Citizendia

This article is about the building in Chicago, Illinois. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. For the building in Atlanta, Georgia, see AmericasMart. AmericasMart was designed by John C Portman and constructed in 1957 in Atlanta Georgia.
The Chicago Merchandise Mart
Information
Location222 Merchandise Plaza
Chicago, Cook County, Illinois
StatusComplete
GroundbreakingAugust 16, 1928
Constructed1928-1930
Opening1930
UseMixed
Roof340 feet (104 m)
Technical details
Floor count18 base, 25 tower
Floor area4,000,000 square feet (372,000 m²)
Companies
ArchitectGraham, Anderson, Probst and White
ContractorJohn W. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Graham Anderson Probst & White is a Chicago architecture firm that was founded in 1912 originally as Graham Burnham & Co Griffiths & Sons

When opened in 1930, the Merchandise Mart or the Mart, located in Chicago, Illinois, was the largest building in the world with 4,000,000 square feet (372,000 m²) of floor space. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. [1][2] Previously owned by the Marshall Field family, the Mart centralized Chicago's wholesale goods business by consolidating vendors and trade under a single roof. Wholesaling is the sale of Goods or Merchandise to Retailers to industrial commercial institutional or other professional Business users [2] Massive in its construction, and serving as a monument to early 20th century merchandising and architecture, the art deco landmark anchors the daytime skyline at the junction of the Chicago River branches. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial The Chicago River is 156 miles (251 km long and flows through downtown Chicago. With upper levels bathed in colored floodlight, the structure stands out against darker downtown buildings in night views. The building continues to be a leading retailing and wholesale destination, hosting 20,000 visitors and tenants per day. [3][4]

Contents

History

The Chicago Merchandise Mart
The Chicago Merchandise Mart

In 1926, a westward extension of double-deck Wacker Drive increased development on the south riverbank. Wacker Drive is a major street in Chicago, Illinois, United States, running along the south side of the main branch and the east side of the south In 1927, Marshall Field and Company announced its plans to build on the north bank opposite Wacker Drive. Owned by Marshall Field & Co., the Merchandise Mart opened on May 5, 1930, just east of Chicago's original trading post, Wolf Point. Marshall Field's ( Marshall Field & Company) was an iconic Chicago Illinois, Department store that grew to become a major chain before being acquired A trading post is a place where the trading of goods takes place [5] Bordered by Orleans, Wells and Kinzie Streets, the site was a former Native American trading post and the site of Chicago and North Western Railway's former Wells Street Station, abandoned in 1911 in favor of the Chicago and North Western Passenger Terminal. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Wells Street Station was a former Passenger terminal of the Chicago and North Western Railway, located at the southwest corner of Wells Street and The Richard B Ogilvie Transportation Center is a Passenger terminal in downtown Chicago Illinois, currently serving the three Commuter rail lines of [1] With the railroad's air rights, the site was large enough to accommodate "the largest building in the world". Air rights are a type of development right in Real estate. Generally speaking owning or renting land or a Building gives one the right to use and develop the empty [6] Removing the train yard supported the Chicago Plan Commission's desire to develop and beautify the riverfront. The Chicago Plan Commission is a commission implemented to champion the enactment of the Burnham Plan as published in The Plan of Chicago. The building realized Marshall Field’s dream of a single wholesale center for the entire nation and consolidated 13 different warehouses. In 1945, the Merchandise Mart was purchased for $12. 5 million by former Ambassador to Great Britain Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., the father of future U.S. President John F. Kennedy. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy Sr (September 6 1888 &ndash November 18 1969 was a prominent American businessman and political figure and the father of U The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of [1][6][7] Later managed by Sargent Shriver, the building was owned for more than 50 years by the Kennedy family through Merchandise Mart Properties, Inc. Robert Sargent Shriver Jr (born November 9 1915 is an American Democratic Politician and Activist. The Kennedy family are a family descending from the marriage of the Irish-Americans Joseph P until 1998, when MMPI was acquired by Vornado Realty Trust for $450 million in cash and a $100-million-plus stake in Vornado. Vornado Realty Trust ( is a New York based Real estate investment trust. [8] [9] In early 2007, the building was valued at $917 million. [10]

