London Philharmonic Orchestra
Background information
Also known as	LPO; London Session Orchestra
Origin	London, England
Genre(s)	Classical
Occupation(s)	Symphony orchestra
Years active	1932-present
Associated acts	LPO Choir
Website	www.lpo.co.uk
Members
Principal Conductor Vladimir Jurowski Composer in Residence Mark-Anthony Turnage
Former members
Founder Sir Thomas Beecham

The London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO), based in London, is one of the major orchestras of the United Kingdom. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Vladimir Jurowski (Russian Владимир Михайлович Юровский Mark-Anthony Turnage (born June 10, 1960 in Corringham Essex) is an English Composer of classical music. Sir Thomas Beecham 2nd Baronet, CH (29 April 1879 &ndash 8 March 1961 was a British conductor and Impresario. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located It is based in the Royal Festival Hall. Royal Festival Hall is a concert dance and talks venue within Southbank Centre in London, England. In addition, the LPO is the main resident orchestra of the Glyndebourne Festival Opera.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early years 1.2 War and post-war years 1.3 The 1960s and 70s 1.4 Golden Jubilee 1.5 Present day 2 Non-classical work 3 Principal conductors 4 References 5 External links

History

Early years

The orchestra was formed in 1932 by Sir Thomas Beecham, and played its first concert on October 7, 1932 at the Queen's Hall, London. Sir Thomas Beecham 2nd Baronet, CH (29 April 1879 &ndash 8 March 1961 was a British conductor and Impresario. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Queen's Hall was a classical music Concert hall in Central London, England, opened in 1893 and was beloved by Londoners until its Its founding associate conductor was Malcolm Sargent^[1]. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes -->Sir Harold Malcolm Watts Sargent (29 April 1895 &ndash 3 October 1967 During the early years, the orchestra was led by Paul Beard and David McCallum, and included leading players such as Anthony Pini, Reginald Kell, Léon Goossens, Gwydion Brooke, Geoffrey Gilbert, Bernard Walton and James Bradshaw. David McCallum Sr ( 26 March 1897 &ndash 21 March 1972) was the Scottish Concertmaster violinist of the Royal Philharmonic Reginald Clifford Kell ( June 8, 1906 – August 5, 1981) was a British Clarinettist. Léon Jean Goossens CBE, FRCM ( 12 June 1897 - 13 February 1988) was a British oboist. Gwydion Brooke ( February 16, 1912 – March 27, 2005) was the principal Bassoonist of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Geoffrey Gilbert (1914-1989 was a celebrated English flautist ^[2]

At one of the orchestra's early concerts in November 1932 the sixteen-year old Yehudi Menuhin played a programme of violin concertos; those by Bach and Mozart were conducted by Beecham, and Elgar's concerto was conducted by the composer. Yehudi Menuhin Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE (April 22 1916 – March 12 1999 was an American -born Violinist and conductor who spent WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section.2 This article is written in British English including maximised use of "-ise"

In the 1930s the LPO was the orchestra for the international opera seasons at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, of which Beecham was artistic director. WikipediaWikiProject Opera --> The Royal Opera House is an Opera house and major performing Covent Garden (Pronunciation kɒvʌnt is a district in London, England, located on the easternmost parts of the City of Westminster and the southwest

Beecham conducted the orchestra in a series of 78-rpm recordings for Columbia Records, including a critically-acclaimed 1939 recording of Brahms' second symphony, which was later reissued on LP and CD. Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company Johannes Brahms ( pronounced ˈbʁaːms (May 7 1833 &ndash April 3 1897 was a German Composer

War and post-war years

In 1939 the orchestra's sponsors withdrew their financial support and the orchestra became self-governing, with members of the orchestra themselves taking decisions on the organisation's affairs. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During the Second World War it was particularly active in touring the country and bringing orchestral music to places where it was not usually available. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Many of the players' instruments were lost in an air-raid in the Queen's Hall in May 1941, and an appeal was broadcast by the BBC, the response to which was enormous, with instruments donated by the public enabling the orchestra to continue.

After the war, Beecham returned to the LPO for eighteen months, but left to found a new orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic. The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra ( RPO) is a British Orchestra based in London. Guest conductors in this period included Victor de Sabata, Bruno Walter, Sergiu Celibidache and Wilhelm Furtwängler. Victor de Sabata ( April 10, 1892 - December 11, 1967) was an Italian conductor and Composer. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Bruno Walter ( September 15, 1876 &ndash February Sergiu Celibidache (/'serʤju ʧelibi'dake/ ser-joo chay-lee-bee-DAH-kay ( June 28, 1912 &ndash August 14, 1996) was a Romanian-born German WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Wilhelm Furtwängler (January 25 1886 &ndash November 30 1954 was a In 1949/50 the LPO gave 248 concerts, compared with 103 by the London Symphony Orchestra and 32 each by the Philharmonia and RPO. The London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO) is one of the major orchestras of the United Kingdom. The Philharmonia is an Orchestra based in London. Since 1995 it has been based in the Royal Festival Hall. ^[3]

