they are little different from an urban area, and in other cases they cover broad regions that have little relation to the traditional concept of a city as a single urban settlement. Thus all metropolitan area figures should be treated as interpretations rather than as hard facts. Metro area population figures given by different sources for the same place can vary by millions, and there is a tendency for people to promote the highest figure available for their own "city". However the most ambitious metropolitan area population figures are often better seen as the population of a "metropolitan region" than of a "city".

Differences in terminology by country

The term metropolitan area is sometimes abbreviated to 'metro', for example in Metro Manila and Washington, DC Metro Area, which in the latter case should not be mistaken to mean the metro rail system of the city. Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang The Washington DC Metropolitan Area, formally known as the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria DC-VA-MD-WV MSA is a U A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Although it can be compared in composition to many of the world's metropolitan areas, in France the term for the region around an urban core linked by commuting ties is an aire urbaine (officially translated as "urban area"). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The aire urbaine is an INSEE (the national statistics office of France statistical region comprising a Couronne périurbaine commuter belt around a contiguous In Japan that would be toshiken (都市圏? lit. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. bloc of cities).

Country official unique definitions

Australia

Perth is arguably the most isolated metropolitan area in the world.
Perth is arguably the most isolated metropolitan area in the world. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia.

In Australia, Statistical Divisions (SDs) are defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics as areas under the unifying influence of one or more major towns or cities. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Each capital city forms its own Statistical Division, and the population of the SD is the most-often quoted figure for that city's population. Statistical Districts are defined as non-capital but predominantly urban areas. The statistical divisions that encompass the capital cities are commonly though unofficially called 'metropolitan areas'. [1]

United States

The Office of Management and Budget defines "Core Based Statistical Areas" used for statistics purposes among federal agencies. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB is a Cabinet -level office and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP Each CBSA is based on a core urban area and is composed of the counties which comprise that core as well as any surrounding counties that are tightly socially or economically integrated with it. A county of the United States is a local level of government created as a subdivision of a state by the state government or by the federal or territorial government as a subdivision These areas are designated as either metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas, based on population size; a "metro" area has an urban core of at least 50,000 residents, while a "micro" area has less than 50,000 but at least 10,000. Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced Table of United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical Areas United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas (µSA where the initial Greek letter [2]

Additional terms

At the turn of the 19th century only 3 percent of the world was urbanized. During the 20th and into the 21st century the presence of humans in urban areas has increased dramatically. Within the first quarter of the 21st century it is expected that more than half of the world's population will live in urban areas, if this is not already the case. [3]

By 2025, according to the Far Eastern Economic Review, Asia alone will have at least 10 hypercities, those with 20 million or more, including Delhi (~20 million), Jakarta (24. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. 9 million people), Dhaka (25 million), Karachi (26. Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million 5 million), Shanghai (27 million) and Mumbai (33 million). Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial [4] Lagos has grown from 300,000 in 1950 to an estimated 15 million today, and the Nigerian government estimates that city will have expanded to 25 million residents by 2015. Lagos ( pron ˈleɪgɒs or /ˈlɑːgoʊs/ overseas is the most populous Conurbation in Nigeria with [5]

If several metropolitan areas are located in succession, metropolitan areas are sometimes grouped together as a megalopolis (plural megalopoleis, also megalopolises). A megalopolis consists of several interconnected cities (and their suburbs), between which people commute, and which are so close together that suburbs can claim to be suburbs of more than one city. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Another name for a megalopolis is a metroplex (short for metropolitan complex) or connurbation. A megalopolis (or megapolis) is defined as an extensive Metropolitan area or a long chain of roughly continuous metropolitan areas A metroplex is large Metropolitan area containing several cities and their suburbs A conurbation is an Urban area or Agglomeration comprising a number of Cities, large Towns and larger urban areas that through Population

This concept was first proposed by the French geographer Jean Gottmann in his book Megalopolis, a study of the northeastern United States. (Iona Jean Gottmann ( October 10, 1915 &ndash February 28, 1994) was a French Geographer who was most widely known for coining the One famous example is the BosWash megalopolis consisting of Boston, Providence, Hartford, New York City, Newark, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore, Washington, and vicinity. Northeastern_United_States#The_Northeast_as_a_megalopolis BosWash (also referred to as BoWash, BosNYwash, the Northeast Corridor, the The City of New York Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Wilmington is the largest city in the state of Delaware, United States and is located at the confluence of the Christina River and Brandywine Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D

The biggest one is the Taiheiyō Belt (the Pacific Megalopolis) in Japan consisting of Tokyo MA, Shizuoka MA, Nagoya MA, Osaka MA, Okayama MA, Hiroshima MA, Fukuoka MA and vicinity. The also known as Tokaido corridor is the name for the Megalopolis in Japan extending from Ibaraki Prefecture in the north all the way to Fukuoka Prefecture Guangdong Province's Pearl River Delta is a huge megalopolis with a population of 48 million that extends from Hong Kong and Shenzhen to Guangzhou. Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the The Pearl River Delta Region (PRD ( in southern China occupies the low-lying areas alongside the Pearl River Estuary Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Shenzhen is a city of sub-provincial administrative status in southern China's Guangdong province situated immediately Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Some projections assume that by 2030 up to 1 billion people will live in China's urban areas. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Even rather conservative projections predict an urban population of up to 800 million people. In its most recent assessment, the UN Population Division estimated an urban population of 1 billion in 2050. [6]

The megalopoleis in Europe are the Ruhr Area in Germany, the Randstad (Knooppunt Arnhem-Nijmegen and Brabantse Stedenrij are counted with the Randstad) in the Netherlands, the Flemish Diamond in Belgium, Ile de France in France and the metropolitan area of London, as well as several 'smaller' agglomerations, such as the Meuse-Rhine Euregion, the Ems-Dollart Euregion, and the Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai Euregion. The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia ImageRandstad_with_scalepng|400px|thumb|right|Schematic map of the Randstadcircle 528 380 26 Schiphol rect 426 356 498 436 Haarlemmermeer rect 399 166 479 245 The Flemish Diamond (in Dutch: Vlaamse Ruit) is a name of an area consisting of the central provinces of Flanders, Belgium. Île-de-France ( pronounced /il d̪ə fʁɑ̃s/ literally "Island of France" is one of the twenty-six administrative regions of France. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality Together this megalopolis has an estimated population of around 50 million.