Building

The Merchandise Mart was designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Graham, Anderson, Probst and White to be a "city within a city". Graham Anderson Probst & White is a Chicago architecture firm that was founded in 1912 originally as Graham Burnham & Co [9] Second only to Holabird & Root in Chicago art deco architecture, the firm had a long-standing relationship with the Field family. The architectural firm of Holabird & Roche was founded in Chicago in 1880 Started in 1928, completed in 1931, and built in the same art deco style as the Chicago Board of Trade Building, its cost was reported as both $32 million and $38 million. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial The building was the largest in the world in terms of floorspace, but was surpassed by The Pentagon in 1943,[11] and now stands eleventh on the list of largest buildings in the world. The Pentagon is the Headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. This list of largest buildings in the world ranks Buildings from around the world by usable space ( Volume) and floor space ( Area) Once the largest commercial space in the world, the Aalsmeer Flower Auction is now recognized by Guinness World Records as holding the record. Aalsmeer Flower Auction ( Bloemenveiling Aalsmeer) is a flower auction located in Aalsmeer, the Netherlands. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U [12]

Construction

James Simpson, president of Marshall Field and Company from 1923 to 1930 and chairman of the Chicago Plan Commission from 1926 to 1935, along with architect Ernest Graham turned the first shovels of dirt at groundbreaking on August 16, 1928. Groundbreaking is a traditional Ceremony in many cultures that celebrates the first day of Construction for a Building or other project Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. General contractor John W. A general contractor is a group or individual that Contracts with another organization or individual (the owner for the Construction or Renovation Griffiths & Sons brought building construction into the machine age through the use of techniques "ordinarily used in the construction of big dams. Machine Age is a term associated with the early 20th Century. A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees "[3] Cement arriving by boat was lifted by compressed air to bins 75 feet (20 m) above the ground, with gravel and sand delivered by railroad cars to conveyor belts and transfer elevators. In the most general sense of the word a cement is a binder a substance which sets and hardens independently and can bind other materials together Pneumatics, Pressurized gas to affect mechanical motion Pneumatic power is used in Industry, where it is common to have factory units plumbed for Compressed Gravel is rock that is of a specific Particle size range In Geology, gravel is any loose rock that is larger than two millimeters (2mm Sand is a naturally occurring Granular material composed of finely divided rock and Mineral particles A belt conveyor consists of two or more Pulleys with a continuous loop of material - the conveyor belt - that rotates about them Giant mixers provided wet concrete to skip hoists in vertical towers that were extended as the building rose. A concrete mixer (also commonly called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines Cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel and Water Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag Continuously employing 2,500 men and as many as 5,700 men altogether, the construction project lasted a year and a half into the early months of the Great Depression. With a foundation footprint of nearly two square city blocks, the building required 29 million bricks, 40 miles (64 km) of plumbing, 380 miles (610 km) of wiring, nearly 4,000,000 cubic yards (3,100,000 m³) of concrete, 200,000 cubic feet (5,700 m³) of stone, and 4,000 windows. Surface area is the measure of how much exposed Area an object has A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of Urban planning and Urban design. Plumbing, from the Latin plumbum for Lead, is the skilled trade of working with pipes, tubing and Plumbing fixtures for GlassWindowjpg|thumb|right|190px|A stained glass panel depicting Biblical scenes at a historic church in Scotland]] A window is an opening [1][5] Bethlehem Steel fabricated much of the 60,000 tons of steel. The Bethlehem Steel Corporation (1857–2003 based in Bethlehem Pennsylvania, was once the second-largest Steel producer in the United States, after Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 [13] An estimated 7. 5 miles (10 km) miles of corridors and over 30 elevators were included in the construction. An elevator or lift is a Transport device used to move people or goods vertically from one floor to another [1][7]

