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This article lists and summarizes war crimes committed since the Hague Convention of 1907. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units Military history is a Humanities discipline within the scope of general historical recording of armed conflict in the history of humanity Prehistoric warfare is War conducted in the era before Writing, and before the establishments of large social entities like States Historical warfare sets Ancient warfare is War as conducted from the beginnings of recorded History to the end of the ancient period Medieval Warfare is the warfare of the Middle Ages. In Europe technological cultural and social developments had forced a dramatic transformation in the character Early Modern warfare is associated with the start of the widespread use of Gunpowder and the development of suitable weapons to use the explosive Industrial warfare is a period in the History of warfare ranging roughly from the start of the Industrial Revolution to the beginning of the Information Age Modern warfare, although present in every Historical period of Military history, is generally used to refer to the concepts, methods and Battlespace is a unified strategy to integrate and combine Armed forces for the Military theatre of operations, including air, information Air power redirects here for electrical and mechanical energy supplied by air movement see Wind power Information warfare is the use and management of information in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent Land warfare, sometimes also called ground combat is the term used to describe military operations eventuating in Combat that take place predominantly on the land surface of Naval warfare is Combat in and on Seas Oceans or any other major bodies of water such as large Lakes and wide Rivers History Space warfare is combat that takes place in Outer space, ie outside the Atmosphere. A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons Armoured warfare or tank warfare is the use of Armoured fighting vehicles in Modern warfare. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine Biological warfare (BW — known as a germ warfare, biological weapons and bioweaponry — is the use of any Pathogen ( Bacterium The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy. Electronic warfare ( EW) is the use of the Electromagnetic spectrum to effectively deny the use of this medium by an adversary while optimizing its use by friendly The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. The US Department of Defense defines psychological warfare ( PSYWAR) as" The planned use of Propaganda and other Psychological actions Military tactics ( Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army are the techniques for using weapons or military units in combination for engaging and defeating This article is about the military strategy For the Israeli-Egyptian conflict see War of Attrition, for the game theoretical model see War of attrition (game Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc Maneuver warfare, also spelled manoeuvre warfare, is the term used by military theorists for a concept of Warfare that advocates attempting to Total war is a conflict of unlimited scope in which a Belligerent engages in a total mobilization of all available resources at his disposal Trench warfare is a form of warfare where both combatants have fortified positions and fighting lines are static Military strategy is a National defence policy implemented by Military organisations to pursue desired strategic goals Derived from the Greek Economic warfare is the term for economic policies followed as a part of Military operations during Wartime The purpose of economic warfare is to capture Grand strategy is military Strategy at the level of movement and use of an entire Nation state or Empire 's resources A military organization is a way of structuring the armed forces of a State as a need to offer Military capability required by the National defence policy A military organization is a way of structuring the armed forces of a State as a need to offer Military capability required by the National defence policy Military rank is a system of hierarchical relationships in Armed forces or civil institutions organized along military lines A military organization is a way of structuring the armed forces of a State as a need to offer Military capability required by the National defence policy Military Logistics is the art and science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of military forces This article lists military technology items devices and methods Materiel (from the French "matériel" for equipment or hardware related to the word Material) is a term used in English to refer to the Military supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to procuring, producing and delivering products and services The broad This is an index to articles listing Battles. List of battles (alphabetical gives a global list See also Military History Antiquity Albania Agron ( 250 BC - 230 BC) The first king to unite the Illyrian This is a list of missions operations and projects Missions in support of other missions are not listed independently A Siege is a prolonged Military Assault and Blockade on a City or Fortress with the intent of conquering by force or Attrition See also List of military writers. Friedrich von Bernhardi Ivan Bloch John Boyd, inventor of the OODA Loop This is a listing of lists of Wars, sorted by country date region and type of conflict There is a bewildering array of Weapons far more than would be useful in list form This is a list of military writers, alphabetical by last name War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at The Hague, Netherlands in 1899 and In addition, those incidents which have been judged in a court of justice to be Crimes Against Peace that have been committed since these crimes were first defined are also included. A crime against peace, in International law, refers to "planning preparation initiation or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international [1]

Since many war crimes are not ultimately prosecuted (due to lack of political will, lack of effective procedures, or other practical and political reasons[2]), historians and lawyers will often make a serious case that war crimes occurred, even if there was no formal investigations or prosecution of the alleged crimes or an investigation cleared the alleged perpetrators.

War crimes under international law were firmly established by international trials such as the 1945 Nuremberg Major War Crimes Trials and the Tokyo trial of 1946, in which German and Japanese leaders were prosecuted for war crimes committed during World War II. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including For purpose of selectivity, only war crimes since the customary laws of war were clarified in the Hague Conventions of 1907 are included, because in the judgement at the Major War Crimes Trial in Nuremberg in 1945, it was stated that "by 1939 these rules laid down in the Hague Convention of 1907 were recognised by all civilised nations, and were regarded as being declaratory of the laws and customs of war". The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after [3]

Contents

1937-1945: Second Sino-Japanese War

This section includes war crimes until 8 December 1941 when the United States declared war on Japan so entering World War II. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For war crimes after this date see the section called World War II: Japan perpetrated crimes.

