Maqam is a modal structure that characterizes the art of music of countries in North Africa, the Near East and Central Asia. In Music, a scale is an ordered series of Musical intervals which along with the key or tonic, define the pitches However mode North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south In this area we can distinguish three main musical cultures which all belong to the Maqam family, namely the Turkish, the Arabic and the Greek.