Architecture

Designer Alfred Shaw integrated art deco stylings with influences from three building types - the warehouse, the department store and the skyscraper. A warehouse is a commercial Building for Storage of Goods. Warehouses are used by Manufacturers Importers Exporters A department store is a Retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper [3] A warehouse block stands as the 18-story bulk of the building. Ribbon piers define the windows, and the building's chambered corners, minimal setbacks, and corner pavilions disguise the edges of the mass and visually reduce bulk. In Architecture, a pier is an upright support for a Superstructure, such as an Arch or Bridge. In Architecture a pavilion (from French, "pavillon" from Latin "papilio" has two main significations [3] The south corner pavilions are of greater height than the north corner pavilions. The building is open at the pedestrian level with bronzed framed display windows, typical of a department store, on the south, west and east boundaries. A display window is a Window in a shop displaying items for sale A department store is a Retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. The 25-story central tower ascends with a peak in the form of a skyscraper, and rests in the southern half of the building. Deeply recessed portals occur between raised panels, and are adorned with medallions featuring the interlocked initials of the Merchandise Mart. Portal is a general term describing an opening in the walls of a building gate or fortification and especially a grand entrance to an important structure Medallions (the original Polish title Medaliony) is a book consisting of eight short stories by the Polish author Zofia Nałkowska The same logo occurs throughout the building. A logo ( Greek el λογότυπος = el-Latn logotypos is a graphical element ( Ideogram, Symbol, Emblem, Icon, Sign) Fifty six American Indian chiefs circled the tower's crown, a reference to the site's history and Chicago's early trade activities. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States A traditional tribal chief is the leader of a Tribe, or the head of a tribal form of self-government Three and a half feet wide by seven feet tall, the terra cotta figures were barely visible from the street, meant to be viewed from the upper floors of the skyscrapers planned to rise along the riverbank. Terra cotta ( Italian: "baked earth" is a Ceramic. Its uses include vessels water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in Building construction [3]

Interior

The lobby of The Merchandise Mart is defined by eight square marble piers, with storefronts in side aisles framed in embossed bronze trim. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus The green and orange terrazzo floor was conceived as a carpet: a pattern of squares and stripes bordered by overscaled chevrons inlaid with The Mart's initials. Terrazzo is a Faux - Marble flooring or Countertopping material A carpet is any loom-woven felted textile or grass floor covering In a written work an initial is a letter at the beginning of a work a Chapter or a Paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text The chevron theme is continued in the column sconces lighting an ornamented cornice overhead. A chevron (also spelled cheveron, especially in older documents is a V-shaped pattern The term cornice comes from Italian cornice, meaning “ledge Referred to as "business boulevards", two wide 650 feet (200 m) long corridors with terrazzo floors in the upper levels featured six and one-half miles of display windows. Terrazzo is a Faux - Marble flooring or Countertopping material Building regulations specified identical entrances along corridors but tenants could personalize the individual floorspace. Excepting the corridors, elevator halls, and exhibition space on the fourth floor, the five acres of each upper floor was "raw space" with concrete floors. [3]

Expansions and renovations

After years of being used by hundreds of government offices moving to The Pentagon, the purchase was followed by a renovation creating office space on the lower floors and promoting use of the upper floors for home furnishing and apparel showrooms. The Merchandise Mart was modernized in the late 1950s and 1960s. The Indian chiefs were removed, destroyed and replaced with concrete plates in 1961, of minimal note to onlookers as skyscrapers did not rise on the north side of the river as predicted. In 1962, an entrance canopy was constructed over the south for vehicle use.

In 1977, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill designed the Chicago Apparel Center, located on the east side of Orleans Street, which increased the Merchandise Mart’s total floor space to 6,200,000 square feet (576,000 m²). Skidmore Owings and Merrill LLP (SOM is a Chicago -based Architectural and Engineering firm that was formed in 1936 by Louis Skidmore and Making use of plazas, esplanades and overlooks employed the waterfront location for pedestrian pleasure. An esplanade is a long open level area usually next to a river or large body of water where people may walk In 1988, Helmut Jahn designed an enclosed pedestrian walking bridge over Orleans Street connecting the Mart and the Apparel Center. Helmut Jahn (born January 4 1940) is a German-American architect, designer of dozens of major buildings throughout [6]

