?लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lucknow Uttar Pradesh • India
Lucknow
Coordinates: 26°51′38″N 80°54′57″E / 26.860556, 80.915833
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	2,345 km² (905 sq mi) • 123 m (404 ft)
District(s)	Lucknow
Population • Density	2,800,000 (2006) • 331 /km² (857 /sq mi)
Language(s)	English, Hindi, Urdu
Mayor	Dinesh Sharma
District Magistrate	Chandra Bhanu
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • UN/LOCODE • Vehicle	• 226 xxx • +91-522 • INLKO • UP-32
Website: lucknow.nic.in

Coordinates: 26°51′38″N 80°54′57″E / 26.860556, 80.915833

Lucknow (pronunciation (help·info), Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, Lakhnaū ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Lucknow District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or Post code system used by India Post the Indian Postal For the past decade or so telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India UN/LOCODE, the United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations, is a geographic coding scheme developed and maintained by United Nations Economic Commission KA-19-P-8488jpg|thumb|270px|Close up of a licence plate used in Mangalore, Karnataka. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It had a population of 2,541,101 in 2006. ^[1] Lucknow is also the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. Lucknow District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Lucknow division is an administrative geographical unit of Uttar Pradesh state of India.

Located in what was historically known as the Awadh region, Lucknow has always been a multicultural city. For the Oudh tree see Agarwood. Awadh ( Hindi: अवध Urdu: اودھ) also known in various British historical texts as Oudh Courtly manners, beautiful gardens, poetry, music, and fine cuisine patronized by the Persian-loving Shia Nawabs of the city are well known amongst Indians and students of South Asian culture and history. A Nawab or Nawaab ( Urdu: نواب Hindi: नवाब was originally the Subedar (provincial governor or viceroy of a Lucknow is popularly known as the The City of Nawabs. It is also known as the Golden City of the East, Shiraz-i-Hind and The Constantinople of India. Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS

Today, Lucknow is a vibrant city that is witnessing an economic boom and is among the top ten fastest growing non-major-metropolitan cities of India. It is the second largest city in Uttar Pradesh state. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U The unique combination of its cultured grace and newly acquired pace is its most promising feature that augurs well for the future.

History

The Chhota Imambara in Lucknow

Gateway to Bara Imambara

The ancient history of Lucknow is believed to begin after the Suryawanshi king Lord Rama ordered his younger brother Lakshman to establish a town at the present site of Lakshman Tila. Lucknow was named Lakshmanpuri or Lakhanpuri or Laknamau after him. Slowly the name Lakhanpuri became 'Lakhnau' and then named 'Lucknow' by the British. After 1350 AD the Lucknow and parts of Awadh region have been under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughal Empire, the Nawabs of Awadh, the East India Company and the British Raj. The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most The Nawab of Awadh is the title of rulers who governed the state of Awadh in India in the 18th and 19th century The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Lucknow has been one of the major centers of First War of Independence, participated actively in India's Independence movement, and after Independence has emerged as an important city of North India. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Geography Northern India lies mainly on continental India and a very small part of it lies on the Indian peninsula

Until 1719, subah of Awadh was a province of the Mughal Empire administered by a Governor appointed by the Emperor. A Subah is a Province of the former Mughal Empire. The governor of a subah was known as a subahdar, which later became Subedar The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most Saadat Khan also called Burhan-ul-Mulk a Persian adventurer was appointed the Nazim of Awadh in 1722 and he established his court in Faizabad ^[2] near Lucknow. Wakil-i-Mutlaq Burhan ul-Mulk Itimad ud-Daula Nawab Sayid Sa'adat Khan Bahadur Shaukat Jang (Circa 1680-19 March 1739 better known as Saadat Khan or Burhan-ul-mulk For the Oudh tree see Agarwood. Awadh ( Hindi: अवध Urdu: اودھ) also known in various British historical texts as Oudh

Awadh was known as the granary of India and was important strategically for the control of the Doab, the fertile plain between the Ganga and the Yamuna rivers. The Ganges (ˈgænʤiːz also Ganga, Devanāgarī: hi गंगा in most Indian languages) is the major river in the Indian subcontinent For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना It was a wealthy kingdom, able to maintain its independence against threats from the Marathas, the British and the Afghans. The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Demographics of Afghanistan are ethnically and linguistically mixed The third Nawab, Shuja-ud-Daula fell out with the British after aiding Mir Qasim, the fugitive Nawab of Bengal. Shuja-ud-Daulah (b 19 January[[ 732]] at the Mansion of Dara Shikoh, Delhi, d Mir Qasim (also spelt Mir Kasim) (d 1777 was Nawab of Bengal from 1760 to 1764 The Nawabs of Bengal were the hereditary nazim s or Subadars (provincial governors of the Subah (province of Bengal during He was comprehensively defeated in the Battle of Buxar by the East India Company, after which he was forced to pay heavy penalties and cede parts of his territory. The Battle of Buxar was fought in October 1764 between the forces under the command The British appointed a resident in 1773, and over time gained control of more territory and authority in the state. They were disinclined to capture Awadh outright, because that would bring them face to face with the Marathas and the remnants of the Mughal Empire.

Lucknow's rise to growth and fame begins with its elevation as capital of Awadh by Nawab Asaf-Ud-Dowlah. Asaf-Ud-Dowlah ( 23 September 1748 - 21 September 1797) was the Nawab wazir of Oudh from 1775 to 1797 and the son of Shuja-ud-Dowlah He was a great philanthropist and gave Lucknow a unique and enduring legacy. The architectural contributions of these Awadh rulers include several imposing monuments. Of the monuments standing today, the Bara Imambara, the Chhota Imambara, and the Roomi Darwaza are notable examples. Bara Imambara ( Urdu: بڑا امامباڑا) is an Imambara complex in Lucknow India, built by Asaf-ud-daulah, Nawab of Chhota Imambara or Hussainabad Imambara is an imposing monument located in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The Roomi Darwaza ( Hindi: रूमी दरवाज़ा Urdu: رومی دروازه, also spelled Rumi Darwaza, and known in One of the more lasting contributions by the Nawabs is the syncretic composite culture that has come to be known as the Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb. Syncretism consists of the attempt to reconcile disparate or contradictory beliefs often while melding practices of various schools of thought .

In 1798, the fifth Nawab Wazir Ali Khan alienated both his people and the British, and was forced to abdicate. The British then helped Saadat Ali Khan to the throne. Yamin-ud-daula-Nawab Saadat Ali Khan (1752-1814 was allegedly the son of Asaf-Ud-Dowlah. Saadat Ali Khan was a puppet king, who in the treaty of 1801 ceded half of Awadh to the British East India Company and also agreed to disband his troops in favor of a hugely expensive, British-run army. This treaty effectively made the state of Awadh a vassal to the British East India Company, though it notionally continued to be part of the Mughal Empire in name until 1819.

