| ?Mangalore Karnataka • India | |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation | 135.18 km² (52 sq mi) • 99 m (325 ft) |
| District(s) | Dakshina Kannada |
| Population • Density | 398,745 (2001) • 3,586. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 5 /km² (9,289 /sq mi) |
| Mayor | Ganesh Hosabettu[1] |
| Deputy Mayor | Shakeela Kava[1] |
| Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle | • 575001[2] • +0824[3] • KA-19[4] |
| Website: www.mangalorecity.gov.in | |
Coordinates: Mangalore (IPA:\ˈmaŋ-gə-ˌlȯr\; Kannada: ಮಂಗಳೂರು, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ; Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್; Beary: Maikala, ಮೈಕಲ) pronunciation is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Deputy mayor is an elective or appointive office of the second-ranking official in many local governments A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or Post code system used by India Post the Indian Postal For the past decade or so telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India KA-19-P-8488jpg|thumb|270px|Close up of a licence plate used in Mangalore, Karnataka. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India It is situated on the west coast of the country on the Arabian Sea, with the Western Ghats to Mangalore's east. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം
Mangalore is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada (formerly South Canara) district in the southwestern corner of Karnataka, and developed as a port on the Arabian Sea – to this day it remains one of the major ports of India. Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal Lying on the backwaters formed by the Netravati and Gurupura rivers, it has long been a roadstead along the Malabar Coast. The Netravati River ( Kannada: ನೇತ್ರಾವತಿ ನದಿ) (or Nethravathi River) has its origins at Gangamoola at Samse in Chikkamagaluru Gurupura is a small town near the city of Mangalore in Karnataka, India. Malabar (മലബാര് is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. Its port handles 75% of India’s coffee exports and the bulk of its cashew nuts. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom [5]
Mangalore is known for its beaches, temples and industries. There are several languages spoken, including Tulu, Konkani, Kannada, and Beary. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state The landscape is dominated by the characteristic coconut palms accompanying rolling hills and streams flowing into the sea and dotted with tiled-roof buildings, topped with the well-known Mangalore tiles made from the local hard red clay and typically walled with laterite blocks. Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Laterite (from the Latin word "later" meaning brick or tile is a surface formation in hot and wet tropical areas which is enriched in Iron and Aluminium Older houses are commonly found with elaborate woodwork.
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Etymology
The city of Mangalore was named after the local Hindu deity Mangaladevi. The Goddess Mangaladevi gives the city of Mangalore its name She is the main deity of the Mangaladevi Temple at Bolar (Location in Mangalore A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical The Goddess Mangaladevi gives the city of Mangalore its name She is the main deity of the Mangaladevi Temple at Bolar (Location in Mangalore [6] Matsyendranath, one of the important protagonist of the Nath cult had arrived here with the princess of Kerala, Premaladevi. Macchindranath ( 9th - 10th century) was one of the eighty-four Mahasiddhas and is the Patron deity of Nepal. The Sanskrit word nāthá ( Hindi nāth) is the proper name of a Siddha Sampradaya (initiatory tradition and the word itself Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; He converted the princess to his cult and named her Mangaladevi. They could not proceed further as Mangaladevi died after a brief period of illness and a temple was consecrated in her name at Bolar, which was later renovated by the Alupa King Kundavarma in 968 AD. The Goddess Mangaladevi gives the city of Mangalore its name She is the main deity of the Mangaladevi Temple at Bolar (Location in Mangalore Bolara is a locality in Mangalore City Karnataka, India. The famous Mangaladevi Temple by which Mangalore derives its name is Origin The origin of Alupas prior to the Kadambas is unclear as there are no epigraphical evidences
One of the earliest reference to this city name is made by the Pandyan King Chettian, who called the city as Managalapuram in 715 AD. Origin The origin of the word “Pandya” has been a subject of much speculation The chronicles of the 11th-century Arabian traveler Ibn Batuta refer to Mangalore as Manjarur. The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) [7] In 1526 AD, the Portuguese took possession of Mangalore, thus corrupting the word Mangaluru to its present form Mangalore. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta After subsequent British occupation in 1799, this Portuguese catchword was later assimilated in the English language. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States [8]
The cosmopolitan nature of the city is reflected in the names used by the various linguistic groups in this region. In Tulu, the city is known as Kudla meaning "junction" as the city is situated at the confluence of the Netravati and Phalguni rivers. The Netravati River ( Kannada: ನೇತ್ರಾವತಿ ನದಿ) (or Nethravathi River) has its origins at Gangamoola at Samse in Chikkamagaluru Konkanis use the variant Kodial. Konkani people form an ethnic group mainly found in the Konkan Coast of western India who speak the Konkani language natively The Bearys call it Maikala. The Beary (also known as Byari) is a small Muslim community concentrated mostly in coastal South Kanara ( Dakshina Kannada) district of Karnataka Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ Kannadigas use the name Mangaluru for the city. Kannadiga ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ | masculine|) or Kannadati ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡತಿ | feminine|) refers to populations On the occasion of Suvarna Karnataka in 2006, the Karnataka state government stated that the city would be renamed Mangalooru in English. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States [9]
History
According to Hindu mythology, the region covering Mangalore was a part of the Parashurama Shristi, the coastal belt reclaimed from the sea by the legendary sage Parashurama. Mythological associations According to Hindu mythology, the region covering Mangalore was a part of the Parashurama Shristi, the coastal belt reclaimed Sultan Battery watch tower constructed by Tipu Sultan is situated 4 km from Mangalore City The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Gurupura is a small town near the city of Mangalore in Karnataka, India. Hindu mythology is the large body of Mythology related to Hinduism, notably as contained in Sanskrit literature, such as the Sanskrit epics and Parashurama a Brahman ( Sanskrit: परशुराम or Parasurama ( Axe-wielding Rama) the sixth Avatar of Vishnu, As for other mythological associations, Rama was the Lord of Tulu Nadu during the days of the Ramayana. Rama ( IAST: rāma Devanāgarī: राम Khmer: Phreah Ream Thai: Phra Ram Lao: Phra Lam Tagalog: Tulu Nadu ( Tulu: ತುಳುನಾಡ್ is a region on the south-western coast of Karnataka, India. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki Sahadeva, the youngest of the Pandavas, was the Governor of this place during the days of the Mahabharatha. Sahadeva ( Sanskrit: सहदेव sahadéva)was one of the five Pandava brothers according to the epic Mahābhārata. In the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, the Pandava (or Pandawa brothers ( Sanskrit: पाण्डव pāṇḍavaḥ are the five acknowledged sons of The Pandavas lived in Banavasi during their exile visiting Sarapady near Mangalore. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District Sarapady is a small Village in Karnataka State India on the banks of the Nethravathi river in the Bantwal taluk Arjuna, the hero of Mahabharata also appears to have visited this place when he travelled from Gokarna to Adur near Kasargod. Arjuna or Arjun ( Sanskrit: अर्जुन arjuna) is one of the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, whose name Gokarna may refer to Gokarna India Gokarna Nepal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the district with the same name see Kasaragod district. Great sages like Kanva, Vysa, Vashista, Vishvamitra had spent their days of meditation here. For the Indian dynasty see Kanva dynasty Kanva ( Sanskrit: कण्व káṇva) is a renowned Rishi Brahmarshi Vishvamitra ( Sanskrit sa विश्वामित्र viśvā-mitra "all- friend " is one of the most venerated [11]
There are many historical references regarding to the town. Cosmas Indicopleustes, a Greek monk referred to the port of Mangarouth. Cosmas Indicopleustes (literally "who sailed to India" of Alexandria was a Greek Merchant and later Monk probably of Nestorian The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions [12] Pliny, a Roman historian made references of a place called Nithrias,[13] and Greek historian Ptolemy referred to Nitre. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author Citizenship in the time of Ancient Rome was a privileged status afforded to certain individuals with respect to laws property and governance Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca Both the references were probably to the River Netravathi flowing through Mangalore. The Netravati River ( Kannada: ನೇತ್ರಾವತಿ ನದಿ) (or Nethravathi River) has its origins at Gangamoola at Samse in Chikkamagaluru Ptolemy had also mentioned about this city in his works as Maganoor. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca [14] Roman writer Arien called Mangalore Mandegora. A 7th-century copper inscription referred to Mangalore as Mangalapura. [15]
The Kadambas had ruled this place from 200 to 600 A. The Kadamba Dynasty ( Kannada:ಕದಂಬರು (345 - 525 CE was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present D. [11][16] The ancient history proved that Mangalore had been the capital of Alupa dynasty until the 14th century. Origin The origin of Alupas prior to the Kadambas is unclear as there are no epigraphical evidences [17] A traveler, Ibn Battuta who had visited the town in 1342 stated that he arrived at a place named Manjurun or Mandjaur situated on a large estuary. Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta (أبو عبد الله محمد ابن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة (born February He had mentioned that the town was a trading centre and Persian and Yemeni merchants disembarked at Mangalore. layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya [18] In 1448, Abdul Razak, a Persian Ambassador passed via this route to Vijayanagar. The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South He said that he had seen a glorious temple here. [19] The inscriptions at Moodabidri stated a King Mangaras Odeya was the governor of Mangaluru Raajya during the reign of Vira Harihararaya II of Vijayanagar dynasty. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Moodabidri ( Kannada: ಮೂಡಬಿದ್ರಿ)(also called Mudbidri, Moodbiri Harihara II (1377-1404 CE was an Emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty. The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South Another inscription stated that Deeva Raaja Odeya ruled the Mangaluru Raajya in 1429 during the reign of Vijayanagara King Veera Devaraya II. Deva Raya II (1424-1446 CE was an Emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty. [20] Various powers have fought for control over Mangalore. The major dynasties that ruled the town till the arrival of Portuguese were the Western Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Hoysalas. The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ( Sanskrit: राष्ट्रकूट rāṣṭrakūṭa, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ was a royal The Hoysala Empire ( Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ( pronunciation: in Kannada was a prominent South Indian Kannadiga
