Iran

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Iran

Constitution Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad First Vice President Parviz Davoodi Assembly of Experts Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Majlis of Iran (Parliament) Ali Larijani Guardian Council Ahmad Jannati Expediency Council Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Judicial system of Iran Mahmoud Shahroudi Supreme National Security Council Saeed Jalili City and Village Councils Military of Iran Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar Ministry of Intelligence and Security Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei Ministry of Petroleum of Iran Gholam Hossein Nozari National Iranian Oil Company Agriculture of Iran Mohammad Reza Eskandari Central Bank of Iran Tahmasb Mazaheri Elections Recent: Experts (2006), Local (2006) Legislative (2008) Provinces (ostānhā) Counties (shahrestānhā) Political parties Foreign relations

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The Majlis of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی, lit. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber Ali Ardashir Larijani (علی اردشیر لاریجانی born 1958 is an Iranian philosopher politician and the chairman/speaker of the Iranian parliament. The Islamic Society of Engineers ( Jame'e-ye Eslaami-e Mohandesin, جامعهٔ اسلامی مهندسین ISE, is a political organization in Iran, a Baharestan ( is the name given to the historic Iranian parliament (majlis building inaugurated in 1906 (see Iranian Constitutional Revolution) Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The politics and government of Iran takes place in the framework of a Republic with an Islamic ideology The Constitution of the Islamic Republic The post of Supreme Leader ( Persian: رهبر انقلاب Rahbare Enqelab, lit (fa علی حسینی خامنه‌ای born 17 July 1939 also known as Ali Khamenei, is an Iranian Azeri politician and cleric The President of Iran is the highest elected official in the Islamic Republic of Iran, second only to the Supreme Leader. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (محمود احمدی‌نژاد; born October 28, 1956) is the sixth and current President of the Islamic Republic of Iran Vice President of Iran is defined by article 124 of the Iranian constitution, as anyone appointed by the President to lead an organization related to the Presidential Parviz Davoodi (پرويز داوودي Parviz Dâvudi) (born 1952 in Tehran) is the current First Vice President of Iran (since September 11 The Assembly of Experts (also Assembly of Experts of the Leadership) of Iran ( Persian: مجلس خبرگان رهبری Majles-e-Khobregan or Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ( Persian:اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī) Hashemi Bahramani Ali Ardashir Larijani (علی اردشیر لاریجانی born 1958 is an Iranian philosopher politician and the chairman/speaker of the Iranian parliament. The Guardian Council of the Constitution (شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی or Guardian Council and also Council of Guardians is an appointed and Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati Massah ( born 1926 in Esfahan) is an Iranian Ayatollah and political figure. The Expediency Discernment Council of the System ( is an administrative assembly appointed by the Supreme Leader and was created upon the revision to the Constitution Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ( Persian:اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī) Hashemi Bahramani A nationwide judicial system in Iran was first implemented and established by Ali Akbar Davar and some of his contemporaries such as Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Ayatollah Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi (آیت‌الله سید محمود هاشمی شاهرودی (Born 1948 in Najaf, Iraq) is an Iranian Supreme National Security Council (شورای عالی امنیت ملی is the National Security Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the current secretary of Saeed Jalili, also spelled as Said Jalilee, Said Jalili and Saiid Jalili ( born 1965 in Mashhad) is an Iranian politician and the City and Village Councils (full title is Provincial City District and Village Councils are local councils which are elected by public vote in all cities and villages throughout The Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (نيروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ايران include the IRIA (ارتش جمهوری اسلامی Mostafa Mohammad Najjar ( is the defense minister of Iran. At 49 he is a veteran of the Revolutionary Guards since the establishment of the body in 1980 where he The Ministry of Intelligence and National Security ( Persian: وزارت اطلاعات و امنیت کشور Vezarat-e Ettela'at va Amniat-e Keshvar) is the Hojjatol-Islam Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejeie (born in the Isfahan province circa 1956) is the current head of the Ministry of Intelligence in Iran The Iranian constitution prohibits the granting of petroleum rights on a concessionary basis or direct equity stake Gholam Hossein Nozari is the present Minister of Petroleum (or Oil Minister) of Iran. The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is an Oil and Natural gas producer and distributor headquartered Roughly one-third of Iran 's total surface area is suited for farmland but because of poor soil and lack of adequate water distribution in many areas most of it is not under cultivation Mohammad Reza Eskandari is the Minister of Agriculture of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ايران Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islami Iran) is the Central bank Iran elects on national level a Head of government (the president) a Legislature (the Majlis) and an " Assembly of Experts " (which The Iranian Assembly of Experts election of 2006 was held on December 15, 2006. The Iranian City and Village Councils election of 2006 took place on December 15, 2006. Legislative elections for Majlis of Iran were held on 14 March 2008, with a second round held on 25 April 2008. Iran is subdivided into thirty provinces ( Persian: استان ostān, plural استان‌ها ostānhā) each governed from a local center The provinces of Iran further subdivided into counties called shahrestan ( Persian: شهرستان shahrestān) an area inside an ostan List of political parties in Iran Political parties in Iran gives information on the political parties in Iran. Foreign relations of Iran refers to inter-governmental connections between Iran and other countries Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent Islamic Consultative Assembly), also called The Iranian Parliament, is the national legislative body of Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Majlis currently has 290 representatives, changed from the previous 270 seats since the February 18, 2000 election. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

