| Louisville, Kentucky | |||
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| Nickname: Derby City, River City, Gateway to the South, Falls City, The 'Ville[1] | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Kentucky | ||
| County | Jefferson | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Jerry E. Abramson (D) | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 399 sq mi (1,032 km²) | ||
| - Land | 385 sq mi (997 km²) | ||
| - Water | 13 sq mi (35 km²) | ||
| Elevation | 466 ft (142 m) | ||
| Population (2007)[2] | |||
| - City | 709,286 (consolidated) 554,496 (balance) | ||
| - Density | 4,124. The Seal of Louisville was an emblem used for a visual representation for the city of Louisville Kentucky. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of the one hundred Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Jerry Edwin Abramson (born September 12 1946) is a Democratic Politician who is the longest serving Mayor of Louisville Kentucky. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/sq mi (1,592. 6/km²) | ||
| - Metro | 1,233,735 | ||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| Area code(s) | 502 | ||
| FIPS code | 21-48000 | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 0509453 | ||
| Website: www.louisvilleky.gov | |||
Louisville (usually pronounced /ˈluːǝvǝl/ ; see Pronunciation below) is Kentucky's largest city. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 502 serves the state of Kentucky 's north central counties primarily Louisville its suburbs and the state capital Frankfort. Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status It is ranked as either the 17th or 27th largest city in the United States depending on how the population is calculated (see Nomenclature, population and ranking below). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The settlement that became the City of Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark and is named after King Louis XVI of France. Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area George Rogers Clark (November 19 1752 – February 13 1818 was a soldier from Virginia and the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Louisville is famous as the home of "The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports": the Kentucky Derby, the widely watched first race of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing. The Kentucky Derby is a Grade I stakes race for three year-old thoroughbred horses held annually in Louisville Kentucky, on the first Saturday in May This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (although sometimes shortened to Triple Crown, the full name is used to avoid possible confusion with other sports consists of three
Louisville is situated in north-central Kentucky on the Kentucky-Indiana border at the only natural obstacle in the Ohio River, the Falls of the Ohio. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States, Louisville is the county seat of Jefferson County, and since 2003, the city's borders are coterminous with those of the county due to merger. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. In American Local government, a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction Because it includes counties in Southern Indiana, the Louisville metropolitan area is regularly referred to as Kentuckiana. Southern Indiana, in the United States, is notable because it is culturally and geographically distinct from the rest of the state The Louisville-Jefferson County KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, commonly called the Louisville metropolitan A resident of Louisville is referred to as a Louisvillian. Although situated in a Southern state, Louisville is influenced by both Midwestern and Southern culture, and is commonly referred to as either the northernmost Southern city or the southernmost Northern city in the United States. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive The Culture of the Southern United States or Southern Culture is a Subculture of the United States that has resulted from the blending of a heavy amount [3][4]
Louisville has been the site of many important innovations through history. Notable residents have included inventor Thomas Edison, the first Jewish Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, boxing legend Muhammad Ali, newscaster Diane Sawyer, and writer Hunter S. Thompson. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Louis Dembitz Brandeis ( November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American litigator, Supreme Court Justice, advocate Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Biography Early life Cassius Clay Jr was born on January 17 1942 Lily Diane Sawyer (born December 19, 1945) is a Television Reporter for ABC and co-anchor of its morning news show Hunter Stockton Thompson ( July 18, 1937 &ndash February 20, 2005) was an American Journalist and Author, most Notable events occurring in the city include the first public viewing place of Edison's light bulb, the first library open to African Americans in the South,[5][6] and medical advances including the first human hand transplant,[7] the first self-contained artificial heart transplant,[8] and the development site of the first cervical cancer vaccine. The Southern Exposition was a five-year series of World's Fairs held in the city of Louisville Kentucky from 1883 to 1887 in what is now Louisville's Old Louisville The incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is a source of electric Light that works by Incandescence, (a general African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Hand transplantation is a surgical procedure to transplant a hand from one human to another An artificial heart is a prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the biological Heart. Gardasil ( Merck & Co) is a Vaccine against certain types of Human papillomavirus (HPV [9]
Contents |
Nomenclature, population and ranking
| City of Louisville Population by year (Pre-merger)[10][11] |
|---|
2000 - 256,231 |
As of the 2000 Census, Louisville had a population of 256,231; which for the first time since 1820 was less than the population of Lexington, a city with a consolidated city-county government. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Lexington (officially Lexington-Fayette Urban County is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 68th largest in the United States. In American Local government, a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. However, on November 7, 2000 voters in Louisville and Jefferson County approved their own ballot measure to merge into a consolidated city-county government named Louisville-Jefferson County Metro Government (official long form) and Louisville Metro (official short form), which took effect January 1, 2003. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Jefferson County-Louisville merger has a population more than twice as large as Lexington-Fayette.
The U. S. Census Bureau gives two different population figures for Louisville: for the consolidated Louisville-Jefferson County it lists the 2006 estimated population as 701,500 (17th largest in the nation and equal to that of Jefferson County);[12][13] for the Louisville-Jefferson County balance it lists the population as 554,496 (27th largest). Louisville-Jefferson County (balance is a statistical entity defined by the United States Census Bureau to represent the portion of the Consolidated city-county of [14] The "balance" is a designation created by the Census Bureau to describe the portion of Louisville-Jefferson County that does not include any of the semi-independent separately incorporated places located within Louisville Metro (such as Anchorage, Middletown or Jeffersontown). Anchorage is a city in eastern Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. Middletown is a city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. Jeffersontown is a city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. [15]
Census methodology uses balance values in comparing consolidated cities to other cities for ranking purposes, so the lower ranking is the figure officially reported by the Census Bureau. Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area Nevertheless, the higher ranking continues to be claimed by Louisville Metro government and business leaders, widely reported in the local media, and it has even been posted on road signs at the city limits. Most countries post signage known as traffic signs or road signs, at the side of Roads to ----The term city limits (or city boundary) refers to the defined boundary of a City. [16]
The Louisville metropolitan area (MSA) (not to be confused with Louisville Metro), has a population of 1,233,735 ranking 42nd nationally. The Louisville-Jefferson County KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, commonly called the Louisville metropolitan See also Metropolitan Statistical Area, Core Based Statistical Area Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasThe United States Census Bureau has defined The metro area includes Louisville-Jefferson County and 12 surrounding counties, eight in Kentucky and four in Southern Indiana (see Geography below). A county of the United States is a local level of government created as a subdivision of a state by the state government or by the federal or territorial government as a subdivision Southern Indiana, in the United States, is notable because it is culturally and geographically distinct from the rest of the state The Louisville Combined Statistical Area includes the MSA and three additional counties. The Louisville-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg KY-IN Combined Statistical Area, created by the United States It has a total population of 1,369,049, which ranks 31st in the U. US Combined Statistical Areaspng|thumb|Map of the Combined Statistical Areas of the United States S.
Pronunciation
Most native residents pronounce the city's name /ˈluːǝvǝl/ (help:Pronunciation) — often this degrades further to /ˈlǝvǝl/ . The name is often pronounced far back in the mouth, in the top of the throat. The standard English pronunciation, however, is /ˈluːiːvɪl/ (referring to King Louis XVI, for whom the city is named), which is often utilized by political leaders and the media. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States No matter how Louisville is pronounced, the 's' is always silent. (This contrasts with the name of the following cities: Louisville, Colorado; Louisville, Georgia; Louisville, Mississippi; Louisville, Tennessee; and Louisville, Ohio, all of which are spelled the same, but are pronounced /ˈluːɪsvɪl/ . Louisville (ˈluːɪsvɪl is a Home Rule Municipality in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. Louisville is a town in Jefferson County, Georgia, United States. Louisville is a city in Winston County, Mississippi, United States. Louisville is a city in Blount County, Tennessee, United States. Louisville (pronounced LEWIS-ville is a city in Stark County in the U )
The variability of the local pronunciation of the city's name can perhaps be laid at the feet of the city's location on the border between the Northern and Southern regions of the United States. This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U Louisville's diverse population has traditionally represented elements of both Northern and Southern culture.
Regional migration patterns and the homogenization of dialect due to electronic media also may be responsible for the incidence of native-born Louisvillians adopting or affecting the standard English pronunciation. Human migration denotes any movement by Humans from one locality to another sometimes over long distances or A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Electronic media are media that utilize Electronics or Electromechanical energy for the End user ( Audience) to access the content English phonology is the study of the Phonology (ie the sound system of the English language. Nevertheless, the ['luːǝvǝl] pronunciation is most popular among residents and is, with few exceptions, used by news and sports reporters.
History
- See also: History of Kentucky, Louisville in the American Civil War, and The Filson Historical Society
The first European settlement made in the vicinity of modern-day Louisville was on Corn Island in 1778 by Col. The History of Louisville Kentucky spans hundreds of years and has been influenced by the area's unique Geography and location The History of Kentucky spans hundreds of years and has been influenced by the state's diverse Geography and central location Louisville in the American Civil War was a major stronghold of Union forces, which kept Kentucky firmly in the Union The Filson Historical Society (originally named the Filson Club) is a historical society located in the Old Louisville neighborhood of Louisville Kentucky George Rogers Clark (November 19 1752 – February 13 1818 was a soldier from Virginia and the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during Corn Island is a now-vanished island in the Ohio River, at head of the Falls of the Ohio, just north of Louisville Kentucky. George Rogers Clark. George Rogers Clark (November 19 1752 – February 13 1818 was a soldier from Virginia and the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during Today, Clark is recognized as the founder of Louisville, and several landmarks are named after him. [17]
Two years later, in 1780, the Virginia General Assembly approved the town charter of Louisville. The Virginia General Assembly is the legislative body of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The city was named in honor of King Louis XVI of France, whose soldiers at the time were aiding Americans in the Revolutionary War. Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Early residents lived in forts due to Indian raids, but were moving out by the late 1780s. [18] In 1803, explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark organized their expedition across America at the Falls of the Ohio in Louisville. Meriwether Lewis ( August 18, 1774 &ndash October 11, 1809) was an American Explorer, Soldier, and public administrator William Clark ( August 1, 1770 &ndash September 1, 1838) was an American explorer soldier Indian agent, and territorial governor The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States,
The city attributes its early growth to the fact that river boats had to be unloaded and moved downriver before reaching the falls. By 1828, the population had swelled to 7,000 and Louisville became an incorporated city. The city grew rapidly in its formative years. [19]
Louisville had one of the largest slave trades in the United States before the Civil War and much of the city's initial growth is attributed to that trade. Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Louisville was the turning point for many enslaved blacks since Kentucky, although it was to be a border state in the Civil War, was nevertheless a slave state and crossing the Ohio River could lead to freedom in the North. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa A slave state was a US state in which Slavery of African Americans was legal The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River.
During the Civil War Louisville was a major stronghold of Union forces, which kept Kentucky firmly in the Union. The Mid-Mississippi Valley Tornado Outbreak was a major Tornado outbreak occurring in the middle United States on March 27, 1890. Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was the center of planning, supplies, recruiting and transportation for numerous campaigns. By the end of the war, Louisville itself had not been attacked even once, even though surrounded by skirmishes and battles. After 1865 returning Confederate veterans largely took control of the city, leading to the jibe that it joined the Confederacy after the war was over. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
The first Kentucky Derby was held on May 17, 1875, at the Louisville Jockey Club track (later renamed to Churchill Downs). The Kentucky Derby is a Grade I stakes race for three year-old thoroughbred horses held annually in Louisville Kentucky, on the first Saturday in May Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common History The track is named for John and Henry Churchill who leased 80 acres (320000 m² of land to their nephew Colonel Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr The Derby was originally shepherded by Meriwether Lewis Clark, Jr., the grandson of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Colonel Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr ( January 27, 1846 &ndash April 22, 1899) was the founder of the Louisville Jockey Club and the 10,000 spectators were present at the first Derby to watch Aristides win the race. Aristides (1872-1893 was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the first Kentucky Derby in 1875
On March 27, 1890 the city was devastated and downtown nearly destroyed when an F4 tornado tore through the city at 8:30pm as part of the Mid-Mississippi Valley Tornado Outbreak of March 1890. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Fujita scale ( F-Scale) or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating Tornado intensity based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus The Mid-Mississippi Valley Tornado Outbreak was a major Tornado outbreak occurring in the middle United States on March 27, 1890. An estimated 74 to 120 people were killed. The city quickly recovered and signs of the tornado were nearly totally absent within a year.
