Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse
June 6, 1678 – December 1, 1737
Portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud
Place of birth	Palace of Versailles, France
Place of death	Château de Rambouillet, France
Allegiance	France
Service/branch	Navy, Military
Years of service	1683–1737
Rank	Admiral of France Marshal of France Governor of Bretagne Governor of Guyenne Secretary of State Minister of the Navy
Battles/wars	War of the Spanish Succession, Battle of Vélez-Málaga
Awards	Chevalier des Ordres du roi , Chevalier de la Toison d’or

Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse (1681), duc de Penthièvre (1697), d'Arc, de Châteauvillain and de Rambouillet (1711), was born in the Palace of Versailles on June 6, 1678 and died in Rambouillet on December 1, 1737. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Hyacinthe Rigaud ( Hiacint Riagau) ( July 20, 1659 – December 27, 1743) was a French painter of Catalan origin The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The château de Rambouillet is a palace in the town of Rambouillet, Yvelines department, France 50 km (30 miles southwest of Paris. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Although the History of the French Navy goes back to the Middle Ages when it was defeated by the English at the Battle of Sluys and with Castilian help managed A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking The title Admiral of France is one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, the naval equivalent of Marshal of France. The Marshal of France (Maréchal de France and pl Maréchaux de France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a Military rank. Aquitaine (Aquitània Akitania archaic Guyenne / Guienne (Occitan Guiana) is one of the 26 Regions of France, in the south-western part of The Secretary of State was the name of several official governmental positions &ndash supervising war foreign affairs the navy the king's household the clergy Paris and protestant One of France 's Secretaries of State under the Ancien régime was entrusted with control of the French Navy ( Secretary of State of the Navy (France In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting The Battle of Málaga (or Vélez-Málaga) was the largest naval battle in the War of the Spanish Succession that took place on 24 August The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Rambouillet is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He was the son of Louis XIV and his mistress Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart marquise de Montespan ( October 5, 1641 &ndash May 27, 1707) better known as At the age of five, he became Amiral de France (Admiral of France). He was also the founder of the House of Bourbon-Toulouse.

Life

Early life

Born at the Palace of Versailles, Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon was the third son and youngest child of Louis XIV and the king's mistress, Françoise-Athénaïs de Montespan. The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart marquise de Montespan ( October 5, 1641 &ndash May 27, 1707) better known as

He was put in the care of Mme de Monchevreuil along with his older sister Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, later duchesse d'Orléans. Françoise-Marie de Bourbon duchesse d'Orléans ( May 25 1677 &ndash February 1 1749) was the sixth illegitimate child and last Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century

comte de Toulouse

He was created comte de Toulouse in 1681 after he was legitimised, and, in 1683, at the age of five, an admiral of France. The first comites ( counts) of Toulouse were the administrators of the city and its environs under the Merovingians No succession of such royal The title Admiral of France is one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, the naval equivalent of Marshal of France. In February 1684, he became colonel of an infantry regiment named after him and in 1693 mestre de camp of a cavalry regiment. During the War of Spanish Succession, he was given the task of defending the island of Sicily. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy.

In January 1689, he was named governor of Guyenne, a title which he exchanged for that of governor of Bretagne six years later. Aquitaine (Aquitània Akitania archaic Guyenne / Guienne (Occitan Guiana) is one of the 26 Regions of France, in the south-western part of On January 3, 1696, he was created a Marshal of France, becoming commander of the Royal Armies the following year. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. The Marshal of France (Maréchal de France and pl Maréchaux de France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a Military rank. In March 1714, he obtained the title of Grand Huntsman of France. The Grand Veneur de France or Grand Hunstman of France was a position in the King's Household in France during the Ancien Régime.