After a 10 year, $100 million modernization in the late 1980s that included public utility upgrades, Beyer Blinder Belle's commission in 1989 was to create additional perimeter entrances and restore the display windows, main entrance and lobby. A public utility (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the Infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using Beyer Blinder Belle is an American Architecture firm best known for its expansion and restoration of major historic buildings and many New York City landmarks [4][14] On the south facade, the drive-through canopy was removed and two smaller doorways aside the main entrance were added. Display windows, painted over during the earlier modernization campaign, were restored with clear glass to showcase merchant's wares. Paint is any Liquid, liquifiable or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque Solid New main and corner entrances were added to the rear facade, and the loading dock that occupied the north portion of the first floor of the river level was removed in order to use the bottom deck of North Bank Drive. A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear A loading dock is an architectural fixture where Trucks may be loaded and unloaded Improvements to the lobby included restoration of the original glass curtain wall over the entrance, shop fronts and reception desk using terrazzo floors and wall sconces influenced by the original design. Curtain wall is a term used to describe a building Façade which does not carry any dead load from the building other than its own dead load [3][4] The project was completed in 1991.

In November 2007, the building received LEED for Existing Buildings Silver certification. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design ( LEED) Green Building Rating System developed by the U [15]

Artwork

Jules Guerin's frieze of 17 murals is the primary feature of the lobby and graphically illustrate commerce throughout the world, including the countries of origin for items sold in the building. Jules Guerin ( November 18, 1866 &ndash June 13, 1946) American Muralist painter and Illustrator In Architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an Entablature and may be plain or &ndash in the Ionic or Corinthian order &ndash A mural is a Painting on a wall ceiling or other large permanent surface Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer [9] The murals depict the industries and products, the primary mode of transportation and the architecture of 14 countries. Drawing on years as a stage set designer, Guerin executed the murals in red with gold leaf using techniques producing distinct image layers in successive planes. Metal leaf is a thin foil used for decoration It is also called composition leaf or schlagmetal. In a panel representing Italy, Venetian glassware appears in the foreground with fishing boats moored on the Grand Canal and the facade of the Palazzo Ducale rises above the towers of the Piazza San Marco. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Glassware usually refers to Glass items used as Tableware, such as dishes cutlery flatware and Drinkware used to set a table for eating a meal [16]

"To immortalize outstanding American merchants", Joseph Kennedy in 1953 commissioned eight bronze busts, four times life size, which would come to be known as the Merchandise Mart Hall of Fame:[5][7]

All of the busts rest on white pedestals lining the Chicago River and face north toward the gold front door of the building.

Behind the Merchandise Mart
Behind the Merchandise Mart

Surroundings

Dominating the skyline in the south end of the Near North Side, the Mart lies just south of the gallery district on the southern terminus of Franklin Street. Neighborhoods Cabrini-Green See also Cabrini-Green Cabrini-Green was a notorious Public housing project Eateries and nightclubs abound on Hubbard Street one block to the north. Hubbard Street is a road in Chicago Illinois named for early settler Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard. The Kinzie Chop House, popular with politicians and celebrities, stands on the northwest corner of Wells and Kinzie, across from the Merchandise Mart. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The Chicago Varnish Company Building, listed on the National Register of Historic Places and now housing Harry Caray's restaurant, is located east on Kinzie Street. The Chicago Varnish Company Building, at 33 West Kinzie Street was built in 1895 as the headquarters of one of the leading Varnish manufacturers in the United States The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Harry Caray (b Harry Christopher Carabina, March 1, 1914, St Louis, Mo

The Mart is not rectangular in shape due to being constructed after the bascule bridges over the Chicago River. The Bascule Bridge is a paved one-lane highway bridge in Westport, Massachusetts, USA. The control house for the double decked Wells Street Bridge stands between the lower level and the southeast corner of the building. The Wells Street Bridge over the Chicago River was built in 1922. The Franklin Street Bridge stands at the southwest corner of the building, at the junction of Orleans Street and Franklin Street. The Franklin Street Bridge over the Chicago River was built in 1919 directly southwest of the Merchandise Mart. The building slants at the same angle as Franklin Street, from southeast to northwest along Orleans Street.