The treaty of 1801 formed an arrangement that was very beneficial to the Company. They were able to use Awadh's vast treasuries, repeatedly digging into them for loans at reduced rates. In addition, the revenues from running Awadh's armed forces brought them useful revenues while it acted as a buffer state. The Nawabs were ceremonial kings, busy with pomp and show but with little influence over matters of state. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, the British had grown impatient with the arrangement and wanted direct control of Awadh.

In 1856 the East India Company first moved its troops to the border, then annexed the state, which was placed under a chief commissioner - Sir Henry Lawrence. Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence ( June 28, 1806 - July 4, 1857) was a British soldier and statesman in India, who died defending Wajid Ali Shah, the then Nawab, was imprisoned, and then exiled by the Company to Calcutta. Wajid Ali Shah (نواب واجد على شاه (official name. In the subsequent Revolt of 1857 his 14-year old son Birjis Qadr son of Begum Hazrat Mahal was crowned ruler, and Sir Henry Lawrence killed in the hostilities. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, Begum Hazrat Mahal, also known as Begum of Awadh was the wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. Following the rebellion's defeat, Begum Hazrat Mahal and other rebel leaders obtained asylum in Nepal. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia.

Wajid Ali Shah

Those company troops who were recruited from the state, along with some of the nobility of the state, were major players in the events of 1857. The rebels took control of Awadh, and it took the British 18 months to reconquer the region, months which included the famous Siege of Lucknow. The Siege of Lucknow was the prolonged defence of the Residency within the city of Lucknow during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the First Oudh was placed back under a chief commissioner, and was governed as a British province. In 1877 the offices of lieutenant-governor of the North-Western Provinces and chief commissioner of Oudh were combined in the same person; and in 1902, when the new name of United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was introduced, the title of chief commissioner was dropped, though Oudh still retained some marks of its former independence. The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, more commonly the United Provinces, was a Province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947

The province of Awadh (anglicized to Oudh) was annexed by the East India Company in 1856 and placed under the control of a chief commissioner. In the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the First War of Indian Independence and the Indian Mutiny), the garrison based at the Residency in Lucknow was besieged by rebel forces. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, Garrison (various spellings (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip" is the collective term for a body of Troops The famous Siege of Lucknow was relieved first by forces under the command of Sir Henry Havelock and Sir James Outram, followed by a stronger force under Sir Colin Campbell. Major-General Sir Henry Havelock, KCB ( April 5 1795 – November 29, 1857) was a British general who is particularly Sir James Outram 1st Baronet GCB KSI ( January 29 1803 - March 11 1863) was an English general who fought in the Field Marshal Colin Campbell 1st Baron Clyde, GCB, KSI ( October 20, 1792 &ndash August 14, 1863) was a Today, the ruins of the Residency, and the picturesque Shaheed Smarak offer reminiscences of Lucknow's role in the stirring events of 1857.

Siege Relief Plan

The city played an important role in both the First War of Independence and the modern Indian freedom struggle. Whether it was the Lucknow Pact of 1916 or the Khilafat Movement it brought the citizens on a united platform against the British rule. Lucknow Pact refers to an agreement between Indian National Congress and Muslim League. The Khilafat movement (1919-1924 was a political campaign launched mainly by Muslims in South Asia to influence the British government and to protect the In the Khilafat Movement Maulana Abdul Bari of Firangi Mahal, Lucknow actively participated and cooperated with Mahatama Gandhi and Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Freedom fighter and one of the most great parliamentarians, Firoj Gandhi was also releted to the city. Maulana Abdul Bari (1878-1926 is one of the most famous Firangi Mahal scholars Firangi Mahal ( Hindi: फ़रन्गी महल Urdu: فرنگی محل, literally French Palace from Arabic فرنگی Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January This page is about Maulana Muhammad Ali the religious scholar belonging to the " Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam "

In 1901, after staying the capital of Oudh, since 1775, Lucknow, with a population of 264,049, was merged in the newly formed United Provinces of Agra and Oudh ^[3]. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting For the Oudh tree see Agarwood. Awadh ( Hindi: अवध Urdu: اودھ) also known in various British historical texts as Oudh The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, more commonly the United Provinces, was a Province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947 However, it became the provincial capital in 1920 when the seat of government was moved from Allahabad. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. Allahabad ( Hindi: इलाहाबाद Urdu: الہ آباد Ilāhābād) is a city in the north Indian state of Uttar Upon Indian independence in 1947, Lucknow became the capital of Uttar Pradesh, the erstwhile United Provinces. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U

Geography

Situated in the heart of the great Gangetic plain, Lucknow city is surrounded by its rural towns and villages like the orchard town of Malihabad, historic Kakori, Mohanlal ganj, Gosainganj, Chinhat, Itaunja. The Indo-Gangetic Plain also known as the Northern plains and the North Indian River Plain is a large and fertile plain encompassing most of northern and eastern India, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Malihabad ( Hindi: मलीहाबाद Urdu: ملیح آباد) is a town and WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kakori ( Hindi: काकोरी Urdu: کاکوری) is a town and a Nagar WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Itaunja is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state On its eastern side lies Barabanki District, on the western side is Unnao District, on the southern side Raebareli District, and on the northern side the Sitapur and Hardoi districts. Barabanki district ( Hindi: बाराबंकी जिला Urdu: بارابنکی ‏ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Unnao District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Raebareli District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Sitapur district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India with Sitapur town as the district headquarters Hardoi is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India, and Hardoi town is the district headquarters The Gomti River, the chief geographical feature, meanders through the city, dividing it into the Trans-Gomti and Cis-Gomti regions. The Gomti, Gumti or Gomati River (गोमती Gomtī) is a Tributary of the Ganges River. Lucknow city is located in the seismic zone III . Seismology (from Greek grc σεισμός seismos, "earthquake" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Earthquakes ^[4]

Lucknow has a warm subtropical climate with cool, dry winters from December to February and dry, hot summers from April to June. The rainy season is from mid-June to mid-September, when Lucknow gets an average rainfall of 1010 mm mostly from the south-west monsoon winds. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months In winter the maximum temperature is around 21 degrees Celsius and the minimum is in the 3 to 4 degrees Celsius range. Fog is quite common from late December to late January. Summers can be quite hot with temperatures rising to the 40 to 45 degree Celsius range, the average highs being in the high 30's.

Demographics

Lucknow's population is not so cosmopolitan compared to other Tier II cities of India as the majority of new residents of the city include people from East UP only. However, Bengalis, South Indians and Anglo-Indians are also settled at Lucknow. The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry and the term is sometimes used in the West. Hindus comprise about 77% and Muslims about 20%. There are also small groups of Sikhs, Jains, Christians and Buddhists. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the Lucknow is one of the most educated cities in India with a literacy rate of 83. 5%(78% for females and 89% for males).

