Manitoba
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Gloriosus et Libaer (Latin: "Glorious and free")
Capital	Winnipeg
Largest city	Winnipeg
Largest metro	Winnipeg Capital Region
Official languages	English (de juris) and French (de facto)
Government
Lieutenant-Governor	John Harvard
Premier	Gary Doer (NDP)
Federal representation	in Canadian Parliament
House seats	14
Senate seats	6
Confederation	July 15, 1870 (5th)
Area	Ranked 8th
Total	647,797 km² (250,116 sq mi)
Land	553,556 km² (213,729 sq mi)
Water (%)	94,241 km² (36,387 sq mi) (14. The Flag of Manitoba is a variation of the Red Ensign which bears the shield of the provincial coat of arms. The original Coat of Arms of Manitoba (formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Alberta) was granted to Alberta by a Royal Warrant A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population using data from the Canada 2001 Census[http //www12 The Winnipeg Capital Region is located in the Red River Valley in the south central portion of the province of Manitoba, Canada, containing the provincial An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people This is a historical list of the Lieutenant Governors of Manitoba in Canada. John Harvard PC OM (born June 4, 1938 in Glenboro, Manitoba) is a journalist politician and office The Premier of Manitoba is the First minister for the Canadian province of Manitoba. Gary Albert Doer MLA (born March 31, 1948) is a Politician in Manitoba, Canada. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and The Senate of Canada (Le Sénat du Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the sovereign (represented by the governor general Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Canadian provinces 5%)
Population	Ranked 5th
Total (2008)	1,193,566 (est. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Canadian provinces )[1]
Density	2. 14 /km² (5. 5 /sq mi)
GDP	Ranked 6th
Total (2006)	C$44,757 billion[2]
Per capita	C$38,001 (8th)
Abbreviations
Postal	MB
ISO 3166-2	CA-MB
Time zone	UTC-6
Postal code prefix	R
Flower	Prairie Crocus
Tree	White Spruce
Bird	Great Grey Owl
Web site	www.gov.mb.ca
Rankings include all provinces and territories

Manitoba (English IPA: /ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə/; French /manitoba/) is one of Canada's 10 provinces, with a population of 1,193,566 (2008). This article lists Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product. This article lists Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product. This is a list of Canadian provincial and territorial postal abbreviations. ISO 3166-2CA is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Canada. Postal codes by province and territoryA Canadian postal code Manitoba - 64 FSAs A pasque flower (or pasqueflower) is a Deciduous perennial that is found in short clumps in Meadows and Prairies of North Picea glauca ( White Spruce) is a species of Spruce native to the north of North America, from central Alaska east to Newfoundland The Great Grey Owl or Lapland Owl ( Strix nebulosa) is a very large owl, distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. It was officially recognized by the Federal Government in 1870 as separate from the Northwest Territories, and became the first Province created from the Territories. The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory It is the easternmost of the three Prairie Provinces. The Canadian Prairies is a region in western Canada, which may correspond to several different definitions natural or political The word "Manitoba" is etymologically related to the native word "manitou" which means spirit. Manitou is a term used to designate the spirits among many Algonquian groups. Manitoba, in the Red River area, contained the first western colony and settlement area of Canada. Manitoba is the only Canadian Province with an Arctic deep water sea port at Churchill, along Hudson Bay. Churchill ( 2006 Population 923 is a town on the shore of Hudson Bay in Manitoba, Canada, situated at the Estuary of the Churchill Manitoba's northern sea port is the only link along the shortest shipping route between Canada and Asia.

Its capital and largest city is Winnipeg, with a population of 633,451. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population ^[3] Other cities with more than 10,000 people are Brandon, Thompson, Portage la Prairie, and Steinbach. Brandon is a City in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. The surrounding area is often referred to as " Westman " The City of Thompson, "Hub of the North" is the regional trade and service centre of Northern Manitoba. Steinbach is a City of over 11000 people in the province of Manitoba, Canada, a short distance from the capital Winnipeg.

A person from Manitoba is called a Manitoban (in French: un Manitobain).

Geography

Main article: Geography of Manitoba

Manitoba is located at the longitudinal centre of Canada, although it is considered to be part of Western Canada. The Geography of Manitoba is the study of the geography of the easternmost of the three prairie provinces located in the longitudinal center of Canada. Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province It borders Saskatchewan to the west, Ontario to the east, Nunavut and Hudson Bay to the north, and the American states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Nunavut (ˈnuːnəvʊt ( Inuktitut syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers

The province has a lengthy coastline along Hudson Bay, and contains the tenth-largest fresh-water lake in the world,^[4] Lake Winnipeg, along with two other large lakes: Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipegosis. Lake Winnipeg is a very large ( Lake in central North America, in the province of Manitoba, Canada, about north of the city Lake Manitoba is Canada's thirteenth largest Lake (4624 km²and the world's 33rd largest freshwater lake Lake Winnipegosis ( see Lake Winnibigoshish) is a large (5370 km² Lake in central North America, in Manitoba, Canada Manitoba's lakes cover approximately 14. 5% or 94,241 km² of its surface area. Lake Winnipeg is the largest lake within the borders of southern Canada, and the east side has some of the last remote and intact watersheds left in the world. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The large rivers that flow into the east side of Lake Winnipeg's basin are pristine, with no major developments along them. The most southern herd of woodland caribou in Canada are along the east side of Lake Winnipeg. Many uninhabited islands can be found along the eastern shore of this lake. There are thousands of lakes across the province. ^[5] Important watercourses include the Red, Assiniboine, Nelson, Winnipeg, Hayes, Whiteshell and Churchill Rivers. The Red River (rivière Rouge is a North American river Formed by the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers in the United States The Assiniboine River is a long River that runs through the Prairies of Western Canada in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The Nelson River is a River of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The Winnipeg River is a Canadian River which flows from Lake of the Woods in the province of Ontario to Lake Winnipeg in the province The Hayes River is a river in Manitoba, Canada. It is 483 km (300 mile long has a mean discharge of 590 m³/s (772 yd³/s and its drainage basin is 108000 km² Whiteshell River is one of the major rivers in Whiteshell Provincial Park, located in southeastern Manitoba, Canada, along the Ontario border The Churchill River (French Rivière Churchill) is a major River in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada.