One block east on LaSalle Street, the 60 story 300 North LaSalle building will be completed in 2009. LaSalle Street is a major north-south street in Chicago named for Sieur de La Salle, an early explorer of Illinois. 300 North LaSalle will be a 60 story mixed-use building located on the north bank of the Chicago River on the Near North Side community area of

Exterior lighting

A heritage of lighting the structure finds the central and corner towers, along with the columns between each window on the setbacks, bathed nightly in an upwardly focused white light. Tradition dictates annual changes to green in mid-March for St. Patrick's Day and orange during the fall months around Halloween and Thanksgiving. The word tradition comes from the Latin traditionem acc of traditio which means "a giving up delivering up surrendering" and is used in a number of Saint Patrick's Day (Lá ’le Pádraig or Lá Fhéile Pádraig) colloquially St Halloween, or Hallowe’en, is a Holiday celebrated on the night of October 31. Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American Holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. Prominent events have found the behemoth lit in pink for Cancer Awareness Month. Behemoth ( Hebrew בהמות, behemot; Arabic بهيموث bahīmūth, or بهموت bahamūt Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled To note the 2006 Chicago Bears season, highlighted by reaching Super Bowl XLI, the building was lit with team colors, orange floodlights for the setbacks and blue floodlights for the towers. The 2006 Chicago Bears season was their 87th regular season and 25th post-season completed in the National Football League. Super Bowl XLI was an American football game played on February 4 2007 at Dolphin Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, a suburb of Red and green lights are used during the Christmas season. Nighttime lighting on the Mart typically matches the colors of antenna lighting on the Sears Tower and John Hancock Center, as well as the colors used on the top floors of the Aon Center. An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into The Sears Tower, a Skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, has been the tallest building in North America since 1973 The John Hancock Center at 875 N Michigan Ave. in Chicago, Illinois, is a 100- story, 1127-foot (344 m tall Skyscraper

Use

Commerce

A display inside the Merchandise Mart
A display inside the Merchandise Mart

Wholesale showrooms occupy 50% of the usable floor space, [1] and the Sultan of Brunei once spent $1. The Sultan of Brunei is the Head of state of Brunei. The royal lineage can be traced back to the 15th century 6 million at the Mart to furnish his entire palace, claiming the location was the only place where the task could be completed in one week. [9] Select showrooms are open only to wholesalers, with others accessible to the general public. Unlike stores with traditional shelf and rack displays, entire usable rooms are created, providing consumers an opportunity to compare form and function between applications and manufacturers. A portion of the stores offer items for purchase singly or as a collection, while others offer design services, preservation, renovation, or installation. In addition to being a resource for architects and decorators, the Mart also has featured award winning designs as selected by the American Institute of Architects. The American Institute of Architects (AIA is a professional organization for Architects in the United States. Catering to suppliers, on-site firms specialize in providing professional services for market research projects.

In 1931, Marshall Field and Company lost five million dollars, followed by eight million in 1932. [11] The wholesale division was greatly reduced and Field's reduced its space in the Mart from four floors to one and half. The Mart continued to display the latest trends in home furnishings within the showrooms and trade shows. The company recovered late in the decade, but did not return to all previously occupied space. Field's no longer maintains a presence in the building.

In 1942, L.L. Skaggs formed a partnership with three other men and named the partnership the Owners Service Company, hence Osco. The Skaggs Family, starting from a small frontier town in southern Idaho, came to have an important impact on Merchandising across much of the United States Osco Drug is a chain of Pharmacy stores which today operate as in-store pharmacies under Supervalu Pharmacies. The headquarters was moved from Waterloo, Iowa to the Merchandise Mart.

A retail shopping area, opened in 1991 and named The Shops at the Mart, includes apparel shops, beauty services, bookstores and newsstands, financial services, telecommunication services, travel services, specialty food and wine stores, photo services, a dry cleaner, shoe shine stand, and a food court. A newsagent ( British English) newsagency ( Australian English) or newsstand ( American English) is often a small business that sells Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Dry cleaning is any cleaning process for Clothing and Textiles using an organic Solvent rather than Water. A food court is a plaza that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining A United States Postal Service office and FedEx location is located on the first floor. FedEx Corporation ( is a Logistics services company based in the United States. [17]