In late January and February of 1937, a month of heavy rain in which 19" fell prompted what became remembered as the "Great Flood of '37". The Ohio River flood of 1937 took place in late January and February 1937 The Ohio River flood of 1937 took place in late January and February 1937 The flood submerged about 70% of the city, power was lost, and it forced the evacuation of 175,000 residents, and also led to fundamental changes in where residents bought houses. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge Today, the city is protected by numerous flood walls. A flood wall (or floodwall) is a man-made primarily vertical barrier designed to temporarily contain the waters of a River After the flood, the areas of high elevation in the eastern part of the city saw decades of growth.
Similar to many other older American cities, Louisville began to experience a flight of people and businesses to the suburbs in the 1960s and 1970s. Newly built freeways and interstates helped facilitate this shift. The West End and older areas of the South End in particular began to decline economically as many local factories closed. In 1974 a major (F4) tornado hit Louisville as part of the Super Outbreak of tornadoes that struck 13 states. The Fujita scale ( F-Scale) or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating Tornado intensity based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures The Super Outbreak is the largest Tornado outbreak on record for a single 24-hour period It covered 21 miles (34 km) and destroyed several hundred homes in the Louisville area but was only responsible for two deaths. [20]
Jefferson County had a population loss of 31,000 from 1970 to 1990, but has since gained 45,000. Fourth Street Live! is a Entertainment and Retail complex located on 4th Street between Liberty and Muhammad Ali Boulevard in Downtown Louisville Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area The population within the old city limits dropped by 134,000 from its peak in 1970, falling from 33rd nationally to 58th, although its population is now stabilizing. [21]
Since the 1980s, many of the city's urban neighborhoods have been revitalized into areas popular with young professionals and college students. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class The greatest change has occurred along the Bardstown Road corridor, Frankfort Avenue, and the Old Louisville neighborhood. The Highlands is an area of Louisville Kentucky which contains a high density of Nightclubs eclectic businesses and many upscale and fast food restaurants Clifton, a neighborhood east of downtown Louisville Kentucky USA Old Louisville is a Historic preservation district and neighborhood in central Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Downtown has also experienced a large amount of growth, including the tripling of its population since 1990, the conversion of waterfront industrial sites into Waterfront Park, and the refurbishing of the former Galleria into the bustling entertainment complex Fourth Street Live!. Louisville Waterfront Park is a 72- Acre (291000 m² municipal Park adjacent to the downtown area of Louisville Kentucky and the Ohio Fourth Street Live! is a Entertainment and Retail complex located on 4th Street between Liberty and Muhammad Ali Boulevard in Downtown Louisville
Geography
Louisville is located at (38. Louisville is a city in Jefferson County, Kentucky. It is located at the Falls of the Ohio River Beargrass Creek State Nature Preserve is a 41 acre Nature preserve in Louisville Kentucky 's Poplar Level neighborhood in roughly the central portion of 228870, -85. 749534)[22]. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Louisville Metro (in 2000 measurements for Jefferson County) has a total area of 399 square miles (1,032 km²), of which, 385 square miles (997 km²) of it is land and 13 square miles (35 km²) of it (3. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. 38%) is water.
Louisville is located in the Bluegrass region, but the city has a greater affinity for its location on the Ohio River, which spurred Louisville's growth from an isolated camp site into a major shipping port. The Bluegrass Region is a region of the United States, mostly in northern Kentucky, containing a majority of the state's population The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Much of the city is located on a very wide and flat flood plain surrounded by hill country on all sides. ||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||}A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a Stream or River that experiences occasional or periodic Much of the area was swampland and had to be drained as the city grew. In the 1840s most creeks were rerouted or placed in canals to prevent flooding and subsequent disease outbreaks.
Areas generally east of I-65 are above the flood plain, and are composed of gently rolling hills. The Southernmost parts of Jefferson County are in the scenic and largely undeveloped Knobs region home to Jefferson Memorial Forest. The Knobs region is in the United States of America in Kentucky. The Jefferson Memorial Forest is a Forest located in southwest Louisville Kentucky (formerly Jefferson County in the knobs region of Kentucky
The Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), the 42nd largest in the United States, includes the Kentucky county of Jefferson (coterminous with Louisville Metro), plus twelve outlying counties — eight in Kentucky and four in Southern Indiana. The Louisville-Jefferson County KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, commonly called the Louisville metropolitan See also Metropolitan Statistical Area, Core Based Statistical Area Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasThe United States Census Bureau has defined Southern Indiana, in the United States, is notable because it is culturally and geographically distinct from the rest of the state Between the 1990 Census and 2000 Census, the Louisville MSA's population outgrew Lexington's by 149,415 and Cincinnati's by 23,278. The Lexington-Fayette KY Metropolitan Statistical Area is the 109th largest Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA in the United States. The Cincinnati / Northern Kentucky metropolitan area is a Metropolitan area that includes 15 counties in the U This MSA is included in the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg, KY-IN Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which also includes the Elizabethtown, KY MSA as well as the Scottsburg, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area. The Louisville-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg KY-IN Combined Statistical Area, created by the United States Elizabethtown is a city in Hardin County, Kentucky, United States. Scottsburg is a city in Vienna Township, Scott County, Indiana, United States, about 30 miles (47 Table of United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical Areas United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas (µSA where the initial Greek letter The Louisville CSA ranks 39th in the U. US Combined Statistical Areaspng|thumb|Map of the Combined Statistical Areas of the United States S. in population. [23]
Climate
Louisville is located on the northern limit of the humid subtropical climate. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters Summers are typically hot and humid with mildly warm evenings. The mean annual temperature is 56 °F (13 °C), with an average annual snowfall of 16. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 4 inches (41 cm) and an average annual rainfall of 44. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. 53 inches (1131 mm). The wettest seasons are the spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant all year round. During the winter, particularly in January and February, several days of snow can be expected, allowing for winter sports. "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. A winter sport is a Sport commonly played during Winter. As a formal term it refers to a sport played on Snow or Ice, but informally can refer January is the coldest month with average highs of 41 °F (5 °C) and average lows of 25 °F (5 to −4 °C) and July the hottest month with average high and low temperatures from 87 to 69. 8 °F (31 and 21 °C). [25] The highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on July 14, 1954, and the lowest recorded temperature was −22 °F (−30 °C) on January 19, 1994. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) [26] However, in any season, temperatures can vary widely day by day, because of Louisville's location where many fronts often converge. Severe weather is not uncommon; the area is prone to almost all types of non-tropical weather extremes, including tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, ice storms and extreme heat and cold. Severe weather is any destructive weather phenomenon. The term is usually used to refer to severe thunderstorms and related phenomena such as Tornados A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus An ice storm is a type of Winter storm characterized by Freezing rain.
Much like the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, Louisville's Ohio River Valley location traps air pollution. The San Fernando Valley or The Valley is an urbanized Valley located in the north-western section of the city of Los Angeles California, United States Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort The city is ranked by Environmental Defense as America's 38th worst city for air quality. Environmental Defense Fund or EDF (formerly known as Environmental Defense) is a US -based nonprofit environmental advocacy group. [27] Louisville also often exemplifies the heat island effect. An urban heat island ( UHI) is a metropolitan area which is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas Temperatures in commercial areas and in the industrialized areas along interstates are often higher than in the suburbs, particularly the shaded areas, like Anchorage, where temperatures are often five degrees Fahrenheit (3 °C) cooler. Anchorage is a city in eastern Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States.
Cityscape
The downtown business district of Louisville is located immediately south of the Ohio River, and southeast of the Falls of the Ohio. Louisville Kentucky is home to numerous structures that are noteworthy due to their architectural characteristics or historic associations the most noteworthy being the Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area This is a list of official neighborhoods in Louisville Kentucky. Following is a list of Parks Forests and Nature preserves in the metropolitan area of Louisville Kentucky: Louisville Metro Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area South is one of Cardinal directions and is opposite to the North. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States, Major roads extend outwards from the downtown area to all directions, like the spokes of a wheel. The airport is located approximately 6. Louisville International Airport is a public Airport centrally located in the city of Louisville in Jefferson County, Kentucky, USA 75 miles (10 km) south of the downtown area. The industrial sections of town are located to the south and west of the airport, while most of the residential areas of the city are located to the southwest, south and east of downtown. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Within a urban area there is a tendency for land uses to Aggregate. The Louisville skyline is slated to be changed with the proposed 62-story Museum Plaza as well as a 22,000-seat waterfront arena. Louisville Museum Plaza is a 62-story skyscraper planned for Louisville Kentucky. The Louisville waterfront arena (yet to be officially named is a proposed $252 million 22000-seat basketball and multipurpose arena slated to open in fall 2010 on the Ohio River
Another primary business and industrial district is located in the suburban area east of the city on Hurstbourne Parkway. Industrial district was initially introduced as a term to describe an area where workers of a monolithic Heavy industry ( Ship-building, Coal mining, [28] Louisville's late 19th and early 20th century development was spurred by three large suburban parks built at the edges of the city in 1890.
The city's architecture contains a blend of old and new. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation The Old Louisville neighborhood is the largest historic preservation district solely featuring Victorian homes and buildings in the United States, it is also the third largest such district overall. Old Louisville is a Historic preservation district and neighborhood in central Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Historic preservation or heritage conservation is a professional endeavor that seeks to preserve the ability of older (e The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the There are many modern skyscrapers downtown, as well as older preserved structures. The buildings of West Main Street in downtown Louisville boast the largest collection of cast iron facades of anywhere outside of New York's SoHo district. Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but identifies a large group of Ferrous Alloys which solidify with a Eutectic. The City of New York This article is about an area of Manhattan, New York City. For the area in London UK see Soho. [29]
Since the mid-20th century, Louisville has in some ways been divided up into three sides of town: the West End, the South End, and the East End. Werne's Row is a row of five nearly identical Chateauesque mansions in the Old Louisville neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky, USA Old Louisville is a Historic preservation district and neighborhood in central Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area In 2003, Bill Dakan, a University of Louisville geography professor, said that the West End, west of 7th Street and north of Algonquin Parkway, is "a euphemism for the African-American part of town" although he points out that this belief is not entirely true, and most Africans Americans no longer live in areas where more than 80% of residents are black. A euphemism is a substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener or in the case of doublespeak
Nevertheless, he says the perception is still strong. [30] The South End has long had a reputation as a white, working-class part of town, while the East End has been seen as middle and upper class. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Is a concept in Sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a Social hierarchy. [31]
According to the Greater Louisville Association of Realtors, the area with the lowest median home sales price is west of Interstate 65, in the West and South Ends, the middle range of home sales prices are between Interstates 64 and 65 in the South and East Ends, and the highest median home sales price are north of Interstate 64 in the East End. [32] Immigrants from Southeast Asia tend to settle in the South End, while immigrants from Eastern Europe settle in the East End. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. [33]
Government and politics
- See also: List of mayors of Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville Metro is governed by an executive dubbed the Metro Mayor as well as a city legislature dubbed the Metro Council. Louisville Metro is governed by an executive dubbed the Metro Mayor as well as a city legislature dubbed the Metro Council. The history of Louisville Kentucky as a city is considered to have started on February 13, 1828, the date of the first city charter The history of Louisville Kentucky as a city is considered to have started on February 13, 1828, the date of the first city charter A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. The Louisville Metro Council is the city legislature of Louisville Kentucky (Louisville Metro The first and current Metro Mayor is Jerry E. Abramson (D), who was also the longest serving Mayor of the former City of Louisville's history, serving from 1985 to 1998. Jerry Edwin Abramson (born September 12 1946) is a Democratic Politician who is the longest serving Mayor of Louisville Kentucky. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The history of Louisville Kentucky as a city is considered to have started on February 13, 1828, the date of the first city charter This has earned him the nickname "Mayor for Life"[34]
The Metro Council consists of 26 seats corresponding to 26 districts apportioned by population throughout the city and county. The residents of the semi-independent municipalities within Louisville Metro are apportioned to districts along with all other county residents. Half (13) of the seats come up for reelection every two years. The council is chaired by a Council President, currently Jim King (D), who is elected by the council members annually. The Louisville Metro Council is the city legislature of Louisville Kentucky (Louisville Metro
The Official Seal of the City of Louisville, no longer used following the formation of a consolidated city-county government in 2003, reflected its history and heritage in the fleur-de-lis representing French aid given during the Revolutionary War, and the thirteen stars signify the original colonies. In American Local government, a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction The fleur-de-lys (or fleur-de-lis, plural fleurs-de-lis ˌfləː(rdəˈliː (ˌfləː(rdəˈlɪs in Quebec) translated from French as "lily This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The new seal of the consolidated government retains the fleur-de-lis, but has only two stars, one representing the city and the other the county.