After a period with no principal conductor, the orchestra engaged the Dutch conductor Eduard van Beinum in 1947. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Eduard van Beinum ( September 3, 1901 &ndash April 13, 1959, Amsterdam) was a Dutch conductor Foreign nationals, at that time, were allowed to work in Britain for only six months of the year. In van Beinum’s absences, a roster of conductors guest-conducted the LPO, including Jean Martinon. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Jean Martinon ( January 10 1910 &ndash March Van Beinum’s health obliged him to resign in 1950. The LPO's managing director, Thomas Russell, then invited Sir Adrian Boult to take up the principal conductorship, after Boult had retired from his chief conductorship with the BBC Symphony Orchestra. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Sir Adrian Cedric Boult CH ( 8 April 1889

The orchestra underwent a crisis between 1949 and 1952 because Russell, who had been the leading force in keeping the orchestra going during the war years, came under pressure in the Cold War years because of his communist beliefs. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The London County Council withdrew its understanding that the LPO would be the resident orchestra at the new Royal Festival Hall, and eventually the orchestra voted to dismiss Russell. London County Council (LCC was the principal local government body for the County of London, throughout its 1889-1965 existence and the first London-wide general municipal

Boult headed the LPO’s tour of Russia in 1956. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending ^[4]. He subsequently stood down as principal conductor, but remained closely associated with the orchestra, and was made its President in 1965. Most of his stereophonic recordings for EMI were made with the LPO.

Through the late 1950s the LPO worked with conductors including Constantin Silvestri and Josef Krips. Constantin Silvestri ( May 13, 1913 &ndash February 23, 1969) was a Romanian conductor and composer Josef Alois Krips ( April 8, 1902 &ndash October 13 1974) was an Austrian conductor and Violinist. This was a bad period financially for the orchestra, and it was forced to abandon fixed contracts for its players with holiday and sick pay and pensions, and revert to payment by engagement.

In 1958 the LPO appointed William Steinberg as chief conductor. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> William Steinberg ( August 1, 1899 &ndash He was a noted orchestral trainer, and did much to restore playing standards to their former levels.

The 1960s and 70s

In 1962 the orchestra undertook its first tour of India, Australia and the Far East. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The conductors were Sir Malcolm Sargent and John Pritchard. John Pritchard may refer to John Pritchard (conductor (1921&ndash1989 English conductor John Lawrence Pritchard (born 1948 Anglican Bishop Pritchard was appointed the LPO’s chief conductor in 1962. He was also music director of the Glyndebourne Festival, and in 1964 the LPO replaced the RPO as Glyndebourne’s resident orchestra. This article is about the Glyndebourne opera festival See Glyndebourne for details of the Country house and opera house Glyndebourne Festival

In 1967 the LPO appointed Bernard Haitink as its principal conductor. Bernard Johan Herman Haitink CH KBE (born March 4, 1929) is a Dutch conductor and Violinist Early He remained with the orchestra for twelve years, bringing a continuity that had been lacking since Beecham’s departure in 1939.

During this period the orchestra gave fund raising concerts in which guests from outside the world of classical music appeared, including Danny Kaye and Duke Ellington. Danny Kaye ( January 18, 1913 – March 3, 1987) was an American award-winning Actor, Singer and Comedian Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader. Others to appear with the LPO included Tony Bennett, Victor Borge, Jack Benny and John Dankworth. Tony Bennett (born Anthony Dominick Benedetto; August 3 1926) is an American Singer of popular music, standards Victor Borge (pronounced "BOR-guh" January 3 1909 &ndash December 23 2000) was a Danish-American humorist entertainer and pianist Jack Benny (born Benjamin Kubelsky February 14, 1894 - December 26, 1974) was an American Comedian, vaudevillian Sir John Phillip William Dankworth, CBE (born 20 September, 1927) often known as Johnny Dankworth, is an English Jazz

In the 1970s the orchestra toured the USA, China, Western Europe. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Russia and the USA for a second time. Guest conductors included Erich Leinsdorf, Carlo Maria Giulini and Sir Georg Solti, who became the LPO’s chief conductor in 1979. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Erich Leinsdorf ( Erich Landauer) ( February 4, Carlo Maria Giulini ( May 9, 1914 &ndash June 14, 2005) was an Italian conductor, and violist. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Sir Georg Solti, KBE ( 21 October 1912