The Apparel Center houses the 530 room Chicago Mart Plaza Hotel, the offices of the Chicago Sun-Times and the Chicago campus of the Illinois Institute of Art, as well as the Chicago office of the Ogilvy & Mather advertising agency. The Illinois Institute of Art — Chicago is part of The Art Institutes, a system of proprietary colleges focusing on creative industries Ogilvy & Mather is a preeminent international advertising marketing and public relations agency based in New York City and owned by the WPP Group. American Intercontinental University occupies 93,000 square feet (8,600 m²) on the 5th floor of Merchandise Mart, the Potbelly Sandwich Works'corporate offices are located in the tower,. Potbelly Sandwich Works is a chain of fast casual restaurants that sells Submarine sandwiches in the United States. [18]

Mass Media

Radio

Before the location even opened, NBC announced plans to build studios in the Mart. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's When opened on October 20, 1930, the twentieth floor location covered 65,000 square feet (6,000 m²) and supported a variety of live broadcasts including those requiring orchestras. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WENR and WMAQ broadcast from the location. WLS-TV, channel 7 is a Television station in Chicago, Illinois. WMAQ was an AM radio station in located in Chicago Illinois, USA, and broadcast at 670 kHz with 50000 watts Expanded in 1935, with office space in the previously unoccupied tower, the additional 11,500 square feet (1,070 m²) provided room for an organ chamber, two echo rooms, and a total of 11 studios. The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each A staff of more than 300 produced up to 1,700 programs each month including Amos 'n' Andy. Amos 'n' Andy was a situation comedy based on Stereotypes of African-Americans and popular in the United States from the 1920s through the 1950s

Hugh Downs contributed to the Burr Tillstrom children's show Kukla, Fran and Ollie from the NBC studios after the network picked up the program from WBKB. Hugh Malcolm Downs (born February 14, 1921) is a retired American broadcaster Television host Franklin Burr Tillstrom ( October 13, 1917 in Chicago, Illinois - December 6, 1985 in Palm Springs California Kukla Fran and Ollie was an early Television show using Puppets originally created for children but soon watched by more adults than children WBBM-TV, channel 2 is the CBS owned and operated Television station in Chicago, Illinois. The Captain Midnight radio program was broadcast from the Mart from 1942 until 1945.

Alternative rock music radio station WKQX currently occupies space on the west side of the second floor, and was home to DJ Mancow Muller for 8 years. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of WKQX 1011 FM is an Alternative rock Radio station serving the Chicago metropolitan area Matthew Erich "Mancow" Muller (born June 21, 1966 in Kansas City Missouri) is an American radio and television personality WLUP broadcasts modern rock music from the location. WLUP ( 979 "The Loop") is a Mainstream rock Radio station serving the Chicago metropolitan area

Television

On January 7th, 1949, NBC station WNBQ commercially debuted its television broadcast schedule on channel 5, with a minimum of two hours of programming per day. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic April 15, 1956, is remembered as "C-Day" at WMAQ-TV, and was described by Broadcasting-Telecasting magazine as "a daring breakthrough the black-and-white curtain. WMAQ-TV, channel 5 is an owned-and-operated television station of the NBC Television Network, located in Chicago Illinois. " With Mayor Richard J. Daley looking on, NBC President Robert Sarnoff operated the controls as Channel 5 became the world's first all-color TV station as "Wide, Wide World" was broadcast to 110 NBC-TV affiliated stations across the country. Richard Joseph Daley ( May 15, 1902 – December 20, 1976) served for 21 years as the undisputed Democratic boss of Chicago The color conversion project cost more than $1,250,000 with advertising costing $175,000. On "C-Day", three skywriting planes flew over the city, trailing streams of red, green and blue smoke. Skywriting is the process of using a small Aircraft, able to expel special Smoke during flight to fly in certain patterns to create Writing readable by

WMAQ-TV first installed color equipment in late 1953, with the Rose Bowl parade of 1954 as the first major broadcast. The Tournament of Roses Parade was established and first held on January 1 1890 in Pasadena California, eight miles (13 km northeast of Downtown Los Angeles Introduced in March 1955, the first local color program was John Ott's "How Does Your Garden Grow?", featuring the use of time-lapse color film. Dr John Nash Ott was a Banker who was most notable as a pioneer in the cinematic use of Time-lapse photography. Time-lapse photography is a Cinematography technique whereby each Film frame is captured at a rate much slower than it will be played back