Economy and business

Lucknow is not only a major market & trading city in Northern India, but is also an emerging hub for producers of goods and services with very promising potential. Being the capital of Uttar Pradesh state, the Government departments and the public sector undertakings are the principal employers of the salaried middle class. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Liberalization has created many more opportunities in the business and service sector and self-employed professionals are burgeoning in the city.

Lucknow also provides a good catchment area for the recruitment of quality personnel by information technology companies for the BPO hubs of nearby Noida and Gurgaon as well as for Bangalore and Hyderabad. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Business process outsourcing ( BPO) contains the transmission of processes along with the associated operational activities and responsibilities to a third party with at least Gurgaon (गुड़गांव is the sixth largest City in the Indian state of Haryana. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka.

Large numbers of expatriate labour and NRIs from Lucknow serve in the Persian Gulf and Middle East countries and send considerable remittances to their families back home. A non-resident Indian (NRI is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country a person of Indian origin who is born outside India or a person of The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East.

The city is the headquarters of both the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and the Pradeshiya Industial and Investment Corporation of Uttar Pradesh (PICUP). The Small Industries Development Bank of India ( is a state-run Bank aimed to aid the growth and development of micro small and medium scale industries in India. The Regional office of the Uttar Pradesh State Industries Development Corporation (UPSIDC) is also located here.

The other business-promoting institutions that have a presence in Lucknow are the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII). The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII is a non-government not-for-profit industry-led and industry-managed organisation playing a proactive role in India’s development process The Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India ( EDI or EDII) is a Non-profit organisation dedicated to promote Entrepreneurship that is

Traditional trade

Traditionally, Lucknow has been a mandi town for mangoes, melons, and grains grown in the surrounding areas. Sugarcane-growing plantations and sugar industries are also in close proximity. Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae This attracted Mohan Meakins Brewery to set up a unit based on molasses in the city. Molasses or Treacle is a thick Syrup by-product from the processing of the Sugarcane or Sugar beet into Sugar. Meakins was incorporated in 1855 and is Asia's first commercial brewery.

Lucknow is famous for its small scale industries that are based on unique styles of embroidery, namely, Chikan and Lakhnawi Zardozi, both of which are significant foreign exchange earners. Chikan (चिकन is a traditional Embroidery style from Lucknow, India. Zardozi ( Hindi: ज़रदोज़ी Persian and Urdu: زردوزی work is a type of Embroidery in India. Chikan has caught the fancy of fashion designers in Bollywood and abroad. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India Information technology is now being introduced in the industry for increased productivity, with the help of World Bank^[5] funded projects. The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e

During the period of the Nawabs, kite-making reached a high level of artistry,^[6] and is still a small-scale industry. A kite is a flying tethered object that depends upon the tension of a tethering system Lucknow has also been an industrial producer of tobacco products like 'Kivam', edible fragrances like 'attars' and handicrafts such as pottery, earthen toys, silver and gold foil work, and bone carving products. Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply Craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools Bone carving is the act of creating art forms by carving into animal bones.

Manufacturing and processing

The city had a big paper mill, one of the oldest in the country. A paper mill is a Factory devoted to making Paper from wood pulp and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier Machine or similar apparatus

Among the bigger manufacturing units, Lucknow has Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Tata Motors, Eveready Industries and Scooters India Limited. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ( HAL) based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia 's largest Aerospace companies Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai Eveready Industries India Ltd (EIIL (formerly known as Union Carbide India Limited) is the flagship company of the B Processing industries include milk production, steel-rolling units and LPG bottling.

The city's small-scale and medium-scale industrial units are located in the industrial enclaves of Chinhat, Aishbagh, Talkatora and Amousi.

See also: List of companies in Lucknow

Emerging businesses

Lucknow, with its excellent educational, commercial, banking and legal infrastructure, is witnessing rapid growth in information technology, banking, retailing, construction and other service sectors. Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh Private coaching institutions for preparing aspirants of competitive exams and services is another business that is flourishing in Lucknow.

All the major public and private sector banks of India, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and foreign banks like Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, ABN-AMRO and HSBC have their presence in the city. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक is the Central bank of India, and was established on April Citibank is a major international Bank, founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, later First National City Bank of New York. Standard Chartered Bank (, is a British Bank headquartered in London with operations in more than seventy countries ABN AMRO is a Dutch bank currently owned by RFS Holdings BV, a consortium of Royal Bank of Scotland Group, Fortis Bank Nederland, and Banco Santander HSBC Holdings plc ( (,,,) is a Public limited company incorporated in England and Wales, headquartered in London. The big oil marketing companies like Indian Oil Corporation, Hindustan Petroleum, Bharat Petroleum and Reliance have their offices in Lucknow. Indian Oil Corporation is an Indian public-sector petroleum company HPCL (Hindustan Petrolem Corporation Limited is a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 Navaratna mega Public Sector Undertaking in oil refining & marketing business with an annual turnover of over Overview Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL is one of India 's largest PSU companies with Global Fortune 500 rank of 287 (2008

Leading IT companies like TCS and IBM are also operating in Lucknow. Tata Consultancy Services Limited ( TCS) is an Indian software services and consulting company International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology

Insurance companies, both public and private, as well as leading cellular phone companies are present in the city as well.

Currently, biotechnology and information technology are the two focus areas to promote economic development in and around the city. Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. The Ministry of Science and Technology is setting up a biotech park^[7] in the city. The Ministry of Science and Technology is the Indian government ministry charged with formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws relating Lucknow is also one of the selected cities for the Smart City project of STPI, under which IT is being used to promote economic development. Software Technology Parks of India ( STPI) is a Government agency in India, established in 1991 under the Ministry of Communications and

Government and politics

Lucknow is the political and administrative capital of Uttar Pradesh. The UP Governor is T. V. Rajeshwar and Mayawati is the present Chief Minister. Mayawati Naina Kumari ( Hindi: मायावती (born January 15, 1956) is an Indian politician and the current Chief Minister Dinesh Sharma is the Mayor of Lucknow.

Former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee is the sitting MP for the Lucknow Parliamentary constituency. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी əʈəl bɪhaːɾiː ʋaːdʒpeiː (born December 25 1924 The eleventh Prime Minister of India.

One of the 5 MLAs of the city, Mr Nakul Dube is cabinet minister in state government.