Armed conflictPerpetrator
Second Sino-Japanese WarJapan
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Nanking Massacre,[4] China, 1937-38Crimes against humanity; War crimes (Mass murder of civilian population & POWs, rape, looting)General Asaka Yasuhiko, commander, Japanese Shanghai Expeditionary Force, Imperial Japanese Army. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku General Iwane Matsui, Commanding general of Japanese forces in China, Imperial Japanese Army. General was a General of the Japanese Imperial Army and the commander of the expeditionary forces sent to China in World War II. Chief of staff of the Army Kotohito Kan'in, Minister of War Hajime Sugiyama. was the 6th head of a cadet branch the Japanese imperial family, and a career army officer who served as Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff from 1931 to ( 1 January 1880 - 12 September 1945) was a field marshal who served as successively as chief of the Army General Staff, and Debate still is ongoing as to the culpability of Emperor Hirohito in the events. also known as, (April 29 1901 – January 7 1989 was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order reigning from December 25 1926 until his death After the Battle of Nanking, on 13 December 1937, Japanese entered the city virtually resistance free. The Battle of Nanjing ( began after the fall of Shanghai in October 9, 1937, and ended with the fall of the capital city of Nanjing Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. From then for a period of about 6 weeks after, until early February 1938, widespread war crimes were committed including mass rape, looting, arson, the killing of civilians and prisoners of war. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. Most estimates put deaths at between 150,000 and 300,000 with newly declassified US government documents estimating an additional 500,000 outside Nanking before its fall.
Hankow massacre,China, 1938War crimes (Mass execution of POWs)General Shunroku Hata, commander, China Expeditionary Army , Imperial Japanese Army. Hankou ( Wade-Giles: Hankow is one of the three towns together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital Field Marshal, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. The was an Army group of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. War crimes were committed including the killing of civilians and prisoners of war[5]. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces.
Changjiao massacre,China, 1943Crimes against humanity, War crimes (Mass murder of civilian population & POWs, rape, looting)General Shunroku Hata, commander, China Expeditionary Army , Imperial Japanese Army. The Changjiao massacre ( Chinese:厂窖惨案 was a massacre aimed at Chinese Civilians by the Japanese China Expeditionary Army Field Marshal, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. The was an Army group of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. War crimes were committed including mass rape, looting, arson, the killing of civilians and prisoners of war. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. [6][7][8]
Attack on China in 1937Crimes against peace (Waging unprovoked war against China (count 27 at the Tokyo Trials)[4])Sadao Araki, Kenji Doihara, Kingoro Hashimoto, Shunroku Hata, Kiichiro Hiranuma, Koki Hirota, Naoki Hoshino, Seishiro Itagaki, Okinori Kaya, Koichi Kido, Heitaro Kimura, Kuniaki Koiso, Jiro Minami, Akira Muto, Takasumi Oka, Hiroshi Oshima, Kenryo Sato, Mamoru Shigemitsu, Shigetaro Shimada, Teiichi Suzuki, Toshio Shiratori, Shigenori Togo, Hideki Tojo, Yoshijiro Umezu
Attack on the United States in 1941[4]Crimes against peace (Waging aggressive war against the United States. Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army before World War II. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, and was instrumental in the planning of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Kingoro Hashimoto (橋本欣五郎 Hashimoto Kingorō 1890-1957 was a Japanese soldier and politician Field Marshal, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. ( 28 September 1867 - 22 August 1952) was a prominent pre-World War II right-wing Japanese Politician and the 35th was a Japanese Diplomat, Politician and the 32nd Prime Minister of Japan from March 9, 1936 to February 2, 1937 was a Bureaucrat and Politician who served in the Taishō and early Showa period Japanese government and as an official in the Empire of Manchukou was general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister. Marquis ( July 18 1889 – April 6 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1940 to 1945 and was the closest was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Biography Kimura was born in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, but was raised in Hiroshima prefecture was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 41st Prime Minister of Japan from 22 July 1944 to 7 April was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and Governor-General of Korea between 1936 and 1942 was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Japanese Ambassador to Nazi Germany during World War II — and unknowingly a major source Mamoru Shigemitsu (重光 葵 July 29 1881 &ndash January 26, 1957) was the Japanese Minister of Foreign affairs at was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Toshio Shiratori (1887-1949 was the Japanese Ambassador to Italy from 1938 to 1940 Advisor to the Japanese Foreign minister in 1940 ( 10 December 1882 - 23 July 1950) was Minister of Foreign Affairs for Japan at both the start and the end of the Japanese-American ( 4 January 1882 - 8 January 1949) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. (count 29 at the Tokyo Trials)[4])Kenji Doihara, Shunroku Hata, Kiichiro Hiranuma, Naoki Hoshino, Seishiro Itagaki, Okinori Kaya, Koichi Kido, Heitaro Kimura, Kuniaki Koiso, Akira Muto, Takasumi Oka, Kenryo Sato, Mamoru Shigemitsu, Shigetaro Shimada, Teiichi Suzuki, Shigenori Togo, Hideki Tojo, Yoshijiro Umezu[4]Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet started the war with the Attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, December 7, 1941. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, and was instrumental in the planning of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Field Marshal, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. ( 28 September 1867 - 22 August 1952) was a prominent pre-World War II right-wing Japanese Politician and the 35th was a Bureaucrat and Politician who served in the Taishō and early Showa period Japanese government and as an official in the Empire of Manchukou was general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister. Marquis ( July 18 1889 – April 6 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1940 to 1945 and was the closest was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Biography Kimura was born in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, but was raised in Hiroshima prefecture was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 41st Prime Minister of Japan from 22 July 1944 to 7 April was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Mamoru Shigemitsu (重光 葵 July 29 1881 &ndash January 26, 1957) was the Japanese Minister of Foreign affairs at was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. ( 10 December 1882 - 23 July 1950) was Minister of Foreign Affairs for Japan at both the start and the end of the Japanese-American ( 4 January 1882 - 8 January 1949) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Fleet Admiral ( 4 April 1884 – 18 April 1943) was the Commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II a A commander-in-chief is the Commander of a nation's Military forces or significant element of those forces For Carrier Striking Task Force, please see that article For Imperial Japanese Navy, please see that article The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. War crimes were committed including the killing of civilians in an undeclared war. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces.