Kentucky's 3rd congressional district is roughly coterminous with Louisville Metro, which is represented by Rep. John Yarmuth (D), though some of the southern areas of the city are in the 2nd congressional district, which is represented by Ron Lewis (R). United States House of Representatives Kentucky District 3 is a district of the United States Congress encompassing nearly the whole of Louisville Kentucky The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. John Yarmuth (born November 4, 1947) is the US Representative for. United States House of Representatives Kentucky District 2 is a district of the United States Congress in Western-central Kentucky. Ronald (Ron Lewis (born September 14 1946) an American Politician, has been a Republican member of the United States House [35]
Crime and public safety
- See also: Louisville Metro Police Department
Louisville is consistently ranked as one of the safest cities in the country and has been ranked in the Top 10 safest large cities by Morgan Quitno in the past 4 years. The Louisville Metro Police Department ( LMPD) began operations on January 6, 2003, as part of the creation of the Consolidated city-county government The Louisville Metro Police Department ( LMPD) began operations on January 6, 2003, as part of the creation of the Consolidated city-county government Morgan Quitno Press is a research and publishing company based out of Lawrence, Kansas. In the 2005 Morgan Quitno survey, Louisville was rated as the seventh safest large city in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [36] The 2006 edition of the survey ranked Louisville eighth. [37]
| Year | Murders |
|---|---|
| 2005 | 55 |
| 2006 | 50 |
| 2007 | 79 |
| 2008 | 17 (as of 4-21) |
In 2006, Louisville-Jefferson County recorded only 50 murders, compared to over 100 murders in the similarly sized cities of Cincinnati, Columbus, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Memphis, and Nashville. Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County. Louisville's total crime rate was less than half of most surrounding cities. Crime statistics attempt to provide a statistical measure of the level or amount of- Crime that is prevalent in societies [38]
The Louisville Metro Area's overall violent crime rate was 412. A violent crime or crime of violence is a Crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim 6 per 100,000 residents in 2005, compared with a rate of 894. 1 for Nashville, 575. 4 for Indianapolis, and 544. 4 for St Louis. [39] The Elizabethtown, Kentucky Metro Area, which is part of Louisville's Combined Statistical Area, was the 17th safest Metro in the U. S. [40] Kentucky has the 5th lowest violent crime rate out of the 50 States. [41]
Violent crime is most concentrated West of Downtown, especially in the Russell neighborhood. Russell is a neighborhood immediately west of downtown Louisville Kentucky, USA The West End, located north of Algonquin Parkway and West of 9th Street, had 32 of the city's 79 murders in 2007. [42]
Demographics
- Note: All demographics are the same as that of Jefferson County, Kentucky, which merged with the former City of Louisville on January 6, 2003. Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
As of the census[43] of 2000, there were 693,604 people, 287,012 households, and 183,113 families residing in the city/county. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 1,801 people per square mile (695/km²). Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume There were 305,835 housing units at an average density of 794/sq mi (307/km²). The racial makeup of the city/county is 77. 38% White, 18. 88% Black or African American, 0. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa 22% Native American, 1. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. 39% Asian, 0. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian 04% Pacific Islander, 0. Pacific Islander Americans are residents of the United States with original ancestry from Oceania. 68% from other races, and 1. 42% from two or more races. 1. 78% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America
As of 2007, the demographics of the actual "city" of Louisville (which does not include the population of the county) puts Louisville at 245,315 people and 3,995 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city is 60. 05% white, 35. 22% black, 1. 86% Asian, 0. 24% Native American, and 2. 95% 'Other'. 2. 42% of the people in Louisville, KY, claim hispanic ethnicity (meaning 97. 58% are non-hispanic).
There were 287,012 households out of which 29. 60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45. 20% were married couples living together, 14. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36. 20% were non-families. 30. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 37 and the average family size was 2. 97.
The age distribution is 24. 30% under the age of 18, 8. 90% from 18 to 24, 30. 40% from 25 to 44, 22. 80% from 45 to 64, and 13. 50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 91. 60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87. 60 males.
The median income for a household is $39,457, and the median income for a family was $49,161. The median household income is commonly used to provide data about geographic areas and divides households into two equal segments with the first half of Households earning less Males had a median income of $36,484 versus $26,255 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,352. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 9. 50% of families and 12. 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 10% of those under age 18 and 8. 80% of those ages 65 or over.
17% of the state's population lives in Jefferson County and 25% live in counties in the Louisville CSA, and also Jefferson County has 2. 5 times more people than Kentucky's second most populous county, Fayette County. 12 of the 15 buildings in Kentucky over 300 feet (91 m) are located in downtown Louisville. Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area Over one-third of the population growth in Kentucky is in Louisville's CSA counties.
Religion
Religion is very prominent in Louisville which hosts several religious institutions of various faiths. The Cathedral of the Assumption is the Cathedral Mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville in Louisville Kentucky. There are 135,421 Catholic Louisvillians who are part of the Archdiocese of Louisville covering 24 counties in central Kentucky (consisting of 121 parishes and missions spread over 8,124 square miles). [44] The Cathedral of the Assumption located in downtown Louisville is the seat of the Archdiocese of Louisville. The Cathedral of the Assumption is the Cathedral Mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville in Louisville Kentucky. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville consists of twenty-four counties in Central Kentucky, USA covering 8124 square miles Our Lady of Gethsemani Abbey, the monastic home of Catholic writer Thomas Merton, is in nearby Bardstown, Kentucky and also located in the archdiocese. Abbey of Gethsemani is located at 3642 Monks Road in Trappist, Kentucky, ten miles south of Bardstown. Thomas Merton ( 31 January 1915 – 10 December 1968) was one of the most influential Catholic writers of the 20th century Bardstown is a city in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States. Louisville is also the home of Our Lady's Rosary Makers, the largest Catholic Rosary making group in the United States with 17,000 active members worldwide. Our Lady's Rosary Makers is a non-profit apostolate in Louisville Kentucky dedicated to spreading devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Rosary. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The Rosary (from Latin rosarium, meaning "rose garden" or "garland of roses" is a popular traditional Roman Catholic devotion.
A sizable number of Louisvillians belong to a Protestant faith. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. One in three Louisvillians is Southern Baptist belonging to one of 147 local Southern Baptist Congregations. [45] Southeast Christian Church, a megachurch and one of the largest Christian churches in the United States, is located in Louisville. Southeast Christian Church is an evangelical, Christian church in Louisville Kentucky. A megachurch is a church having around 2000 attendants for a typical weekly service Church (disambiguation Christian Church and the word church are used to denote both a Christian association of people and a Place of worship The city is home to The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary and the headquarters of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary is located in Louisville Kentucky and is the flagship Seminary of the Southern Baptist Convention, or SBC Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary is a Seminary affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA, located in Louisville Kentucky. The Presbyterian Church (USA or PC (USA is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. Additionally, Louisville is home to the oldest African American Seventh-day Adventist congregation, Magazine Street Seventh-day Adventist Church. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance The historic Christ Church Cathedral is the seat of the Episcopal Diocese of Kentucky. The historic Christ Church Cathedral, located at 421 South 2nd Street Louisville Kentucky, was founded in May 31 1822 The Episcopal Diocese of Kentucky is a Diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the western half of the state of Kentucky
Louisville is home to three Eastern Orthodox parishes. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Assumption Greek Orthodox Church, as well as two Antiochian parishes, St. George and St. Michael the Archangel serve the Orthodox of the area.
The Louisville Kentucky Temple, the 76th temple of the Latter Day Saints (Mormon) faith, is located in nearby Crestwood. The Louisville Kentucky Temple is the 76th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. A Latter TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon Crestwood is a city in Oldham County, Kentucky, United States.
There is a Jewish population of around 8,500 in the city and five synagogues. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Most Jewish families originally came from Eastern Europe at the turn of the 20th century, and around 800 Soviet Jews have moved to Louisville since 1991. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. [46] Jewish immigrants founded Jewish Hospital, which was once the center of the city's Jewish district. Jewish hospital recently merged with the Catholic healthcare system CARITAS. This article describes policy-related systems For the article on hospital networks which are sometimes referred to as health care systems see Hospital network.
Kentucky's only Hindu temple opened in suburban Louisville in 1999, and had about 125 members and two full-time priests in 2000. A Hindu temple or Mandir ( Sanskrit: मंदिर is a house of worship for Hindus followers of Hinduism. [47] In 2001, there were an estimated four to ten thousand practicing Muslims in Louisville attending six local mosques. [48]
Economy
- See also: Greater Louisville Inc.