Transport

Local

Auto Rickshaws

The available multiple modes of public transport in the city are taxis, city buses, cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws, and Vikram-Tempos. The cycle rickshaw, being a small-scale local means of transport is also known by a variety of other names such as rickshaw, pedicab, bugbug, cyclo An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief The fares are affordable. Compressed natural gas (CNG) has been introduced recently as an auto fuel to keep the air pollution in control. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG is a Fossil fuel substitute for Gasoline (petrol Diesel, or Propane Fuel. Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort The city bus service is run by Lucknow Mahanagar Parivahan Sewa^[8] a division of Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC).

Inter-city/inter-state travel

Lucknow has good road, rail and air links with the rest of the country.

Road

From Hazratganj intersection in Lucknow city Four Indian National Highways originate, viz, NH-24 to Delhi, NH-25 to Raksa, Jhansi(M. Jhansi ( Urdu: جھانسی Hindi: झांसी Marathi:झाशी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. P. Border), NH-56 to Varanasi and NH-28 to Mokama (Bihar).

There are two bus stations. The major bus terminus is Dr. Bhimrao Ambadkar bus station at Alambagh. It has all modern facilities and is the main inter and intrastate terminal. Another important bus station is at Kaiserbagh which is currently nonoperational due to renovation work. Earlier, another bus terminus operated at Charbagh, directly in front of the main railway station, but has now been reestablished as a city bus depot. The move was taken to remove congestion in front of the railway station. Now inter-city travel in private cars is also becoming very common.

Railways

Charbagh railway station at Lucknow

The main railway station is Lucknow Railway Station at Charbagh. . It has an imposing structure built in 1923. The main terminal belongs to Northern Railway(NR)station code: LKO division of Indian Railways and the second terminal is run by the North Eastern Railway (NER){ Station Code : LJN}. Indian Railways (भारतीय रेल Bhāratīya Rail) abbreviated as IR (hi भारे is a Department of the Government of India under the Ministry The North Eastern Railway is one of the fifteen railway zones in India. Lucknow is a major junction with links to all major cities of the state and country. Lucknow has a further thirteen railway stations viz. Alambagh, Malhaur, Utretia, Transport Nagar, Dilkhusha, Gomtinagar, Badshahnagar, Manak Nagar, Amausi, Aishbagh, Lucknow City, Daliganj and Mohibullapur. Now meter gauge services originate from Aishbagh and connect to Lucknow city, Daliganj and Mohibullapur. Except Mohibullapur all the stations are also connected to Broad gauge. All the stations are within city limits and are well connected with each other via road networks and public road transport. Other suburban stations include Bakshi Ka Talab and Kakori. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kakori ( Hindi: काकोरी Urdu: کاکوری) is a town and a Nagar The Barabanki-Lucknow-Kanpur track (101 km) is electrified. This article is about the city of Barabanki For the district see Barabanki District. Kanpur ( Hindi: कानपुर Urdu: کان پور spelled as Cawnpore before 1948 is one of the most populous cities in the north India Its electrification was done in 2002-03 when Shri. Atal Bihari Vajpayee was Prime Minister of India and he was MP from Lucknow. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी əʈəl bɪhaːɾiː ʋaːdʒpeiː (born December 25 1924 The eleventh Prime Minister of India.

Air

Lucknow is directly connected by air with New Delhi, Patna, Kolkata, and Mumbai and other major Indian cities. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. Paṭnā ( Hindi: पटना is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial The Amausi Airport at Amausi is located around 20 km from the city centre. Amausi International Airport, also known as Lucknow International Airport, is situated near Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is an international airport and is the 13^th online station for Air India. Air India Limited ( एअर इंडिया) is the national Airline of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services International destinations include Dubai, Jeddah, Muscat and Sharjah. Dubai (in دبيّ,) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE Jeddah (also spelled Jiddah, Jidda, or Jedda; جدّة Ǧiddah) is a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the Sharjah ( Arabic: الشارقة) ( pronounced /'ʃɑɹdʒə/ in English) is the third most populous city in the United Arab Emirates and Flights to London has already started on a daily basis and flights to Bangkok Singapore and Hong Kong may also commence soon. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest Singapore Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders During Haj special flights are also operated from Lucknow. Hanover Airport, also called Langenhagen Airport with reference to the nearby town of Langenhagen, is situated 11km north of the centre of Hanover

Oman Air and Cosmo Air are a few international airlines that are successfully operating direct international flights from Lucknow to international destinations & vice-versa. Many private airlines have also forayed in the field of aviation like Air Deccan-connects Delhi and Lucknow to and fro, Jetlite- connects Delhi and Mumbai to Lucknow

Language and poetry

Both Hindi and Urdu are spoken in Lucknow, but Urdu has been the lingua franca of the city for centuries. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely Under the rule of Nawabs, Urdu flourished and turned into one of the most refined languages. A Nawab or Nawaab ( Urdu: نواب Hindi: नवाब was originally the Subedar (provincial governor or viceroy of a Hindu and Muslim poets like Brij Narayan Chakbast, Khwaja Haidar Ali Atish, Amir Meenai,Mirza Hadi Ruswa, Nasikh, Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim, Musahafi, Insha, Safi Lakhnavi, and the great Meer Taqi Meer took Urdu poetry to dizzy heights and established the Lakhnavi form of the language. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Brij Narayan Chakbast (also Brij Narain Chakbast) Life (1882-1926 was an Urdu poet Khwaja Haider Ali Atish (1778-1848 of Lucknow was one of the titans of Urdu poetry whose literary rivalry with his contemporary Nasikh produced some rare Amir Minai, an Urdu poet of eminence was born in 1826 at Lucknow and died in 1900 at Hyderabad. Mirza Muhammad Hadi Ruswa ( Urdu: مرزا محمد ہادی رسوا (b Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim (1811-1845 was a Urdu poet of the 19th century who won fame for his epic Gul Bakawali. Syed Ali Naqi Zaidi or Safi Lakhnavi ( January 2 1862 - 1950 was a prominent Urdu poet Khuda-e-Sukhan Mir Taqi Mir ( Urdu: میر تقی میر) (b 1723 - d Urdu poetry ( Urdu: اردو شاعری, Urdu Shayari) is one of the most dominant and prominent poetries of times and has many different colours & types ^[9]

Lucknow is one of the world's great cities for Shiite culture. Two poets, Mir Anis and Mirza Dabeer, became legendary exponents of a unique genre of Shia elegiacal poetry called Marsia centred on Imam Husain's supreme sacrifice in the Battle of Karbala which is commemorated during the annual observance of Muharram. Life Mir Babar Ali Anis (Urdu میر بابر علی انیس was a renowned Urdu poet. Mirza Salaamat Ali Dabeer (1800/1803-1875 Life Mirza Dabeer was born in 1803 in Delhi. Marsiya ( Marsia) (مرثیہ is an elegiac poem written to commemorate the martyrdom and valour of Hazrat Imam Hussain and his comrades of the Karbala The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram 10 61 AH ( October 9 or 10 680 CE in Karbala, in present day Iraq. Muharram ( Arabic: ar محرم is the first month of the Islamic calendar.