The current speaker of parliament is Ali Larijani, with first deputy speaker Mohammad Reza Bahonar and second deputy speaker Mohammad Hassan Aboutorabi-Fard. Ali Ardashir Larijani (علی اردشیر لاریجانی born 1958 is an Iranian philosopher politician and the chairman/speaker of the Iranian parliament. Mohammad Reza Bahonar (محمدرضا باهنر in Persian) is the conservative First Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Iran The presiding board member is Mousa Qorbani. Hojjatol-Islam Mousa Qorbani is a Conservative Islamic Mullah who serves (as of 2007 as the presiding board member in the Islamic Consultative Assembly

Pre-Revolution Majlis - National Consultative Assembly

The original Majlis Building ca. 1956.

See also: Iranian Constitutional Revolution

Before the Islamic Revolution, Majlis was also the name of the lower house of the Iranian Legislature from 1906 to 1979, the upper house being the Senate. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution (also known as the Persian Constitutional Revolution or Constitutional Revolution of Iran) took place between 1905 and 1911 The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed A lower house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Upper house. An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. The Senate House of Iran (Kakh-e Majles-e Sena was the Upper house legislative chamber during the Pahlavi dynasty and was disbanded after the Islamic Revolution

It was created by the Iran Constitution of 1906 and first convened on 1906-10-06 (Iranian Calendar: 1285-Mehr-13,^[1]), soon gaining power under the rule of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The Iran Constitution of 1906 was Iran's first constitution that resulted from the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical Noteworthy bills passed by the Majlis under the Pahlavi Dynasty include the Oil Nationalization Bill (March 15, 1951) and the Family Protection Law (1967), which gave women many basic rights such as custody of children in case of divorce. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January

Women were not allowed to vote or be elected to the Majlis until 1963, as part of reforms under the Shah's "White Revolution". The White Revolution (انقلاب سفید Enghelāb-e Sefid) was a far-reaching series of reforms launched in 1963 by the last Shah of Iran The reforms were regarded as dangerous, Westernizing trends by traditionalists, especially by the powerful Shia religious leaders, including Ayatollah Khomeini. Seyyed Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini ( Persian:, pronounced muːsæviː-je xomejniː}}( September 24, 1902 – June 3 1989 The events led to a revolt on June 5, 1963 and the exile of Khomeini to Iraq. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The twenty-first National Consultative Assembly, which included female representatives, opened on October 6, 1963. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The last session of the Pre-Revolution Majlis was held on 1979-02-07 (18 Bahman 1357 AP^[1]). Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical

Islamic Republic - Islamic Consultative Assembly

The old Majlis Building (ex-Senate) used from 1979-2004.

After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the Senate was abolished and in the 1989 revision of the constitution, the National Consultative Assembly became the Islamic Consultative Assembly. The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed The Iranian legislature thus became unicameral. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber

Currently, the Majlis' 290 members, five of whom represent non-Muslim religious minorities, are popularly elected for four-year terms. The Majlis can force the dismissal of cabinet ministers by no-confidence votes and can impeach the president for misconduct in office. Although the executive proposes most new laws, individual deputies of the Majlis also may introduce legislation. Deputies also may propose amendments to bills being debated. The Majlis also drafts legislation, ratifies international treaties, and approves the national budget. All Majlis candidates and all legislation from the assembly must be approved by the Guardian Council. The Guardian Council of the Constitution (شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی or Guardian Council and also Council of Guardians is an appointed and Even though the Majlis is more democratic in nature than other governments in the region, it is not as powerful as the legislative bodies in, for example, the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

From 1979, the Majlis had convened at the building that used to house the Iranian Senate. The Senate House of Iran (Kakh-e Majles-e Sena was the Upper house legislative chamber during the Pahlavi dynasty and was disbanded after the Islamic Revolution A new building was built for the Assembly at Baharestan Square in central Tehran, near the old Majlis building that was used from 1906 to 1979. After several debates, the move was finally approved in 2004. The first session of the Majlis was held on November 16, 2004 in the new building. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Main article: Iran Majlis election, 2004

See also

• Strategic Majlis Research Center

Notes and references

External links

• The official website of the Majlis of Iran
• History of Iran: Constitutional Revolution, a history of Majlis from 1906 to 1953
• Iranian Ministry of Interior on the history of elections in Iran
• A report on moving the Majles to Baharestan
• The Council of Guardians, Official website.
• The Majles, Iran's parliament news service.
• Video Archive of Iran's Parliament
• Kourosh Esmāili, People & Power: The Iranian Campaign, Aljazeera, YouTube, 23 April 2008: (Part 1) (11 min 25 sec), (Part 2) (11 min 54 sec).