Military

He distinguished himself during the War of the Spanish Succession and inflicted a severe defeat on Admiral Rooke at the Battle of Málaga in 1704. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting Admiral Sir George Rooke (1650 &ndash January 24 1709) English naval commander was born at St Lawrence near Canterbury in 1650 The Battle of Málaga was the culmination of an offensive in early 1937 by the combined Nationalist and Italian forces to eliminate Republican Year 1704 ( MDCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a After the death of his father in 1715, he kept aloof from the intrigues of his sister-in-law Anne-Louise-Bénédicte, duchesse du Maine. Anne-Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé duchesse du Maine ( November 8, 1676 &ndash January 23, 1753) daughter of the Prince de Condé

Though his father had legitimised him and his three surviving siblings, and even declared his two sons by Madame de Montespan fit to eventually succeed him to the throne of France, this was not to be, as immediately after Louis XIV's death the Parlement of Paris reversed the king's will. Legitimated refers to specific legal forms of authentication by the State Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart marquise de Montespan ( October 5, 1641 &ndash May 27, 1707) better known as This article is for the Ancien Régime institution For the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution see French Parliament.

Unlike his brother, the duc du Maine, who was barred from the Conseil de Régence, Toulouse was not kept from a political role, and soon after, he was named Ministre de la Marine (Minister of the Navy) (more or less equivalent to the United States Secretary of the Navy), inheriting a seasoned staff in the ministry headed up by Joseph Pellerin. Louis-Auguste de Bourbon duc du Maine ( March 31 1670 - May 14 1736) was a legitimised son of the French King Louis XIV and his The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. pellerin piecesjpg|right|250 px|thumb|Pellerin surrounded by some of his coins]] Joseph Pellerin (1684-1782 French Intendant-General of the Navy first Commissioner

He remained in this capacity until being succeeded by Joseph Fleuriau d'Armenonville in 1722, the same Fleuriau d'Armenonville who had sold him the castle of Rambouillet in 1706^[1]. Joseph Jean Baptiste Fleuriau d'Armenonville ( 22 January, 1661 &ndash 27 November, 1728) was a French Politician.

Marie Victoire de Noailles, the comtesse de Toulouse. Marie Victoire Sophie de Noailles (1688-1766 was the daughter of Anne Jules de Noailles the 2nd duc de Noailles and his wife Marie-Françoise de Bournonville

In 1717, the ministry erected a fort on the eastern border of the Louisiana Colony in North America and named it Fort Toulouse in honor of the comte. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Louisiana (La celina+mario) was the name of an administrative district of New France. Fort Toulouse is a historic Fort near the city of Wetumpka, Alabama, United States, that is now maintained by the Alabama Historical Commission (That fort has been partially reconstructed adjacent to its original site near the city of Wetumpka, Alabama, in the United States. Wetumpka is a city in Elmore County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 5726 Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the )

Marriage and Children

The wife of the comte de Toulouse was Marie Victoire de Noailles, a daughter of Anne Jules de Noailles, duc de Noailles. Marie Victoire Sophie de Noailles (1688-1766 was the daughter of Anne Jules de Noailles the 2nd duc de Noailles and his wife Marie-Françoise de Bournonville Anne-Jules 2nd duc de Noailles ( 5 February 1650 &mdash 2 October 1708) was one of the chief generals of France towards the They were married on February 2, 1723 in Paris ^[2]. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a She was the widow of his elder half-brother's grandson, the marquis de Gondrin. They had one son:

• Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre (1725-1793). Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon duc de Penthièvre ( November 16, 1725 &ndash March 4, 1793) was the son of Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon comte

Apart from this one legitimate child, the comte had two illegitimate children born before his marriage to Mlle de Noailles.

• Louis-Alexandre de Sainte Foy (1720-1723)
• Philippe-Auguste de Sainte Foy (1721-1795).

Later life

In 1693, he became a Chevalier des Ordres du roi (Order of the King) and a decade later in 1704 he became a Chevalier de la Toison d’or (Holder of the Golden fleece). Year 1704 ( MDCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He also later took full control of the French navy under his father.