The European influence in Mangalore can be traced back to the year 1498, when the Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama had landed at St Mary's Islands near Mangalore on his voyage from Portugal to India. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira ('vaʃku dɐ 'gɐmɐ ( Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, ca St Mary's Isles ( Kannada: ಸಂತ ಮೇರಿಯ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳು (popularly called St Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [21] In 1520 the Portuguese took control of the area from Vijayanagara rulers. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South In 1526, the Portuguese viceroy Lopo de Sampaio succeeded in defeating the Bangara king and his allies and the trade passed out of Muslim hands into Portuguese hands. Bhangra (ਭੰਗੜਾ pa-PK بھنگڑا pə̀ŋgɽäː is a lively form of music and dance that originated in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Portuguese commanded the Arabian Sea from the port of Mangalore and they intruded actively in the affairs of the local chieftains. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: [11] In the 16th century, Mangalore received a huge influx of Goud Saraswat Brahmins and Catholics from Goa. Goud (also written as Gowd or Gaud Saraswat Brahmins are a Konkani or Marathi speaking Hindu Brahmin community in India Mangalorean Catholics ( Konkani: Kodialche Katholik) are Roman Catholics from Mangalore, a region on the southwestern coast of India Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. [22][23][24] In 1695, the town was burnt by the Arabs in retaliation for Portuguese restrictions on Arab trade. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding [25] In the middle of the 17th century, Venkatappa Nayaka of the Ikkeri family stormed the Portuguese bastion and defeated them. The Nayaka clan Chaudappa ( 1499 - 1530) from Keladi was the earliest chieftain to rule the area surrounding Shivamogga Their rule continued till 1762. [11]
Hyder Ali (1722–1782) the ruler of Mysore conquered Mangalore in 1763, and it was under his administration till 1768, before being annexed by the British between 1768 and 1794. Hyder Ali or Haidar 'Ali (c 1722 - 1782 was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Mysore (maɪˈsɔɚ in English; renamed to Mysuru|ಮೈಸೂರು) (ಮೈಸೂರು is the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, India The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 Later in 1794 Hyder Ali's son Tippu Sultan again took control of the area. Hyder Ali or Haidar 'Ali (c 1722 - 1782 was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. [26] During his regime, the city was caught in the crossfires of Anglo-Mysore relations. The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a series of wars fought in India over the last three decades of the eighteenth-century between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British The Second Anglo-Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Mangalore which was signed in Mangalore between Tippu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784. The Second Anglo-Mysore War ( 1780 - 1784) was a conflict in India between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Mysore. The Treaty of Mangalore was signed between between Tippu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1784 ( MDCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year [27][28]
The English again captured Mangalore in 1791, but Tippu besieged it in 1793 and the English surrendered the city in 1794. An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. With the death of Tippu Sultan and the fall of Srirangapatna during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, the city was re-conquered by the British, and it remained under British administration till India's independence in 1947. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Srirangapattana ( Kannada:ಶ್ರೀರಂಗಪಟ್ಟಣ (also spelt Srirangapatna The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1798 &ndash 1799) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company [29]
The city had a peaceful administration under British rule and permanent visible improvements effected during this period. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. It flourished gradually in education and in industry and became a commercial centre for export and import trade. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In Economics, an export is any good or Commodity, Transported from one country to another country in a Legitimate fashion In Economics, an import is any good (eg a Commodity) or Service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion The opening of the Basel Mission in 1834 brought many industries into the city. The Basel Mission is a Christian Missionary society that operates around the world [30] The linking of Mangalore, in 1907, with the Southern Railway and later the advent of motor vehicles further increased the trade and communication with the city. Southern Railway is the first Railway Zone to be created in independent India. The Roman Catholic missions had done important work in education, health and social welfare. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity "Social welfare" redirects here For other uses see Welfare A social welfare provision refers to any program which seeks to provide [11]
After India's independence in 1947, Mangalore which was a part of the Madras Presidency was merged into a unified Mysore State in 1956. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St The Kingdom of Mysore was one of the three largest Princely states within the erstwhile British Empire of India. Thereafter, Mangalore gained a significant position in the state since it gave the erstwhile Mysore state the benefit of a coastline. The late twentieth century witnessed Mangalore develop as a business and commercial centre. However, Mangalore still retained its old world charm such as tile-roofed buildings amidst coconut groves, fishing boats silhouetted against the darkening skyline. The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Boating, the leisurely activity of traveling by Boat typically refers to the Recreational use of boats whether Power boats sail boats, or The present day city bustles with activities in the upcoming IT Sector and the prognosis of a prosperity in international trade looms. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support [31]
Geography and climate
Mangalore is located at in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state in India. PanamburRocksjpg|thumb|300px|right|View from tip of the Panambur Rocks]] Panambur ( Kannada, Tulu: ಪಣಂಬೂರು) is the name of place where New Mangalore Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [32] It has an average elevation of 99 metres (325 feet). The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit [33] It is situated on the west coast of India, with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghats to the east. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം Mangalore City spans an area of 111. 18 km² (42. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 93 mi²). The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. [34], while the total area included under the Mangalore City Corporation is 132. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. 45 km² (51. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 14 mi²). The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. [35] The Gurupura and Netravati rivers effectively encircle the city by flowing around its north and south respectively. Gurupura is a small town near the city of Mangalore in Karnataka, India. The Netravati River ( Kannada: ನೇತ್ರಾವತಿ ನದಿ) (or Nethravathi River) has its origins at Gangamoola at Samse in Chikkamagaluru Both rivers form an estuary at the southern side of the city and flow into the Arabian sea. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open [36] Mangalore experiences moderate to gusty winds during day time and gentle winds at night. Wind is the flow of Air or other Gases that compose an Atmosphere (including but not limited to the Earth's) [37] The geology of the city is characterized by hard laterite in hilly tracts and sandy soil along the seashore. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Laterite (from the Latin word "later" meaning brick or tile is a surface formation in hot and wet tropical areas which is enriched in Iron and Aluminium Sand is a naturally occurring Granular material composed of finely divided rock and Mineral particles Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel [38] The Government of India has identified Mangalore as a moderately earthquake-prone urban centre and categorized the city in the Seismic III Zone as per the vulnerability atlas of 2002. [39]
Mangalore lies on the backwaters formed by the Netravati and Gurupura rivers. The Netravati River ( Kannada: ನೇತ್ರಾವತಿ ನದಿ) (or Nethravathi River) has its origins at Gangamoola at Samse in Chikkamagaluru Gurupura is a small town near the city of Mangalore in Karnataka, India. The city has long been a roadstead along the Malabar Coast. A roadstead is a place outside a Harbor where a Ship can lie at Anchor. Malabar (മലബാര് is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. [15] The coastline of the city is dotted with several beaches, such as Mukka beach, Panambur beach, Tannirbavi beach, KREC beach and Someshwara beach. Mukka is suburb of Mangalore city on the shore of Arabian sea. PanamburRocksjpg|thumb|300px|right|View from tip of the Panambur Rocks]] Panambur ( Kannada, Tulu: ಪಣಂಬೂರು) is the name of place where New Mangalore Vegetation is predominantly coconut trees, palm trees, Ashoka trees along with others. Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region it refers to the Ground cover provided by plants The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering The Ashoka tree (lit "sorrow-less" ( Saraca indica L or S The city has still preserved much of its green cover compared with other Indian cities. [40]
Mangalore experiences tropical climate. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 Summer and winter are similar in the city, and both are quite gratifying with an average temperature ranging between 27 °C (81 °F) to 34 °C (93 °F). Humidity is a problem here as it reaches an average of about 78%. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. [33] The city belongs to the Per-Humid (A) Zone and is under the direct influence of the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoon. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months It receives about 90% of its total annual rainfall within a period of about six months from May to October while it is extremely dry from December to March. Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to [41] The annual precipitation in Mangalore is 4242. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 5 millimetres (167 in). The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. [42]
The most pleasant months in Mangalore are from December to February – during which time the humidity and temperature are the lowest by Mangalore standards. [31] Day time temperatures fall below 30 °C (86 °F) and night time temperatures fall below 20 °C (68 °F). This season is soon followed by a hot summer season from March to May, when temperatures rise as high as 38 °C (100 °F). This is then followed by the monsoon season. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months The city receives heavy rainfall compared with other urban centres in India. [31][43] Rain measuring up to 4,000 millimetres (157 in) falls during the period from June to September. The rains subside in September, with the occasional rainfall in October.