1939-1945 World War II

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Axis powers (listed by country)

The Axis Powers (particularly Germany and Japan) were perhaps the most systematic perpetrators of war crimes in human history. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The culmination of events that led to World War II are generally understood to be the 1939 invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and of the Republic This article is concerned with the events that preceded World War II in Asia. The events preceding World War II in Europe are closely tied to the rise of Fascism, especially in Nazi Germany. 1939 March March 14 1939 The pro-German Slovak Republic created with Jozef Tiso This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II. This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II. This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II. This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II. This is a timeline of events that occurred during World War II in 1943 This is a timeline of events that occurred during 1944 in World War II. This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II. Below is the timeline of the events of the Eastern Front of World War II, the conflict between the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union from 1941 - Africa See also List of North African Campaign Battles Western Front Battle of the Bulge This is a list of known World War II era Military operations and missions commonly associated with World War II The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers Technology during World War II played a crucial role in determining the outcome of the war Public domain document Atlas of the World Battle Fronts in Semimonthly Phases to August 15th 1945 was produced for the Chief of Staff of the United The following is a Timeline of the Manhattan Project, the effort by the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada to develop the first Air power redirects here for electrical and mechanical energy supplied by air movement see Wind power The Home front is the name given to the activities of the civilians during a state of Total war. During World War II Nazi Germany occupied all or parts of the following countries Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Resistance during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means ranging from non-cooperation disinformation and propaganda to hiding crashed pilots See also Casualties of World War II, Effects of World War II, Consequences of German Nazism The Aftermath of World War II covers a period of World War II was humanity's deadliest war causing tens of millions of deaths The effects of World War II had far-reaching implications for the international community This article lists and summarizes War crimes committed since the Hague Convention of 1907. German Nazism and the acts of the Nazi German state profoundly affected many countries communities and peoples before during and after World War II. The influence of World War II has been profound and diverse having an impact on many parts of life World War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict, the joining of what had initially been two separate wars World War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict, the joining of what had initially been two separate wars 1 Alpine Division Taurinense 1 Alpini Regiment 1 Cent WWII (Dutch coin 1 Mountain Artillery Regiment (Italy A-20 Havoc A-25 Helldiver A-26 Invader A-31 Vengeance A-A line A Bell for Adano (novel B-17 Flying Fortress (video game B-17 Flying Fortress B-17 Queen of the Skies B-24 Liberator B-29 Superfortress C-108 Flying Fortress C-46 Commando C-47 Skytrain C-54 Skymaster C-76 Caravan C-87 Liberator D-10 tank gun D-8 Armored Car D-Day -1 D-Day (game D-Day Dodgers D-Day Museum E Frederic Morrow E Howard Hunt E Ion Pool E Lloyd Du Brul E R F-34 tank gun F Kikan F Burke Jones F F E Yeo-Thomas F F Worthington F G-H (navigation G-Men vs the Black Dragon G and H class destroyer G for George G H-8 bomber H-hour (D-day H A Sinclair de Rochemont H Emory Widener Jr I'll Remember April (film I Airborne Corps (United Kingdom I Armored Corps (United States I Canadian Corps J-XX J Malan Heslop J Aird Nesbitt J Allen Frear Jr J B Stoner J K-25 K-ration K class submarine (Soviet K is for Killing K P K L'Absinthe L'Adroit class destroyer L'affiche rouge (Poem L'Ambroisie L'Arpège L'Astrance M-1941 Field Jacket M-24 (Japanese midget submarine M B Etheredge M class Minesweeper (Germany M class N Force N G L Hammond N H Gibbs Nabatingue Toko Nabetari Nacht und Nebel O-I OA vz27 Oak Ridge Associated Universities Oak Ridge City Center Oak Ridge High School (Oak Ridge Tennessee P-15 Termit P-59 Airacomet P-61 Black Widow P-80 Shooting Star P 4 class torpedo boat P Q Byrum Hurst QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun QF 2 pounder naval gun QF 3 inch 20 cwt QF 3 R-planes R Adams Cowley R boat R Burnett Miller R D Oliver R F S-1 Uranium Committee S-50 S-mine S-Phone S A Ayer S J Warmington S T-26 T-27 T-28 Super Heavy Tank T-28 T-34 variants T-34 T-35 U-571 (film U-A U-boat Front Clasp U-boat War Badge U-Boote westwärts U-Man V-1 flying bomb V-2 rocket V-3 cannon V-42 Stiletto V-mail V Amphibious Corps W or the Memory of Childhood W Andersen W Browning W D Workman Jr X X-10 Graphite Reactor X-Day X Corps (United Kingdom X Corps (United States X Force X X-10 Graphite Reactor X-Day X Corps (United Kingdom X Corps (United States X Force X X-10 Graphite Reactor X-Day X Corps (United Kingdom X Corps (United States X Force The campaigns of World War II were the military operations that were employed during World War II. The participants in World War II were those Nations who either participated directly in or were affected by any of the theaters or events of World War II. Aircraft List of aircraft of World War II List of World War II military aircraft of Germany List of aircraft of the This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Contributing factors included Nazi race theory, a desire for "living space" that justified the eradication of native populations, and militaristic indoctrination that encouraged the terrorization of conquered peoples and prisoners of war. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The Holocaust, the German attack on Russia and occupation of Western Europe, and the Japanese occupation of Manchuria and attack on China contributed to well over half of the civilian deaths in World War II and the conflicts that led up to the war. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Croatian perpetrated crimes

Numerous concentration camps were built in Croatia, most notably Jasenovac (in Croatian: Logor Jasenovac in Serbian: Логор Јасеновац / Logor Jasenovac), the largest, where hundreds of thousands of Serbs, Gypsies (Roma), Jews and Croatian dissidents died. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between It was established by the Ustaša regime of the Independent State of Croatia in August 1941 and not dismantled until April 1945, shortly before the end of the war. For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

According to the Simon Wiesenthal Center (citing the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust), "Ustasa terrorists killed 500,000 Serbs, expelled 250,000 and forced 250,000 to convert to Catholicism. The Simon Wiesenthal Center (often abbreviated SWC) with headquarters in Los Angeles The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust was published in 1990 in tandem Hebrew and English editions by Yad Vashem (יד ושם the Israeli They murdered thousands of Jews and Gypsies. "[9]

Jasenovac was a complex of five subcamps and three smaller camps spread out over 240 square kilometers (93 square miles), in relatively close proximity to each other, on the bank of the Sava river. Most of the camp was at Jasenovac, about 100 km (62 miles) southeast of Zagreb. The complex also included large grounds at Donja Gradina directly across the Sava river, a camp for children in Sisak to the northwest, and a women's camp in Stara Gradiška to the southeast.