Most of Manitoba's inhabited south lies within the prehistoric bed of Glacial Lake Agassiz. Lake Agassiz was an immense Glacial lake located in the center of North America. ^[6] This south-central part of the province is flat with few hills. However, there are many hilly and rocky areas in the province, along with many large sand ridges left behind by glaciers. Baldy Mountain is the highest point at 832 m above sea level^[7] (2,727 ft) and the Hudson Bay coast is the lowest at sea level. Baldy Mountain is the highest peak in Manitoba, Canada. It is located in the Duck Mountain Provincial Park, northwest of Dauphin. Other upland areas include Riding Mountain, the Pembina Hills, Sandilands Provincial Forest, and the Canadian Shield regions. Riding Mountain National Park is a National park in Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Escarpment (known in the United States as the Pembina Escarpment is a scarp that marks the boundary of glacial Lake The Sandilands Provincial Forest is located within the southeastern area of Manitoba, Canada and consists of thousands of acres of sand hills Forest, The Canadian Shield &mdash also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier Canadien (French &mdash is a large geological shield covered by Much of the province's sparsely-inhabited north and east lie within the irregular granite landscape of the Canadian Shield, including Whiteshell Provincial Park, Atikaki Provincial Park, and Nopiming Provincial Park. The Canadian Shield &mdash also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier Canadien (French &mdash is a large geological shield covered by Whiteshell Provincial Park is one of the Provincial Parks along the eastern border of Manitoba, near Ontario, Canada. Atikaki Provincial Wilderness Park is located in Manitoba, Canada, and was partially mapped out by Marc Wermager and is designated as a wilderness park Nopiming Provincial Park is a Provincial park in Manitoba, Canada. Birds Hill Provincial Park was originally an island in Lake Agassiz after the melting of glaciers. Birds Hill Provincial Park is a Provincial park in Manitoba, Canada. Lake Agassiz was an immense Glacial lake located in the center of North America. ^[8]

Only the southern parts of the province support extensive agriculture. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture The most common type of farm found in rural areas is cattle farming (34. 6%),^[9] followed by other grains (19. 0%)^[9] and oilseed (7. 9%). ^[9] Around 12% of Canadian farmland is in Manitoba. ^[10] The eastern, southeastern, and northern reaches of the province range through boreal coniferous forests, muskeg, Canadian Shield and tundra in the far north. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Muskeg is an acidic soil type common in Arctic and Boreal areas although it is found in other northern climates as well The Canadian Shield &mdash also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier Canadien (French &mdash is a large geological shield covered by In physical Geography, tundra is an area where the Tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons Forests make up about 26. 3 million hectares (or 48%) of the province's 54. 8 million hectare land area. ^[11] The forests generally consist of pines (mostly jack pine, some red pine), spruces (white, black), larch, poplars (trembling aspen, balsam poplar), birch trees (white, swamp) and small pockets of Eastern White Cedar. Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae Tamarack Larch, or Tamarack or American Larch ( Larix laricina) is a species of Larch native to northern North America, mainly Populus is a genus of between 25–35 species of Flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. Birch is the name of any Tree of the genus Betula ( Bé-tu-la) in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the Thuja occidentalis (Eastern Arborvitae Northern Whitecedar is an Evergreen coniferous Tree, in the cypress family Cupressaceae ^[11] The great expanses of intact forested areas are considered by many naturalists and sportsmen as pristine wilderness areas. Some of the last largest and intact boreal forest of the world can be found along the east side of Lake Winnipeg, with only winter roads, no Hydro development, no mines, and few largely populated communities. There are many clean and untouched rivers, many that originate from the Canadian Shield in neighbouring Ontario. These pristine and intact areas have only been used as native fishing, hunting, and gathering grounds for thousands of years. Some traditional land use areas of the east side of Lake Winnipeg are now a proposed United Nations Heritage Site that is approved by the First Nation communities of those particular traditional lands.

Entering Manitoba from Saskatchewan on the Yellowhead Highway. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 The Yellowhead Highway is a major east-west highway connecting the four western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan

Climate

Due to its location in the centre of the North American continent, Manitoba has a very extreme climate. In general, temperatures and precipitation decrease from south to north, and precipitation also decreases from east to west. As Manitoba is far removed from the moderating influences of both mountain ranges and large bodies of water (all of Manitoba's large lakes freeze during the winter months), and because of the generally flat landscape in many areas, it is exposed to numerous weather systems throughout the year, including prolonged cold spells in the winter months when Arctic high-pressure air masses settle over the province. Manitoba is also a very sunny province, Portage la Prairie ranks 1st for most sunny days in warm months in Canada. Winnipeg has the second clearest skies year-round and is the second sunniest city in Canada in the winter. ^[12] Southern Manitoba is also prone to high humidity in the summer months with the extreme of 50. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. 3°C (122. 5°F) in Carman Manitoba, which set the highest temperature recorded in Canada with the humidity. Carman is an Agricultural town of about 3000 people that lies in the Pembina Valley Region of southern Manitoba. There are three main climatic regions.

Picture of F5 Tornado from the Southeast as it approached Elie, Manitoba on Friday, June 22nd, 2007

The extreme southwestern corner has a semi-arid mid-latitude steppe climate (Koppen climate classification BSk). A Semi-arid climate or steppe climate generally describes climatic regions that receive low annual Rainfall (250-500 mm or 10-20 in The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist This region is somewhat drier than other parts of southern Manitoba and very drought-prone. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply It is very cold and windy in the winter and also the region most prone to blizzards in the winter due to the openness of the landscape. A blizzard is a severe Winter storm condition characterized by low Temperatures strong Winds and heavy blowing Snow Blizzards are formed when Summers are generally warm to hot, with low to moderate humidity. ^[13]

The remainder of southern Manitoba, including Winnipeg, falls in the humid continental climate zone (Koppen Dfb). Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between Temperatures here are very similar to the semi-arid climate zone, but this region is the most humid area in the Prairie Provinces with moderate precipitation. ^[14] The bitterly cold winters in this region have led to Winnipeg being nicknamed "Winterpeg".