Economy
Mangalore's economy is dominated by the agricultural processing and port-related activities. Mangalore 's economy is dominated by agricultural processing and port-related activities Mukka is suburb of Mangalore city on the shore of Arabian sea. [44] New Mangalore Port is India's 9th largest cargo handling port handling 75% of India’s coffee exports and the bulk of its cashew nuts. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom [5] Mangalore roof tiles are well-known throughout India and still define the city's skyline. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [45] Mangalore is home to the automobile leaf spring industry. Originally called laminated or carriage spring, a leaf spring is a simple form of spring, commonly used for the suspension in [44] The Canara Workshops Ltd. and Lamina Suspension Products Ltd. are well known leaf spring industries. The Baikampady and Yeyyadi Industrial areas harbour several small scale industries. Baikampady is a place north of Panambur in Dakshina Kannada district [34] Imports include tropical timber from South-East Asia for furniture making. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or [46] The city is also one of the chief entry points for wood to South India. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union [47] Beedi rolling is a cottage industry well-known in Mangalore. [44] The major industries are Mangalore Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd. (MCF), Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd. (KIOCL), Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. (MRPL), BASF, ELF Gas. This is a fertilizer factory located in Mangalore opposite the New Mangalore Port on the other side of the national highway NH-17. Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd is a Govt of India enterprise having its head office in Bangalore. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL located at Katipalla, north from centre of Mangalore city is a State-of-the-art Grassroot Refinery BASF SE () is a German chemical company and the largest chemical company in the world Major information technology and outsourcing companies like Infosys, Wipro, MPhasis BPO, First American Corporation have started locating their facilities here. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Outsourcing is Subcontracting a process such as product design or Manufacturing, to a Third-party company Infosys Technologies Limited () is a multinational Information technology services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. Wipro Technologies ( is an Information technology service company established in India in 1980 MphasiS is an Information technology and Business process outsourcing (BPO company based in Bangalore, India. This article is about The First American Corporation for the similarly named banks see First American National Bank The First American Corporation [48]
Three dedicated IT parks are upcoming. Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd is a Govt of India enterprise having its head office in Bangalore. Two of those parks are under construction, one Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) at Ganjimutt and a second IT Special Economic Zone (SEZ) near Mangalore University. A Special Economic Zone ( SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws Mangalore University (ಮಂಗಳೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ (MU is a public university located in Konaje (18-KiloMeters away from main city A third IT SEZ is being proposed at Ganjimutt. [49] Another IT SEZ of 2 million square feet (180,000 m²) is under construction at Thumbe by the BA group. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thumbe ( Kannada: ತುಂಬೆ) is a Census town in Dakshina Kannada district [50] The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) plans to invest over Rs. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited ( ONGC) (incorporated on June 23, 1993) is an Indian Public sector petroleum company 35,000 crore in a new 15 million tonne refinery, petrochemical plant and power and LNG plants at the Mangalore Special Economic Zone. This will be the first Petroleum, Chemicals, Petrochemicals Investment Region (PCPIR) of the country[51], with similar PCPIR's existing at Nayachar in West Bengal, Panipat in Haryana and Achutapuram in Andhra Pradesh. Nayachar ( নয়াচর is an island in the Hooghly River, off Haldia in Purba Medinipur in the Indian state West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Panipat ( Hindi: पानीपत is an ancient and historic city in Panipat District, Haryana (हरियाणा Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ hərɪjaːɳaː is a state in northern India. Achutapuram is a village and a Mandal in Visakhapatnam district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd a special purpose vehicle under the Oil Industry Development Board [52][53], has decided to construct strategic crude oil reserves at Mangalore and two other places in India. A special purpose entity ( SPE) (sometimes especially in Europe " special purpose vehicle " or simply SPV) is a body corporate (usually a Global strategic petroleum reserves ("GSPR" refer to crude oil inventories (or stockpiles held by the government of a particular country as well as private industry Out of the proposed 5 Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum (MMTPA) [54] storage 1. 5 MMTPA would be at Mangalore, 1 MMTPA at Visakhapatnam, and 2. Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port 5 MMTPA at Padur near Mangalore. According to an International edition of India Today (November 28 – December 4, 2006), Mangalore is the fastest growing non metro in South India followed by Kochi. India Today is an Indian weekly Newsmagazine published by Living Media India Limited, in publication since 1975. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union
Corporation Bank[55], Canara Bank[56] and Vijaya Bank[57] were the three nationalised banks established in Mangalore during the first half of the 20th century. Corporation Bank, founded in 1906 in Udupi, Karnataka state, India, is one of the Indian banks in Public Sector Undertaking. History Canara Bank, established in 1906 as Canara Bank Hindu Permanent Fund in Mangalore, India, by Ammembal Subba Rao Pai History Vijaya Bank, a medium sized bank with presence across India was founded on 23rd October 1931 by the late Shri Karnataka Bank, founded in Mangalore was one of the largest banks not taken over by the Government. Karnataka Bank Limited a private sector bank in India was incorporated on February 18th 1924 at Mangalore, a coastal town of Dakshina Kannada district in [58]
The boat building and fishing industry have been core businesses in Mangalore for generations. Boat building, one of the oldest branches of Engineering, is concerned with constructing the hulls of boats and for Sailboats the masts For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Mangalore also has a fishing port, also called as Old Mangalore port or Hale Bandaru(in Kannada) located at Bunder where a number of mechanised boats used for fishing are anchored. The fishing industry employs thousands of people, and their products are exported from around the region. Mangalorean firms have had a major presence in the tile, beedi, coffee and cashew nut industry, although the tile industry has been in decline due to the predominance of concrete in the modern construction. A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as Ceramic, stone, metal or even Glass. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale; Syn Anacardium curatellifolium A A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as Ceramic, stone, metal or even Glass. Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag [48][44]
Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Mangalore had a population of 398,745. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population [59] As of the same census, the urban area had a population of 538,560. [60] and the area under the Mangalore City Corporation had a population of 419,306. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. [35] According to World Gazetteer, Mangalore's estimated population in 2008 was 431,976, making it the 101th most populous city in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [61] As of the same extrapolations, the World Gazetteer estimated the population of the Mangalore urban area to be 603,269, making it the 61th most populated urban area in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [62] The number of males were 200,234, constituting 50% of the population and the number of females were 198,511, constituting 50% of the population. The Decadal Growth Rate was 45. 90. [59] The male literacy is 86% and female literacy is 79%. In Mangalore, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mangalore has an average literacy rate of 83%, which is much higher than the national average of 59. 5%. [63] The Birth rate was 13. Crude birth rate is the natality or Childbirths per 1000 people per year 72%, the Death rate was 3. Mortality rate is a measure of the number of Deaths (in general or due to a specific cause in some population scaled to the size of that population per unit time 71% and the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 1. Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of Infants (one year of age or younger per 1000 live births 24%. [64] Growing number of slums has been a cause of concern in Mangalore. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security The Mangalore urban area had 32 recognised slums within the City Corporation limits. Nearly 22,000 migrant labourers lived in slums within the city limits. [65][66]
Mangalore is a multi-cultural and multi-lingual city that speaks four local languages Tulu, Konkani, Kannada and Beary apart from Hindi, Urdu and English. St Aloysius Chapel is a Chapel in Mangalore in the state of Karnataka in southwest India. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Hinduism is followed by large number of the population. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Among the indigenous Hindus, the Dalits, Mogaveeras, Billavas and Bunts form the largest groups. Dalit is a self designation for group of people of South Asian descent who were traditionally regarded as untouchables or low Caste. Mogaveeras are the major fishing community in coastal Karnataka, India. Billava is one of the largest Hindu communities of Tulu and also found among Kannada speaking Kundapura region of Karnataka and Kota brahmins, Shivalli Brahmins, Havyaka Brahmins, GSBs (Goud Saraswat Brahmins), Daivajna brahmins and Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins also form a considerable portion of the Hindu population. Kota Brahmin s hail from the Kundapur and surrounding areas of Udupi district in Karnataka. Shivalli is a place near Udupi in the state of Karnataka in southern India Goud (also written as Gowd or Gaud Saraswat Brahmins are a Konkani or Marathi speaking Hindu Brahmin community in India Daivajna ( Sanskrit: दैवज्ञ also spelled Daivadnya and pronounced Daivagna in Karnataka Daivadnya in Goa and Maharshtra) Rajapur/Bhalavalikar Gauda Saraswat Brahmans (RSB, as they are known belong to the "Pancha (five Gauda Brahmana" groups or "Gaudadi Panchakas" A significant part of the population of Mangalore consists of followers of Christianity. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Konkani-speaking Catholics and Born Again Christians are the highest in number among the Christians, popularly known as Mangalorean Catholics. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Mangalorean Catholics ( Konkani: Kodialche Katholik) are Roman Catholics from Mangalore, a region on the southwestern coast of India The Protestants consist of people speaking Kannada. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state Muslims constitute minority of the population, among them Beary form the 80% of total Muslim population and speak their own dialect called Beary bashe. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Beary (also known as Byari) is a small Muslim community concentrated mostly in coastal South Kanara ( Dakshina Kannada) district of Karnataka There is also sizeable group of people who were basically land owners, following Jainism. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India.