In recent years the use of Urdu has reduced significantly. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Day-to-day transactions in the city are typically performed in Hindi or English. Indian English comprises several Dialects or varieties of English spoken primarily in India, and by first-generation members of the Indian diaspora Nevertheless, Lucknowites are still known for their polite and polished way of speaking which is noticed by visitors to this charming city. The revolutionary Ram Prasad Bismil, who was hanged by the British at Kakori near Lucknow, was largely influenced by poetry and wrote verses under the pen name of "Bismil". Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil ( Urdu: پنڈت رام پراساد بسمل, Hindi: पंडित WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kakori ( Hindi: काकोरी Urdu: کاکوری) is a town and a Nagar The surrounding towns like Kakori, Daryabad, Barabanki, Rudauli and Malihabad produced many eminent poets and literateurs of Urdu like Mohsin Kakorvi, Majaz, Khumar Barabankvi and Josh Malihabadi. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kakori ( Hindi: काकोरी Urdu: کاکوری) is a town and a Nagar Ruling Bali Lineage of Daryabad The known history of the Taluqdars of Rampur Daryabad estate of district Barabanki Uttar pradesh India can be traced back to the times of Shershah This article is about the city of Barabanki For the district see Barabanki District. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rudauli is a city and a Municipal board in Barabanki district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Malihabad ( Hindi: मलीहाबाद Urdu: ملیح آباد) is a town and Mohsin Kakorvi was an Urdu poet from Lucknow, India. He wrote the naatiya genre of poetry For the Peruvian rodent see Paca Majaz Lucknawi ( 1909 - 5 December 1955) was a romantic revolutionary poet of India Khumar Barabankvi (1919 - 1999 was an Urdu poet and lyricist from Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India. Josh Malihabadi ( Urdu: جوش ملیح آبادی) (born as Shabbir Hasan Khan; Urdu شبیر حسن خان) ( December 5,

Recently in 2008 which is the 150th year of 'mutiny' of 1857 a novel has been released which uses 1857 as a backdrop. 'Recalcitrance' is the first English novel by a Lucknowite on the 'mutiny' of 1857. The author is Anurag Kumar a journalist and historian.

Cityscape

Places to see

Roomi Gate:View from Asafi Imambara

The Asafi Imambara (popularly known as Bara Imambara), the Chhota Imambara, Residency, and Shah Najaf are monuments of architectural importance at Lucknow. Bara Imambara ( Urdu: بڑا امامباڑا) is an Imambara complex in Lucknow India, built by Asaf-ud-daulah, Nawab of The famous 'Bhul Bhulaiyan' (Labyrinth) is part of Asafi Imambara complex. Some other places of interest are the Picture Gallery, Chattar Manzil, State Museum/Lucknow Zoo, Shaheed Smarak, Dilkusha, Ambedkar Memorial, Planetarium, and Ram Krishna Math.

Lucknow Zoo

The British-built architectural sights in Lucknow include the Vidhan Sabha (State Legislative Assembly), the Clock Tower and the Charbagh Railway Station, with its distinctive domes, arches and pillars. The Charbagh Railway Station ( Hindi: चारबाग़ रेलवे स्टेशन Urdu: چارباغ ریلوے سٹیشن) is the main railway

Husainabad Clock Tower

Some of the oldest schools in India are also situated in Lucknow: La Martiniere Lucknow and the Colvin Taluqdar's College. La Martinière College is a premiere educational institution located in Lucknow, the capital of the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. Colvin Taluqdars' College in Lucknow is one of the oldest Public schools in India

Ambedkar Memorial

Lucknow has several well-kept parks that attract the citizenry in large numbers on evenings, holidays and weekends. The bigger parks are Ambedkar Memorial and Lohia park in Gomtinagar, Swarn Jayanti park and Aurobindo Park in Indiranagar, Dilkusha Park, Begum Hazrat Mahal Park, Globe Park, Mukherjee Phuhaar, Haathi Park, Buddha park, and Neebu Park. Begum Hazrat Mahal, also known as Begum of Awadh was the wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. The sprawling National Botanical Garden at Sikandarbagh on the banks of Gomti river is also worth visiting. The Gomti, Gumti or Gomati River (गोमती Gomtī) is a Tributary of the Ganges River.

The city also has the Kukrail Reserve Forest(a picnic spot and Gharial rehablitaion centre)^[10]. The gharial ( Gavialis gangeticus) sometimes called the Indian gavial or gavial, is one of two surviving members of the family Moosa Bagh and Utretia are other popular picnic spots.

Natural attractions accessible from Lucknow are Katarnia Ghat, Dudhwa National Park, Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary and Samaspur Bird Sanctuary. General info Area: 490 km² core 124 km² buffer Established: 1958 as a wildlife sanctuary 1977 as a national park 1988 as a tiger reserve Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary on the Kanpur-Lucknow road in Uttar Pradesh, India consisting of a Lake and the surrounding environs

Shopping

Sahara Ganj mall

Aminabad, a quaint bazaar like Delhi's Chandni Chowk, is situated in the heart of the city. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Chandni Chowk ( Hindi: चाँदनी चौक Punjabi: ਚਾਂਦਨੀ ਚੌਂਕ Urdu: چاندنی چوک meaning Moonlit Avenue is It is a large shopping centre that caters to a wide variety of consumers.

Chowk and Nakhhas are markets in the old Lucknow area where you can get a feel of traditional Lucknow. Some other important shopping centres are Alambagh, Kapoorthala, Indiranagar, Mahanagar, and Nishatganj. Alambagh ( or Alumbagh is a large walled enclosure situated at about 4 miles from Lucknow, near Kanpur road in India.

The Hazratganj area is an upscale shopping market with colonial- style buildings. Interestingly, a popular pastime among the locals is window-shopping in the Hazratganj market. It is popularly referred to in Hinglish as Ganjing. Hinglish, a Portmanteau of the words Hindi and English, usage of Hindi and English words combining both in one sentence The Janpath market, Rovers, Lovers Lane, Mayfair building, Kwality, and Universal book store are some popular landmarks of the area.

Lucknowites are also experiencing the new waves of shopping malls and multiplex culture in India. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors For the fictional character called Megaplex see Megaplex (Transformers. The first shopping mall-cum-multiplex to open in Lucknow was the East End Mall in Gomti Nagar. Now Lucknow has 3 other operational Mall-cum-multiplex, viz. , Saharaganj (With PVR Cinemas), Fun Republic (Fun Cinemas) & Riverside (Inox theatre).