Louisville's early economy first developed through the shipping and cargo industries. Its strategic location at the Falls of the Ohio, as well as its unique position in the central United States (within one day's road travel to 60% of the cities in the continental U. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the S. ) make it an ideal location for the transfer of cargo along its route to other destinations. [49] The Louisville and Portland Canal and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad were important links in water and rail transportation. The McAlpine Locks and Dam refers to the series of locks and the Hydroelectric dam in Louisville Kentucky at the Falls of the Ohio. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad was a Class I railroad that operated freight and passenger services in the southeast United States. Louisville's importance to the shipping industry continues today with the presence of the Worldport global air hub for UPS at Louisville International Airport. Shipping is physical process of Transporting goods and Cargo. Worldport is the worldwide air hub for UPS (United Parcel Service located at the Louisville International Airport in Louisville, Kentucky. United Parcel Service Inc ( commonly referred to as UPS, is one of the world's largest Package delivery companies Louisville's location at the crossroads of three major Interstate highways (I-64, I-65 and I-71) also contributes to its modern-day strategic importance to the shipping and cargo industry. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) Interstate 64 (abbreviated I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. Interstate 65 (I-65 is a major Interstate Highway in the United States. Interstate 71 (I-71 is an Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes/Midwestern region of the United States. As of 2003, Louisville ranks as the 7th largest inland port in the United States. The term inland port is used in two different but related ways to mean either a port on an inland Waterway or an inland site carrying out some functions of a Seaport [50]
Recently, Louisville has emerged as a major center for the health care and medical sciences industries. Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Louisville has been central to advancements in heart and hand surgery as well as cancer treatment. Cardiac surgery is Surgery on the Heart and/or Great vessels performed by a Cardiac surgeon. The field of hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or Upper extremity (commonly from the Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Some of the earliest artificial heart transplants were conducted in Louisville. An artificial heart is a prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the biological Heart. Louisville's thriving downtown medical research campus includes a new $88 million rehabilitation center, and a health sciences research and commercialization park that, in partnership with the University of Louisville, has lured nearly 70 top scientists and researchers. Health science is the applied science dealing with Health, and it includes many sub disciplines Louisville is also home to Humana, one of the nation's largest health insurance companies. Humana Inc ( founded in 1961 in Louisville Kentucky, is a Fortune 500 company that markets and administers health benefit consumer services The term health insurance is generally used to describe a form of Insurance that pays for medical expenses
Louisville is home to several major corporations and organizations:
- Brown-Forman Corporation (Fortune 1000)
- Hillerich & Bradsby (known for Louisville Slugger baseball bats)
- Hilliard Lyons (investment firm)
- Republic Bank
- Stock Yards Bank
- Humana (Fortune 500)
- Kindred Healthcare Incorporated (Fortune 500)
- Norton Healthcare
- Papa John's Pizza
- PharMerica (Fortune 1000)
- Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
- Yum! Brands, Inc. (owners of KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell which were formerly Tricon Global Restaurants (a spin-off of PepsiCo) as well as Long John Silver's and A & W Restaurants which were formerly Yorkshire Global Restaurants) (Fortune 500)
Louisville for a long time was also home to Brown & Williamson, the third largest company in the tobacco industry before merging with R. J. Reynolds in 2004 to form the Reynolds American Company. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business The Brown-Forman Corporation is one of the largest American -owned companies in the spirits and Wine business and is a diversified producer and marketer Please do not add the complete list of fortune 1000 companies Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each PNC Financial Services ( is a US -based Financial services Corporation, with Assets (as of December 31, 2006) of Republic Bank is a leading bank in Trinidad and Tobago and one of the largest in the Eastern Caribbean Humana Inc ( founded in 1961 in Louisville Kentucky, is a Fortune 500 company that markets and administers health benefit consumer services Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content Kindred Healthcare Incorporated ( is a healthcare services company that through its subsidiaries operates hospitals nursing centers and contract rehabilitation services across the Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content Norton Healthcare is Kentucky 's largest healthcare system with more than 40 locations in and around Louisville Kentucky. Papa John's Pizza ( is the third largest Take-out and delivery Pizza restaurant chain in the United States, behind Pizza Hut PharMerica is a publicly-traded Fortune 1000 company formed in January 2007 from the merger of Kindred Healthcare 's pharmacy business with a subsidiary Please do not add the complete list of fortune 1000 companies The Presbyterian Church (USA or PC (USA is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. Yum! Brands Inc ( or Yum! is a Fortune 500 Corporation, that operates or licenses Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and Kentucky Fried Chicken, usually known as KFC, is a chain of Fast food restaurants based in Louisville Kentucky. Taco Bell Corp, a subsidiary of Yum! Brands Inc, is a restaurant chain based in Irvine California specializing in Tex-Mex -inspired PepsiCo Incorporated (Short for Pepsi Company ( is a large conglomerate with interests in manufacturing marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non- carbonated Long John Silver's Inc is a United States -based Fast-food restaurant that specializes in Seafood and Fish and chips. A&W Restaurants Inc is a chain of Fast-food restaurants, distinguished by its draft Root beer and Root beer floats. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content Humana Inc ( founded in 1961 in Louisville Kentucky, is a Fortune 500 company that markets and administers health benefit consumer services Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area Brown & Williamson was an American Tobacco company and subsidiary of the giant British American Tobacco, that produced several popular Cigarette The tobacco industry comprises those persons and companies engaged in the growth preparation for sale shipment advertisement and distribution of Tobacco and tobacco-related Richard Joshua "RJ" Reynolds ( July 20, 1850 - July 29, 1918) was an American businessman and founder of the R Reynolds American Inc ( is an American company whose holdings include R Brown & Williamson, one of the subjects of the tobacco industry scandals of the 1990s, was the focus of The Insider, a 1999 film shot around the Louisville area. A corporate scandal is a Scandal involving allegations of unethical behavior by people acting within or on behalf of a corporation The Insider is a 1999 film that tells the true story of a 60 Minutes Television series exposé of the Tobacco industry The year 1999 in film involved some significant events and was arguably the most successful year for films released in the 1990s Also located in Louisville are two major Ford plants, and a major General Electric appliance factory. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following
Additionally, one third of all of the bourbon whiskey comes from Louisville. Bourbon is an American Whiskey, a type of distilled spirit, made primarily from Corn and named for Bourbon County Kentucky. The Brown-Forman Corporation is one of the major makers of bourbon, which is headquartered in Louisville. The Brown-Forman Corporation is one of the largest American -owned companies in the spirits and Wine business and is a diversified producer and marketer Other major distilleries of bourbon can be found both in the city of Louisville, and in neighboring cities in Kentucky. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America.
Louisville also prides itself in its large assortment of small, independent businesses and restaurants, some of which have become known for their ingenuity and creativity. In 1926 the Brown Hotel became the home of the Hot Brown "sandwich". This article is about the Brown Hotel in Kentucky US for Browns Hotel in London see that article A Hot Brown is a hot sandwich originally created at the Brown Hotel in Louisville Kentucky, by Fred K A few blocks away, the Seelbach Hotel, which F. Scott Fitzgerald references in The Great Gatsby, is also famous for a secret back room where Al Capone would regularly meet with associates during the Prohibition era. The Seelbach Hotel, now known as the Seelbach Hilton, was founded by Bavarian born brothers Louis and Otto Seelbach Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24 1896 – December 21 1940 was an American writer of Novels and Short stories, whose works are evocative of the The Great Gatsby is a Novel by the American author F Scott Fitzgerald. Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone (January 17 1899 &ndash January 25 1947 commonly nicknamed Scarface, was an Italian American Gangster who Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol
Several major motion pictures have also been filmed in or near Louisville, including Goldfinger, Stripes, The Insider, Lawn Dogs, Nice Guys Sleep Alone, Keep Your Distance and Elizabethtown. Goldfinger (1964 is the third James Bond film, as well as the third to star Sean Connery as MI6 agent James Bond. Stripes is a 1981 American comedy Film starring Bill Murray, Harold Ramis, Warren Oates, and Lawn Dogs is a ( 1997) Drama film directed by John Duigan and screenwritten by Naomi Wallace. Elizabethtown is a 2005 American British Film written and directed by Cameron Crowe starring Orlando Bloom and
Culture
Annual festivals and other events
Louisville is home to a number of annual cultural events. This is a list of notable visitor attractions and annual events in the Louisville metropolitan area The Kentucky Derby Festival is an annual festival held in Louisville Kentucky during the two weeks preceding the first Saturday in May the day Thunder Over Louisville, the annual kickoff event of the Kentucky Derby Festival, is an Airshow and Fireworks display held in late April in Louisville The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Perhaps most well-known is the Kentucky Derby, held annually during the first Saturday of May. The Kentucky Derby is a Grade I stakes race for three year-old thoroughbred horses held annually in Louisville Kentucky, on the first Saturday in May The Derby is preceded by a two-week long Kentucky Derby Festival, which starts with the annual Thunder Over Louisville, the largest annual fireworks display in the nation. The Kentucky Derby Festival is an annual festival held in Louisville Kentucky during the two weeks preceding the first Saturday in May the day Thunder Over Louisville, the annual kickoff event of the Kentucky Derby Festival, is an Airshow and Fireworks display held in late April in Louisville A firework is classified as a low explosive pyrotechnic device used primarily for aesthetic and entertainment purposes The Kentucky Derby Festival also features notable events such as the Pegasus Parade, The Great Steamboat Race, Great Balloon Race, a marathon, and about seventy events in total. The marathon is a long-distance foot race with an official distance of 42 Esquire magazine has called the Kentucky Derby "the biggest party in the south. "
Usually beginning in late February or early March is the Humana Festival of New American Plays at Actors Theatre of Louisville, an internationally acclaimed new-play festival that lasts approximately six weeks. Humana Festival of New American Plays is an internationally renowned festival that celebrates the contemporary American playwright Actors Theatre of Louisville is a Performing arts Theater located in downtown Louisville Kentucky.
On Memorial Day Weekend, Louisville hosts the largest annual Beatles Festival in the world, Abbey Road on the River. Memorial Day is a United States Federal holiday observed on the last Monday of May (on May in) The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 The festival lasts five days and is located on the Belvedere in downtown Louisville. Riverfront Plaza/Belvedere is a public area on the Ohio River in Downtown Louisville, Kentucky.
The summer season in Louisville also features a series of cultural events such as the Kentucky Shakespeare Festival (commonly called Shakespeare in the Park), held in July of every year and features free Shakespeare plays in Central Park in Old Louisville. The Kentucky Shakespeare Festival, commonly called Shakespeare in the Park, is a cultural event which features free Shakespeare performances Shakespeare in the Park is a concept used across the world as a form of free public presentation of William Shakespeare's works William Shakespeare ( baptised Central Park is a municipal park maintained by the city of Louisville Kentucky. Old Louisville is a Historic preservation district and neighborhood in central Louisville, Kentucky, USA. The Kentucky State Fair is held every August at the Kentucky Exposition Center in Louisville as well, featuring an array of culture from all areas of Kentucky. The Kentucky State Fair is the State fair of Kentucky which takes place at the Kentucky Exposition Center in Louisville. The Kentucky Exposition Center (KEC formerly Kentucky Fair and Exposition Center (KFEC is a large multi-use facility in Louisville Kentucky, United States The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America.
In September is the Adam Matthews Balloon Festival, the fifth largest hot air balloon festival in the nation. The hot air balloon is the oldest successful human-carrying Flight technology The festival features early morning balloon races, as well as balloon glows in the evening. Also in September, in nearby Bardstown, is the annual Kentucky Bourbon Festival, which features some of the finest bourbon in the world. Bardstown is a city in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States. Bourbon is an American Whiskey, a type of distilled spirit, made primarily from Corn and named for Bourbon County Kentucky. The suburb of Jeffersontown is also the home of the annual Gaslight Festival, a series of events spread over a week. Jeffersontown is a city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. Attendance is approximately 200,000 for the week.