Culture
- See also: Tulu Nadu (Culture)
A resident of Mangalore is known as a Mangalorean in English, Kudladaru in Tulu, Kodialgharano in Catholic Konkani, Kodialchi or Manglurchi in GSB Konkani and Manglurnavaru in Kannada. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Yakshagana ( Kannada:ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ pronounced as yaksha-gaana) is a classical Folk art form of the state of Karnataka in India Mangalore ( IPA:\ˈmaŋ-gə-ˌlȯr\ Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ Tulu Nadu ( Tulu: ತುಳುನಾಡ್ is a region on the south-western coast of Karnataka, India. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Mangalorean Catholics ( Konkani: Kodialche Katholik) are Roman Catholics from Mangalore, a region on the southwestern coast of India Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Goud (also written as Gowd or Gaud Saraswat Brahmins are a Konkani or Marathi speaking Hindu Brahmin community in India Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state The Srimanthi Bai Museum, which is located at Bejai, is the only museum of Mangalore. [67] The Bibliophile's Paradise, a hi-tech public library run by the Corporation Bank, is located at Mannagudda. A public library (also called circulating library) is a Library which is accessible by the Public and is generally funded from public sources (such Corporation Bank, founded in 1906 in Udupi, Karnataka state, India, is one of the Indian banks in Public Sector Undertaking. [68] The Mangala Stadium, which is the only full-fledged stadium in Dakshina Kannada, is located in Mangalore. Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal [69] The Yakshagana is a night-long dance and drama performance practiced in Mangalore with great fanfare. Yakshagana ( Kannada:ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ pronounced as yaksha-gaana) is a classical Folk art form of the state of Karnataka in India [70][71] Hulivesha (Tiger dance) is a unique form of folk dance in the city fascinating the young and the old alike, which is performed during Dasara and Krishna Janmashtami. Hulivesha (Tiger Dance is a folk dance which is unique to Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. Dasara, also called "Navaratri" is among the most important festivals celebrated in India. Krishna Janmashtami ( Devanagari कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी, also known as "Krishnashtami","Saatam Aatham"," Gokulashtami [72] Karadi Vesha (Bear Dance) is one more popular dance performed during Dasara in Mangalore. Dasara, also called "Navaratri" is among the most important festivals celebrated in India. [73] Bhuta Kola or spirit worship, which is usually done at night is practised here. Bhuta Kola ( Kannada:ಭೂತ ಕೋಲ or Holy Spirit Worship is an ancient form of worship prevalent among the Tulu-speaking community in Udupi, Kambala or buffalo race is conducted in water filled paddy fields. Kambala or Kamblā ( Kannada, Tulu: ಕಂಬಳ) is a rural sport prominent in districts of Udupi and Mangalore in Karnataka and Korikatta (Cockfight) is another favourite sport for the people. A cockfight is a Blood sport between two Roosters held in a ring called a cockpit Nagaradhane or Snake worship is practised in the city according to the popular belief of the Naga Devatha to go underground and guard the species on the top. Nagaradhane (ನಾಗಾರಾಧನೆ is a form of Snake worship which along with Bhuta Kola, is one of the unique traditions prevalent in coastal districts of Nāga ( नाग, IAST: nāgá, Indonesian: naga, Javanese: nogo, Khmer: neak) is [74]
Paddanas (Oral Epics) which are ballad-like folk epics narrated in Tulu are sung by the community of impersonators together with the rhythmic beats. Paād-danāas are songs rendered in Tulu language describing the origin and the deeds of the holy spirits [73] Some of the popular Beary songs are kolkai (sung during the play of kolata), unjal pat (sung while putting a child to cradle), moilanji pat and oppune pat (sung at weddings). The Beary (also known as Byari) is a small Muslim community concentrated mostly in coastal South Kanara ( Dakshina Kannada) district of Karnataka [75] The Eucharistic Procession is an annual Catholic religious procession led on the first Sunday of the New Year of the Gregorian calendar. The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The New Year is an event that happens when a Culture celebrates the end of one Year and the beginning of the next year The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today [73]
Popular festivals in the city are Dussera, Diwali, Christmas, Maha Shivratri, Easter, Navratri, Good Friday, Eid, Moharram, and Mahavir Jayanti. Dasara, also called "Navaratri" is among the most important festivals celebrated in India. Diwali, or Deepavali, (also called Tihar and Swanti in Nepal (Markiscarali is a major Indian and Nepalese festival and a significant Maha Shivratri or Maha Sivaratri or Shivaratri or Sivaratri ( Night of Shiva or "Great Night of Shiva" is a Hindu festival celebrated every year on Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Navratri ( Sanskrit: नवरात्रि is a Hindu Festival of worship and dance Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" Muharram ( Arabic: ar محرم is the first month of the Islamic calendar. In Jainism, Mahavir Jayanti is the most important religious Holiday. The Ganesh Chaturthi festival is celebrated every year by erecting statues, worshipping them and immersing them in water bodies. Ganesha Chaturthi ( IAST: Gaṇeśa Caturthī Devanagari: गणेश चतुर्थी or Ganesha Festival is a day on which Lord Ganesha Kodial Theru or Mangaluru Rathotsava (Mangalore Car Festival) is one of the major festivals of the GSB community, which celebrates the car festival of the Sri Venkatramana Temple. Goud (also written as Gowd or Gaud Saraswat Brahmins are a Konkani or Marathi speaking Hindu Brahmin community in India [76] Monti Fest is one of the major festivals of the Catholic community, celebrating the Nativity feast and the blessing of new crops. Mangalorean Catholics ( Konkani: Kodialche Katholik) are Roman Catholics from Mangalore, a region on the southwestern coast of India The Nativity of Mary is celebrated as a liturgical feast in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints and in most Anglican liturgical calendars on 8 September [77] The Jain Milan, a committee comprising of the Jain families of Mangalore, organise the Jain Food Festival annually with a view to bring together all the members of the Jain community. The Jains in India have been the last direct representatives of the Shramana tradition in India [78] People of all faiths participate in the Mosaru Kudike, which is a part of the celebrations to mark the Krishna Janmashtami festival. Krishna Janmashtami ( Devanagari कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी, also known as "Krishnashtami","Saatam Aatham"," Gokulashtami [79] The Aati festival, which commences from July 17 and runs up to August 15 is celebrated here to worship a spirit Kalanja, who is in charge of the protection of the village folk during the month of July-August. [80] Annual festivals are promoted during summer each year, to promote Karavali Utsav and Kudlostava which encourages the local cultural events. In 2006, the Tulu film festival was organized in Mangalore. [81]
Mangalorean cuisine is largely influenced by South Indian cuisine. Neer dosa (ನೀರು ದೋಸೆ is a dish prepared from Rice. South Indian Cuisine is a term used to refer to the cuisines found in the four southern states of India, namely Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Mangalorean curry uses a lot of coconut and curry leaves. The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family Curry is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes best known in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan Ginger, garlic and chili is also used in curry. Ginger is commonly used as a cooking spice throughout the world Allium sativum L, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the Onion family Alliaceae. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Mangalorean fish curry is known for its taste in the whole of Canara. Dishes of the Tulu community include Kori Rotti, Bangude Pulimunchi, Beeja-Manoli Upkari, Neer dosa, Boothai Gasi, Kadubu, and Patrode. The Tuluvas ( Tulu: ತುಳುವ are speakers of the Tulu language. Kori rotti is a popular Mangalorean dish a combination of red chili-based chicken curry and crispy crackling dry bread made from rice flakes Neer dosa (ನೀರು ದೋಸೆ is a dish prepared from Rice. Patrode is a dish made in coastal areas of the Karnataka state in India. The Konkani community has its specialities that include Daali thoy, beebe-upkari (cashew based), val val, avnas ambe sasam, Kadgi chakko. The Sanna-Dukra Maas (Sanna – idli fluffed with toddy or yeast; Dukra Maas – Pork) of the Catholics and the Mutton Biryani of the Muslims are well-known dishes. History Although the precise history of the modern idli is unknown it is a very old food in southern Indian cuisine Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic Microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with about 1500 Species currently described Pork' is the Culinary name for Meat from the domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa) often specifically the fresh meat but can be used as an all-inclusive Mangalorean Catholics ( Konkani: Kodialche Katholik) are Roman Catholics from Mangalore, a region on the southwestern coast of India Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of Domestic sheep. The meat of an animal in its first year is lamb; that of an older sheep is hogget Biryani, biriani, or beriani ( Nastaliq script: بریانی Devanagari script: बिरयानी Bengali script: িবিরয়ানी A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion An assortment of pickles like happala, sandige and puli munchi are unique to Mangalore. A pickled cucumber, most often simply called a pickle in the United States and Canada, is a Cucumber that has been pickled in a Shendi (toddy), a country liquor prepared from the coconut flower's sap is a well-known liquor of Mangalore. For the beverage made from the sap of various species of palm tree see Palm wine. [73] The vegetarian cuisine is same as Udupi cuisine. Udupi cuisine ( Kannada:ಉಡುಪಿ ಶೈಲಿಯ ಆಹಾರ) is a world-renowned Cuisine of South India. Since Mangalore is a coastal town, Fish forms the staple diet of most people. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two
Civic administration