The central and northern parts of the province - the majority of Manitoba's land area - fall in the subarctic climate zone (Koppen Dfc). Regions having a subarctic climate (also called boreal climate) are characterized by long usually very cold winters and brief warm summers This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief, mild summers with relatively little precipitation. It is common to have overnight lows as low as -40°C (-40°F) several days each winter across the province (quite frequently in the north), and to have a few weeks that remain below -18°C (0°F). ^[15]

In the summer months the climate is influenced by low-pressure air masses originating in the Gulf of Mexico, often clashing with drier airmasses in the north and west, which results in hot and humid conditions and frequent thunderstorms. The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world Southern parts of the province, located just north of Tornado Alley, experience a few tornadoes each year, with 15 confirmed touchdowns in 2006. For the book by William S Burroughs, see Tornado Alley (book. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus In 2007, on June 22 and 23, numerous tornadoes touched down, including an F5^[16] tornado that devastated parts of Elie (that being the strongest officially recorded tornado in Canada), and an F3 tornado that was captured on video. Elie (ˈiːlaɪ is the largest community in the Rural Municipality of Cartier in the Canadian province of Manitoba. ^[17] Temperatures exceed 35°C (95°F) numerous times each summer, and the combination of heat and humidity can bring the humidex value to the mid-40's, and the dewpoint to the upper 20's. ^[18]

Festivals

Manitoba has many festivals and events year round. Every year on the last weekend of August, Morden holds the Corn and Apple Festival, where those who attend can enjoy free corn and apple cider, among other activities. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica For the alcoholic beverage known in the US as hard apple cider see Cider. During the weekend of the festival, the town closes off the downtown from vehicles and transforms Stephen St. into a festival grounds. It is the largest festival in the Pembina Valley. The Pembina Valley is the name given to the south-central region of the province of Manitoba, Canada. Portage la Prairie hosts a Potato Festival each summer. Portage la Prairie is the world strawberry capital{fact} and North American potato processing capital{fact}. Portage la Prairie is also home to the world's largest Coca-Cola can. Neepawa celebrates its Lily Festival in the third weekend of July. Dauphin presents National Ukrainian Festival the first weekend of August. Winnipeg is home to several large festivals. Folklorama, the largest multicultural festival in the world takes place here. Close to half a million visitors and 20000 volunteers participate year after year, celebrating the song, dance, food and drink of many nations of the world. The Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival is North America's second largest Fringe Festival, held every July. The Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival is an annual alternative theatre festival held in Winnipeg Manitoba. Winnipeg has also achieved acclaim for being the "Slurpee Capital of the World," since 1999, as its residents have a year-round penchant for the icy slush served in convenience stores. Worldwide consumption 7-Eleven stores are a franchise, and Slurpees are offered in many but not all covered countries Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Winnipeg Folk Festival in the third weekend of July draws tens of thousands from all over Canada and the U. S. During a 10 day period in February of each year, le Festival du Voyageur is held in the Saint-Boniface district of Winnipeg. The Festival du Voyageur (literally translated as Festival of the Traveller is an annual 10-day winter Festival which takes place in St It is Western Canada's largest winter festival and celebrates the 18th and 19th century fur trade and the voyageurs who participated in it.

History

Main article: History of Manitoba

The geographical area now named Manitoba was inhabited shortly after the last ice age glaciers retreated in the southwest. Manitoba is one of Canada 's 10 provinces. It was officially recognized by the Federal Government in 1870 as separate from the Northwest Territories, and The first exposed land was the Turtle Mountain area, where large numbers of petroforms and medicine wheels can be found. Turtle Mountain, or the Turtle Mountains, is an area in the north-central portion of the U Petroforms, also known as boulder outlines or boulder mosaics are human-made shapes and patterns of rocks on the open ground Medicine wheels, or sacred hoops were constructed by laying stones in a particular pattern on the ground ^[19] The first human habitants of southern Manitoba left behind pottery shards, spear and arrow heads, copper, petroforms, pictographs, fish and animal bones, and signs of agriculture along the Red River near Lockport. Arrow heads are sharpened or flintknapped stones, flakes and chips of rock that are sharpened enough for the tip of an arrow Petroforms, also known as boulder outlines or boulder mosaics are human-made shapes and patterns of rocks on the open ground A pictogram ( also spelled pictogramme) or pictograph is a Symbol representing a Concept, object, activity place or event The Red River (rivière Rouge is a North American river Formed by the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers in the United States Lockport is a small town in Manitoba, Canada located just north of the city of Winnipeg. Eventually there were the aboriginal settlements of Ojibwa, Cree, Dene, Sioux, Mandan, and Assiniboine peoples, along with other tribes that entered the area to trade. Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as Canadian aboriginal citizens, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canadian Constitution Act The Ojibwa or Chippewa (also Ojibwe, Ojibway, Chippeway) is the largest group of Native Americans - First Nations Not to be confused with the Creek. Cree is an Exonym applied to various people indigenous to North America namely the Nehiyaw Nehithaw Nehilaw The Dene ( Dené) are an aboriginal group of First Nations who live in the northern boreal and Arctic regions of Canada. Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people The Mandan are a Native American tribe that historically lived along the banks of the Missouri River and two of its tributaries—the Heart and The Assiniboine, also known by the Ojibwe name Asiniibwaan "Stone Sioux" and the Cree as Asinîpwât are a Siouan There were many land trails made as a part of a larger native trading network on both land and water. The Whiteshell Provincial Park region along the Winnipeg River has many old petroforms and may have been a trading centre, or even a place of learning and sharing of knowledge for over 2000 years. Whiteshell Provincial Park is one of the Provincial Parks along the eastern border of Manitoba, near Ontario, Canada. The Winnipeg River is a Canadian River which flows from Lake of the Woods in the province of Ontario to Lake Winnipeg in the province Petroforms, also known as boulder outlines or boulder mosaics are human-made shapes and patterns of rocks on the open ground ^[20] The cowry shells and copper found in this area are proof of what was traded as a part of a large trading network to the oceans, and to the larger southern native civilizations along the Mississippi and in the south and southwest. Cowry, also sometimes spelled cowrie, plural always cowries, is the Common name for a group of small to large sea Snails marine In Northern Manitoba some areas were mined for quartz to make arrowheads. The first farming in Manitoba appeared to be along the Red River, near Lockport, where corn and other seed crops were planted before contact with Europeans. For thousands of years there have been humans living in this region, and there are many archaeological clues about their ways of life. Ongoing research will be needed to uncover more artifacts and rock art to lend to a more detailed understanding of past peoples and cultures in Manitoba. Rock art is a term in Archaeology for any man-made markings made on natural stone