Ante Pavelić, leader of the Ustasha, fled to Argentina and Spain, and was never extradited to stand trial for his war crimes. For the vice president of the National assembly of the State of Slovenes Croats and Serbs see Ante Pavelić (1869 Ante Pavelić ( July For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

See Ustaša. For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian:

Italian perpetrated crimes

German perpetrated crimes

According to the Nuremberg Trials, there were four major war crimes that were alleged against German military (and Waffen-SS and NSDAP) men and officers, each with individual events that made up the major charges. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after

1. Participation in a common plan of conspiracy for the accomplishment of crimes against peace

2. In the Criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between Natural persons to break the law at some time in the future and in some cases with at least one overt act A crime against peace, in International law, refers to "planning preparation initiation or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international Planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace

3. War Crimes These were limited to atrocities against combatants or conventional crimes committed by military units (see War crimes of the Wehrmacht), and include:

4. Crimes against Humanity These were crimes that were committed well away from the lines of battle and were unconnected in any way to military activity.

Other crimes against humanity included:

Well over 10 million people were systematically killed by the Nazi regime (some accountings place the figure at over 20 million) from crimes against humanity, in particular the Holocaust. Of this figure, the largest amount of deaths happened among the Jews. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The common estimate is that 5 to 6 million Jews were killed by the Nazis, although a complete count may never be known. After the war, the Nazi regime was put on trial in two tribunals in Nuremberg, Germany by the victorious Allied powers from 1945 to 1949. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The first tribunal indicted 24 major Nazi war criminals, and resulted in 19 convictions (of which 12 led to death sentences) and 3 acquittals. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after In the Common law legal system an indictment (ɪnˈdaɪtmənt (in-DITE-mint is a formal accusation of having committed a criminal offense In Law, a conviction is the Verdict that results when a Court of law finds a Defendant guilty of a Crime. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. In Criminal law, an acquittal is a verdict of not guilty, or some similar end of the proceeding that terminates it with prejudice without a verdict The second tribunal indicted 185 members of the military, economic, and political leadership of Nazi Germany, of which 142 were convicted and 35 were acquitted. The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials (more formally the Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals) were a series of twelve U In subsequent decades, approximately 20 additional war criminals who escaped capture in the immediate aftermath of World War II were tried in West Germany and Israel. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. In Germany and many other European nations, the Nazi Party is outlawed.

Hungarian perpetrated crimes

IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Ip massacreCrimes against humanity (Murder of civilians)no prosecutions

Japanese perpetrated crimes

Main article: Japanese war crimes

This section includes war crimes from 8 December 1941 when the United States declared war on Japan so entering World War II. The Ip massacre took place in the early hours of 14 September 1940, in Ip Sălaj, a village in Northern Transylvania when the Hungarian Japanese war crimes occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For war crimes before this date which took place during the Second Sino-Japanese War please see the section above called 1937-1945: Second Sino-Japanese War.

IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
World War IICrimes against peaceGeneral Doihara Kenji, Baron Hirota Koki, General Itagaki Seishiro, General Kimura Heitaro, General Matsui Iwane, General Muto Akira, General Hideki Tojo, General Araki Sadao, Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro, Field Marshal Hata Shunroku, Baron Hiranuma Kiichiro, Hoshino Naoki, Kaya Okinori, Marquis Kido Kōichi, General Koiso Kuniaki, General Minami Jiro, Admiral Oka Takasumi, General Oshima Hiroshi, General Sato Kenryo, Admiral Shimada Shigetaro, Shiratori Toshio, General Suzuki Teiichi, General Umezu Yoshijiro, Togo Shigenori, Shigemitsu MamoruWere tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Waging aggressive war against the British Commonwealth (count 31 at the Tokyo Trials)[4]Kenji Doihara, Shunroku Hata, Kiichiro Hiranuma, Naoki Hoshino, Seishiro Itagaki, Okinori Kaya, Koichi Kido, Heitaro Kimura, Kuniaki Koiso, Akira Muto, Takasumi Oka, Kenryo Sato, Mamoru Shigemitsu, Shigetaro Shimada,Teiichi Suzuki, Shigenori Togo, Hideki Tojo, Yoshijiro Umezu[4]War started with attacks on Hong Kong and Malaya
Waging aggressive war against the Netherlands(count 32 at the Tokyo Trials)[4]Kenji Doihara, Shunroku Hata, Kiichiro Hiranuma, Naoki Hoshino, Seishiro Itagaki, Okinori Kaya, Koichi Kido, Heitaro Kimura, Kuniaki Koiso, Akira Muto, Takasumi Oka, Kenryo Sato, Mamoru Shigemitsu, Shigetaro Shimada,Teiichi Suzuki, Shigenori Togo, Hideki Tojo, Yoshijiro Umezu[4]
Waging aggressive war against France in Indochina (count 33 at the Tokyo Trials)[4]Mamoru Shigemitsu, Hideki Tojo[4]
Waging aggressive war against the USSR (counts 35 and 36 or both at the Tokyo Trials)[4]Kenji Doihara, Kiichiro Hiranuma, Seishiro Itagaki[4]
"ordered, authorized, and permitted" inhumane treatment of Prisoners of War (POWs) and others. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A crime against peace, in International law, refers to "planning preparation initiation or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, and was instrumental in the planning of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. was a Japanese Diplomat, Politician and the 32nd Prime Minister of Japan from March 9, 1936 to February 2, 1937 was general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Biography Kimura was born in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, but was raised in Hiroshima prefecture General was a General of the Japanese Imperial Army and the commander of the expeditionary forces sent to China in World War II. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army before World War II. Kingoro Hashimoto (橋本欣五郎 Hashimoto Kingorō 1890-1957 was a Japanese soldier and politician Field Marshal, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. ( 28 September 1867 - 22 August 1952) was a prominent pre-World War II right-wing Japanese Politician and the 35th was a Bureaucrat and Politician who served in the Taishō and early Showa period Japanese government and as an official in the Empire of Manchukou Marquis ( July 18 1889 – April 6 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1940 to 1945 and was the closest was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 41st Prime Minister of Japan from 22 July 1944 to 7 April was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and Governor-General of Korea between 1936 and 1942 Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Japanese Ambassador to Nazi Germany during World War II — and unknowingly a major source was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Toshio Shiratori (1887-1949 was the Japanese Ambassador to Italy from 1938 to 1940 Advisor to the Japanese Foreign minister in 1940 ( 4 January 1882 - 8 January 1949) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. ( 10 December 1882 - 23 July 1950) was Minister of Foreign Affairs for Japan at both the start and the end of the Japanese-American Mamoru Shigemitsu (重光 葵 July 29 1881 &ndash January 26, 1957) was the Japanese Minister of Foreign affairs at was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, and was instrumental in the planning of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Field Marshal, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. ( 28 September 1867 - 22 August 1952) was a prominent pre-World War II right-wing Japanese Politician and the 35th was a Bureaucrat and Politician who served in the Taishō and early Showa period Japanese government and as an official in the Empire of Manchukou was general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister. Marquis ( July 18 1889 – April 6 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1940 to 1945 and was the closest was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Biography Kimura was born in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, but was raised in Hiroshima prefecture was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 41st Prime Minister of Japan from 22 July 1944 to 7 April was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Mamoru Shigemitsu (重光 葵 July 29 1881 &ndash January 26, 1957) was the Japanese Minister of Foreign affairs at was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. ( 10 December 1882 - 23 July 1950) was Minister of Foreign Affairs for Japan at both the start and the end of the Japanese-American ( 4 January 1882 - 8 January 1949) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. The Battle of Hong Kong took place during the Pacific campaign of World War II. The Battle of Malaya was a campaign fought by Allied and Japanese forces in Malaya, from December 8 1941 to January 31 was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, and was instrumental in the planning of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Field Marshal, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. ( 28 September 1867 - 22 August 1952) was a prominent pre-World War II right-wing Japanese Politician and the 35th was a Bureaucrat and Politician who served in the Taishō and early Showa period Japanese government and as an official in the Empire of Manchukou was general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister. Marquis ( July 18 1889 – April 6 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1940 to 1945 and was the closest was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Biography Kimura was born in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, but was raised in Hiroshima prefecture was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 41st Prime Minister of Japan from 22 July 1944 to 7 April was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Mamoru Shigemitsu (重光 葵 July 29 1881 &ndash January 26, 1957) was the Japanese Minister of Foreign affairs at was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. ( 10 December 1882 - 23 July 1950) was Minister of Foreign Affairs for Japan at both the start and the end of the Japanese-American ( 4 January 1882 - 8 January 1949) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Mamoru Shigemitsu (重光 葵 July 29 1881 &ndash January 26, 1957) was the Japanese Minister of Foreign affairs at was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, and was instrumental in the planning of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. ( 28 September 1867 - 22 August 1952) was a prominent pre-World War II right-wing Japanese Politician and the 35th was general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister. (count 54 at the Tokyo Trials)[4]Kenji Doihara, Seishiro Itagaki, Heitaro Kimura, Akira Muto, Hideki Tojo[4]
"deliberately and recklessly disregarded their duty" to take adequate steps to prevent atrocities. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, and was instrumental in the planning of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. was general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Biography Kimura was born in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, but was raised in Hiroshima prefecture was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. (counts 55 at the Tokyo Trials)[4]Shunroku Hata, Koki Hirota, Heitaro Kimura, Kuniaki Koiso, Iwane Matsui, Akira Muto, Mamoru Shigemitsu[4]