The Mangalore City Corporation (MCC) (Mangalooru Mahanagarapalike in Kannada) is the municipal corporation in charge of the civic and infrastructural assets of the city. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. Lalbagh is situated about 5 km to the north of Hampankatta and is the most happening place in Mangalore these days The main office of the Mangalore City Corporation The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. The municipal limits start from Mukka in the north to Netravati river bridge in the south and western sea shore to Vamanjoor in the east. Mukka is suburb of Mangalore city on the shore of Arabian sea. The MCC council comprises 60 elected representatives, called corporators, one from each of the 60 wards (localities) of the city. Elections to the council are held once every five years, with results being decided by popular vote. One of the corporators from the majority party is selected as a Mayor. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government [38] The headquarters of Mangalore City Corporation is at Lalbagh. Lalbagh is situated about 5 km to the north of Hampankatta and is the most happening place in Mangalore these days The main office of the Mangalore City Corporation Its sub-offices are at Surathkal and Bikarnakatta. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Surathkal ( Tulu: ಸುರತ್ಕಲ್) is a locality under the city corporation of
Until the revision of Lok Sabha and the legislative constituencies by the Delimitation commission, Mangalore used to contribute two members to the Lok Sabha, one for the southern part of the city which fell under the Mangalore Lok Sabha Constituency and another for the northern part of the city which fell under the Udupi Lok Sabha Constituency. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India Delimitation commission or Boundary commission of India is a Commission established by Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India Additionally Mangalore used to send three members to the Karnataka State Legislative Assembly. Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers. With the revision, the entire Mangalore Taluk now falls under the Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency, resulting in Mangalore contributing to only one member of parliament. [82][83]
The Dakshina Kannada District Police is responsible for the law and order maintenance in Mangalore. The department is headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP). Superintendent ( Supt) often shortened to "Super" is a rank in British police services and in most English-speaking Commonwealth nations Mangalore also hosts the headquarters of the Western Range Police, covering the western districts of Karnataka and is headed by an Inspector General of Police (IGP). Karnataka state comprises 29 districts grouped into four divisions [84]
Education
Pre-collegiate medium of instruction in schools is predominantly Kannada, with English and Kannada in the non Government run schools. This is a partial list of Educational institutions in Mangalore. The National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, popularly known as KREC, is a premier autonomous University along the western shores of India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Surathkal ( Tulu: ಸುರತ್ಕಲ್) is a locality under the city corporation of Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Other mediums of instruction co-exist along with these two. The medium of instruction in educational institutions after matriculation in colleges is English. Recently, a committee of experts constituted by the Tulu Sahitya Academy suggested the inclusion of Tulu using Kannada script as a medium of instruction in education. The Kannada script is a Syllabary (of the type sometimes called an Abugida) of the Brahmic family, primarily to write the Kannada language [85]
Schools and colleges in Mangalore either are government-run or run by private trusts and individuals. The schools are affiliated either with the Karnataka State Board, Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), or the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) boards. The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education ( ICSE) examination is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations for After completing ten years of schooling in secondary education, the students mostly enroll at Higher Secondary School specializing in one of the three streams – Arts, Commerce or Science. The term junior college refers to different educational institutions in different countries The term liberal arts refers to a particular type of educational Curriculum broadly defined as a Classical education. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Since the 1980s, there have been a large number of professional institutions established in a variety of fields including engineering, medicine, dentistry, Business management and hotel management. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Dentistry' is the "evaluation diagnosis prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical surgical or related procedures of diseases disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity Management (covering theory practice and scope of management and Manager' (covering the people who manage might help clarify and systematise This article is about hotel management in practice For academic study of hotel management see Hospitality management studies and Hospitality industry. These institutions attract students from all over the country due to the quality of their programs. [86]
On 10 September 1980, the Mangalore University was established. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Mangalore University (ಮಂಗಳೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ (MU is a public university located in Konaje (18-KiloMeters away from main city It caters to the higher educational needs of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu districts. Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal Udupi District ( Tulu:ಉಡುಪಿ) in the Karnataka state of India was created in August 1997 Kodagu ( Kannada:ಕೊಡಗು is a district of Karnataka State in Southern India. [87] This University has been Accredited at the 4 Star level by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). The National Assessment and Accreditation Council ( NAAC) is an accreditor and is an autonomous body funded by University Grants Commission of Government [88]
Media
Major national English newspapers like The Hindu, Deccan Herald, Times of India and Indian Express publish Mangalore editions. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper The Deccan Herald is the largest English-language daily Newspaper in the Indian state of Karnataka. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka The Madipu, Mogaveera, Samparka and Saphala are well known Tulu periodicals in Mangalore. [89] Popular Konkani periodicals published in the city are Rakno, Konknni Dirvem and Kannik. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST [90] Beary periodicals like Jyothi and Swatantra Bharata are also published from Mangalore. The Beary (also known as Byari) is a small Muslim community concentrated mostly in coastal South Kanara ( Dakshina Kannada) district of Karnataka Among Kannada newspapers, Udayavani, Vijaya Karnataka, Prajavani, Kannada Prabha and Varthabharathi are popular. The state of Karnataka in India has been in the fore-front of communication with the first private radio station being started in Mysore in the year 1935 Udayavani is a major Kannada daily newspaper which has its headquarters in Manipal, Karnataka. Vijaya Karnataka is a Kannada Newspaper. It is the largest circulated Kannada daily and published from a number of cities in Karnataka. Prajavani ( Kannada for Voice of the People) is a leading Kannada-language newspaper in the Indian Kannada Prabha a morning daily from the house of The New Indian Express Group is a major Kannada newspaper in Karnataka. Varathabharathi Also spelled as Vartha Baharathi or Vaartha Bhaarathi is a daily Newspaper published from Mangalore and Bangalore. Evening newspapers such as Karavali Ale, Mangalooru Mitra, Sanjevani and Jayakirana are also published in the city. Karavali Ale is a Kannada daily local newspaper published in Mangalore, Karnataka, India since 1992 The first Kannada newspaper Mangalore Samachara was published from Mangalore in 1843. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state [91]
The state run, nationally broadcast Doordarshan provides both national and localised television coverage. Doordarshan (दूरदर्शन literally Tele-Vision) is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati, a public Cable television providers air cable channels of independently owned private networks. Canara Tv transmits daily video news channels from Mangalore. [92] Mangalore is currently not covered by the Conditional Access System (CAS), but there is a proposal by V4 Media which is the local cable service provider, to provide this service to television viewers in Mangalore sometime in the future. A conditional access system (CAS is a system by which electronic transmission of Digital media, especially Satellite television signals through cable is limited [93] A very small number of people have subscribed to the Direct-to-Home (DTH) transmission service in the city being provided by two national DTH companies, Dish TV and Tata Sky. Direct broadcast satellite (DBS is a term used to refer to Satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception also referred to more broadly as direct-to-home Not to be confused with the American service Dish Network. Dish TV is India’s first direct to home entertainment service Tata Sky is a DTH satellite television provider in India,using MPEG-2 digital compression technology transmitting using INSAT 4A at 83 Cable TV services account for the rest of the users. [94] All India Radio (AIR) has a studio at Kadri that airs program for scheduled hours. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی Kadri ( Tulu / Kannada:ಕದ್ರಿ) is a location in Mangalore city within the Coproration limits Among the private players there are Radio Mirchi 98.3 FM, Big 92.7 FM, Superhitz 93.5 FM and 94. Radio Mirchi is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. Big FM is a nationwide private FM radio station in India owned by Indian businessman Anil Ambani. Red FM is an Indian FM radio brand with stations broadcasting at 93 3 Century FM. [95] Mangalore also has access to Commercial radio providers such as WorldSpace, Sirius and XM.