Henry Hudson, in 1611, was one of the first Europeans to sail into what is now known as Hudson Bay. Henry Hudson' (1570 &ndash 1611 was an English Sea explorer and Navigator in the early 17th century The Nonsuch ship that sailed into Hudson Bay in 1668-1669 was the first trading voyage to reach the area; it led to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company. The Hudson's Bay Company was given the fur trading rights to the entire Hudson Bay watershed, covering land in what is now Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Minnesota, North Dakota, and more. This watershed was named Rupert's Land, after Prince Rupert who helped to form the Hudson's Bay Company. Rupert's Land, also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land" was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that York Factory was originally the main fort of the Hudson's Bay Company trading network. York Factory was a settlement located on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada at the mouth of the Hayes Other traders and explorers from explorers from Europe^[21] eventually came to the Hudson Bay shores and went south along the northern Manitoba rivers. The first European to reach present-day central and southern Manitoba was Sir Thomas Button, who travelled upstream along the Nelson River and Lake Winnipeg in 1612 and may have reached somewhere along the edge of the prairies, where he reported seeing a bison. Sir Thomas Button (died April 1634 was an English officer of the Royal Navy and Explorer who in 1612&ndash1613 commanded an expedition that unsuccessfully The Nelson River is a River of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Lake Winnipeg is a very large ( Lake in central North America, in the province of Manitoba, Canada, about north of the city Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de la Vérendrye, visited the Red River Valley in the 1730s to help open the area for French exploration and the fur trade. Pierre Gaultier de Varennes sieur de La Vérendrye ( November 17, 1685 &ndash December 5, 1749) was a French Canadian military officer Many other French and Métis explorers came from the east and south by going down the Winnipeg River and the Red River. The Winnipeg River is a Canadian River which flows from Lake of the Woods in the province of Ontario to Lake Winnipeg in the province The Red River (rivière Rouge is a North American river Formed by the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers in the United States An important French-Canadian population (Franco-Manitobains) still lives in Manitoba, especially in the Saint-Boniface district of eastern Winnipeg. Franco-Manitobans are a community of French Canadians or French -speaking people living in Manitoba. Saint Boniface is an area of the city of Winnipeg, home to the Franco-Manitoban community Fur trading forts were built by both the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company along the many rivers and lakes, and there was often fierce competition between the two in more southern areas. The territory was won by Great Britain in 1763 as part of the French and Indian War. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War.

There are a few possible sources for the name "Manitoba". The more likely is that it comes from Cree or Ojibwe and means "strait of the Manitou (spirit)". Cree (also known as Cree-Montagnais Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 117000 people across Manitou is a term used to designate the spirits among many Algonquian groups. It may also be from the Assiniboine for "Lake of the Prairie". The Assiniboine language (also Assiniboin, Hohe, or Nakoda) is a Nakotan Siouan language of the Northern Plains spoken by around 200 ^[22][23]

Most rivers and water in Manitoba eventually flow north, not south or east as is commonly assumed, and empty into Hudson Bay. The Hudson's Bay Archives is located within Winnipeg, Manitoba, and preserves the rich history of the fur trading era that occurred along the major water routes of the Rupert's Land area. The Hudson's Bay Company Archives (HBCA are located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Rupert's Land, also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land" was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that

The founding of the first agricultural community and settlements in 1812 by Lord Selkirk, north of the area which is now downtown Winnipeg, resulted in conflict between the British colonists and the Métis who lived and traded near there. Thomas Douglas ( June 20, 1771 — April 8, 1820) was the 5th Earl of Selkirk, born at Saint Mary's Isle Kirkcudbrightshire The Métis are descendants of marriages of Cree, Ojibway Algonquin, Saulteaux, and Menominee aboriginals to Europeans, Twenty colonists, including the governor, were killed by the Métis in the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816, in which the settlers fired the first shots. The Battle of Seven Oaks (known to the Métis as la Victoire de la Grenouillière, or the Victory of Frog Plain took place on June 19 1816 during the long There was also one Métis man killed. Many fur trading forts were also attacked during this period.

When Rupert's Land was ceded to Canada in 1869 and incorporated into the Northwest Territories, a lack of attention to Métis concerns led their elected leader Louis Riel to establish a provisional government as part of The Red River Rebellion. Rupert's Land, also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land" was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory Louis Riel (22 October 1844 &ndash 16 November 1885 in English was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and leader of the Métis The Red River Rebellion or Red River Resistance are names given to the events surrounding the actions of a Provisional government established by Métis Negotiations between the provisional government and the Canadian government resulted in the creation of the Province of Manitoba and its entry into Confederation in 1870. However, Louis Riel was pursued by Garnet Wolseley because of the rebellion, and he fled into exile. Field Marshal Garnet Joseph Wolseley 1st Viscount Wolseley KP OM GCB GCMG VD PC ( 4 June 1833 The Métis were blocked by the Canadian government in their attempts to obtain land promised to them as part of Manitoba's entry into confederation. Facing racism from the new flood of white settlers from Ontario, large numbers of Métis moved to what would become Saskatchewan and Alberta.

Originally, the province of Manitoba was only 1/18 of its current size and square in shape - it was known as the "postage stamp province. " It grew progressively, absorbing land from the Northwest Territories until it attained its current size by reaching 60°N in 1912.

Numbered Treaties were signed in the late 1800s with the chiefs of various First Nations that lived in the area now known as Manitoba. These treaties made quite specific promises of land for every family, medicine chests, yearly payments, etc. This led to a reserve system under the jurisdicion of the Federal Government. There are still land claim issues because the proper amount of land promised to the native peoples was not always given.

The Manitoba Schools Question showed the deep divergence of cultural values in the territory. The Manitoba Schools Question was a political crisis in Manitoba and more generally in Canada in the late 19th century involving publicly funded Separate schools The French had been guaranteed a state-supported separate school system in the original constitution of Manitoba, but a grassroots political movement among Protestants in 1888-90 demanded the end of French schools. In 1890, the Manitoba legislature passed a law abolishing French as an official language of the province and removing funding for Catholic schools. The French Catholic minority asked the federal Government for support; however, the Orange Order and other anti-Catholic forces mobilized nationwide. The Orange Institution, more commonly known as the Orange Order or the Orange Lodge, is a Protestant fraternal organisation based predominantly The Conservatives proposed remedial legislation to over-ride Manitoba's legislation, but they in turn were blocked by Liberals, led by Wilfrid Laurier, who opposed the remedial legislation on the basis of provincial rights. Once elected Prime Minister in 1896, Laurier proposed a compromise stating that Catholics in Manitoba could have Catholic teaching for 30 minutes at the end of the day if there were enough students to warrant it, on a school-by-school basis. Tensions over language remained high in Manitoba (and nationwide) for decades to come.