Africa's first megalopolis is situated in the urban portion of Gauteng Province in South Africa, comprising the conurbation of Johannesburg, and the metropolitan areas of Pretoria and the Vaal Triangle, otherwise known as the PWV. Gauteng (xaʊˈtɛŋ Sotho xɑ́útʼèŋ̀ is a province of South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa. Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Vaal Triangle is a triangular area of land formed by Vereeniging, Vanderbijlpark and Sasolburg - together they comprise a substantial urban

It has been suggested that the whole of south-eastern, Midland and parts of northern England will evolve into a megalopolis dominated by London. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Clearly when usage is stretched this far, it is remote from the traditional conception of a city.

Megacity is a general term for agglomerations or metropolitan areas which usually have a total population in excess of 10 million people. A megacity is generally defined as a Metropolitan area with a total Population in excess of 10 million people In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology In Canada, megacity can also refer informally to the results of merging a central city with its suburbs to form one large municipality. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A Canadian "megacity", however, is not necessarily an entirely urbanized area, as many cities so named have both rural and urban portions. Moreover, Canadian "megacities" do not constitute large metropolitan areas in a global sense.

Census population of a metro area is not the city population. However, it better demonstrates the population of the city. Los Angeles may only have a city population of near 4,000,000, but has two metropolitan area populations, depending on definition, 13 million in the core area and 18 million in the Combined statistical area. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

References

  1. ^ 1217.0.55.001 - Glossary of Statistical Geography Terminology, 2003, Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003
  2. ^ Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, U.S. Census Bureau
  3. ^ The world goes to town
  4. ^ Planet of Slums by Mike Davis
  5. ^ Lagos, Nigeria facts - National Geographic
  6. ^ China's urban population to reach 800 to 900 million by 2020: expert

See also

Terms

Lists of metropolitan areas

Metropolitan Planning Theories

External links

The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Developed environments ( Human settlements are environments in Geography. Joining two or more political units such as municipalities, counties, or cities into one entity is referred to as amalgamation when the process occurs Table of United States Combined Statistical AreasThe United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB defines micropolitan and metropolitan statistical areas. In American Local government, a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction A conurbation is an Urban area or Agglomeration comprising a number of Cities, large Towns and larger urban areas that through Population Ecumenopolis (from οικουμένη meaning world and πόλις ( Polis) meaning city thus a city made of the whole world; pl Industrial region or industrial area refers to a Region with extremely dense Industry. A metropolis (from the Greek μήτηρ mētēr meaning 'mother' and πόλις pólis meaning 'city/town' is a big City, in most cases with A megacity is generally defined as a Metropolitan area with a total Population in excess of 10 million people A megalopolis (or megapolis) is defined as an extensive Metropolitan area or a long chain of roughly continuous metropolitan areas Overpopulation refers to a condition where an Organism 's numbers exceed the Carrying capacity of its Habitat. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area This is a list of contiguous Urban areas of the world ordered according to population as of 2008 The question of which are the World's largest cities is a complex one to which there is no single correct answer simply because there are many different ways of defining a "city" Here is a list of metroplexes that overlap multiple countries Excluded from list is City-states being part of the overlap Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced According to research by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC of the People's Republic of China, ten major metropolitan regions are forming in China This article lists the top hundred metropolitan areas in India by population as of 2008. Japan has many major cities. Many of these cities are crowded into a relatively small area of land along the Pacific coast of Honshū, between This is the definition of metropolitan areas used by the Republic of China government This is a list of all the Urban areas of the European Union which have more than 750000 inhabitants in 2005 This is a list of the largest Metropolitan areas of Europe. The population figures for both the metropolitan area and central city are given A Conurbation is formed when towns expand sufficiently that their urban areas join up with each other The aire urbaine is an INSEE (the national statistics office of France statistical region comprising a Couronne périurbaine commuter belt around a contiguous The Metropolitan Regions in Germany are the largest and most densely populated areas in the Federal Republic of Germany. There are 16 statistical Metropolitan areas (" Byregioner " City Regions in Norway. The current legislation in Romania regulates the status of the 265 cities according to their population and regional importance Rank 0 - Bucharest, the Capital Gdl3jpg|thumb| Guadalajara]] Metropolitan areas in Mexico have been traditionally defined as the group of municipalities that heavily interact with each other usually This is a list of the largest Metropolitan areas in The Americas. The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population using data from the Canada 2001 Census[http //www12 The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to This list of Australian cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Australian cities and provides rankings for each Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in the center of a city to avoid Urban sprawl; and advocates compact New Urbanism is an American Urban design movement that arose in the early 1980s TOD in cities Many cities in the USA and Canada are developing TOD policy

Dictionary

metropolitan area

-noun

  1. An area of population usually with a central or core city and surrounding towns or suburbs.
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