The month of October features the St. James Court Art Show in Old Louisville. The St James Court Art Show, colloquially called the St James Art Fair, or just St Thousands of artists gather on the streets and in the courtyard to exhibit and sell their wares, and the event is attended by many art collectors and enthusiasts. The show is the second most attended event next to the Derby. Another art-related event that occurs every month is the First Friday Trolley Hop. A TARC trolley takes art lovers to many downtown area art galleries on the first Friday of every month. The Transit Authority of River City (TARC is the major public transportation provider for the Louisville Metro area as well as the Kentucky suburbs of Oldham
Museums, galleries and interpretive centers
- See also: Museums of Louisville, Kentucky and List of attractions and events in Louisville, Kentucky
The West Main District in downtown Louisville features what is locally known as "Museum Row". This is a list of museums galleries and interpretive centers in the Louisville Kentucky area This is a list of notable visitor attractions and annual events in the Louisville metropolitan area The West Main District is one of the five districts of downtown Louisville Kentucky. Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area In this area, the Frazier International History Museum, which opened in 2004, features a collection of arms, armor and related historical artifacts spanning 1,000 years, concentrating on U.S. and UK arms. The Frazier International History Museum, formerly the Frazier Historical Arms Museum, is an museum located in Louisville Kentucky 's "Museum Row" in the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The building features three stories of exhibits, two reenactment arenas, a 120-seat auditorium, and a 48-seat movie theater. Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue Also nearby is the Louisville Science Center, which is Kentucky's largest hands-on science center and features interactive exhibits, IMAX films, educational programs and technology networks. The Louisville Science Center, previously known as the Louisville Museum of Natural History & Science, is Kentucky 's largest hands-on Science Museum The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. IMAX (short for Image MAXimum is a Film format created by Canada 's IMAX Corporation that has the capacity to display images of far greater size and The Muhammad Ali Center opened November 2005 in "Museum Row" and features Louisville native Muhammad Ali's boxing memorabilia, as well as information on the core themes that he has taken to heart: peace, social responsibility, respect and personal growth. The Muhammad Ali Center, a tribute to the man and his values is located in Louisville Kentucky 's "Museum Row" in the West Main District of downtown Biography Early life Cassius Clay Jr was born on January 17 1942 Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Social responsibility is an ethical or ideological theory that an Entity whether it is a Government, Corporation, Organization Self-help or self-improvement refers to self-guided improvement—economically intellectually or emotionally—most frequently with a substantial psychological or spiritual
The Speed Art Museum opened in 1927 and is the oldest and largest art museum in the state of Kentucky. Biography Early life Cassius Clay Jr was born on January 17 1942 Interstate 64 (abbreviated I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. The Speed Art Museum, colloquially referred to as the Speed by locals is the oldest and largest Museum of Art in Kentucky. An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Located adjacent to the University of Louisville, the museum features over 12,000 pieces of art in its permanent collection and hosts regular temporary exhibitions. The University of Louisville (also known as U of L) is a public University in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Multiple art galleries are located in the city, but they are especially concentrated in the East Market Street area of downtown. This row of galleries, plus others in the West Main District, are prominently featured in the monthly First Friday Trolley Hop.
Several local history museums can be found in the Louisville area. Historic Locust Grove is a 55- Acre 18th century farm site and National Historic Landmark situated in eastern Jefferson County Kentucky (now a part of George Rogers Clark (November 19 1752 – February 13 1818 was a soldier from Virginia and the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during Local history is the study of History in a geographically local context The most prominent among them is The Filson Historical Society, founded in 1884, which has holdings exceeding 1. The Filson Historical Society (originally named the Filson Club) is a historical society located in the Old Louisville neighborhood of Louisville Kentucky 5 million manuscript items and over 50,000 volumes in the library. The Filson's extensive collections focus on Kentucky, the Upper South, and the Ohio River Valley, and contain a large collection of portraiture and over ten thousand museum artifacts. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The terms Upper South and Upland South refer to the northern part of the Southern United States, in contrast to the Lower South or Deep South. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Other local history museums include the Portland Museum, Historic Locust Grove, Conrad-Caldwell House Museum, the Falls of the Ohio State Park interpretive center (Clarksville, Indiana), Howard Steamboat Museum (Jeffersonville, Indiana) and the Carnegie Center for Art and History (New Albany, Indiana). The Portland Museum is a local history museum in Louisville Kentucky. Historic Locust Grove is a 55- Acre 18th century farm site and National Historic Landmark situated in eastern Jefferson County Kentucky (now a part of The St James-Belgravia Historic District, within Old Louisville, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 Falls of the Ohio State Park is a State park in Indiana. It is located on the banks of the Ohio River at Clarksville Indiana, across from An interpretation centre, or interpretive centre, is an institution for dissemination of knowledge of natural or Cultural heritage. Clarksville is a town in Clark County, Indiana, along the Ohio River as apart of the Louisville Metropolitan area. The Howard Steamboat Museum is located in Jeffersonville Indiana, across from Louisville Kentucky. Jeffersonville (ˈdʒɛfɚsənˌvɪl is a city in Clark County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. The Carnegie Center for Art and History, within the Downtown Historic District of New Albany Indiana, is a local museum New Albany (nuː ˈɑlbəni is a city in Floyd County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River opposite Louisville Kentucky The Falls interpretive center, part of the Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area, also functions as a natural history museum, covering findings in the nearby exposed Devonian fossil bed. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States, Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era spanning from to million years ago. FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system.
There are also several historical properties and items of interest in the area, including the Belle of Louisville, the oldest Mississippi-style steamboat in operation in the United States. The Belle of Louisville is a Steamboat owned and operated by the city of Louisville Kentucky and moored at its downtown wharf next to the The Belle of Louisville is a Steamboat owned and operated by the city of Louisville Kentucky and moored at its downtown wharf next to the Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Marine Hospital of Louisville is considered the best remaining antebellum hospital in the United States. The United States Marine Hospital in Louisville Kentucky, in the Portland neighborhood was built in 1845 and is considered the best remaining Antebellum " Antebellum " is an expression derived from Latin that means "before war" ( ante, "before" and bellum It was designed by Robert Mills, who is best known as the designer of the Washington Monument. Robert Mills ( August 12 1781 – March 3, 1855) is sometimes called the first native born American to become a professional The Washington Monument is a large tall sand-colored Obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington D Fort Knox, spread out among Bullitt, Hardin and Meade Counties (two of which are in the Louisville metropolitan area), is home to the U.S. Bullion Depository and the General George Patton Museum. Fort Knox is a United States Army post in Kentucky south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. Bullitt County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky, just south of the city of Louisville Hardin County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Meade County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. The Louisville-Jefferson County KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, commonly called the Louisville metropolitan The United States Bullion Depository, commonly called Fort Knox is a fortified vault building located near Fort Knox Kentucky which is used to store a large The General George Patton Museum (formerly the Patton Museum of Cavalry and Armor is a museum in Fort Knox Kentucky dedicated to General George S The previously mentioned Locust Grove, former home of Louisville Founder George Rogers Clark, portrays life in the early days of the city. George Rogers Clark (November 19 1752 – February 13 1818 was a soldier from Virginia and the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during Other notable properties include the Farmington Historic Home (home of the famous Speed family), Riverside, The Farnsley-Moremen Landing, and the restored Union Station, which was opened in September 7, 1891. Farmington an 18 acre historic site in Louisville Kentucky, was once the center of a Hemp plantation owned by John and Lucy Speed Riverside The Farnsley-Moremen Landing is a historic 300 acre (1 The Union Station of Louisville Kentucky is a historic railroad station that is serving as offices for the Transit Authority of River City, as it has since Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Louisville area is also home to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium, a turn-of-the-century (20th) hospital that was originally built to accommodate tuberculosis patients, and is now listed as one of the nation's most haunted houses. Waverly Hills Sanatorium, located in Louisville Kentucky, opened in 1910 as a two-story Hospital to accommodate 40 to 50 Tuberculosis patients Fin de siècle (fɑ̃ dɛ si'ɛːkl French for ‛end of the century‘ was a cultural movement between 1880 and the beginning of World War I. A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common A haunted house is defined as a house that is believed to be a center for Supernatural occurrences or Paranormal phenomena
Media
Louisville's newspaper of record is The Courier-Journal, and the alternative paper is the progressive alt-weekly Louisville Eccentric Observer (commonly called 'LEO'), which was founded by 3rd district U.S. Representative John Yarmuth (D). This is a list of media publications and sources in Louisville Kentucky. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA An alternative newspaper is a type of Newspaper that eschews comprehensive coverage of general news in favor of opinionated Reviews and columns The Louisville Eccentric Observer (widely known as LEO) is a free weekly newspaper (urban Alternative weekly) distributed every Wednesday in over United States House of Representatives Kentucky District 3 is a district of the United States Congress encompassing nearly the whole of Louisville Kentucky The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. John Yarmuth (born November 4, 1947) is the US Representative for. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. WAVE 3, an NBC affiliate, was Kentucky's first TV station. WAVE, "WAVE 3" is the NBC station in Louisville Kentucky. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Another prominent TV station is ABC affiliate WHAS 11, formerly owned by the famous Bingham family (who also owned The Courier-Journal), which hosts the regionally notable annual fundraiser, the WHAS Crusade for Children. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. WHAS-TV, channel 11 is the ABC affiliated station in Louisville Kentucky. George Barry Bingham Jr ( September 23, 1933 – April 3, 2006 in Louisville Kentucky) was an American Newspaper The WHAS Crusade for Children is an annual Telethon broadcast by WHAS-TV and WHAS (AM Radio in Louisville Kentucky. WDRB-FOX41/WMYO and CBS affiliate WLKY 32 round out the major television stations in the city. WDRB is a Television station in Louisville Kentucky, broadcasting locally on channel 41 as a Fox affiliate WMYO is a Television station serving the Louisville Kentucky market as a My Network TV affiliate on channel 58 CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. WLKY-TV, "WLKY 32" is the CBS affiliate for Louisville Kentucky, USA The most popular radio station is 84 WHAS 840 AM, designated by the FCC as a clear channel. This article is about radio broadcasting for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. WHAS, known by the on air branding as "84 WHAS" is an AM radio station broadcasting in Louisville Kentucky. The term is also used in the context of T1 A clear channel, in its general sense is a communications channel, such as a radio This station was also formerly owned by the Binghams (now Clear Channel Communications), and is a talk radio station which also broadcasts regional sports. Clear Channel Communications is a media conglomerate company based in the United States. Talk radio is a Radio format containing discussion about topical issues
Parks and outdoor attractions
- See also: List of parks in Louisville, Kentucky and List of attractions and events in Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville Metro has 122 city parks covering more than 14,000 acres (57 km²). Following is a list of Parks Forests and Nature preserves in the metropolitan area of Louisville Kentucky: Louisville Metro This is a list of notable visitor attractions and annual events in the Louisville metropolitan area A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human Several of these parks were designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also designed New York City's Central Park as well as parks, parkways, college campuses and public facilities in many U. Frederick Law Olmsted ( April 25, 1822 &ndash August 28, 1903) was an American landscape designer and father of American The City of New York Central Park is a large public Urban park in New York City, with about twenty-five million visitors annually S. locations. The Louisville Waterfront Park is prominently located on the banks of the Ohio River near downtown, and features large open areas, which often feature free concerts and other festivals. Louisville Waterfront Park is a 72- Acre (291000 m² municipal Park adjacent to the downtown area of Louisville Kentucky and the Ohio The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience. A festival is an event usually and ordinarily staged by a local community which centers on some unique aspect of that community Cherokee Park, one of the most visited parks in the nation,[51] features a 2. Cherokee Park is a 409- Acre (16 km² municipal Park located in Louisville Kentucky, United States. 6-mile (4. 2 km) mixed-use loop and many well-known landscaping features. Other notable parks in the system include Iroquois Park, Shawnee Park and Central Park. Iroquois Park is a 739 acre (30 km² municipal Park in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Shawnee Park is a municipal Park in Louisville Kentucky. It was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who designed 18 of the city's 123 public parks Central Park is a municipal park maintained by the city of Louisville Kentucky.