Winnipeg was the 4th largest city in Canada by the early 1900s. A boomtown, it grew quickly from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There were a lot of outside investors, immigrants and railways. Business was booming. Even today, one can see the many old mansions and estates that belonged to Winnipeg's growing wealthy class. When the Manitoba Legislature was built, it was expected that Manitoba would have a population of 3 million quite soon. Around the beginning of World War I, the quickly growing city began to cool down as large amounts of money were no longer invested to the same degree as before the war. Winnipeg eventually fell behind in growth when other major cities in Canada began to boom ahead, such as Calgary today. Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada

Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the Winnipeg General Strike, June 21, 1919. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

In the 1917 election in the midst of the conscription crisis, the Liberals were split in half and the new Union party carried all but one seat. The Conscription Crisis of 1917 was a political and military crisis in Canada during World War I. As the war ended severe discontent among farmers (over wheat prices) and union members (over wage rates) resulted in an upsurge of radicalism. With Bolshevism coming to power in Russia, conservatives were anxious and radicals were energized. The most dramatic episode was the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 which shut down most activity for six weeks. The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 was one of the most influential strikes in Canadian history It began May 15 and continued until the strike collapsed on June 25, 1919, as the workers were gradually returning to their jobs and the Central Strike Committee decided to end the strike. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Government efforts to violently crush the strike, including a charge into a crowd of strikers by the Royal Northwest Mounted Police that resulted in 30 casualties and one death, and the arrest of the strike leaders contributed to this decision. As historian William Morton explained:

More recently, many historians have disagreed with Morton's interpretation of the strike and have written considerably different histories of it.

In the aftermath of the strike eight leaders went on trial, and most were convicted on charges of seditious conspiracy, illegal combinations, and seditious libel; four were aliens who were deported under the Immigration Act. Labor was weakened and divided as a result. Farmers, meanwhile, were patiently organizing the United Farmers of Manitoba, with plans to contest the 1920 provincial elections. The result was that no party held a majority. The Farmers, running against politics as usual, won in 1922, with 30 seats, against 7 returning Liberals, 6 Conservatives, 6 Labour, and 8 Independents.

Government

Main articles: Politics of Manitoba and Monarchy in Manitoba

Manitoba Legislature

Structure of Manitoba Government

Manitoba is governed by a unicameral legislature, the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, which operates under the Westminster system of government. The Canadian province of Manitoba is governed by a Unicameral legislature, the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, which operates under the Westminster The Monarchy in Manitoba is the Constitutional system of government in which a hereditary Monarch is the sovereign and Head of state of the Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the lieutenant governor form the Legislature of Manitoba the legislative branch of government in the The Westminster system is a democratic Parliamentary system of Government modelled after the British government (the Parliament of the United The executive branch is formed by the majority party and the party leader is the Premier of Manitoba, the head of government. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. A two-party system is a form of Party system where two major Political parties dominate voting in nearly all Elections at every In Politics, a party leader is the most powerful and highest ranking official within a Political party. The Premier of Manitoba is the First minister for the Canadian province of Manitoba. The head of state is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, who is appointed by the Governor General of Canada on advice of the Prime Minister of Canada. This is a historical list of the Lieutenant Governors of Manitoba in Canada. The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus The head of state is mainly a ceremonial and a figurative role today.

The legislative arm of the Government of Manitoba consists of the 57 Members elected to represent the people of Manitoba. The horseshoe arrangement of the members seats within the Chamber is unique in Canada. ^[24]

Manitoba's primary political parties are the New Democratic Party of Manitoba, the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba and the Liberal Party of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada.

Founding of the Legislative Assembly

The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba was established on July 14, 1870. The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the lieutenant governor form the Legislature of Manitoba the legislative branch of government in the Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Originally, it was named a Parliament, and then was later named a Legislature. Manitoba attained full fledged rights and responsibilities of self-government as the first Canadian province carved out of the Northwest Territories, control over which had been passed by Britain to the Government of Canada in 1869 due to the sale of Rupert's Land by the Hudson's Bay Company. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For its first few decades, Manitoba was known as the "postage stamp province" because it was originally square, initially including only the southern 40% of the province's current territory. (The northern part lay in Rupert's Land, whose area was eventually divided by the Government of Canada between the provinces that bounded it and the NWT. )

The creation of Manitoba out of the Northwest Territories was quick due to the settlements in the Red River area by the Métis and the Lord Selkirk settlers. The Red River colony and Fort Garry area were the only colony in the west, and the Métis set up a provisional republic government prior to joining with Canada. Saskatchewan and Alberta went through a longer period as part of the Northwest Territories until their creation as provinces in 1905. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905

The decision to make Manitoba a full-fledged province in 1870 resulted from three influences:

• A misunderstanding on the part of the Canadian authorities.
• The formation of a provisional government of the Métis by Louis Riel. The Métis are descendants of marriages of Cree, Ojibway Algonquin, Saulteaux, and Menominee aboriginals to Europeans, Louis Riel (22 October 1844 &ndash 16 November 1885 in English was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and leader of the Métis
• Fears of manifest destiny sentiments in the United States, ignoring Americans denials of any such goals. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Initially, the subject of provincial status did not come up during the negotiations between Canada, the United Kingdom and the Hudson's Bay Company. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located It was assumed that territorial status was granted in the Act for the Temporary Government of Ruperts' Land in 1869.

Louis Riel first introduced the subject of provincial status to the Committee of Forty appointed by the citizens of Red River in 1870. Louis Riel (22 October 1844 &ndash 16 November 1885 in English was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and leader of the Métis Riel's proposal to Donald Smith, emissary for the government of Canada, was rejected by the government of John A. Macdonald. Donald Smith may refer to Donald Alexander Smith 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, Canadian railway financier and diplomat Donald B Sir John Alexander Macdonald GCB, KCMG, PC ( January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister

The list of demands from Riel did goad the government of Canada into acting on a proposal of its own on regarding Red River's status. John A. Macdonald introduced the Manitoba Act in the Canadian House of Commons and pretended that the question of province or territory was of no significance. The Manitoba Act was given Royal Assent in the 33rd year of Queen Victoria's reign May 12, 1870. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and The bill was given royal assent and Manitoba joined Canada as a province.

It was a significant leap of faith imposing responsible government on Manitoba in 1870 without any adjustment period. It went against all conventional wisdom of the time. However, Macdonald's misunderstanding of territorial versus provincial status, the rise of the Métis people and the burgeoning growth of the United States all compelled him to act in a nation building initiative. In the years that followed, much like the years that preceded, Manitoba went through many upheavals. However, parliamentary government and the Province that was created in 1870 prevailed.

Winnipeg became the capital city and grew rapidly to become a major city in Canada. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The present Manitoba Legislative Building was eventually built with neoclassical designs. The Manitoba Legislative Building is the meeting place of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, in central Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo It was built to accommodate Winnipeg's quickly growing population in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population The Legislature was built to democratically represent about 3 million citizens, which was the expected population of the province.

