Louis VIII the Lion
King of the Franks and Count of Artois (more...)
Reign	14 July 1223 – 8 November 1226
Coronation	6 August 1223, Reims
Titles	Count of Artois (1189–1226) King of England (1216–17) (claimant)
Born	5 September 1187(1187-09-05)
Birthplace	Paris, France
Died	8 November 1226 (aged 39)
Place of death	Château Montpensier, France
Buried	Saint Denis Basilica
Predecessor	Philip II Augustus
Successor	Louis IX
Consort	Blanche of Castile (1188–1252)
Issue	Louis IX (1214–1270) Robert I, Count of Artois (1216–50) Alphonse, Count of Toulouse and Poitiers (1220–71) Saint Isabel of France (1225–69) Charles I of Sicily (1227–85)
Royal House	House of Capet
Father	Philip II of France (1165–1223)
Mother	Isabelle of Hainaut (1170–90)

Louis VIII the Lion (5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) reigned as King of France from 1223 to 1226. The precise style of French Sovereigns varied over the years Currently there is no French sovereign three distinct traditions (the Legitimist the Orleanist and the Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern The County of Artois (comté d'Artois graafschap Artesië was a Carolingian county (comitatus established in Western Francia. The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death For other persons called Blanche of Castile see Blanca of Castile. Robert I "the Good" (1216 &ndash February 8 1250) was Count of Artois. Alfonso or Alphonse ( 11 November 1220 &ndash 21 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse Saint Isabel of France (March 1225– 23 February 1270) was the daughter of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile. Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest For a full history of the Capetian family see Capetian dynasty. Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death Isabelle of Hainaut ( 5 April 1170, Valenciennes - 15 March 1190, Paris was Queen consort of France. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below He was a member of the House of Capet. For a full history of the Capetian family see Capetian dynasty. Louis VIII was born in Paris, France, the son of Philip II of France and Isabelle of Hainaut. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death Isabelle of Hainaut ( 5 April 1170, Valenciennes - 15 March 1190, Paris was Queen consort of France. He was also Count of Artois from 1190, inheriting the county from his mother. The County of Artois (comté d'Artois graafschap Artesië was a Carolingian county (comitatus established in Western Francia.

As Prince Louis

At the age of 12, Louis was married to Blanche of Castile on 23 May 1200, following prolonged negotiations between Philip Augustus and Blanche's uncle John of England. For other persons called Blanche of Castile see Blanca of Castile. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death

In 1216 the English barons rebelled in the First Barons' War against the unpopular King John of England (1199–1216) and offered the throne to Prince Louis. The First Barons' War ( 1215 &ndash 1217) was a combination of a Civil war in the Kingdom of England between on the one hand the forces of John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death Louis invaded and was proclaimed King in London in May 1216, although he was not crowned. There was little resistance when the prince entered London. At St Paul's Cathedral, Louis was accepted as ruler with great pomp and celebration in the presence of all of London. St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. Many nobles, as well as King Alexander II of Scotland (1214–49), gathered to give homage to him. Alexander II ( Mediaeval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Uilliam; Modern Gaelic Alasdair mac Uilleim) (24 August 1198 &ndash 6 July 1249 King of Scots

On June 14, Louis captured Winchester and soon conquered over half of the English kingdom. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre ^[1] After a year and a half of war, most of the rebellious barons had defected and so Louis had to give up his claim to be the King of England by signing the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217. The Treaty of Lambeth, also known as the Treaty of Kingston, was signed on an island at Kingston-upon-Thames in 1217 by Prince Louis of France The effect of the treaty was that Louis agreed he had never been the legitimate king of England.