After his mother's departure from court, the two often saw each other. His older sister Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, also made an attempt to become closer to their mother at the same time. Louise-Françoise de Bourbon princesse de Condé ( June 1, 1673 &ndash June 16, 1743) was the eldest surviving daughter of King Louis XIV Although Louise-Françoise and his younger sister, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, were bitter rivals, the comte was close to both. Françoise-Marie de Bourbon duchesse d'Orléans ( May 25 1677 &ndash February 1 1749) was the sixth illegitimate child and last All three tried to avoid the court of their brother, the duc du Maine, and his ambitious and manipulative wife at château de Sceaux. The Château de Sceaux in its formal park laid out by André Le Nôtre lies at the heart of Sceaux Hauts-de-Seine, not far from Paris.

When his mother died in 1707, he and his sisters mourned in private as any public display at court was forbidden by his father and Mme de Maintenon, who had replaced their mother in the king's affections. Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Françoise d'Aubigné Scarron Marquise de Maintenon ( November 27, 1635 - April 15, 1719) was the Morganatic second wife of King

Close to death in 1714, Louis XIV made a point in his will to state that if the line of his legitimate children died out the throne of France could be inherited by his illegitimate sons, the duc du Maine and the comte de Toulouse. Year 1714 ( MDCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent This also meant that the two could assume the role of regent for the new five year old king, Louis XV, if necessary. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774

The decision was reversed after the death of Louis XIV when Louis-Alexandre's cousin, Philippe II, duc d'Orléans, had the Parlement de Paris void the will. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Philippe II Duke of Orléans ( August 2, 1674 &ndash December 2, 1723) was a member of the royal family of France This article is for the Ancien Régime institution For the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution see French Parliament. The duc d'Orléans as a result became the sole regent of France.

Death

The comte de Toulouse died at the château de Rambouillet on December 1, 1737. The château de Rambouillet is a palace in the town of Rambouillet, Yvelines department, France 50 km (30 miles southwest of Paris. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He was buried in the village 12th century Saint-Lubin church. On September 30, 1766, the comtesse died at the Hôtel de Toulouse, the Parisian mansion the comte had bought from Phélypeaux, marquis de La Vrillière, in 1712^[3]. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1766 ( MDCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Hôtel de Toulouse, former Hôtel de La Vrillière, was built around 1640 by François Mansart, for Louis Phélipeaux de La Vrillière. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap She too was buried in the family crypt in the Rambouillet church.

On November 25, 1783, after having sold Rambouillet to his cousin Louis XVI, their son, the duc de Penthièvre, in a long procession, transferred the bodies of his parents, his wife and their six children to the Collégiale Saint-Étienne de Dreux ^[4], ^[5]. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre ^[6]

Legacy

Upon the comte's death, the duc de Penthièvre, succeeded his father in his posts and titles. He was the founder of the House of Bourbon-Penthièvre, which followed that of Bourbon-Toulouse. The House of Bourbon-Penthièvre was an illegitimate branch of the House of Bourbon, thus descending from the Capetian dynasty. Because of the marriage of Mlle de Penthièvre to the duc de Chartres, the future duc d'Orléans, the comte de Toulouse is an ancestor of the modern House of Orléans, which also descends from Toulouse's two surviving full sisters. Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's royal founder Hugh Capet

Siblings

• Louise Françoise (1669-1672) - died in childhood.
• Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine (1670-1736) married Anne-Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé. Louis-Auguste de Bourbon duc du Maine ( March 31 1670 - May 14 1736) was a legitimised son of the French King Louis XIV and his Anne-Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé duchesse du Maine ( November 8, 1676 &ndash January 23, 1753) daughter of the Prince de Condé
• Louis César de Bourbon, comte de Vexin, abbot of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1672-1683)
• Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Tours (1674-1681) - died in childhood
• Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Blois (1677-1749), married in 1692 the future regent Philippe II, duc d'Orléans (1674-1723)
  • duchesse d'Orléans. Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon, known as Mademoiselle de Tours,(1674 - 1681 was the illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV and his most famous Maîtresse-en-titre Françoise-Marie de Bourbon duchesse d'Orléans ( May 25 1677 &ndash February 1 1749) was the sixth illegitimate child and last Philippe II Duke of Orléans ( August 2, 1674 &ndash December 2, 1723) was a member of the royal family of France Through her son, Françoise-Marie became the ancestor of King Louis-Philippe of the French and the modern House of Orléans. Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's royal founder Hugh Capet