The current premier of Manitoba is Gary Doer of the NDP (New Democratic Party). Gary Albert Doer MLA (born March 31, 1948) is a Politician in Manitoba, Canada. Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots He is currently serving his third mandate with a majority government of 36 seats. The Progressive Conservative Party holds 19 seats, and the Liberal Party (which does not have official party status) has 2. The last election was held Tuesday, May 22, 2007. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.

Official languages

English and French are the official languages of the legislature and courts of Manitoba, according to the Manitoba Act, 1870 (which forms part of the Constitution of Canada):

However, with the rise to power of the English-only movement in Manitoba from 1890 onwards, this provision was disregarded in practice and by Manitoban legislation. In April 1890, the Manitoba legislature introduced a measure to abolish the official status of the French language in the legislature, the laws, records and journals, as well as the Courts of Manitoba. Among other things, the Manitoban Legislature ceased to publish legislation in French, but did so in English only. However, in 1985 the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in the Reference re Manitoba Language Rights that §23 still applied, and that legislation published only in English was invalid (so that Manitoba did not descend into a state of lawlessness, unilingual legislation was declared valid for a temporary period, to give the government of Manitoba time to issue translations. The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian Reference re Manitoba Language Rights 1 SCR 721 was a Reference question posed to the Supreme Court of Canada regarding provisions in the Manitoba )

Although French is an official language for the purposes of the legislature, legislation, and the courts, the Manitoba Act (as interpreted by the Supreme Court of Canada) does not require it to be an official language for the purpose of the executive branch of government (except when the executive branch is performing legislative or judicial functions. )^[26] Hence, Manitoba's government is not completely bilingual, and as reflected in the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982, the only completely bilingual province is New Brunswick. The Constitution Act 1982 (Schedule B of the Canada Act 1982 (UK is a part of the Constitution of Canada. New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally

The Manitoba French Language Services Policy of 1999 is intended to provide a comparable level of provincial government services in both official languages. [2] Services to the public, including public utilities and health services, official documents such as parking tickets and court summonses, court and commission hearings, and government web sites are accessible in both English and French.

Winnipeg's Portage Avenue, looking east from Colony Street.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Manitoba

According to the 2001 Canadian census,[3] the largest ethnic group in Manitoba is English (22. Manitoba is one of Canada 's 10 provinces. It is the easternmost of the three Prairie Provinces. English Canada|Canadians of English descentAn English Canadian is a Canadian whose principal language is English or who is of English ancestry; it is used 1%), followed by German (18. The 2006 Canadian census put the number of Canadians of German ethnicity at 3179425 2%), Scottish (17. Scottish Canadians are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. 7%), Ukrainian (14. A Ukrainian Canadian is a person of Ukrainian descent or origin who was born in or immigrated to Canada. 3%), Irish (13. Irish Canadians are immigrants and descendants of immigrants who origninated in Ireland. 0%), French (12. 6%), First Nations (9. First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people 9%), Polish (6. Polish Canadians are Canadians of Polish ancestry According to the 2001 census by Statistics Canada, 817085 Canadians claim full or partial Polish ancestry 7%), Métis (5. The Métis are descendants of marriages of Cree, Ojibway Algonquin, Saulteaux, and Menominee aboriginals to Europeans, 2%), Dutch (4. According to the Canada 2006 Census, there are 1035965 Canadians of Dutch descent, including those of full or partial ancestry 7%) and Icelandic (2. Canada has the largest Icelandic population outside of Iceland. 0%) - although almost a quarter of all respondents also identified their ethnicity as "Canadian. " Winnipeg Capital Region has about 711,500. The Winnipeg Capital Region is located in the Red River Valley in the south central portion of the province of Manitoba, Canada, containing the provincial

Population of Manitoba since 1871

*Preliminary 2006 census estimate.

Source: Statistics Canada^[27][28]

Economy

Pre-Confederation

Manitoba's early economy depended on mobility and living off of the land. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Brandon is a City in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. The surrounding area is often referred to as " Westman " The City of Thompson, "Hub of the North" is the regional trade and service centre of Northern Manitoba. Steinbach is a City of over 11000 people in the province of Manitoba, Canada, a short distance from the capital Winnipeg. Selkirk is a city in the western Canadian province of Manitoba, located about 22 km northeast of the provincial capital Winnipeg on the Red River Winkler ( is a small City with a population of about 9600 (2008 located in southern Manitoba, Canada. Dauphin ( French for the eldest son of the king of France) is a city in Manitoba, Canada, with a population of 7906 as of 2006 Morden ( is a large Town with a population of 6571 (2006 located in the Pembina Valley region of southern Manitoba, Canada. The Pas (ðəˈpɑː is a town in Manitoba, Canada, located in Division No A number of Aboriginal Nations (including the Cree, Ojibwa, Dene, Sioux and Assiniboine) followed herds of bison and congregated to trade among themselves at key meeting places throughout the province.

The first fur traders entering the province in the 17th century changed the dynamics of the economy of Manitoba forever. For the first time, permanent settlements of forts were created and communities evolved over time. Most of the economy centred around the trade of beaver pelts and other furs. Many native scouts and native maps were used to help the fur traders make their way through the region. Some of the best early maps were made with the help of natives who knew the river routes within their traditional home territories. The natural rivers, creeks, and lakes were the most important routes for trade and travel.

The first major diversification of the economy came when Lord Selkirk brought the first agricultural settlers to the area just north of present day Winnipeg in 1811. Thomas Douglas ( June 20, 1771 — April 8, 1820) was the 5th Earl of Selkirk, born at Saint Mary's Isle Kirkcudbrightshire Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population The lack of reliable transportation and an ongoing dispute between the Hudson's Bay Company, the North West Company and the Métis impeded growth. For the grocery chain see The North West Company. The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal A Métis is a person born to parents who belong to different groups defined by visible physical differences regarded as racial or the descendant of such persons

The eventual triumph of the Hudson's Bay Company over its competitors ensured the primacy of the fur trade over widespread agricultural colonization. Any trade not sanctioned by the HBC was frowned upon.