As King Louis VIII

Coronation of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile at Reims in 1223; a miniature from the Grandes Chroniques de France, painted in the 1450s, kept at the National Library of France

Louis VIII succeeded his father on July 14, 1223; his coronation took place on August 6 of the same year in the cathedral at Reims. For other persons called Blanche of Castile see Blanca of Castile. Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern The word miniature, derived from the Latin minium, Red lead, is a picture in an ancient or Medieval Illuminated manuscript The Grandes Chroniques de France is a royal compilation of the history of France, its manuscripts remarkably illuminated Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern As King, he continued to seek revenge on the Angevins and seized Poitou and Saintonge from them in 1224. Angevin (ˈændʒəvɪn ( French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin Andegavinus from Andegavia Anjou, France) is the name applied Poitou was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers. Saintonge is a small region on the Atlantic coast of France within the département Charente-Maritime, west and south of Charente There followed the seizure of Avignon and Languedoc. Avignon (/aviɲɔ̃/ in French) ( Provençal: Avinhon in classical norm or Avignoun in Mistralian norm is a commune Languedoc ( in French Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former Province of France, now continued in the modern-day ''régions'' of Languedoc-Roussillon

On 1 November 1223, he issued an ordinance that prohibited his officials from recording debts owed to Jews, thus reversing the policies set by his father Philip II of France (1180–1223). Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death Usury (lending money with interest) was illegal for Christians to practice, according to Church law it was seen as a vice in which people profited from others' misfortune (like gambling), and was punishable by excommunication, a severe punishment. Usury (ˈjuːʒəri comes from the Medieval Latin usuria, "interest" or "excessive interest" from the Latin usura "interest" Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community However since Jews were not Christian, they could not be excommunicated, and thus fell in to a legal gray area which secular rulers would sometimes exploit by allowing (or requesting) Jews to provide usury services, often for personal gain to the secular ruler, and to the discontent of the Church. Louis VIII's prohibition was one attempt at resolving this legal problem which was a constant source of friction in Church and State courts. The relationship between church and state during the Medieval period went through a number of developments roughly from the end of the Roman Empire through

French Monarchy
Direct Capetians
Louis VIII
Louis IX
Robert I, Count of Artois
Alphonse, Count of Poitou and Toulouse
Saint Isabel of France
Charles I of Anjou and Sicily

Twenty six barons accepted, but Theobald IV (1201–53), the powerful Count of Champagne, did not, since he had an agreement with the Jews that guaranteed him extra income through taxation. For a full history of the Capetian family see Capetian dynasty. Robert I "the Good" (1216 &ndash February 8 1250) was Count of Artois. Alfonso or Alphonse ( 11 November 1220 &ndash 21 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse Saint Isabel of France (March 1225– 23 February 1270) was the daughter of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile. Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest Theobald I ( 30 May 1201 &ndash 8 July 1253) called the Troubadour, the Chansonnier, and the Posthumous, was Counts of Champagne ruled the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316 Champagne is a historic province in the northeast of France, best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the region's name Theobald IV would become a major opposition force to Capetian dominance, and his hostility was manifest during the reign of Louis VIII. For example, during the siege of Avignon, he performed only the minimum service of 40 days, and left home amid charges of treachery.

In 1225, the council of Bourges excommunicated the Count of Toulouse, Raymond VII, and declared a crusade against the southern barons. Bourges is a commune in central France on the Yèvre river It is the capital of the department of Cher and also was the capital The first comites ( counts) of Toulouse were the administrators of the city and its environs under the Merovingians No succession of such royal Raymond VII of Saint-Gilles (July 1197 &ndash 27 September 1249) was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence Louis happily renewed the conflict in order to enforce his royal rights. Roger Bernard the Great, count of Foix, tried to keep the peace, but the king rejected his embassy and the counts of Foix and Toulouse took up arms against him. Roger Bernard II (c1195 – 26 May 1241) called the Great, was the sixth count of Foix from 1223 until his death counts of Foix ruled the independent County of Foix, in what is now southern France, during the Middle Ages. The king was largely successful, but he did not complete the work before his death.