Going a bit further out from the downtown area is the Jefferson Memorial Forest which, at 6,057 acres (24. The Jefferson Memorial Forest is a Forest located in southwest Louisville Kentucky (formerly Jefferson County in the knobs region of Kentucky 52 km²), is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States. An urban forest is a Forest or a collection of trees that grow within a City, Town or a Suburb. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [52] The forest is designated as a National Audubon Society wildlife refuge, and offers over 30 miles (50 km) of various hiking trails. The National Audubon Society is an American non-profit Environmental organization dedicated to conservancy A wildlife refuge, also called a wildlife sanctuary, may be a naturally-occurring sanctuary such as an Island, that provides protection for Species from
Otter Creek Park is another large park nearby. Otter Creek Park is a 2600 acre (11 km² riverfront park in Meade County, Kentucky. While actually in Brandenburg, Kentucky, Otter Creek Park is owned and operated by Louisville Metro government. Brandenburg is a city in Meade County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. The park's namesake, Otter Creek, winds along the eastern side of the park. A scenic bend in the Ohio River, which divides Kentucky from Indiana, can be seen from northern overlooks within the park. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The park is a popular mountain biking destination, with trails maintained by a local mountain bike organization. Mountain biking entails the Sport of riding Bicycles off-road often over rough terrain whether riding specially equipped Mountain bikes or hybrid road bikes A mountain bike or mountain bicycle (abbreviated MTB or ATB (all terrain bicycle is a Bicycle designed for off-road cycling including
Other outdoor points of interest in the Louisville area include Cave Hill Cemetery (the burial location of Col. Harland Sanders), Zachary Taylor National Cemetery (the burial location of President Zachary Taylor), the Louisville Zoo, Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom and the Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area. The Louisville Loop is a bike and pedestrian trail which will circle the city of Louisville Kentucky when completed Cave Hill Cemetery is a Victorian era National Cemetery and Arboretum located at 701 Baxter Avenue Louisville Kentucky. Harland David Sanders, better known as Colonel Sanders ( September 9, 1890 &ndash December 16, 1980) was an American entrepreneur Zachary Taylor National Cemetery, located at 4701 Brownsboro Road ( US-42) in northeast Louisville Kentucky (near Saint Matthews Kentucky) is a national The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. The Louisville Zoo, or the Louisville Zoological Garden, is a 135 Acre (0 Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom, located in Louisville Kentucky, is the ninth Amusement park to use the Six Flags name The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States,
In development is the City of Parks, a project to create a continuous paved pedestrian and biking trail around Louisville Metro while also adding a large amount of park land. City of Parks is a municipal project to create a continuous paved pedestrian and biking trail around the city of Louisville Kentucky while also adding a large amount of Current plans call for making basically the entire 1,600-acre (6 km²) Floyds Fork flood plain in eastern Jefferson County into park space, expanding area in the Jefferson Memorial Forest, and adding riverfront land and wharfs along the Riverwalk Trail and Levee Trail. Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. The Louisville Loop is a bike and pedestrian trail which will circle the city of Louisville Kentucky when completed A towpath is a Road or Trail on the bank of a River, Canal, or other inland waterway
Performing arts
The Kentucky Center, dedicated in 1983, located in the downtown hotel and entertainment district, features a variety of plays and concerts. Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area The Performing arts community in Louisville is currently undergoing a bit of a Renaissance. Theater in Kentucky Theater venues in Kentucky include In Ashland Paramount Arts Center, a Kentucky landmark on the Historic This is a list of notable visitor attractions and annual events in the Louisville metropolitan area This is also the home of the Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, Stage One, and the Kentucky Opera, which is the twelfth oldest opera in the United States. The Louisville Ballet is a Ballet school and company based in Louisville Kentucky and is the official state ballet of The Commonwealth of Kentucky. The Louisville Orchestra is the primary Orchestra in Louisville Kentucky and has been called the cornerstone of the Louisville arts scene The Kentucky Opera is the state Opera of Kentucky, located in Louisville. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Actors Theatre of Louisville, the centerpiece of the city's urban cultural district, has significant economic impact on a vital downtown life. Actors Theatre of Louisville is a Performing arts Theater located in downtown Louisville Kentucky. Highly acclaimed for its artistic programming and business acumen, Actors Theatre hosts the Humana Festival of New American Plays each Spring. Humana Festival of New American Plays is an internationally renowned festival that celebrates the contemporary American playwright It also presents approximately six hundred performances of about thirty productions during its year-round season, composed of a diverse array of contemporary and classical fare.
The Louisville Palace, the official venue for the Louisville Orchestra, is an elegant, ornate theatre in downtown Louisville's so-called theatre district. The Louisville Palace is a theatre in downtown Louisville Kentucky located in the city's so-called theater district on the east side of Fourth Street between Broadway Downtown Louisville is the largest central business district in the state of Kentucky and the urban hub of the Louisville Kentucky Metropolitan Area In addition to orchestra performances, the theatre also features an array of popular movies, old and new, as well as concerts by popular artists.
Iroquois Park is the home of the renovated Iroquois Amphitheater which hosts the productions of Music Theatre Louisville as well as a variety of musical concerts in a partially covered outdoor setting. Iroquois Park is a 739 acre (30 km² municipal Park in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Iroquois Park is a 739 acre (30 km² municipal Park in Louisville, Kentucky, United States.
Sports
College sports are very popular in the Louisville area, especially college basketball. Sports in Louisville Kentucky College College basketball and football are very popular in Louisville which prides itself on being College athletics refers primarily to Sports and athletic competition organized and funded by institutions of tertiary education ( Colleges or universities College basketball most often refers to the American Basketball competitive governance structure established by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA The Louisville market has ranked first in ratings for the NCAA men's basketball tournament every year since 1999. [53] The University of Louisville men's basketball team, which won two national titles under coach Denny Crum, is the most profitable college basketball program in the country. The Louisville Cardinals basketball team is the 18th winningest College basketball team in NCAA Division I history and has the 11th best winning percentage in college Denzil E "Denny" Crum (born March 2, 1937) is an American former college men's Basketball coach College basketball most often refers to the American Basketball competitive governance structure established by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA [54] In 2001, Crum retired and was succeeded by Rick Pitino, former coach of the Boston Celtics and the Kentucky Wildcats. Rick Pitino (born September 18, 1952) is the head Basketball coach at the University of Louisville. The Boston Celtics are an American professional Basketball team based in Boston, Massachusetts, playing in the Atlantic Division of the The Kentucky Wildcats are the men's and women's athletic teams representing the University of Kentucky (UK a founding member of the Southeastern Conference Pitino's hiring became a key event in the Kentucky-Louisville rivalry, which was renewed in 1983 and is considered one of the fiercest non-conference rivalries in college basketball. Background Despite their geographical proximity the histories of the two schools are radically different [55]
The Louisville Cardinals football team, which had produced talent like Johnny Unitas, Deion Branch, Sam Madison and Ray Buchanan, achieved national respect in the 1990s under coach Howard Schnellenberger when the team overwhelmingly defeated Alabama in the Fiesta Bowl. The University of Louisville Cardinals football team is a member of the Big East Conference. John Constantine "Johnny" Unitas ( May 7, 1933 &ndash September 11, 2002) nicknamed The Golden Arm and often called Anthony Deion Branch Jr (born July 18 1979 in Albany Georgia) is an American football Wide receiver who currently plays for the Seattle Seahawks Samuel Adolfus Madison Jr (born April 23, 1974 in Thomasville Georgia) is a Pro Bowl Cornerback who currently plays for the Raymond Louis Buchanan (born September 29, 1971 in Chicago Illinois) is a former American football player in the NFL. Howard Schnellenberger (born March 16, 1934) is an American football coach at both the professional and college level The Fiesta Bowl, now sponsored by Tostitos tortilla chips is a United States College football Bowl game played annually since 1971 The program's stock continued to rise as it joined the Big East conference and won the FedEx Orange Bowl in 2007 under Bobby Petrino. The Big East Conference is a collegiate athletics conference consisting of seventeen Universities in the northeastern southeastern and midwestern United The Orange Bowl is an annual College football game that is usually played the first week in January in the Miami Florida metro area in the United States Bobby Petrino (born in Lewistown Montana) is an American College football coach and the current head coach of the Arkansas Razorbacks. The University of Louisville baseball team advanced to the College World Series in Omaha in 2007, as one of the final four teams to compete for the national championship. The College World Series or CWS is a Baseball Tournament held in Omaha Nebraska that is the culmination of the NCAA Division I Baseball
Horse racing is also a major attraction. Churchill Downs is home to the Kentucky Derby, the largest sporting event in the state, as well as the Kentucky Oaks which together cap the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. History The track is named for John and Henry Churchill who leased 80 acres (320000 m² of land to their nephew Colonel Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr The Kentucky Derby is a Grade I stakes race for three year-old thoroughbred horses held annually in Louisville Kentucky, on the first Saturday in May Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively The Kentucky Oaks is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbred fillies staged annually in Louisville Kentucky, United States The Kentucky Derby Festival is an annual festival held in Louisville Kentucky during the two weeks preceding the first Saturday in May the day Churchill Downs has also hosted the renowned Breeders' Cup on six occasions, most recently in 2006. The Breeders' Cup World Championships is an annual series of Grade I Thoroughbred horse races operated by Breeders' Cup Limited a company formed in 1982
Louisville is also the home of Valhalla Golf Club which hosted the 1996 and 2000 PGA Championships and the 2004 Senior PGA Championship, and will host the 2008 Ryder Cup. Valhalla Golf Club, located in Louisville Kentucky, USA is a private golf club designed by professional golfer Jack Nicklaus. The PGA Championship (sometimes referred to as the US PGA Championship outside of North America is an annual Golf tournament conducted by the PGA of America The Senior PGA Championship is one of the major championships in men's senior Golf. The Ryder Cup is a Golf trophy donated by Samuel Ryder, which is awarded Biennially in an event called the "Ryder Cup Matches" between teams from It is also home to Louisville Extreme Park, open since 2002, and which skateboarder Tony Hawk has called one of his top five skate parks. The Louisville Extreme Park is a 40000 square foot (3700 m² public Skatepark located in downtown Louisville Kentucky. Anthony Frank Hawk (born May 12, 1968) is an American professional Skateboarder He is credited with being the first recorded skater to land the [56]
Louisville has six professional and semi-professional sports teams. A semi-professional athlete is one who is paid to play and thus is not an Amateur, but for whom Sport is not a full-time occupation generally because the The Louisville Bats are a baseball team playing in the International League as the Class AAA affiliate of the nearby Cincinnati Reds. The Louisville Bats, which play in Louisville Kentucky, are the AAA Minor league baseball affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The International League ( IL) is a Minor league baseball league which operates in the eastern United States. The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA The team plays at Louisville Slugger Field at the edge of the city's downtown. Louisville Slugger Field is a Baseball stadium in Louisville Kentucky and is home to the Louisville Bats, the AAA affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds The Louisville Fire play in af2, the minor league of the Arena Football League. The Louisville Fire is an Arena football team that plays its home games at the Brown-Forman Field in Freedom Hall in Louisville Kentucky. af2 (short for arenafootball2) is the name of the Arena Football League 's Minor league, which started play in 2000. Minor leagues are professional Sports leagues which are not regarded as the premier leagues in those sports The Arena Football League (AFL was founded in 1987 as an American football indoor league. The Louisville Chill are a minor league hockey team and play in the Midwest Hockey League. The Midwest Hockey League (MWHL is a low-level Professional hockey league which will play its inagural season consisting of a 40-game schedule in November
The city of Louisville has made several unsuccessful bids in recent years to draw major league sports teams to the city, most notably when the Vancouver Grizzlies franchise was considering a move several years ago, as well as the Charlotte Hornets franchise, which ultimately ended up in New Orleans. The Louisville Extreme Park is a 40000 square foot (3700 m² public Skatepark located in downtown Louisville Kentucky. The Memphis Grizzlies are a professional Basketball team based in Memphis Tennessee. The New Orleans Hornets are a professional Basketball team based in New Orleans Louisiana, United States. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana
High school sports are also popular. Louisville area high schools have been dominant in football for decades. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Schools such as Butler, St. Xavier, Trinity and Male have won every state 4A football title except one since 1992 and have been 13 of the 15 finalists since 1997. Butler is a High School in Louisville Kentucky, it is involved with the Traditional program St Xavier High School is a Xaverian Brothers sponsored school in Louisville, Kentucky. Trinity High School', a High school in Louisville Kentucky, first opened its doors in 1953, when Archbishop John Floersh anticipated Established in 1856 Louisville Male is the oldest public high school west of the Alleghenies Some fierce rivalries have developed over the years. The annual game between St. Xavier and Trinity draws over 35,000 fans and is the second largest attended high school sporting event in the country. The 2002 KY State 4A Football Championship between Male and Trinity, a showdown between future UofL teammates Brian Brohm (Trinity) and Michael Bush (Male) that ended with a 59-56 Trinity win, is listed as one of the top 50 sporting events of all time by many critics. Brian Joseph Brohm (born September 23, 1985 in Louisville Kentucky) is an American football Quarterback for the Green Bay Michael Bush (born June 16, 1984, in Louisville Kentucky) is an American football Running back for the Oakland Raiders The "Old Rivalry" between Male and Manual high schools is one of the nation's oldest, dating back to 1893, and was played on Thanksgiving Day through 1980, with Manual winning the final T-Day game by a score of 6-0 in overtime. Established in 1856 Louisville Male is the oldest public high school west of the Alleghenies Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American Holiday, which is a form of harvest festival.