Banka Island Massacre, Dutch East Indies, 1942Crimes against humanity (Murder of civilians)no prosecutionsThe merchant ship Vyner Brooke was sunk by Japanese aircraft. Field Marshal, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. was a Japanese Diplomat, Politician and the 32nd Prime Minister of Japan from March 9, 1936 to February 2, 1937 was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Biography Kimura was born in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, but was raised in Hiroshima prefecture was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 41st Prime Minister of Japan from 22 July 1944 to 7 April General was a General of the Japanese Imperial Army and the commander of the expeditionary forces sent to China in World War II. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Mamoru Shigemitsu (重光 葵 July 29 1881 &ndash January 26, 1957) was the Japanese Minister of Foreign affairs at The Banka Island massacre took place on 16 February 1942, when Japanese soldiers Machine gunned 22 Australian Military nurses See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below The survivors who made it to Banka Island were all shot or bayonetted, including 22 nurses ordered into the sea and machine-gunned. One nurse Vivian Bullwinkel survived the massacre and later testified at a war crimes trial in Tokyo in 1947[10]
Bataan Death March, Philippines, 1942Crime of torture, war crimes (Torture and murder of POWs)General Masaharu Homma was convicted by an Allied commission of war crimes, including the atrocities of the death march out of Bataan, and the atrocities at Camp O'Donnell and Cabanatuan that followed. Vivian Bullwinkel-Statham AO, MBE, ARRC, ED ( 18 December 1915 – 3 July 2000) was an Australian The Bataan Death March (also known as The Death March of Bataan) took place in the Philippines in 1942 and was later accounted as a Japanese war The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He is noteworthy for his role in the invasion and occupation of the Philippines during World War II in which he earned the nick-name Camp O'Donnell was a facility of the United States Air Force in Capas Tarlac, The Philippines. He was executed on April 3, 1946 outside Manila. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of Manila Approximately 75,000 Filipino and US soldiers, commanded by Major General Edward P. King, Jr. Edward P King (1884 - 1958 was a Major General in the United States Army who gained prominence for leading the defense of the Bataan Peninsula in the formally surrendered to the Japanese, under General Masaharu Homma, on April 9, 1942, which forced Japan to accept emaciated captives outnumbering them. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Captives were forced to march, beginning the next day, about 100 kilometers north to Nueva Ecija to Camp O'Donnell, a prison camp. Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region Prisoners of war were beaten randomly and denied food and water for several days. Those who fell behind were executed through various means: shot, beheaded or bayoneted. Deaths estimated at 650-1,500 U. S. and 2,000 to over 5,000 Filipino-,[5]
Operation Sankō (Three Alls Policy)Crime of genocide, Crimes against humanity (Extermination of civilians)General Yasuji OkamuraAuthorized in December 1941 to implement a scorched earth policy in North China by Imperial General Headquarters. The Three Alls Policy (三光作戦 Sankō Sakusen;) was a Japanese Scorched earth policy adopted in China during World War II, the three alls was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army, and commander-in-chief of the China Expeditionary Army from November 1944 to the end of World War II. The as part of the Supreme War Council was established in 1893 to coordinate efforts between the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy during wartime According to historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta, "more than 2. 7 million" civilians were killed in this operation that began in May 1942.
Parit Sulong massacre, Malaysia, 1942War crimes (Murder of POWs)Lieutenant General Takuma Nishimura, was convicted for this crime by an Australian Military Court and hanged on June 11, 1951. On January 23, 1942, the Parit Sulong Massacre was committed against Allied soldiers by members of the Imperial Guards Division For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. He was later tried by the Allies for War crimes and was executed. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January [11]Recently captured Australian and Indian POWs, who had been too badly wounded to escape through the jungle, were murdered by Japanese soldiers. Accounts differ on how they were killed. Two wounded Australians managed to escape the massacre and provide eyewitness accounts of the Japanese treatment of wounded prisoners of war, as did locals who witnessed the massacre. Official records indicate that 150 wounded men were killed.
Laha massacre, 1942War crimes (Murder of POWs)In 1946, the Laha massacre and other incidents which followed the fall of Ambon became the subject of the largest ever war crimes trial, when 93 Japanese personnel were tried by an Australian tribunal, at Ambon. The Battle of Ambon occurred on the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia on January 30 - February 3, 1942, during Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Among other convictions, four men were executed as a result. Commander Kunito Hatakeyama, who was in direct command of the four massacres, was hanged; Rear Admiral Koichiro Hatakeyama, who was found to have ordered the killings, died before he could be tried. Commander is a Military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service Rear admiral is a Naval Commissioned officer rank above that of a Commodore and Captain, and below that of a Vice Admiral. [12]After the battle Battle of Ambon, more than 300 Australian and Dutch prisoners of war were chosen at random and summarily executed, at or near Laha airfield in four separate massacres. The Battle of Ambon occurred on the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia on January 30 - February 3, 1942, during A summary execution is a type of Extrajudicial punishment in which a person is killed on the spot without Trial. "The Laha massacre was the largest of the atrocities committed against captured Allied troops in 1942. ". [13]
Alexandra Hospital massacre, Battle of Singapore, 1942Crimes against humanity (Murder of civilians)no prosecutionsAt about 1pm on February 14, Japanese soldiers approached Alexandra Barracks Hospital. The Battle of Singapore was fought in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II when the Empire of Japan invaded the Allied stronghold The Battle of Singapore was fought in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II when the Empire of Japan invaded the Allied stronghold Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Although no resistance was offered, some of them shot or bayoneted staff members and patients. A bayonet (from French baïonnette) is a Knife - Dagger - or spike-shaped Weapon designed to fit on or over the muzzle The remaining staff and patients were murdered over the next two days, 200 in all. [14]