Mangalore is home to the Tulu Film Industry, which is still in its infancy, with only 31 films released to date and an average of about one film released each year. [96] Popular Tulu films are Kadala Mage and Suddha. Suddha also called The Cleansing Rites is an Indian film the first ever Tulu language film shot on the digital format In addition to this, the city has also contributed towards the Konkani Film Industry. A few Konkani movies have been shot in Mangalore. Tulu dramas are also quite popular among the public. Most of them are played in the Town Hall at Hampankatta. Hampankatta (pronounced as 'Hampanakatte' in Tulu or Kannada) is the heart of Mangalore city in Karnataka.
Transport
Mangalore's location makes it accessible by all forms of transport like road, rail, air and sea. National Highway 17, commonly referred to as NH 17, is a busy highway that runs roughly north-south along the western coast of India, parallel to Western ghats The Netravati River ( Kannada: ನೇತ್ರಾವತಿ ನದಿ) (or Nethravathi River) has its origins at Gangamoola at Samse in Chikkamagaluru A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. In Aviation, an airway is a designated route in the air Airways are laid out between navigation aids such as VORs NDBs and Intersections (NDB-based This article is about the body of water For other uses see SEA and Seas. Transport systems in Mangalore include private buses, KSRTC buses, trains, taxis and autorickshaws. About The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC was set up in the year 1961 with 1792 buses(Its fleet was also augmented with 800 Buses Nationalized from private A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another A taxis (plural taxes, ˈtæksiːz is an Innate behavioural response by an Organism to a directional stimulus. An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief
Three National Highways pass through Mangalore. NH-17, which runs from Panvel (in Maharashtra) to Kodungallur Junction (near Edapally in Kerala), passes through Mangalore in a north–south direction, while NH-48 runs eastward to Bangalore. National Highway 17, commonly referred to as NH 17, is a busy highway that runs roughly north-south along the western coast of India, parallel to Western ghats Panvel city and a Municipal council lies in Raigad district in India in state of Maharashtra. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Kodungallur (anglicised name Cranganore) is a city and a Municipality in the Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala Edappally is a fast growing suburb of Kochi/Cochin City in Kerala state Southern India. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; National Highway 48 or NH-48 connects Mangalore city with Bangalore city Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. NH-13 runs north-east from Mangalore to Solapur. National Highway 13 ( NH-13 starts at Solapur and ends at Mangaluru. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Solapur is a city and a Municipal corporation in south eastern Maharashtra, India [97] National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has taken the decision to upgrade the national highways connecting New Mangalore Port to Surathkal on NH-17 and B.C. Road junction on NH-48. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI is the national authority for the management of a network of over 60000 km of National Highways New Mangalore Port ( Kannada:ನವ ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಬಂದರು known by the name of New Mangalore Port Trust ( NMPT) is the only major port of Karnataka WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Surathkal ( Tulu: ಸುರತ್ಕಲ್) is a locality under the city corporation of National Highway 17, commonly referred to as NH 17, is a busy highway that runs roughly north-south along the western coast of India, parallel to Western ghats B C Road or Bantwal Cross Road is a place in Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, India. National Highway 48 or NH-48 connects Mangalore city with Bangalore city Under the port connectivity programme of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), a 37. The National Highways Development Project is a project to upgrade rehabilitate and widen major highways in India to a higher standard 5-kilometre (23. 3 mi) stretch of these highways will be upgraded from two-lane to four-lane roads. [98]
Mangalore's city bus service is operated by private operators, with routes covering the full extent of the city and beyond. There are two distinct sets of routes for the buses, with the city routes being covered by city buses, and the intercity routes being covered by service and express buses. Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) runs the long distance bus services from Mangalore to other parts of the state. About The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC was set up in the year 1961 with 1792 buses(Its fleet was also augmented with 800 Buses Nationalized from private White coloured taxis also traverse most of the city. A taxis (plural taxes, ˈtæksiːz is an Innate behavioural response by an Organism to a directional stimulus. Another mode for local transportation is the autorickshaw. An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief [99]
Some records show that Mangalore had rail connectivity way back in 1907. Mangalore was also the starting point of India’s longest rail route. [100] The city has two railway stations - Mangalore Central[101] (located at Hampankatta) and Mangalore Junction[102] (located at Kankanadi). Hampankatta (pronounced as 'Hampanakatte' in Tulu or Kannada) is the heart of Mangalore city in Karnataka. About Kankanadi Kankanadi or Kankanady ( Kannada, Tulu: ಕಂಕನಾಡಿ is a locality within municipal limits of Mangalore Many trains connect Shoranur and Coimbatore. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Shoranur ( Malayalam:ഷൊര്ണൂര് is a town and a Municipality in Coimbatore (கோயம்புத்தூர் also known as Kovai (கோவை is a major industrial city in India and the second largest city in the A metre gauge railway track was built through the Western Ghats in the east, connecting Mangalore with Hassan. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം The broad gauge track connecting Mangalore to Bangalore via Hassan is open for freight traffic since May 2006. Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. [103] Mangalore is also connected to Chennai through the Southern Railway. Southern Railway is the first Railway Zone to be created in independent India. There had been a strong need to connect Mangalore to Mumbai and hence the Konkan Railway came into being. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial The Konkan Railway (Railway SymbolKR is a company of the Indian Railways which operates along the Konkan coast of India. The project was completed in 1998 and since then the travel time to the north of the country has come down considerably. [104][105]
The Mangalore Harbour provides a connection by sea to the rest of the world. Currently dry, bulk and fluid cargos are handled by the New Mangalore Port. New Mangalore Port ( Kannada:ನವ ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಬಂದರು known by the name of New Mangalore Port Trust ( NMPT) is the only major port of Karnataka The port is also well equipped to handle Petroleum Oil Lubricants (POL), crude products and LPG containers. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Liquefied petroleum gas (also called LPG, GPL, LP Gas, or Autogas) is a mixture of Hydrocarbon Gases used as a Fuel [106] It is also the station for the Coast guard. A coast guard is a national organization responsible for various services at sea This artificial harbour is India's ninth largest cargo handling port. [107]
Mangalore International Airport (IATA: IXE) is near Bajpe, around 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of the city centre. Mangalore International Airport (formerly Bajpe Airport) is a domestic and International airport serving the coastal city of Mangalore, India Bajpe ( Kannada, Tulu:ಬಜ್ಪೆ)is a Census town in located close to Mangalore city in Dakshina Kannada district in It is the second airport in Karnataka to operate flights to international destinations after Bangalore. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. [108]. There are more than 20 flights per week from this airport carrying more than 7,494 passengers every week. [109]
Utility services
Electricity in Mangalore is regulated through the Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) and distribution is through Mangalore Electricity Supply Company (MESCOM). Kadri Park is a garden, 5 km from the city near AIR studios It is located in Kadri gudde ( meaning hill in Tulu) The Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited, also known as KPTCL is the sole Electricity transmission and distribution company in state of Karnataka. Mangalore Electricity Supply Company (abbreviated as MESCOM or Mesco) is an Indian electricity supplier to the districts of Karnataka: Dakshina Kannada [110] Like many cities in India, Mangalore experiences scheduled and unscheduled power cuts, especially over the summer, to allow electricity providers to meet the consumption demands of households as well as corporations. Major industries like Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals (MRPL) and Mangalore Chemicals and Fertilizers (MCF) have set up their own captive power plants. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL located at Katipalla, north from centre of Mangalore city is a State-of-the-art Grassroot Refinery This is a fertilizer factory located in Mangalore opposite the New Mangalore Port on the other side of the national highway NH-17.