Current professional teams
| Club | Sport | Founded | League | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Louisville Bulls | Football | 1988 | Mid Continental Football League | Various |
| Louisville Kings | Australian rules football | 1996 | USAFL (USFOOTY) | Hays-Kennedy Park |
| Louisville Fire | Arena football | 2001 | af2 | Freedom Hall |
| Louisville Bats | Baseball | 2002 | AAA | Louisville Slugger Field |
| Kentucky Retros | Basketball | 2007 | ABA | |
| Louisville Chill | Hockey | 2008 | Midwest Hockey League | Alpine Ice Arena |
Infrastructure
Education
Louisville is home to several institutions of higher learning, including the University of Louisville, Bellarmine University, Spalding University, Sullivan University and several other post-secondary schools. Sports in Louisville Kentucky College College basketball and football are very popular in Louisville which prides itself on being Franchise history The Louisville Bulls organization was founded in Kentucky in 1988 American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with The Mid Continental Football League (MCFL is a Semi-professional football league formed in 1991. Australian (rules football, or simply known as football, footy or Aussie rules, is a Team sport played between two teams of 18 players The United States Australian Football League (also known informally as the USAFL or US Footy) is the governing body for Australian rules football The Louisville Fire is an Arena football team that plays its home games at the Brown-Forman Field in Freedom Hall in Louisville Kentucky. This article is about the sport of Arena Football See Arena Football (video game for the EA Sports Video game of the same name af2 (short for arenafootball2) is the name of the Arena Football League 's Minor league, which started play in 2000. Freedom Hall is a multipurpose Arena in Louisville Kentucky, on the grounds of the Kentucky Exposition Center, which is owned by the Commonwealth The Louisville Bats, which play in Louisville Kentucky, are the AAA Minor league baseball affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Louisville Slugger Field is a Baseball stadium in Louisville Kentucky and is home to the Louisville Bats, the AAA affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds The Kentucky Retros was a professional Basketball team based in Louisville Kentucky that was scheduled to begin play in the American Basketball Association Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck The Midwest Hockey League (MWHL is a low-level Professional hockey league which will play its inagural season consisting of a 40-game schedule in November Bellarmine University is an independent Roman Catholic liberal-arts University in Louisville Kentucky; it is the largest traditional Non-profit Because of the size and diversity of the Population of Louisville Kentucky, there are a large number of Schools in a number of different school systems both The Louisville Free Public Library (LFPL is the largest public Library system in Kentucky. The University of Louisville (also known as U of L) is a public University in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Bellarmine University is an independent Roman Catholic liberal-arts University in Louisville Kentucky; it is the largest traditional Non-profit Spalding University is a private non-profit career University in Louisville Kentucky. Sullivan University is a University based in Louisville Kentucky and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Indiana University Southeast is located across the Ohio River in New Albany, Indiana. Indiana University Southeast is a regional campus in the Indiana University system located in New Albany Indiana in Floyd County, which is in south-central The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. New Albany (nuː ˈɑlbəni is a city in Floyd County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River opposite Louisville Kentucky
According to the U.S. Census, of Louisville's population over twenty-five, 21. The United States Census is a decennial Census mandated by the United States Constitution. 3% (the national average is 24%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 76. A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and 1% (80% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent. A high school diploma is a Diploma awarded for the completion of High school.
The public school system, Jefferson County Public Schools, consists of more than 98,000 students in 89 elementary schools, 24 middle schools, 22 high schools and 22 other learning centers. Jefferson County Public Schools ( JCPS) is a Public school district located in Jefferson County Kentucky. See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution [57] Due to Louisville's large Catholic population, there are 27 Catholic schools in the city. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". This article is about Catholic schools in general for specific schools named Catholic High School, see Catholic High School (disambiguation. The Kentucky School for the Blind for all of Kentucky's blind and visually impaired students is located in Louisville. The Kentucky School for the Blind is an educational facility for blind and visually impaired students from Kentucky up to age 21 Visual impairment or vision impairment is Vision loss that constitutes a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from Disease,
Transportation
Louisville's main airport is the centrally located Louisville International Airport, whose IATA Airport Code (SDF) reflects its former name of Standiford Field. Louisville International Airport is a public Airport centrally located in the city of Louisville in Jefferson County, Kentucky, USA An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many The airport is also home to UPS's Worldport global air hub. United Parcel Service Inc ( commonly referred to as UPS, is one of the world's largest Package delivery companies Worldport is the worldwide air hub for UPS (United Parcel Service located at the Louisville International Airport in Louisville, Kentucky. UPS operates its largest package-handling hub at Louisville International Airport and bases its UPS Airlines division there. Over 3. 5 million passengers and over 3 billion pounds (1,400,000 t) of cargo pass through the airport each year. Louisville International Airport is also the 4th busiest airport in the United States when in cargo passage, and it is the 11th busiest in cargo passage in the world. Louisville International Airport is a public Airport centrally located in the city of Louisville in Jefferson County, Kentucky, USA The historic but smaller Bowman Field is used mainly for general aviation. Bowman Field is a public Airport located five miles (8 km) southeast of downtown area of Louisville, in Jefferson County, General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation.
The McAlpine Locks and Dam is located on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, near the downtown area. The McAlpine Locks and Dam refers to the series of locks and the Hydroelectric dam in Louisville Kentucky at the Falls of the Ohio. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The locks were constructed to allow shipping past the Falls of the Ohio. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States, In 2001 over 55 million tons of commodities passed through the locks. A new lock is currently being constructed to replace two of the auxiliary locks, with a projected completion date of 2008.
Public transportation consists mainly of buses run by the Transit Authority of River City (TARC). The Transit Authority of River City (TARC is the major public transportation provider for the Louisville Metro area as well as the Kentucky suburbs of Oldham The city buses serve all parts of downtown Louisville and Jefferson County, as well as Kentucky suburbs in Oldham County, Bullitt County, and the Indiana suburbs of Jeffersonville, Clarksville and New Albany. Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Oldham County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Bullitt County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky, just south of the city of Louisville The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Jeffersonville (ˈdʒɛfɚsənˌvɪl is a city in Clark County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. Clarksville is a town in Clark County, Indiana, along the Ohio River as apart of the Louisville Metropolitan area. New Albany (nuː ˈɑlbəni is a city in Floyd County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River opposite Louisville Kentucky A light rail system has been studied and proposed for the city, but no plan was in development as of 2007. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. [58]
Louisville has inner and outer interstate beltways, I-264 and I-265 respectively. The Henry Watterson Expressway, known as the Shawnee Expressway west of US 31W is one of two Interstate Highways in the United States designated as Interstate 265 (I-265 is an Interstate Highway ringing the Louisville Kentucky metropolitan area, which includes southern Indiana, although Interstates I-64, I-65 pass through Louisville, and I-71 has its southern terminus in Louisville. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) Interstate 64 (abbreviated I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. Interstate 65 (I-65 is a major Interstate Highway in the United States. Interstate 71 (I-71 is an Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes/Midwestern region of the United States. Since all three of these highways intersect at virtually the same location on the east side of downtown, this spot has become known as "Spaghetti Junction". The Kennedy Interchange, unofficially though universally referred to as Spaghetti Junction, is the intersection of Interstates 64, 65 and Two bridges carry I-64 and I-65 over the Ohio River, and a third automobile bridge carries non-interstate traffic. The George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge is a four-lane cantilevered truss bridge crossing the Ohio River between Louisville Kentucky and Jeffersonville Plans for two more bridges to connect Louisville to Indiana, along with a reconfiguration of Spaghetti Junction, have been under consideration for years and some exploratory construction began in 2007. The Ohio River Bridges Project is a controversial Louisville metropolitan area Transportation project involving the reconstruction of the Kennedy Interchange One bridge would be located downtown for relief of I-65 traffic. The other would connect the Indiana and Kentucky I-265's (via KY-841). [59] As with any major project, there are detractors and possible alternatives; one grassroots organization, 8664.org, has proposed options for downtown revitalization improvements, and a simpler and less expensive roadway design. 8664org is a Grassroots campaign located in Louisville Kentucky.
Louisville has historically been a major center for railway traffic. The Henry Watterson Expressway, known as the Shawnee Expressway west of US 31W is one of two Interstate Highways in the United States designated as "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad was once headquartered here, before it was purchased by CSX Transportation. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad was a Class I railroad that operated freight and passenger services in the southeast United States. Today the city is served by two major freight railroads, CSX (with a major classification yard in the southern part of the metro area) and Norfolk Southern. A ( US and Canada) classification yard or ( UK and Canada) marshalling yard (including hump yards) is a Railroad This article is about the present railroad formed in 1990 For the former regional railroad in Virginia and North Carolina a small part of the new one see Norfolk Southern Five major main lines connect Louisville to the rest of the region. Two regional railroads, the Paducah and Louisville Railway and the Louisville and Indiana Railroad, also serve the city. The Paducah and Louisville Railway is a Class II railroad that operates freight service between Paducah and Louisville Kentucky. The Louisville and Indiana Railroad is a Class III railroad that operates freight service between Indianapolis Indiana and Louisville Kentucky, with With the discontinuance of the short-lived Kentucky Cardinal in 2003, Amtrak passenger trains no longer serve Louisville; it is thus the fifth-largest city in the country with no passenger rail service. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another [60]
Utilities
Electricity is provided to the Louisville Metro area by LG&E, a subsidiary of E.ON U. Electric power is defined as the rate at which Electrical energy is transferred by an Electric circuit. EON AG ( an energy corporation based in Düsseldorf, Germany, is the largest of the 30 members of the DAX Stock index of major S. and traces its roots back to 1838 as Louisville Gas. Louisville Gas and Electric was formed in 1913 by the merger of Louisville Gas, Louisville Lighting (founded in 1903) and Kentucky Heating. In 1998, LG&E merged with Kentucky Utilities (KU) to form LG&E Energy. In 2000, LG&E Energy was bought by British utility company Powergen. A public utility (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the Infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using EON UK is an energy company in the United Kingdom and a subsidiary of E In 2002, Powergen was bought by the German company E. ON. Finally, on December 1, 2005, LG&E Energy changed its name to E. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ON U. S. Today, LG&E serves over 350,000 electric and over 300,000 natural gas customers, covers an area of 700 square miles (1800 km²), and has a total regulated electric generation capacity of 3,514 megawatts. The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. [61]
The current electric generating stations serving the city include three coal-fired plants (Trimble County, Mill Creek and Cane Run Stations), one natural gas/fuel oil combustion turbine, one hydroelectric plant (Ohio Falls Station), and two natural gas facilities (Muldraugh and Magnolia Compressor Stations). Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from Petroleum Distillation, either as a distillate or a residue A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a rotary Engine that extracts energy from a flow of Combustion gas Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water The McAlpine Locks and Dam refers to the series of locks and the Hydroelectric dam in Louisville Kentucky at the Falls of the Ohio. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, [62]
Water is provided by the Louisville Water Company, which provides water to more than 800,000 residents in Louisville as well as parts of Oldham and Bullitt counties. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Louisville Water Company is a municipal Water company which provides Water to the more than 800000 people in Louisville Kentucky as well as parts Oldham County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Bullitt County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky, just south of the city of Louisville Additionally, they provide wholesale water to the outlying counties of Shelby, Spencer and Nelson. Shelby County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Spencer County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Nelson County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. [63]
The Ohio River provides for most of the city's source of drinking water. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not Water is drawn from the river at two points: the raw water pump station at Zorn and River Road, and the B. Raw water is water taken from the environment, and is subsequently treated or purified to produce Potable water in a Water purification works Pumping stations are facilities including Pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another E. Payne Pump Station northeast of Harrods Creek. Water is also obtained from a riverbank infiltration well at the Payne Plant. There are also two water treatment plants serving the Louisville Metro area: The Crescent Hill Treatment Plant and the B. Water purification is the process of removing contaminants and other harmful microorganisms from a raw water source E. Payne Treatment Plant.