Places to Stay

Five Star

• The Piccadily, Sector B Bara Birwa, Kanpur Road
• The Taj Residency, Gomti Nagar
• Hotel Clarks Avadh, 8 Mahatma Gandhi Road

Four Star

• Hotel Sagar International, 14-A, Jopling Road
• Hotel Gemini Continental, 10, Rani Laxmi Bai Marg
• Hotel Deep Palace, Cantt Road

Three Star

• Rahi Hotel Gomti, Sapru Marg
• La Place Park Inn, Shahnajaf Road
• Hotel Shimla Palace, Latouche Road
• Hotel Presidency Inn, 3 Sapru Marg
• Hotel Mera Mann, Station Road
• Mohan Hotel, Charbagh
• Hotel Arif Castle, 4 Rana Pratap Marg
• Hotel Charans International, 16, Vidhan Sabha Marg

Two Star

• Hotel Europe Palace, Charbagh
• Hotel Manglam, Latouche Road

Real estate

Real estate is one of the many booming sectors of the economy. There are several malls, residential complexes and business complexes throughout the city. Real estate giants like Parshvanath, DLF, Omaxe, Sahara, Unitech, Ansal API are here. Parshvanath or Parshvanatha ( pārśvá-nātha, occasionally spelled Parshvanath or Parswanath) was the twenty-third Tirthankara The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى aṣ-ṣaḥrā´ al-kubra, "The Great Desert" is the world's largest hot Desert and the world's second largest

Lucknow is one of the few Indian cities that follows vertical outgrowth plan like Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Gazhiabad. The city boasts handsome skylines in Gomti Nagar, Hazrat Ganj and Kapoorthala. The highest under-construction building is Sahara Hospital which will have 35 floors followed by Metro City (30 floors), Parshvanath Planet (25 floors) and Omaxe Heights (23 floors). Presently the highest buildings are Shakti Bhawan (21 floors) and OCR (20 floors). The city boasts a high property expansion rate. It is expected that city will have a $2. 5 billion organised real estate by 2010.

Tube(Metro) Train

After Delhi and Kolkata, Metro/Tube Trains are planned to be included in city transportation. The feasibility study of this project is going on and metro trains will be running in Lucknow by 2012. Lucknow Metro Rail will have 4 corriodor:

1. Amausi to Kursi Road, 2. Bada Imambara to Sultanpur Road, 3. SGPGIMS to Rajajipuram via Charbagh, 4. Hazratganj to Faizabad Road

Cuisine

When it comes to dining, Lucknow is a culinary delight as the Awadh region has its own distinct Nawabi style cuisine, with various kinds of biryanis, kebabs and breads like 'sheermal' / 'roomali roti' all very popular delicacies. A Nawab or Nawaab ( Urdu: نواب Hindi: नवाब was originally the Subedar (provincial governor or viceroy of a Biryani, biriani, or beriani ( Nastaliq script: بریانی Devanagari script: बिरयानी Bengali script: িবিরয়ানी Kebab (also transliterated as kabab, kabob, kibob, kebhav, kephav) refers to a variety of meat dishes in Middle Eastern

Seekh Kababs

Lucknow has also pioneered the slow-fire cooking called Dum Pukht. Slow Oven or Dum Pukht has become one of the most refined forms of cooking in Pakistan and India even though the technique is no more than 200 years old The world-famous chef Imtiaz Qureishi hails from Lucknow.

With several bakeries in town, the sweet-toothed are never go unsatisfied. The delicious cakes, pastries and the traditional Keiser-pista biscuits are sure to make you come back for more.

The city has a range of fine restaurants catering to all tastes and budgets.

From 'Oudhyana' 'Zaika' 'Royal Cafe' 'Falaknuma' 'Dastarkhwan' 'Daal Mein Kaala' 'Naushi-Jaan' to fastfood joints like Pizza Hut, McDonalds to traditional eateries like 'Tundeys' and 'Rahims' in the Akbari Gate area the choice is wide.

Makkhan Malai, 'Malai Ki Gilori' of Ram Asrey (an oldest shop of pure ghee sweets, established in 1805) Chowk , the famous Tundey Kebabs, named after the one-armed chef Haji Murad Ali,^[11] and 'Kakori kebabs' are very popular with food lovers. Kebab (also transliterated as kabab, kabob, kibob, kebhav, kephav) refers to a variety of meat dishes in Middle Eastern

A street food court with a number of street-side restaurants and eating joints are also present in China Bazaar (near Tulsi theatre) serving affordable Avadhi-Mughlai-Punjabi remix cuisine.

The Chaat in Lucknow is on a par with the best you will get anywhere in the country. Chaat (चाट literally meaning "to lick or taste" is a word used across India, Pakistan and the rest of South Asia to refer to small plates There are quite a few places serving outstanding chaat, like Shukla Chaat in Ganeshganj, Moti Mahal, Radhey Lal in Aliganj Chhappan Bhog in Sadar and Mahesh Sweets in Nirala Nagar and mohan sweets in bhootnath indira nagar . Actually, you can pretty much have Chaat in any corner of Lucknow and never be disappointed.

Paan Shop

After a delicious dinner, one can have Paan from the shops Malhotra Pan Bhandar near K.D. Singh Babu Stadium and the State Bank of India. Paan, from the word pan in Hindi پان and some other related languages हिन्दी: पान) is a South and South East Asian tradition which consists State Bank of India (SBI ( is the largest Bank in India. It is also measured by the number of branch offices and employees the second largest bank in the

For the adventure loving people the [b]Fauzi Dhaba [/b] situated on Sitapur Road near Chaata Meel is a favourite hot spot. Driving among crazy truckers and then a homely diet surely gives a delight to the tongue.

Localities

The urban area is spread equally on both sides of the Gomti River. The Gomti, Gumti or Gomati River (गोमती Gomtī) is a Tributary of the Ganges River. The commercial and residential areas on Cis-Gomti side are Hazratganj, Alambagh, Charbagh, Aishbagh, Kaiserbagh, Aminabad, Husainganj, Model Houses, Lal Bagh, Golaganj, Wazirganj, Rajendra Nagar, Malviya Nagar, Sarojini Nagar, Aishbagh, Rajajipuram, Haiderganj, Thakurganj, Chowk and Saadatganj. Cis-Gomti area is a sub-city in the Lucknow metropolitan area

The residential settlements in the Trans-Gomti area are Nirala Nagar, Aliganj, Daliganj, Mahanagar, Old and New Hyderabad, Nishatganj, Indira Nagar, Manas Enclave near kukrail picnic spot, Gomti Nagar and Gomti Nagar Extn. Trans-Gomti area is an important sub-city in the Lucknow metropolitan area with its population next only to the main city , Nilmatha cantt. Vikas Nagar and Janakipuram.