Potable water to the city is supplied by MCC. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. [111] Almost all water is from the vented dam constructed across the Netravati River at Thumbe. The Netravati River ( Kannada: ನೇತ್ರಾವತಿ ನದಿ) (or Nethravathi River) has its origins at Gangamoola at Samse in Chikkamagaluru WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thumbe ( Kannada: ತುಂಬೆ) is a Census town in Dakshina Kannada district [112] The Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environment Management Project (KUDCEMP) aims to improve the safe water supply systems and reduce leakage and losses in the distribution system. [111] The official garbage dumping ground of Mangalore is in Vamanjoor. Vamanjoor is a small town which falls within the city corporation of Mangalore in Karnataka, India, it is located 15 km away from Mangalore city [113] The city generates an average of 175 Tons per day (TPD) of wastes which is handled by the Health Department of the Mangalore City Corporation. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. [38] The city has developed and maintains public parks such as Pilikula Nisargadhama, Kadri Park at Kadri, Tagore Park at Light House Hill, Gandhi Park at Gandhinagar. Pilikula Nisargadhama is picnic spot / hangout at Vamanjoor near Mangalore in Karnataka About Pilikula Lake Pilikula literally means Tiger's lake Kadri Park is a garden, 5 km from the city near AIR studios It is located in Kadri gudde ( meaning hill in Tulu) Kadri ( Tulu / Kannada:ಕದ್ರಿ) is a location in Mangalore city within the Coproration limits Gandhi Park is an upcoming English language film directed by Tom George Kolath about a young Indian girl living in Queens New York. [114] and Corporation Bank Park at Nehru Maidan to serve as public amenities.
Both GSM and CDMA mobile services are available in the city. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies The main service providers are BSNL, Airtel, Vodafone, Spice Telecom, Reliance Communications and Tata Indicom. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation Limited) is a Public sector communications company Bharti Airtel, formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (BTVL is India 's largest cellular service provider with more than 75 million subscribers as of August Vodafone is a Mobile network operator headquartered in Berkshire, England, UK. Spice Telecom is the Brand name of Spice Communications Limited a Mobile phone service provider in India Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm) along with Reliance Telecom and Flag Telecom, is part of Reliance Communications Ventures (RCoVL Introduction Tata Teleservices Limited (TTSL is a part of the Tata Group of companies an Indian conglomerate Fixed Line telecom services are offered by BSNL, Tata Indicom, Airtel and Reliance. Mangalore is the headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada Telecom District, the second largest Telecom District in Karnataka. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India [115] The Telecom Density in the city is 8. 74 per 100 population. [116] Prominent Broadband Internet service providers in the city include Tata, Airtel and DataOne[117] by BSNL. Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just Broadband, is high-speed Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access over a Modem The Tata Group ( Hindi: टाटा समूह is a multinational conglomerate based in Mumbai, India. Bharti Airtel, formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (BTVL is India 's largest cellular service provider with more than 75 million subscribers as of August BSNL Broadband is a broadband Internet service from state owned BSNL in India since 14th January 2005 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation Limited) is a Public sector communications company
Sister city
Mangalore has one sister city:
See also
References
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- ^ Mangalore - Location Map (City Pincode). www. mangalore-karnataka. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ STD codes of India. PPP Infotech Ltd. . Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
- ^ List of RTOs. AICDA (All India Car Dealers Association). Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ a b Explore Karnataka–A 14 Night Itinerary Including Bangalore, Mysore, Nagarhole, Coorg, Gokarna and Hampi. ellison roberts. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
- ^ "Mahatobhara Shree MangalaDevi Temple, Mangalore", Our Karnataka. com. Retrieved on 2006-11-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat
- ^ Mangalore–The City Name. Mangalore City Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
- ^ Mangalore. India Travel Guide. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ "They will be Belagavi, Mangalooru, Mysuru", The Hindu, 2005-12-19. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
- ^ Sultan Battery – built by Tippu Sultan was known as Sultan’s Battery. MangaloreMithr. com. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
- ^ a b c d e Mangalore-Brief History. Mangalore City Corporation. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography (1897) pp. 358–373. Book 11. The Tertullian Project. Retrieved on 2007-05-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ Kodungallur – The Cradle of Christianity in India. Indian Christianity. com. Retrieved on 2007-05-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ My Research into Lost Civilization of Tulu. Tulu Research Institute for Esoteric Physics. Retrieved on 2007-03-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
- ^ a b About Mangalore. Mangalore Central. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
- ^ The Kadambas of Banavasi. OurKarnataka. Com,Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Alupa Dynasty. www. india9. com.
- ^ A Quick Guide to the World History of Globalization. School of Arts & Sciences – University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ Mr. Arthikaje. Karnataka History. OurKarnataka. Com,Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Vinay Pais. Copper Inscriptions of Vijayanagar Empire Found in Barkur. Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ St. Mary's Island Beach. BharatOnline. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- ^ Suryakant Kamath. The Origin and Spread of Gauda Saraswats - Part I. Saraswat Vol. 1 No. 1. Retrieved on 2008-04-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne
- ^ Mr. Joe Lobo. Sarasvati's Children. Indian Catholic Association of Florida, Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-04-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne
- ^ M V Kamath. How Catholics settled in Mangalore. www. indiainfo. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne
- ^ Mangalore. BookRags. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Tipu Sultan. Renaissance. com. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ Treaty of Mangalore between Tipu Sultan and the East India Company, 11 March 1784. Project South Asia. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Second Anglo - Mysore War (1780-1784). Sify Ltd. . Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ 1799: Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. Sify Ltd. . Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ John B. Monteiro. Mangalore: Comtrust Carries On Basel’s Mission. Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Retrieved on 2008-03-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.
- ^ a b c Mangalore. Ukisoft, Corp. . Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mangalore
- ^ a b Mangalore, India. Weatherbase. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ a b Mangalore, The Land of Temples and More. OurKarnataka. Com,Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ a b Mangalore City Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
- ^ Description of Environment (Water Environment) (DOC, 2. In Computing, DOC or doc (an abbreviation of ' Document ' is a File extension for Word processing documents most commonly for 52 MB). A megabyte is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 106 (1000000 Bytes or 220 (1048576 bytes depending on Mangalore City Corporation. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. Retrieved on 2008-03-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.