Dark-haired Louise-Françoise de Bourbon on the right with her younger sister, blonde Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, on the left

• Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse (1678-1737) married Marie Victoire de Noailles. Françoise-Marie de Bourbon duchesse d'Orléans ( May 25 1677 &ndash February 1 1749) was the sixth illegitimate child and last Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse (1681 duc de Penthièvre (1697 d'Arc, de Châteauvillain and de Rambouillet Marie Victoire Sophie de Noailles (1688-1766 was the daughter of Anne Jules de Noailles the 2nd duc de Noailles and his wife Marie-Françoise de Bournonville
  • Founder of the House of Bourbon-Toulouse-Penthièvre
  • The modern House of Orléans is also related to him through his granddaughter Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre who married Philippe Egalité and became the mother of Louis-Philippe. The House of Bourbon-Penthièvre was an illegitimate branch of the House of Bourbon, thus descending from the Capetian dynasty. Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's royal founder Hugh Capet Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre, duchesse d'Orléans, ( March 13 1753 - June 23 1821) wife of the so-called "royal Louis Philippe II Joseph Duke of Orléans ( 13 April 1747 at Château de Saint Cloud, Saint-Cloud, France &ndash 6 November Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the

Paternal legitimate half-siblings

• Louis de France (1661 - 1711
  • The Dauphin of France from 1661 till his death in 1711. The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France—strictly Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the Heir apparent of the
• Marie-Thérèse de France (1667 - 1672)
  • The only legitimate daughter of Louis XIV to live older then the age of four. Marie-Thérèse de France was the fourth child and third daughter of Louis XIV and his Queen Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent She was known as Madame Royale at court. Fils de France ( Son of France) was the style and Rank held by the sons of the kings and dauphins of France
• 4 other who died before the age 5

Paternal illegitimate half-siblings

• Marie Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Blois (1666 - 1739)
  • Eldest surviving daughter of Louis XIV and Louise de la Vallière
  • Later wife to Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti and as such the princesse de Conti. Marie Anne de Bourbon princesse de Conti ( Vincennes, October 2 1666 - Paris, May 3 1739) was the illegitimate daughter Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Louise Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière ( August 6 1644 &ndash June 7 1710) was the mistress to Louis XIV of France Louis Armand I de Bourbon (1661–1685 was Prince of Conti from 1666 to his death succeeding his father Armand de Bourbon. The title of Prince of Conti, assumed by a cadet branch of the house of Bourbon-Condé, was taken from Conti-sur-Selles, a small town of northern France
• Louis de Bourbon, comte de Vermandois (1667 - 1683)
  • Eldest surviving son of Louis XIV and Louise de la Vallière
• Louise de Maison Blanche (1676-1718)
  • Daughter of Mlle des Oeillets Married Bernard de Prez and had 11 enfants. Louis de Bourbon comte de Vermandois ( October 2 1667 &ndash November 18 1683) was the eldest surviving son of Louis XIV Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Louise Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière ( August 6 1644 &ndash June 7 1710) was the mistress to Louis XIV of France

Maternal legitimate half-siblings

• Marie-Christine de Pardaillan de Gondrin (1663 - 1675)
  • Died while in the country with her father the marquis de Montespan
• Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, marquis d'Antin (1665 - 1736)
  • Louis Antoine later was given the title of duc d'Antin.

Ancestry

References

Notes

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
• G. Lenotre, Le Château de Rambouillet : six siècles d'histoire, Calmann-Lévy, collection « Châteaux : décors de l'histoire », Paris, 1930, 256 p. Réédition : Denoël, Paris, 1984, 215 p. (ISBN 2-207-23023-6).
• http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapelle_royale_de_Dreux
• http://radiointensite.free.fr/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=863 - Scroll down to 41st paragraph to sentence beginning « Le mardi 25 novembre 1783, S. A. S. Mgr Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre, prince d’Anet et comte de Dreux, a fait transporter de l’église de Rambouillet dans la collégiale de Saint-Etienne de cette ville le cercueil de S. A. S. Mgr le comte de Toulouse, son père. . . »

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