While returning to Paris, King Louis VIII became ill with dysentery, and died on November 8, 1226 in the chateau at Montpensier, Auvergne. Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is an infection of the digestive system that results in severe Diarrhea containing mucus and blood The French lordship of Montpensier (named after the village of Montpensier, département of Puy-de-Dôme) located in historical Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe/Auvèrnha) was the name of an historically independent county in the center of France, as well as later a Province of

The Saint Denis Basilica houses the tomb of Louis VIII. The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French His son, Louis IX (1226–70), succeeded him on the throne.

Ancestors

Marriage

On May 23, 1200, at the age of twelve, Louis married Blanche of Castile (March 4, 1188 – November 26, 1252). Philip II may refer to Philip II of Macedon (382&ndash336 BC Philip II of France (1165&ndash1223 Philip II of Louis VII, called the Younger or the Young (Louis le Jeune 1120 – 18 September 1180) was King of France, the son and successor Louis VI ( 1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137) called the Fat (le Gros was King of France from 1108 until his death (1137 Adelaide of Savoy or Adelaide of Maurienne ( Italian: Adelaide di Savoia or Adelasia di Moriana, French: Adélaïde or Adèle of Champagne (c 1140 &ndash June 4, 1206) also known as Adelaide and Alix, was the third wife of Louis VII of France Theobald the Great (1090&ndash1151 was Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV from 1102 and was Count of Champagne and of Brie Matilda of Carinthia was the daughter of Engelbert Duke of Carinthia and his wife Uta of Passau (Ulric of Passau's daughter Isabelle of Hainaut ( 5 April 1170, Valenciennes - 15 March 1190, Paris was Queen consort of France. Baldwin V of Hainaut (1150 &ndash December 17 1195) was Count of Hainaut (1171&ndash1195 Count of Flanders as Baldwin VIII (1191&ndash1195 Baldwin IV (1108 &ndash November 8 1171) was Count of Hainaut from 1120 to his death Alice of Namur was the heiress of Namur when her brother Henry IV of Luxembourg died childless in 1196 Margaret I of Alsace (died November 15 1194) was countess of Flanders from 1191 to her death Thierry of Alsace (Dietrich (c 1099 &ndash January 17, 1168) in Flanders known as Diederik van den Elzas, was Count of Flanders from 1128 Sibylla of Anjou (c 1112-1165 was a daughter of Fulk V of Anjou and Ermengarde of Maine, and wife of William Clito and Thierry Count of Flanders Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne For other persons called Blanche of Castile see Blanca of Castile. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"

Issue

1. Blanche (1205–1206).
2. Agnes (b. and d. 1207).
3. Philippe (9 September 1209 – July 1218), married (or only betrothed) in 1217 to Agnes of Donzy. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Events in July The traditional period known as "fence month" (the closed season for deer in England ended July 9 (date varied
4. Alphonse (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 23 January 1213). Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
5. John (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 23 January 1213), twin of Alphonse. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
6. Louis IX (Poissy, 25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270, Tunis), King of France as successor to his father. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the
7. Robert (25 September 1216 – 9 February 1250, killed in battle, Manssurah, Egypt)
8. Philippe (2 January 1218–1220). Robert I "the Good" (1216 &ndash February 8 1250) was Count of Artois. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
9. John Tristan (21 July 1219 – 1232), Count of Anjou and Maine. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World
10. Alphonse (Poissy, 11 November 1220 – 21 August 1271, Corneto), Count of Poitou and Auvergne, and by marriage, of Toulouse. Alfonso or Alphonse ( 11 November 1220 &ndash 21 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
11. Philippe Dagobert (20 February 1222 – 1232). Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment
12. Isabel (14 April 1225 – 23 February 1269). Saint Isabel of France (March 1225– 23 February 1270) was the daughter of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile. Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
13. Charles Etienne (21 March 1226 – 7 January 1285), Count of Anjou and Maine, by marriage Count of Provence and Folcalquier, and King of Sicily. Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental

References