Sook Ching Massacre, 1942Crimes against humanity (Murder of civilians)In 1947, the British Colonial authorities in Singapore held a war crimes trial to bring the perpetrators to justice. The Sook Ching massacre (肅清大屠殺 was a systematic Extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore by the Japanese military War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Seven officers, were charged with carrying out the massacre. While Lieutenant General Saburo Kawamura, Lieutenant Colonel Masayuki Oishi received the death penalty, the other five received life sentencesThe massacre (estimated at 25,000-50,000) was a systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore by the Japanese military administration during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, after the British colony surrendered in the Battle of Singapore on 15 February 1942. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. Life imprisonment or life incarceration is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime often for most The Japanese occupation of Singapore was the period in the History of Singapore between 1942 and 1945 when Japanese forces occupied Singapore during The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The Battle of Singapore was fought in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II when the Empire of Japan invaded the Allied stronghold Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Manila MassacreCrimes against humanity (Murder of civilians)Tomoyuki Yamashita commander, Akira Muto chief of staffAs commander of the 14th Area Army in the Philippines, Gen. The Manila massacre refers to the February 1945 atrocities conducted against Filipino civilians in Manila, Philippines by retreating Japanese General was a General of the Japanese Imperial Army during the World War II. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Yamashita failed to stop his troops from killing over 100,000 Filipino citizens of Manila during the fighting with both native resistance forces and elements of the Sixth U.S. Army during the capture of the city in February, 1945. The City of Manila The Sixth United States Army was a Field army of the United States Army Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Yamashita pleaded inability to act and lack of knowledge of the massacre, due to his commanding other operations int the area. The defense failed, establishing the Yamashita Standard, which holds that a commander who makes no meaningful effort to uncover and stop atrocities is as culpable as if he had ordered them. Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, is the doctrine of hierarchical accountability in cases of His chief of staff Akira Muto was condemned by the Tokyo tribunal. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
Unit 100Crimes against humanity; Use of poisons as weapons (biological warfare experiments on humans)no prosecutions
Unit 731Crimes against humanity; War crimes; Crime of torture; Use of poisons as weapons (biological warfare testing, manufacturing, and use)12 members of the Kantogun were found guilty for the manufacture and use of biological weapons. Unit 100 was a secret Imperial Japanese Army facility that focused on the development of Biological weapons during World War II. was a covert biological and Chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during Including: General Yamada Otsuzo, former Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Army and Major General Kawashima Kiyoshi, former Chief of Unit 731. During this biological and chemical weapons' program over 10,000 were experimented on without anesthetic and as many as 200,000 died throughout China. The Soviet Union tried some members of Unit 731 at the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials. Khabarovsk War Crime Trials were a series of hearings held between December 25 - 31st 1949 in the Russian industrial city of Khabarovsk, (Хабáровск situated However those who surrendered to the Americans were never brought to trial as General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, secretly granted immunity to the physicians of Unit 731 in exchange for providing America with their research on biological weapons[15] . General MacArthur redirects here for other meanings see General MacArthur (disambiguation. Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers ( SCAP) was the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the Occupation of Japan following World War II Biological warfare (BW — known as a germ warfare, biological weapons and bioweaponry — is the use of any Pathogen ( Bacterium
Unit 8604Crimes against humanity; Use of poisons as weapons (biological warfare experiments on humans)no prosecutions
Unit 9420Crimes against humanity; Use of poisons as weapons (biological warfare experiments on humans)no prosecutions
Unit Ei 1644Crimes against humanity; Use of poisons as weapons; Crime of torture; Crime of genocide (violating human rights)no prosecutionsUnit 1644 conducted tests to determine human susceptibility to a variety of harmful stimuli ranging from infectious diseases to poison gas. Unit 8604 or Nami Unit was a secret military medical unit of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA that researched Biological warfare and other topics through Formed in 1942 to support the Japanese Southern Army, Unit 9420 or Oka Unit consisted of two units the Umeoka Unit specialising in the plague, and the Unit Ei 1644 (栄1644部隊 also known as "Unit 1644" was a medical research unit of the Japanese Imperial Army based in Nanjing, China. It was the largest germ experimentation center in China. Unit 1644 regularly carried out human vivisections as well as infecting humans with cholera, typhus, and bubonic plague. Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious Gastroenteritis caused by the Bacterium Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Louse -borne bacteria Bubonic plague is the best-known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis (formerly known as
construction of Burma-Thai Railway, the "Death Railway"War crimes; Crimes against humanity (POWs and civilian labourers forced to support war effort)no prosecutionsThe estimated total number of civilian labourers and POWs who died during construction is about 160,000. The Burma Railway, also known also as the Death Railway, the Thailand-Burma Railway and similar names is a 415 km (258 mile railway between
Comfort WomenCrimes against humanity (violating human rights laws)no prosecutionsUp to around 200,000 women were forced to work in Japanese military brothels. Comfort women is a Euphemism for women forced into Prostitution and Sexual slavery for Japanese military brothels during World War
Sandakan Death MarchesCrimes against humanity, War crimes (Murder of civilian slave laborers and POWs)Three Allied POWs survived to give evidence at war crimes trials in Tokyo and Rabaul. The Sandakan Death Marches were a series of forced marches from Sandakan to Ranau which resulted in the deaths of more than 3600 Indonesian officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Rabaul is a township in East New Britain province Papua New Guinea. Hokijima was found guilty and hanged on April 6, 1946Over 6,000 Indonesian civilian slave laborers and POWs died. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
War Crimes in ManchukuoCrimes against humanity; Crime of slaving (Slave labor)Kōa-inAccording to historian Zhifen Ju, more than 10 million Chinese civilians were mobilized by the Imperial Japanese Army for slave labor in Manchukuo under the supervision of the Kōa-in. War crimes in Manchukuo were committed during the rule of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China, either directly or through its Puppet state of Manchukuo The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere ( Kyūjitai: 大東亞共榮圈 Shinjitai: ja 大東亜共栄圏 Dai-tō-a Kyōeiken) was a concept The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku [16]
Kaimingye germ weapon attackCrimes against humanity; War crimes, Use of poisons as weapons (use of biological weapons)no prosecutionsThese bubonic plague attacks killing hundreds were a joint Unit 731 and Unit Ei 1644 endeavor. The Kaimingjie germ weapon attack was a Japanese Biological warfare bacterial germ strike against Kaimingjie an area of the port of Ningbo in the was a covert biological and Chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during Unit Ei 1644 (栄1644部隊 also known as "Unit 1644" was a medical research unit of the Japanese Imperial Army based in Nanjing, China.
Alleged Changteh Chemical Weapon Attack April and May, 1943Crimes against humanity; War crimes; Use of poisons as weapons (use of chemical and biological weapons)no prosecutionsChemical weapons supplied by Unit 516. The Changde chemical weapon attack refers to the use of chemical and biological weapons by Japan during the Battle of Changde in the Unit 516 was a top secret Japanese Chemical weapons facility operated by the Kempeitai, in Qiqihar, Manchukuo. Bubonic plague and poison gas were used against civilians, followed by further massacres and burning of the city.