- ^ K M Balakrishna, Y Narayana and Anitha Kumari. Meteorological Measurements of Mangalore Region for ARMEX Programme (Observations and Data Analysis) (PDF, 320 kB). A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 Department of Physics (Mangalore University). Mangalore University (ಮಂಗಳೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ (MU is a public university located in Konaje (18-KiloMeters away from main city Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
- ^ a b c Integrated Solid Waste Management Operation & Maintenance report (DOC, 964 kB). In Computing, DOC or doc (an abbreviation of ' Document ' is a File extension for Word processing documents most commonly for A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 Mangalore City Corporation. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
- ^ Ensure that builders comply with safety norms, forum urges MCC. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Mangalore. Must See India. Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
- ^ Some aspects of water balance in the tropical monsoon climates of India (PDF, 466 kB). A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 CIG – Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
- ^ Urbanisation and Urban Sprawl. Environmental Information System (Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ A. K. Mishra, C. Gnanaseelan and P. Seetaramayya. A study of rainfall along the west coast of India in relation to low level jet and air–sea interactions over the Arabian Sea (PDF, 522 kB). A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune. Pune (ˈpuːneɪ Marathi: पुणे Hindi: पूना formerly Poona, is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra Retrieved on 2008-03-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.
- ^ a b c d South Scan (Mangalore, Karnataka). CMP Media LLC. Retrieved on 2008-03-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
- ^ Savitha Suresh Babu. Tiles for style. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
- ^ Mangalore - City in Karnataka State, India. Glorious India. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
- ^ Kerala's timber market sustained by importse. NDTV Profit. NDTV Profit is a business news channel started by New Delhi Television in January 2005 Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
- ^ a b Mangalore takes over as the new SEZ destination. Times Internet Limited. Retrieved on 2008-03-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
- ^ Proposed MSEZ Site and Existing Industries (DOC, 790 kB). In Computing, DOC or doc (an abbreviation of ' Document ' is a File extension for Word processing documents most commonly for A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 Mangalore City Corporation. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ "Two more plans for EPIP cleared", The Hindu, 2006-08-31. The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Retrieved on 2006-09-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
- ^ "ONGC's huge outlay for Mangalore SEZ", The Hindu, 2006-09-19. The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Retrieved on 2006-09-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
- ^ "Strategic oil reserves to come directly under Govt", Business Line, 2006-04-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment
- ^ "Strategic crude reserve gets nod", The Hindu, 2006-01-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment
- ^ "India to form crude oil reserve of 5 mmt", The Economic Times, 2007-06-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment
- ^ History. Corporation Bank. Corporation Bank, founded in 1906 in Udupi, Karnataka state, India, is one of the Indian banks in Public Sector Undertaking. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
- ^ Cheque truncation process from April, says Leeladhar. The Hindu. The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
- ^ Vijaya Bank. iloveindia. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
- ^ History. Karnataka Bank. Karnataka Bank Limited a private sector bank in India was incorporated on February 18th 1924 at Mangalore, a coastal town of Dakshina Kannada district in Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
- ^ a b Population of Corporation/CMC/TMC/TP (Population 2001 Census). Directorate of Municipal Administration, Bangalore. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
- ^ India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population. World Gazetteer. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ India: metropolitan areas. World Gazetteer. Retrieved on 2008-01-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate.
- ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
- ^ Description of Environment (Socio-economic Environment) (DOC, 6. In Computing, DOC or doc (an abbreviation of ' Document ' is a File extension for Word processing documents most commonly for 35 MB). A megabyte is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 106 (1000000 Bytes or 220 (1048576 bytes depending on Mangalore City Corporation. The Mangalore City Corporation is the civic body that governs the city of Mangalore. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ Growing number of slums in Mangalore a cause for concern. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-03-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
- ^ Slums mushrooming in port city. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-03-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
- ^ Srimanthi Bai Museum is in a shambles. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ Raviprasad Kamila. It's a treasure of books. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Minister keen on improving sports infrastructure. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
- ^ Yakshagana. SZCC, Tamil Nadu. . Retrieved on 2007-12-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways
- ^ Plunkett, Richard (2001). South India. Lonely Planet, 53. ISBN 1864501618.
- ^ "Human `tigers' face threat to health", Times of India, 2001-10-26. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Retrieved on 2007-12-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways
- ^ a b c d Stephen D'Souza. What's in a Name?. daijiworld. com. Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth
- ^ Nagarapanchami Naadige Doddadu. Mangalorean. Com. Retrieved on 2008-01-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
- ^ Beary Sahitya Academy set up. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-01-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
- ^ Shri Venkataramana Temple (Car Street, Mangalore). OurKarnataka. Com,Inc. Retrieved on 2008-03-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
- ^ John B. Monteiro. Monti Fest Originated at Farangipet – 240 Years Ago!. daijiworld. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ Amrita Nayak. Food for thought. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor
- ^ `Mosaru Kudike' brings in communal harmony. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
- ^ Mangalore - Festivals. www. mangalore-karnataka. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ Tulu film festival. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ "New Assembly constituencies", DaijiWorld. com, 2007-07-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Retrieved on 2007-09-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians
- ^ "Assembly constituencies proposed by Delimitation Commission", The Hindu, 2006-05-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Retrieved on 2007-09-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians
- ^ The Indian Police Service (Fixation of Cadre Strenght) Regulations, 1955. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
- ^ `Use Kannada script to teach Tulu now'. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Education Mangalore. Education Mangalore (The Encyclopedia of Education). Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
- ^ Mangalore University. Retrieved on 2008-03-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.
- ^ Mangalore University has been Accredited at the 4 Star level by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).. Mangalore University. Mangalore University (ಮಂಗಳೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ (MU is a public university located in Konaje (18-KiloMeters away from main city Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
- ^ 'Madipu' literary competitions. Deccan Herald. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor
- ^ J. B. Moraes. A Brief History of Konkani Periodicals. konkaniworld. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor
- ^ Herr Kannada. Deccan Herald. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor
- ^ Daily Video News Channels from Mangalore. Canara Tv - World On your Desktop. Retrieved on 2008-01-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate.
- ^ Mangalore: Channel V4 to offer Conditional Access system. Mangalorean. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
- ^ Good response for DTH in Mangalore. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ Radio Stations in Karnataka, India. ASIAWAVES – Radio and TV Broadcasting in South and South-East Asia. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor
- ^ Tulu Cinema at 35. Ee Prapancha. Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
- ^ Indian National Highways. Indianetzone. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ "4-lane road project in Mangalore likely to be completed in 30 months", Hindu Business Line, 2005-10-07. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Retrieved on 2006-10-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees
- ^ Mangalore. Rotary Club of Mangalore. Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
- ^ Mangalore was once the starting point of India’s longest rail route. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Mangalore Central Railway Station. www. india9. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Mangalore Junction Railway Station. www. india9. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ "Mangalore -Hassan rail line open for freight traffic", Hindu Business Line, 2006-05-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Retrieved on 2006-10-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees
- ^ The Beginning (PDF, 117 kB). A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 Konkan Railway Corporation Limited. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Konkan Railway. Tourism of Goa. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Mangalore- Port. www. mangalore-karnataka. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
- ^ "New Mangalore Port". Retrieved on 2006-10-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees
- ^ Intl services begin at Mangalore airport. The Hindu Business Line. . Retrieved on 2008-02-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland
- ^ Flights to Mangalore, India - City Air Travel Fact Sheet. FareCompare. com LP. Retrieved on 2008-03-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor.
- ^ About Us. Mangalore Electricity Supply Company (MESCOM). Mangalore Electricity Supply Company (abbreviated as MESCOM or Mesco) is an Indian electricity supplier to the districts of Karnataka: Dakshina Kannada Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
- ^ a b ‘Social relevance of decision making’ – A case study of water supply and waste water management in Mangalore, Coastal Karnataka, India. (PDF, 22. 2 kB). A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 The International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
- ^ "No funds crunch to tackle water scarcity in Dakshina Kannada", The Hindu Business Line, 2005-04-21. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
- ^ "Vamanjoor dumpyard turns killer", Times Internet Limited, 2002-12-088 Dec 2002. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ "Gandhi Nagar park gets a new lease of life", Times of India, 2003-09-07. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Retrieved on 2008-03-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
- ^ Dakshina Kannada Telecom District. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (Karnataka Telecom Circle). Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation Limited) is a Public sector communications company Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Fact Sheet. STPI (Mangalore). Software Technology Parks of India ( STPI) is a Government agency in India, established in 1991 under the Ministry of Communications and Retrieved on 2008-04-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
- ^ BSNL launches broadband service. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
- ^ Hamilton Ontario Sister Cities. Retrieved on 2007-12-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways
Further reading
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External links
 | This article contains Indic text. The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries (writing systems used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia, Without rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Indic characters; or irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated |
- Mangalore City Corporation Website
- Mangalore City Website
- Mangalore travel guide from Wikitravel
- Mangalore Portal
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