Golden Jubilee

In 1982 the orchestra celebrated its golden jubilee. A Golden Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 50th anniversary of a monarch's reign A contemporaneous book listed the many famous musicians who had worked with the LPO in its fifty years. In addition to those mentioned above, others were conductors Daniel Barenboim, Leonard Bernstein, Eugen Jochum, Erich Kleiber, Serge Koussevitzky, Pierre Monteux, André Previn and Leopold Stokowski, and soloists Janet Baker, Dennis Brain, Alfred Brendel, Pablo Casals, Clifford Curzon, Victoria de los Angeles, Jacqueline du Pré, Kirsten Flagstad, Beniamino Gigli, Emil Gilels, Jascha Heifetz, Wilhelm Kempff, Fritz Kreisler, Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, David Oistrakh, Luciano Pavarotti, Maurizio Pollini, Leontyne Price, Arthur Rubinstein, Elisabeth Schumann, Rudolf Serkin, Joan Sutherland, Richard Tauber and Eva Turner. Daniel Barenboim (born November 15, 1942) is a pianist and conductor. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Eugen Jochum ( November 1, 1902 &ndash March Erich Kleiber ( August 5, 1890 &ndash January 27, 1956) was an Austrian born conductor. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes -->Dr WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Pierre Monteux ( April 4, 1875 &ndash July WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> André Previn ( Andreas Ludwig Priwin) KBE (b WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Leopold Stokowski (born Leopold Anthony Stokowski though on occasion WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes and WikipediaWikiProject Musicians/Infobox --> Dennis Brain (1921 – 1957 was a British Virtuoso horn player and was largely responsible for popularizing the horn as a solo classical instrument with Alfred Brendel KBE (born January 5 1931 is an Austrian Pianist, born in Czechoslovakia and a resident of the United Kingdom. Sir Clifford Michael Curzon ( 18 May 1907 &ndash 1 September 1982) was an English Pianist. Victoria de los Ángeles (in Catalan Victòria dels Àngels ( November 1, 1923 &ndash January 15 Jacqueline Mary du Pré, OBE ( January 26, 1945 &ndash October 19, 1987) was an English cellist, today acknowledged Kirsten Malfrid Flagstad ( 12 July 1895 &ndash 7 December 1962) was a Norwegian Opera singer one of the greatest Beniamino Gigli ( March 20, 1890 - November 30, 1957) was an Italian Singer, widely regarded as one of the very greatest Emil Grigoryevich Gilels (Эми́ль Григо́рьевич Ги́лельс ru-Latn Emi'li Grego'rievič Gi'lelis; October 19 1916 – October Jascha Heifetz (ˈhaɪfɪts was a Lithuanian born American Violin Virtuoso ( &ndash December 10, 1987) Wilhelm Walter Friedrich Kempff ( November 25, 1895 &ndash May 23, 1991) was a world-renowned German Virtuoso Pianist Fritz Kreisler ( February 2, 1875 &ndash January 29, 1962) was an Austria -born American Violinist and Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli ( January 5, 1920 – June 12, 1995) was an Italian classical Pianist. David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (Russian Давид Фёдорович Ойстрах) David Fiodorovič Ojstrah; &ndash October 24, 1974 WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes. Thank you--> Luciano Pavarotti, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( October 12, Maurizio Pollini (born January 5, 1942) is an Italian classical Pianist. Mary Violet Leontyne Price (born February 10, 1927) is an American Opera singer ( Soprano) Arthur Rubinstein KBE ( January 28 1887 &ndash December 20 1982) was a Polish - American pianist who is widely WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Elisabeth Schumann ( 13 June 1888 in Merseburg Rudolf Serkin ( March 28, 1903 &ndash May 8, 1991) was a Bohemian-born Pianist. WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> Dame Joan Alston Sutherland, OM, AC, DBE (born 7 November 1926 Richard Tauber (b 16 May 1891, Linz &ndash d 8 January 1948, London England) was an Austrian Tenor Dame Eva Turner DBE ( 10 March, 1892 &ndash 16 June, 1990) was a dramatic soprano whose well-trained voice was renowned for its clarion

Present day

In December 2001, Vladimir Jurowski first conducted the LPO as a substitute guest conductor, to critical acclaim. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Vladimir Jurowski (Russian Владимир Михайлович Юровский ^[5]. He subsequently became their Principal Guest Conductor in 2003. He conducted the LPO in June 2007 during the concerts marking the re-opening of the refurbished Royal Festival Hall^[6]. In September 2007, Jurowski became the LPO's 11th principal conductor. In November 2007, the LPO named Yannick Nézet-Séguin as their new Principal Guest Conductor, effective with the 2008-2009 season. Yannick Nézet-Séguin (born 1975 Montreal) is a French Canadian conductor. ^[7]

The current LPO chief executive and artistic director is Timothy Walker. ^[8] The LPO has begun to issue CDs under its own label. ^[9]

Recently, LPO made a guest appearance on the animated television show Metalocalypse, in which they are all killed due to a laser show accident during a concert. Metalocalypse is an American Animated television series on Adult Swim created by Brendon Small and Tommy Blacha.