It took many years for the Red River Colony to develop under HBC rule. The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement) was a colonization project set up by Thomas Douglas 5th Earl of Selkirk in 1811 on 300000 km² of land granted The Company invested little in infrastructure for the community. It was only when independent traders such as James Sinclair and Andrew McDermot (Dermott) started competing in trade that improvements to the community began. Andrew McDermot (1790&ndash 12 October 1881) was a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC employee who became a prominent independent fur trade merchant and member

By 1849, the HBC faced even greater threats to its monopoly. A Métis fur trader named Pierre Guillaume Sayer was charged with illegal trading by the Hudson's Bay Company. A Métis is a person born to parents who belong to different groups defined by visible physical differences regarded as racial or the descendant of such persons Pierre Guillaume Sayer (c 1796 &ndash sometime after May 1849) was a Métis fur trader whose trial was a turning point in the ending of the Hudson's Sayer had been trading with Norman Kittson who resided just beyond the HBC's reach in Pembina, North Dakota. Norman Wolfred Kittson ( 5 March 1814 &ndash 10 May 1888) was variously a Fur trader Steamboat -line operator and Pembina (ˈpɛmbɪnə) is a city in Pembina County, North Dakota in the United States. The court found Sayer guilty, but the judge levied no fine or punishment.

In 1853, a second agricultural community started in Portage la Prairie.

The courts could no longer be used by the HBC to enforce its monopoly. The result was a weakening of HBC rule over the region and laid the foundations of provincehood for Manitoba.

See also: List of companies based in Manitoba and List of hospitals in Manitoba

Transportation

Transportation and warehousing contributes approximately $2. This is a list of major companies based in Manitoba, Canada Great-West Lifeco Inc This is a list of hospitals in Manitoba. Brandon Brandon Regional Hospital Thompson 2 billion to Manitoba’s GDP. Total employment in the industry is estimated at 34,500. ^[29]

Manitoba has a rail, air, road and marine component to its transportation industry.

The Trans-Canada Highway built between 1950 and 1971 crosses the province from east to west. The Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial Highway system that joins all ten provinces of Canada. Trucks haul 95% of all land freight in Manitoba, and trucking companies account for 80% of Manitoba's merchandise trade to the United States. Five of Canada's twenty-five largest employers in for-hire trucking are headquartered in Manitoba and three of Canada's 10 largest employers in the for-hire trucking industry are headquartered in Winnipeg. $1. 18 billion of Manitoba's GDP directly or indirectly comes from trucking. Around 5% or 33,000 people work in the trucking industry. Domestic and international bus service from the Winnipeg Bus Terminal is offered by Greyhound Canada and Jefferson Lines. The Winnipeg Bus Terminal is located in downtown Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada across from the University of Winnipeg. Greyhound Canada (registered as Greyhound Canada Transportation Corp Jefferson Lines and Jefferson Tours are operated by Jefferson Partners L

Manitoba has two Class I railways. They are CN and Canadian Pacific Railway. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Winnipeg is centrally located on the main lines of both of these continental carriers, and both companies maintain large intermodal terminals in the city. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population CN and CP operate a combined 2,439 kilometres of track within Manitoba. Via Rail Canada offers transcontenial and northern Manitoba passenger service from Winnipeg's Union Station. VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; ˈviːə 'vee-ah' is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail Union Station is the inter-city Railway station for Winnipeg, Manitoba. The first railway through Manitoba was the CP Railway, and the tracks were diverted south to make Winnipeg as the capital and centre, and not Selkirk, which is located further north. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Selkirk is a city in the western Canadian province of Manitoba, located about 22 km northeast of the provincial capital Winnipeg on the Red River

A number of small regional and shortline railways exist in the province. They are the Hudson Bay Railway, the Southern Manitoba Railway, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba,

Greater Winnipeg Water District Railway, and Central Manitoba Railway. Hudson Bay Railway (HBRY is a Canadian regional railway operating over 1300 Kilometres (810 Miles of trackage in northern Manitoba Southern Manitoba Railway (SMNR was incorporated in July 1999 in Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada. Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba (BNSF Manitoba is a Canadian Subsidiary railroad of BNSF Railway. The Greater Winnipeg Water District Railway is a 102-mile long industrial railway from Winnipeg, Manitoba to Shoal Lake near Manitoba's eastern boundary Central Manitoba Railway (CEMR is a Canadian shortline railway operating in the province of Manitoba. Together, they operate approximately 1,775 kilometres of track within the province.

Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport is one of only a few 24-hour unrestricted airports in Canada, and is part of the National Airports System. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page It has a broad range of passenger and cargo services and served over 3. 5 million people in 2007 which is over the maxium capacity of 600,000 the current terminal was to handle. The airport handles approximately 140,000 tonnes of cargo annually. A new airport terminal building is being built and is scheduled to be completed by 2009.

Eleven regional passenger carriers and nine smaller/charter carriers operate out of the airport, as well as 11 air cargo carriers and 7 freight forwarders. Winnipeg is a major sorting facility for both FedEx and Purolator. FedEx Corporation ( is a Logistics services company based in the United States. Purolator Courier Ltd is a Canadian Courier that is 91% owned by Canada Post. It also receives daily transborder service from UPS. United Parcel Service Inc ( commonly referred to as UPS, is one of the world's largest Package delivery companies Air Canada Cargo and Cargojet Airways use the airport as a major hub for national traffic. Air Canada () is Canada 's largest Airline and Flag carrier. The airline founded in 1937 has had its corporate headquarters in Montreal Cargojet Airways Ltd ( is a Cargo airline based in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

The Port of Churchill, owned by OmniTRAX, is Canada's main window to the Arctic ocean, to Russia, and inland to China. The Port of Churchill in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada is a Port on the Arctic Ocean. OmniTRAX is an American transportation services company based in Denver Colorado, operated as a subsidiary of The Broe Group The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. The port of Churchill is nautically closer to ports in Northern Europe and Russia than any other port in Canada. The port is the only Arctic deep water port in Canada, and a part of the closest shipping route between North America and Asia. It has 4 deep-sea berths for the loading and unloading of grain, general cargo and tanker vessels. The port is linked by the Hudson Bay Railway (also owned by OMNITRAX). Hudson Bay Railway (HBRY is a Canadian regional railway operating over 1300 Kilometres (810 Miles of trackage in northern Manitoba Grain represented 90% of the port’s traffic in the 2004 shipping season. In that year, over 600,000 tonnes of agricultural product was shipped through the port. The port and track will soon be upgraded and improved due to the promise of millions of Federal and Provincial tax dollars.

Military

Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg (CFB Winnipeg) is a Canadian Forces Base located in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg ( CFB Winnipeg) is a Canadian Forces Base located in Winnipeg Manitoba. A Canadian Forces Base or CFB ( French Base des forces canadiennes or BFC) refers to a military installation of the Canadian Forces Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population

Co-located at the Winnipeg International Airport, CFB Winnipeg is home to many flight operations support divisions, as well as several training schools. It is also the 1 Canadian Air Division/Canadian NORAD Region Headquarters. 1 Canadian Air Division ( 1 Cdn Air Div) is the operational-level command and control formation of the Canadian Forces ' Air Command (AIRCOM ^[30] The base is supported by over 3,000 military personnel and civilian employees.