Sister cities
Louisville has seven sister cities:[64]
Jiujiang, China
La Plata, Argentina
Mainz, Germany
Montpellier, France
Perm, Russia
Quito, Ecuador
Tamale, Ghana
In addition, 
Leeds, United Kingdom is considered a "Friendship City". Jiujiang (, formerly called Kiukiang, is a Prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River (ChangJiang in northwest Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES La Plata is the capital city of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, as well as of the partido of La Plata. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Montpellier ( Occitan Montpelhièr) is a City in the south of France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Perm (Пермь pʲɛrmʲ is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Quito, officially San Francisco de Quito, is the Capital of Ecuador in northwestern South America. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Tamale (pronounced ma lɛ}} is the capital of the Northern Region of Ghana, with a population of 305000 (2005 The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The two cities have engaged in many cultural exchange programs, particularly in the fields of nursing and law, and cooperated in several private business developments, including the Frazier International History Museum. Nursing is a Profession focused on assisting individuals families, and communities in attaining maintaining and recovering optimal Health Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The Frazier International History Museum, formerly the Frazier Historical Arms Museum, is an museum located in Louisville Kentucky 's "Museum Row" in the [65]
On April 15, 2008, it was announced that Louisville would be twinned with the town of Bushmills in Northern Ireland. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Bushmills (in Irish: Muileann na Buaise) is a Village on the north coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The two places share a tradition for the brewing of whiskey. Whisky (uisge-beatha or whiskey (uisce beatha or fuisce) refers to a broad category of Alcoholic beverages that are distilled from fermented The choice of Louisville came after a search of U. S. cities, followed by an online poll conducted for the public to decide between three finalists, which also included Boston and Portland, Maine. An open access poll is a type of Opinion poll in which participants are self-selected. Portland is the largest city in the US state of Maine and the County seat of Cumberland County. [66]
See also
References
- ^ The term "The 'Ville" has been used in print in The Courier-Journal 60+ times since 1999 and appears to have been popularized by a 2003 billboard campaign promoting Louisville as "The best college sports town in America. This is a list of cities towns and communities along the Ohio River in the United States. Following are notable people who were Louisville Magazine is a magazine distributed in the Louisville area and is titled with just the name Louisville. " See Forde, Pat. "UofL's bogus billboards don't impress experts", The Courier-Journal, 2003-09-10. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
- ^ See Nomenclature, population and ranking for explanation of consolidated vs. balance figures
- ^ Meyer, David R. (December 1989). "Midwestern Industrialization and the American Manufacturing Belt in the Nineteenth Century". The Journal of Economic History 49 (4): 921–937.
- ^ Emporis:Louisville, KY. Retrieved on 6 February, 2007.
- ^ African Americans in Library Professions : The Kentucky Connection
- ^ Louisville Free Public Library - African-American Archives
- ^ Altman, Lawrence K. . "Doctors in Louisville Perform Nation's First Hand Transplant", The New York Times, 1999-01-26. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Retrieved on 2007-09-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz
- ^ Rowland, Rhonda. "Patient gets first totally implanted artificial heart", CNN, 2001-07-03. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Retrieved on 2007-09-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz
- ^ Brown Cancer Center News - Inventors Praise FDA Approval of Cervical Cancer Vaccine
- ^ Gibson, Campbell. "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990. " United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census June, 1998. Retrieved on July 10, 2006. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Population". The Encyclopedia of Louisville (1). (2001).
- ^ Census Population Estimates for 2006 (line 25213)
- ^ "Phoenix 5th largest city as Philly falls; Louisville is 17th if all are counted", The Courier-Journal, 2007-06-28. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Retrieved on 2007-06-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
- ^ Census Population Estimates for 2006 - Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000 (line 31)
- ^ For what geographic areas does the Census Bureau produce estimates?
- ^ Green, Marcus. "Argh! City still No. 26; Census Bureau again clips Louisville's claim to No. 16", The Courier-Journal, 2006-06-23. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Retrieved on 2006-06-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish
- ^ George Rogers Clark: Kentucky Frontiersman, Hero, and Founder of Louisville. Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Yater, George H. (1987). Two Hundred Years at the Fall of the Ohio: A History of Louisville and Jefferson County, 2nd edition, Louisville, KY: Filson Club, Incorporated, 9–10. The Filson Historical Society (originally named the Filson Club) is a historical society located in the Old Louisville neighborhood of Louisville Kentucky ISBN 0-9601072-3-1.
- ^ Yater, pp. 46–48
- ^ (2004) in Butler, William S. : Tornado: A Look Back at Louisville's Dark Day, April 3, 1974. Butler Books.
- ^ "Population". The Encyclopedia of Louisville (1). (2001).
- ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Population in Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) in Alphabetical Order and Numerical and Percent Change for the United States and Puerto Rico: 1990 and 2000
- ^ Climate information from NOAA
- ^ Climate information from NOAA
- ^ Maximum and minimum temperatures from Yahoo! Weather
- ^ Clean Air in your city. Environmental Defense. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
- ^ Berzof, Ken. "Office space goes begging", The Courier-Journal, 2006-02-26. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
- ^ Louisville's Downtown Alive with Development
- ^ Pike, Bill. "Will old names work in 'new' city?", The Courier-Journal, 2003-01-23, p. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor 1N.
- ^ Forde, Pat. "Read all about it: Valley has city united", The Courier-Journal, 2002-08-26. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert.
- ^ The Courier-Journal 2006–07 Kentuckiana Guide
- ^ Cummins, Peggy. "Continuity and Change in Louisville's Ethnic Communities", Jefferson Community College.
- ^ Gerth, Joseph. "Abramson files to seek re-election", The Courier-Journal, 2006-01-25, p. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate 1B.
- ^ Kentucky Congressional District Data and Maps. Kentucky State Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
- ^ "America's Safest (and Most Dangerous) Cities. " Morgan Quitno Press. Morgan Quitno Press is a research and publishing company based out of Lawrence, Kansas. November 21, 2005. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on July 8, 2006. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Louisville among nation's safest cities", The Courier-Journal, 2006-10-31. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
- ^ The Urban Louisvillian - FBI Crime Statistics from 2006 Released.
- ^ Morgan Quitno - Violent Crime Rate in 2005 (ordered by metro area).
- ^ Morgan Quitno - Safest 25 Metropolitan Areas.
- ^ Infoplease - Crime Rate by State, 2004 (rate per 100,000 inhabitants).
- ^ courier-journal.com - Jefferson County homicide victims, 2007.
- ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Data on Catholic residents from the Archdiocese of Louisville [1]
- ^ Data on Baptist Population from LRA websiteLong Run Baptist Association
- ^ Smith, Peter. "Some synagogues eye broader styles of worship", The Courier-Journal, 2003-09-28. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.
- ^ Haukebo, Kirsten. "Hindu temple greets visitors", The Courier-Journal, 2000-12-03. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French
- ^ Smith, Peter. "ISLAM IN AMERICA; Muslims a diverse presence in Kentucky", The Courier-Journal, 2001-11-18. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull
- ^ Kramer, Carl (1978). Louisville Survey: Central Report, 32.
- ^ . "Top 20 Inland U.S. Ports for 2003". . US Army Corps of Engineers
- ^ America's Most Visited City Parks. Retrieved on 2007-04-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
- ^ "Jefferson Memorial Forest grows by 400 acres (1.6 km²)", Business First, 2005-12-27. Advance Publications Inc, is an American media company owned by the descendants of S Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2007-04-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
- ^ "Louisville No. 1 in basketball TV ratings", The Courier-Journal, 2008-04-08. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
- ^ Isidore, Chris. "NCAA's bottom line winners", CNN/Money, 2004-03-18. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Katz, Andy. "Best teams make today's best rivalries", ESPN.com, 2007-02-02. ESPNcom is the official website of ESPN and a division of ESPN Inc Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ Template:Http://skateboardermag. com/Google-Earth/louisville-extreme-park/
- ^ JCPS at a Glance. Retrieved on 2007-07-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of
- ^ Green, Marcus. "Mass transit plan still possible; Officials will look for financing options", The Courier-Journal, 2006-11-29. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Retrieved on 2007-01-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
- ^ Green, Marcus. "Bridge project tunnels' cost rises; Exploratory shaft will plot path for two others", The Courier-Journal, 2007-07-16. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Retrieved on 2007-07-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and
- ^ Metropolitan Areas Served by Amtrak (2006-11-23). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Data from E.ON U.S. (formerly LG&E Energy)
- ^ LG&E Power Plant Information. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Data from Louisville Water
- ^ Sister cities designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI). Retrieved June 1, 2006. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Friendship City Status. " Sister Cities of Louisville. 2006. Retrieved on June 1, 2006. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Louisville tastes victory in twin search", BBC, 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
Further reading
- (2006) Louisville Then and Now. Butler Books. ISBN 1-884532-68-3.
- Domer, Dennis; Gregory A. Luhan, and David Mohney (2004). The Louisville Guide. ISBN 1-56898-451-0.
- Kleber, John E. , et al. (editor) (2000). The Encyclopedia of Louisville. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 1-56898-451-0.
- Lee, Gary. "Louisville Old and New: Either Way, It's a Knockout", The Washington Post, 2006-08-20. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Retrieved on 2006-10-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
- Nold, Chip; and Bob Bahr (1997). Insiders' Guide to Louisville, Kentucky & Southern Indiana. Globe Pequot. ISBN 1-57380-043-0.
- Sanders, David; and Glen Conner (2000). Fact Sheet: Ohio River Floods. Kentucky Climate Center.
- Yater, George H. (1987). Two Hundred Years at the Fall of the Ohio: A History of Louisville and Jefferson County, 2nd edition, Louisville, KY: Filson Club, Incorporated. The Filson Historical Society (originally named the Filson Club) is a historical society located in the Old Louisville neighborhood of Louisville Kentucky ISBN 0-9601072-3-1.
External links
- Official Website of Louisville, Kentucky
- Louisville Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Possibility City — Louisville's branding campaign
- Louisville, Kentucky is at coordinates Coordinates:
- Louisville/Jefferson County Information Consortium
- Metro Mapper - Interactive Maps for the Louisville Metro Area
- City Mayors feature: "Louisville Metro has shown other regions how mergers can change balance of power"
- Louisville travel guide from Wikitravel
- Louisville Life — weekly broadcast on Kentucky Educational Television
- State of Affairs — daily radio broadcast on WFPL that provides a public forum for discussion of the issues, people and events that impact the Louisville community
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