The orchestra have worked closely with, The Metro Voices choir, also from the city of london.

Non-classical work

As well as giving its classical concerts, the LPO has made several film soundtracks, including Lawrence of Arabia, Philadelphia, The Mission and The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, as well as some CD albums of the music from the Square Enix video game series Dragon Quest composed by Koichi Sugiyama, Symphonic Poem: Hope for Final Fantasy XII and the soundtrack for Xenosaga Episode I composed by Yasunori Mitsuda. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 Epic film based on the life of T Philadelphia is a 1993 Film revolving around HIV / AIDS, Homosexuality and prevailing attitudes concerning gays and homophobia The Mission is a 1986 British film about the experiences of a Jesuit missionary in Eighteenth century South America The Lord of the Rings film trilogy consists of three Live action Fantasy Epic films The Fellowship of the Ring ( 2001 is a Japanese video game and publishing company best known for its Console role-playing game franchises which include the Final Fantasy series the Dragon A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. published as Dragon Warrior in North America until the 2005 release of Dragon Quest VIII Journey of the Cursed King, is a series of role-playing (his birth name is, which is pronounced the same (born April 11, 1931) is a Japanese music Composer, council member of JASRAC is a Console role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix for Sony 's PlayStation 2, and the twelfth installment in the Final Fantasy is a Console role-playing game for the PlayStation 2 and the first title in the Xenosaga series is a Japanese Video game music Composer, sound programmer and Musician. They can also be heard in the 1993 television production of Gershwin's Porgy and Bess, conducted by Simon Rattle, as well as the 1989 EMI recording of the opera. George Gershwin (September 26 1898 &ndash July 11 1937 was an American Composer. Porgy and Bess is an Opera, first performed in 1935, with music by George Gershwin, Libretto by DuBose Heyward, and WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Sir Simon Denis Rattle, CBE, FRSA, (born January The orchestra also occasionally plays on popular music records like Nightwish's Once and Dark Passion Play, for example. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more Nightwish is a symphonic Power metal band formed in 1996 in the town of Kitee, Finland. Once is the fifth studio album of Finnish quintet Nightwish, released June 7, 2004 by Nuclear Blast Records. Dark Passion Play is the sixth studio album of Finnish quintet Nightwish, released on September 26 2007 in Finland, September 28 in In the mid-1990s the LPO even released tribute albums to rock bands like Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, and The Who with covers of the bands' songs, including an infamous rendition of “Kashmir", and a version of "Baba O'Riley", which was featured in the movie Slackers. Pink Floyd are Led Zeppelin were The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend " Kashmir " is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin from their 1975 album Physical Graffiti. " Baba O'Riley " is a song by the English rock band The Who, written by Pete Townshend. Slackers is a 2002 comedy movie directed by Dewey Nicks and stars Devon Sawa, Jason Schwartzman, Jaime King and The Orchestra also recorded most of the 4 CD set "Simply Rock Moods" covers of Rock songs in classical, yet contemporary style, for example: "Everybody Hurts" by REM, and Sailing by Rod Stewart. Roderick "Rod" David Stewart, CBE (born 10 January 1945 is a Singer and Songwriter born and raised in London England and currently This orchestra has also featured on Porcupine Tree 2007 album Fear of a Blank Planet and is working with no-man for their upcoming album Schoolyard Ghosts. Porcupine Tree are a Progressive rock band formed by Steven Wilson in 1987 in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2007 Fear of a Blank Planet (also Transmission 61) is the ninth studio album by British Progressive rock band Porcupine Tree No-Man is a British duo formed in 1987 as No Man Is An Island (Except The Isle Of Man by Tim Bowness and Steven Wilson (also of Porcupine Schoolyard Ghosts is the name of the sixth studio album by British Art rock band No-Man.

Principal conductors

1932-1939 Sir Thomas Beecham 1947-1950 Eduard van Beinum 1950-1957 Sir Adrian Boult 1958-1960 William Steinberg 1962-1966 Sir John Pritchard 1967-1979 Bernard Haitink

1979-1983 Sir Georg Solti 1983-1990 Klaus Tennstedt 1990-1996 Franz Welser-Möst 2000-2007 Kurt Masur 2007-present Vladimir Jurowski

References

• Aldous, Richard (2001). Tunes of glory: the life of Malcolm Sargent. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0091801311.  
• Moore, Jerrold Northrop (1982). Philharmonic: Jubilee 1932-1982. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0091473004.  

External links

• London Philharmonic Orchestra official website
• London Philharmonic Choir
• London Philharmonic Orchestra at Allmusic
• London Philharmonic Orchestra at the Internet Movie Database
• Jessica Duchen, "Strings attached". The Guardian, 15 September 2000.

allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide.

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