17 Wing of the Canadian Forces is based in Winnipeg near the international airport. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence The Wing has three squadrons and six schools. ^[31] It also provides support to the Central Flying School.

The Wing also supports 113 units stretching from Thunder Bay, to the Saskatchewan/Alberta border and from the 49th Parallel to the high Arctic. Thunder Bay ( 2006 census population 109140 formerly the twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur, is a City in and the seat of Thunder Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 49th Parallel ( is the third film made by the British writer-director team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. 17 Wing also acts as a deployed operating base for CF-18 Hornet fighter-bombers assigned to the Canadian NORAD Region. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[31]

Two squadrons based in the city are:

• 402 “City of Winnipeg” Squadron. This squadron flies the Canadian-designed and -produced de Havilland Canada CT-142 Dash 8 navigation trainer in support of the Canadian Forces Air Navigation School’s Air Navigators and Airborne Electronic Sensor Operator training programs. The de Havilland Canada company was an aircraft manufacturer with facilities based in what is now the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada ^[32]

• 435 “Chinthe” Transport and Rescue Squadron. This squadron flies the powerful Lockheed CC-130 Hercules tanker/transport in the airlift search and rescue roles. The Lockheed Corporation (originally Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company was an American aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta In addition, 435 Squadron is the only Air Force squadron equipped and trained to conduct air-to-air refueling of fighter aircraft in support of operational and training activities at home and abroad. The CC-130 Hercules tanker is a key asset for the Canadian NORAD Region in its mission to defend Canada and the United States against aerial threats that originate outside or within North American airspace. ^[33]

For many years, Winnipeg was the home of The Second Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, or 2 PPCLI. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI is an infantry regiment in the Canadian Forces (CF belonging to 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG Initially, the battalion was based at the Fort Osborne Barracks near present day Osborne Village. ^[34] They eventually moved to the Kapyong Barracks located in the River Heights/Tuxedo part of Winnipeg. River Heights is a neighborhood in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada located south of the Assiniboine River, west of Fort Rouge at Cambridge Street Tuxedo (population 16819 as of 2006 including Linden Woods) is an affluent residential suburb of Winnipeg Manitoba. Since 2004, the 550 men and women of the battalion have operated out of Canadian Forces Base Shilo near Brandon. Canadian Forces Base Shilo (or CFB Shilo) is an Operations and Training base of the Canadian Forces, located 35 km east of Brandon Manitoba. Brandon is a City in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. The surrounding area is often referred to as " Westman " ^[34]

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles and The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada are infantry reserve units based at Minto Armouries in Winnipeg. The Royal Winnipeg Rifles (R Wpg Rif are a Primary Reserve Infantry Regiment of the Canadian Forces. The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada is a Primary Reserve Infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces. ^[35] The Fort Garry Horse is an artillery reserve unit based at McGregor Armoury in Winnipeg.

Canadian Forces Base Shilo (or CFB Shilo) is an Operations and Training base of the Canadian Forces located 35 km east of Brandon, Manitoba. Canadian Forces Base Shilo (or CFB Shilo) is an Operations and Training base of the Canadian Forces, located 35 km east of Brandon Manitoba. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence Brandon is a City in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. The surrounding area is often referred to as " Westman " During the 1990s, Canadian Forces Base Shilo was also designated as an Area Support Unit, which acts as a local base of operations for south-west Manitoba in times of Military and Civil Emergency. A Canadian Forces Base or CFB ( French Base des forces canadiennes or BFC) refers to a military installation of the Canadian Forces ^[36]

CFB Shilo is the home of the 1st Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery , the 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (2PPCLI)—both battalions of the 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group—as well as being the Home Station of the Royal Canadian Artillery. The Royal Canadian Horse Artillery is the name given to the regular field artillery units of the Canadian Army. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI is an infantry regiment in the Canadian Forces (CF belonging to 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1CMBG is a Canadian Forces Brigade group that is part of Land Forces Western Area of the Canadian Army. The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery ( Fr: le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne is the Artillery Personnel branch of the Canadian

In addition, CFB Shilo lodges training units such as the Western Area Training Centre Detachment Shilo and the Communications Reserve School.

It also serves as a base for some support units of Land Force Western Area, including 731 Signals Squadron. Land Force Western Area is responsible for all Canadian army operations and administration in western Canada from the northern Lakehead region of Ontario ^[36]

Professional sports teams

• Canadian Football League
  • Winnipeg Blue Bombers

• American Hockey League
  • Manitoba Moose

• Northern League (baseball)
  • Winnipeg Goldeyes

• Western Hockey League
  • Brandon Wheat Kings

Former professional sports teams

• National Hockey League/ World Hockey Association
  • Winnipeg Jets (moved to Phoenix, Arizona and are now the Phoenix Coyotes)

• Northern League (baseball, 1902-71)
  • Winnipeg Maroons (defunct)

• World Basketball League / National Basketball League
  • Winnipeg Thunder (defunct)

Map

Notes

References

See also

• Manitoba Act
• Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
• Provinces and territories of Canada
• Manitoba cabinet ministers
• Manitoba Hydro
• Manitoba Telecom Services
• List of airports in Manitoba
• List of cities in Canada
• List of Manitoba general elections
• List of Manitoba lieutenant-governors
• List of Manitoba Museums
• List of Manitoba premiers
• List of Manitoba provincial highways
• List of Manitoba regions
• List of universities in Manitoba
• List of communities in Manitoba
• List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols
• Louis Riel
• Winnipeg General Strike of 1919
• Republic of Manitoba (1867-68)
• Parks in Manitoba
• Dominion Land Survey
• Red River Flood, 1997
• Same-sex marriage in Manitoba
• list of rural municipalities in Manitoba
• List of Manitoba School Divisions and Districts
• 20 Largest Cities in Manitoba
• First Nations in Southern Manitoba
• First Nations in the Northern Region of Manitoba
• Scouting in Manitoba
• Mincome, a guaranteed minimum income program in the 1970s experimented in Manitoba

External links

• Government of Manitoba
• Manitoba Spirited Energy/Vibrant d'énergie
• Travel Manitoba
• The Manitoba School Question
• The Manitoba Historical Society
• Architecture of Manitoba
• The TimeLinks Image Archive
• Review of book about Manitoba's French-Language crisis in the 1980s
• Friendly Rivalries: Manitoba Elections, 1966 -1999

Coordinates: 55°4′N 97°31′W / 55.067, -97.517 (Manitoba)