Aminabad is the heart of the city and the oldest traditional marketplace after Chowk. It is among the most crowded place of Lucknow.

Culture

Lucknow is bravely struggling to retain its old world charm while at the same time acquiring a modern lifestyle. Regarded as one of the finest cities of India, Lucknow represents a culture that combines emotional warmth, a high degree of sophistication, courtesy, and a love for gracious living. The Pehle-Aap (after you) culture, popularised as a tagline for the society of Lucknow, is waning. But a small part of Lucknow's society still possesses such etiquette. Etiquette is a code that governs the expectations of Social behavior, according to the contemporary conventional norm within a Society, This sublime cultural richness famous as Lakhnawi tehzeeb blends the cultures of two communities living side by side for centuries, sharing similar interests and speaking a common language.

Many of the cultural traits and customs peculiar to Lucknow have become living legends today. The credit for this goes to the secular and syncretic traditions of the Nawabs of Awadh, who took a keen interest in every walk of life, and encouraged the traditions to attain a rare degree of sophistication. A Nawab or Nawaab ( Urdu: نواب Hindi: नवाब was originally the Subedar (provincial governor or viceroy of a For the Oudh tree see Agarwood. Awadh ( Hindi: अवध Urdu: اودھ) also known in various British historical texts as Oudh

Dance and music

Kathak, the classical Indian dance form took shape here. See Kāṭhaka for the Vedic school Kathak ( Hindi: कथक Urdu: کتھک) is a classical dance Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Awadh, was a great patron and a passionate champion of Kathak. Wajid Ali Shah (نواب واجد على شاه (official name. The Nawab of Awadh is the title of rulers who governed the state of Awadh in India in the 18th and 19th century Lachhu Maharaj and Birju Maharaj have kept this tradition alive. Lachhu Maharaj (1901-1978 was an Indian dancer He came from a family of illustrious Kathak exponents in Lucknow. Pandit Birju Maharaj (born February 4, 1938) is currently the leading exponent of the Lucknow Kalka-Bindadin Gharana of Kathak

Lucknow is also the city of eminent Ghazal singer Begum Akhtar. In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a Begum Akhtar ( October 7, 1914 – 1974 was a vocalist from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in India. She was a pioneer in Ghazal singing and took this aspect of music to amazing heights. "Ae Mohabbat Tere anjaam pe rona aaya" is one of her best musical renditions of all times.

The Bhatkande music university at Lucknow is named after the great musician Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande. Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande ( August 10, 1860 &ndash September 19, 1936) was an Indian classical musician widely acclaimed to

Lucknow has given music legends like Naushad Ali, Talat Mehmood, Anup Jalota and Baba Sehgal to the entertainment industry. Naushad Ali ( Nastaliq: نوشاد علی Devanagari: नौशाद अली ( December 25 1919 &ndash May 5 2006 Talat Mahmood ( February 24, 1924 – May 9, 1998) was a popular Indian playback singer and film actor Anup Jalota is a Indian singer/musician best known for his performances in the Indian musical form the Bhajan and the Ghazal. It is also incidentally the birthplace of British pop legend Sir Cliff Richard. Sir Cliff Richard, OBE, (born Harry Roger Webb on 14 October 1940 is an English Singer, Actor and Businessman.

An inspiration for films

Lucknow has been a major influence on the Hindi film industry of India and it would be true to say that without the Lakhnavi touch, Bollywood would not have been what it is today. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India Many script writers and lyricists hailing from Awadh like Majrooh Sultanpuri, Kaifi Azmi, Javed Akhtar Ali Raza, Bhagwati Charan Verma, Dr. Majrooh Sultanpuri ( October 1, 1919 - May 24, 2000) was an Urdu poet lyricist and songwriter Kaifi Azmi ( Nastaliq: کیفی اعظمی, Devanagari: कैफ़ी आज़मी (1919 - May 10, 2002) was an Urdu Javed Akhtar ( Urdu: جاوید اختر; Hindi: जावेद अख़्तर born Bhagwati Charan Verma (भगवती चरण वर्मा ( August 30 1903 - October 5 1981) was one of the leading writers in Hindi Kumud Nagar, Dr. Achala Nagar Wajahat Mirza (writer of Mother India and Ganga Jamuna), Amritlal Nagar, Ali Sardar Jafri and K. Mother India ( Hindi: भारत माता Urdu: بھارت ماتا is a 1957 Bollywood film directed by Mehboob Khan Ganga Jamuna is a 1961 Bollywood film produced by Dilip Kumar and directed by Nitin Bose. Amritlal Nagar ( Hindi: अमृतलाल नागर born 17 August 1916 in Agra Uttar Pradesh, has been one of the prominent Ali Sardar Jafri ( Hindi: अली सरदार जाफरी ( November 29, 1916 - August 1, 2000) was an Urdu P. Saxena have enriched Indian Cinema. The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003

Moreover, several famous movies have used Lucknow as their backdrop, such as Shashi Kapoor's Junoon, Muzaffar Ali's Umrao Jaan and Gaman, Satyajit Ray's Shatranj Ke Khiladi. Shashi Kapoor ( Hindi: शशि कपूर born Balbir Raj Kapoor on March 18, 1938 in Calcutta is an Indian film actor and Junoon ( Urdu: جنون Hindi: जुनून Translation: The Obsession) is a 1978 Hindi film produced by Shashi Kapoor Muzaffar Ali (born 21 October, 1944; Lucknow) is an Indian Film-maker, a Fashion designer, a Poet, an This article is about the 1981 film directed by Muzaffar Ali. Gaman (गमन is a Bollywood film released in 1978 It is the directorial debut of Muzaffar Ali, who went on to make the successful Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. Shatranj Ke Khilari ( The Chess Players) is a 1977 film by Bengali director Satyajit Ray, based on the short story of the same name by Munshi Ismail Merchant's Shakespeare Wallah was also partly shot in Lucknow. Ismail Merchant ( December 25, 1936 – May 25, 2005) was an Indian born Film producer, best known for the results of Shakespeare Wallah (1965 was Merchant Ivory Productions ' first important film

Bahu Begum, Mehboob ki Mehndi, Mere Huzur, Mere Mehboob, Chaudhvin Ka Chand, Pakeezah, Main Meri Patni Aur Woh, Gadar: Ek Prem Katha, Saher, and many more films have either been shot in Lucknow or have Lakhnavi backdrops. Mere Mehboob is a 1963 Indian film directed by Harnam Singh Rawail and starring Rajendra Kumar, Sadhana, Ashok Kumar Chaudhvin Ka Chand (चौदवीं का चाँद is a 1960 Hindi Feature film directed by Mohammed Sadiq. Pakeezah ( Hindi: पाक़ीज़ा Urdu: پاکیزہ، lit Gadar Ek Prem Katha is a 2001 Bollywood movie starring Sunny Deol, Amisha Patel, and Amrish Puri.