Local regional sports network Comcast SportsNet Chicago has their control room, and broadcasts their live studio programming from the Apparel Center expansion; the studios had been home to previous RSNs FSN Chicago and SportsChannel Chicago. In the United States of America, a regional sports network, or RSN is a Cable television station that presents sports programming to a local market CSN Chicago is a member of the Comcast SportsNet network of regional sports networks that covers local sports teams in the Chicago area Fox Sports Net Chicago was a Regional sports network based in Chicago Illinois. SportsChannel America was a Cable television network operated by Cablevision. [18]

Public transit

Merchandise Mart elevated station.
Merchandise Mart elevated station.

Built in under four months and opened on December 1, 1930, the Merchandise Mart elevated train station served the Main Line of the North Side Division. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [14] The station is now noted for being one of two commercial locations to have its own station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system. Chicago Transit Authority, also known as CTA, is the operator of mass transit within the City of Chicago, Illinois. The 'L' (variously and sometimes, styled "L" El EL or L) is a Rapid transit system that serves the city of [1] The Merchandise Mart station is served by the Brown and Purple Lines and is one of the four stations on the line that can berth trains longer than 6 cars. CTA bus connections 11 - Lincoln/Sedgwick 125 - Water Tower Express The Brown Line (Ravenswood Service of the Chicago Transit Authority Chicago 'L' Rapid transit system is an 11 The Purple Line of the Chicago Transit Authority is a branch line on the northernmost section of the Chicago 'L' rapid transit network [14] An ADA accessible station, the turnstiles are located within the building on the second floor, while the platforms are connected to the east side of the building. A turnstile, also called a baffle gate, is a form of Gate which allows one person to pass at a time The northbound platform is accessed by an overhead bridge or elevator. Rebuilt in 1988, prior to the Wells Street Bridge reconstruction in 1989, the station will be undergoing renovation as part of the formalized Brown Line Expansion project which will refurbish major portions of the station.

The Merchandise Mart housed the CTA's headquarters on the 7th floor from 1947 to 2004. [14][9]

In popular culture

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Marchitecture. merchandisemart. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
  2. ^ a b Architects. merchandisemart. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Building of the Mart. merchandisemart. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
  4. ^ a b c Architects - Beyer. merchandisemart. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
  5. ^ a b c Merchandise Mart Office Retail. merchandisemart. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  6. ^ a b c History of the Mart. merchandisemart. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
  7. ^ a b c Kennedy, Christopher G. (1999-10-22). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus A lot of Merchandise. Chicago Sun-Times.
  8. ^ Vornado press release.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Merchandise Mart, Chicago. emporis. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  10. ^ Merchandise Mart’s value soars in 9 years. Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
  11. ^ a b Marchitecture Marshall Field. merchandisemart. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  12. ^ Pope, Elizabeth (2005-04-15). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Wall Street of Flowers. American Airlines. Retrieved on 2007-08-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
  13. ^ Bethlehem Steel: The Rise and Fall of an Industrial Giant. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved on 2007-07-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of
  14. ^ a b c d Merchandise Mart. chicago-l. org (2006-03-15). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
  15. ^ The Merchandise Mart Chicago Receives LEED Silver Certification greenprogress. com.
  16. ^ Marchitecture Murals. merchandisemart. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  17. ^ a b Merchandise Mart in Chicago. Chicago Tribune (2007-07-20). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold
  18. ^ a b Tenant Newsletter. Merchandise Mart Properties, Inc. (2007-08-08). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.
  19. ^ Art Chicago 2007. merchandisemart. com (2007-07-19). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  20. ^ a b Movies Made in Illinois. learnaboutmovieposters. com (2007-07-10). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
  21. ^ Filming at the intersection of culture and commerce. chicagobusiness. com (2007-07-10). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
  22. ^ The Fugitive Script - Dialogue Transcript.

References

See also

External links

Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial The architecture of Chicago has influenced and reflected the history of American architecture. This list of largest buildings in the world ranks Buildings from around the world by usable space ( Volume) and floor space ( Area) Interior design is a practice concerned with anything that is found inside a space - walls windows doors finishes textures light furnishings and furniture A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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