Education and research

Lucknow is a hub of education and research with many premier institutions.

Further information: List of educational institutes in Lucknow

Media

Press

Lucknow has always been a major centre of journalism. Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh state of India, attract thousands of students from all over India. Several daily newspapers in Hindi, Urdu, and English are published in the city. Among the Hindi papers are Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Dainik Hindustan, Rashtriya Sahara, Jansatta, Swatantra Chetna and Swatantra Bharat. Dainik Jagran is a Hindi daily newspaper It is principally published in Northern India. Amar Ujala is a Hindi daily newspaper distributed in India, launched on April 18, 1948 as a 4-page newspaper with a circulation of 2576 Jansatta is a leading Hindi daily belonging to the Indian Express Group started in 1983 The main Urdu papers are Rashtriya Sahara, Sahafat, Qaumi Khabrein, and Aag. The prominent English dailies are The Times of India, The Hindustan Times, The Pioneer and Indian Express. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. Hindustan Times ( HT) is a leading newspaper in India, published since 1924 with roots in the independence movement The Pioneer is a medium-sized English language newspaper in India For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka

National Herald was also published from Lucknow and edited by the legendary Manikonda Chalapathi Rau. Manikonda Chalapathi Rau (MC (1910-1983 was an eminent Indian Journalist and an authority on the Nehruvian thought

The Press Trust of India and United News of India have their offices in the city and the major newspapers of the country have their correspondents/stringers in Lucknow. Press Trust of India ( Hindi: प्रेस ट्रस्ट ऑफ़् इंडिया) (often abbreviated as PTI) is the largest News agency United News of India ( UNI is one of the two primary Indian news agencies. .

Radio

One of the earliest stations of All India Radio has been operational in Lucknow. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی

FM radio transmission started in Lucknow in 2000, and the city today has seven FM radio stations. See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that ^[12] -

• 90. 4 MHz CMS,
• 100. City Montessori School (CMS Lucknow (सिटी मॉन्टेसरी स्कूल लखनऊ is a private school that offers education up to the level of under-graduation 7 MHz AIR,
• 91. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی 1 MHz Radio City
• 105. 6 MHz Gyan Vani
• 98. Gyan Vani is an educational FM radio station in several cities of India. 3 MHz Radio Mirchi
• 93. Radio Mirchi is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. 5 MHz S FM
• 105. 6 MHzGyanvani-Educational

TV

The national telecaster Doordarshan came to the city in 1975. Doordarshan (दूरदर्शन literally Tele-Vision) is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati, a public ^[13] In 1982 colour transmission was started during the Asiad. The 9th Asian Games were held from November 19, 1982 to December 4, 1982 in Delhi, India. More than 200 Channel cable television is currently available in the city. All major television channels are available in the city through private cable operators as well as individual dish receivers.

News channels have their correspondents and crew posted in the city.

Web

The city has broadband internet connectivity and video conferencing facilities.

Sports

Lucknow has traditionally been a sports-loving city.

In the past pehlwani, kabbadi, chess, kite flying, pigeon flying, and cock fighting were popular pastimes. Pehlwani ( Hindi: पहलवानी Urdu: پہلوانی or Kushti ( Hindi: कुश्ती Urdu: کشتی which come from Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) (கபடி otherwise known as சடுகுடுకబడ్డీ ਕਬੱਡੀ कबड्डी कबड्डीکبڈی Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. A kite is a flying tethered object that depends upon the tension of a tethering system Pigeon racing is a sport involving the release of specially trained Racing pigeons which then return to their homes over a carefully measured distance A cockfight is a Blood sport between two Roosters held in a ring called a cockpit For decades Lucknow hosted the prestigious Sheesh Mahal Cricket Tournament. The Sheesh Mahal Cricket Tournament is India's oldest summer Cricket tournament and in its hey day was a most prestigious one which attracted teams from all parts of India Today cricket, football, badminton, golf and hockey are among the most popular sports in the city. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck Gulli Danda has become a benchmark for the youth to achieve.

The main sports hub is the K. D. Singh Babu Stadium which also has a world-class swimming and indoor games complex. The other stadiums are at Charbagh, Mahanagar, Gomtinagar, Chowk and Sports College.

The Lucknow Golf Club, on the sprawling greens of La Martinière College, is one of the most famous golf courses in India.

The city has a good record in modern sports and has produced several national and world-class sporting personalities. Lucknow sports hostel has produced national-level cricketers such as Mohammed Kaif,Piyush Chawla, Suresh Raina and R. P. Singh. Mohammad Kaif (born December 1, 1980 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India) is an Indian Cricketer more specifically Piyush Pramod Chawla (born 24 December 1988 Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India is an Indian Cricketer who has played for the India U-19 Suresh Kumar Raina (born 27 November 1986 Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India is an Indian Cricketer from the state of Uttar Pradesh. Rudra Pratap Singh (born 6 December 1985 in Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India is a left arm fast-medium bowler who has represented India in Other famous sports personalities include hockey Olympians K. D. Singh, Mohammed Shahid and Ghaus Mohammad Khan, the tennis player who became the first Indian to reach the quarter finals at Wimbledon. Kunwar Digvijay Singh ( February 2, 1922 &ndash March 27, 1978) popularly known as "K Mohammed Shahid (born 14 April 1960) is a former Field hockey player from India. Ghaus Mohammad Khan from Lucknow was the first Indian to reach the Quarter Finals in the Wimbledon in 1939 where he lost to American tennis player Bobby Riggs The Championships Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon, is the oldest Tennis tournament in the world and is widely considered as the most prestigious

Further reading

• Rosie Llewellyn-Jones. City of Illusion. Prestel Verlag, 2006, 295pp. ISBN-10: 3791331302. ISBN-13: 978-3791331300.
• Rosie Llewellyn-Jones. Lucknow Then and Now. Marg Publications, India, 2003. ISBN-10: 8185026610. ISBN-13: 978-8185026619.

See also

• Siege of Lucknow
• Awadh
• Martin Purwa
• People from Lucknow
• Architecture of Lucknow
• Samuel Bourne

References

• The Principal Agglomerations of the World
• The India of the Nawabs, The New York Times, Published: February 25, 1990

External links

This article contains Indic text. The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries (writing systems used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia, Without rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Indic characters; or irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated

• A Cyber Joint for Lucknow University Alumni
• Lucknow travel guide from Wikitravel
• Lucknow at the Open Directory Project
• Lucknow city portal
• Lucknow city information website-private site hosted by a tour operator