Romanian perpetrated crimes

Incidenttype of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Iasi pogromCrimes against humanity; Crime of genocide (murder of civilians, ethnic cleansing)no prosecutions
Odessa massacreCrimes against humanity; Crime of genocide (murder of civilians, ethnic cleansing)no prosecutions
Aita Seaca massacre

Allied powers (listed by country)

Main article Allied war crimes during World War II

Soviet Union perpetrated crimes

Main article: Soviet war crimes
Concurrent with World War II
Incidenttype of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Katyń massacreWar crimes (Murder of Polish POWs)Lavrenty Beria, Joseph StalinAn NKVD-committed massacre of tens of thousands of Polish officers and intelligentsia throughout the spring of 1940. The Iaşi pogrom of June 27 1941 was the second most violent Pogrom in Jewish history after Baby Yar, launched by governmental forces The Odessa massacre was the extermination of Jews in Odessa and surrounding towns in Transnistria during the autumn of 1941 and the winter of 1942 in Allied war crimes were violations of the Laws of war committed by the Allies of World War II against civilian populations or military personnel of the Axis Soviet war crimes gives a short overview about serious crimes committed by the Red Army 's (1918-1946 later Soviet Army) leadership and an unknown number of single Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria; Russian: Лаврентий Павлович Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The NKVD ( НКВД, ru Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел ''Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del'') or People's Commissariat Originally believed to have been committed by the Nazis in 1941 (after the invasion of eastern Poland and the USSR), it was finally admitted by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1990 that it had been a Soviet operation. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician
Invasion of Lithuania, Estonia, and LatviaCrimes against humanity (Deportation and murder of civilian population)Vladimir Dekanozov, Andrey Vyshinsky, Andrei Zhdanov, Ivan Serov, Joseph StalinAn NKVD-committed deportation of hundreds of thousands of Baltic intelligentsia, land holders and their families in June 1941 and again in January 1949. The occupation of the Baltic states refers to the occupation of the Baltic states ( Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) first by the Vladimir Georgievich Dekanozov (Dekanozishvili (Владимир Георгиевич Деканозов (Деканозишвили June 1898 Baku - 23 December 1953 was Andrey Januaryevich Vyshinskiy (Андре́й Януа́рьевич Выши́нский Andrej Januar'evič Vyšinskij) ( Odessa &ndash November 22, 1954 Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov (Андре́й Алекса́ндрович Жда́нов ( Mariupol', &ndash August 31, 1948 General Ivan Aleksandrovich Serov (Иван Александрович Серов August 13, 1905 – July 1, 1990) was the Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The NKVD ( НКВД, ru Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел ''Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del'') or People's Commissariat
Nemmersdorf, East PrussiaWar crimes, Crimes against humanity (Pillaging, and rape and murder of civilians, in contravention of Hague Conventions of 1907 "IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land"[17] Articles: 28,43,46,47,50)No prosecutionsNemmersdorf (today Mayakovskoye in Kaliningrad) was one of the first German settlements to fall to the advancing Red Army on October 22, 1944. Mayakovskoye (Маяко́вское Nemmersdorf Nemirkiemis is a settlement in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located East Prussia (Ostpreußen; Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Prusy Wschodnie Восточная Пруссия or Vostochnaya Prussiya) refers to the main part The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at The Hague, Netherlands in 1899 and Kaliningrad (Калининград is a Seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Exclave between Poland The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It was recaptured by the Germans soon afterwards and the German authorities reported that the Red Army killed civilians there. Nazi propaganda widely disseminated the description of the event with horrible details, supposedly to boost the determination of German soldiers to resist the general Soviet advance. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Because the incident was investigated by the Nazis and reports were disseminated as Nazi propaganda, discerning the facts from the fiction of the incident is difficult.
invasion of East PrussiaWar crimes, Crimes against humanity, Crime of genocide--spec. The evacuation of East Prussia refers to the evacuation of the German civilian population and military personnel in East Prussia and the Klaipėda region ethnic cleansing; in contravention of Hague Conventions of 1907 "IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land"[17]War crimes committed by Soviet troops in the areas of Germany occupied by the Red Army. The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at The Hague, Netherlands in 1899 and Estimated number of civilian victims in the years 1944-46: at least 300. 000 (but not all of them victims of war crimes, many died through starvation, the cold climate and diseases[18][19][20]
TreuenbrietzenCrimes against humanity (Murder of German civilians)Following the capture of the German city of Treuenbrietzen after fierce fighting. Treuenbrietzen is a town in the Bundesland of Brandenburg, Germany. Over a period of several days at the end of April and beginning of May roughly 1000 inhabitants of the city, most of them men, were executed by Soviet troops. [21]
Battle of BerlinCrimes against humanity (Mass rape)[22]
Evacuation of Karafuto and KurilesCrimes against humanity (murder of civilians)
Evacuation of Manchukuo
Expulsion of Germans during World War IIWar crimes, Crimes against humanity, Crime of genocide--spec. For the bombing campaign on Berlin by the RAF from November 1943 to March 1944 see Battle of Berlin (air. The evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuriles refers to the events that took place as the Japanese population left these areas to the north-west of the main islands The Evacuation of Manchukuo occurred during the Soviet Red Army 's invasion of the Japanese Puppet state of Manchukuo as part of ethnic cleansing (mass murder, forced rape, others, during an illegal mass forcement of ethnic Germans from their homes in Prussia, Pomerania, Silesia)War crimes committed by Soviet troops in the areas of Germany occupied by the Red Army. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Estimated number of civilian victims in the years 1944-46: at least 300. 000 (but not all of them victims of war crimes, many died through starvation, the cold climate and diseases[23][24][25]

United Kingdom perpetrated crimes

IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant shippingBreach of London Naval Treaty(1930)no prosecutionsIt was the conclusion of the Nuremberg Trials of Karl Dönitz that Britain had been in breach of the Treaty "in particular of an order of the British Admiralty announced on the 8 May 1940, according to which all vessels should be sunk at sight in the Skagerrak"[26]

United States perpetrated crimes

IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant shippingBreach of London Naval Treaty (1930)no prosecutionsDuring the post war Nuremberg Trials, in evidence presented at the trial of Karl Dönitz on his orders to the U-boat fleet to breach the London Rules, Admiral Chester Nimitz stated that unrestricted submarine warfare was carried on in the Pacific Ocean by the United States from the first day that nation entered the war. Unrestricted submarine warfare is a type of Naval warfare in which Submarines sink merchant ships without warning as opposed to attacks per prize regulations The London Naval Treaty was an agreement between the United Kingdom, the Empire of Japan, France, Italy and the United States, signed The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Karl Dönitz (ˈdøːnɪts) (16 September 1891 &ndash 24 December 1980 was a German naval Commander who served Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Skagerrak Strait runs between Norway and the southwest coast of Sweden and the Jutland peninsula of Denmark, connecting the Unrestricted submarine warfare is a type of Naval warfare in which Submarines sink merchant ships without warning as opposed to attacks per prize regulations The London Naval Treaty was an agreement between the United Kingdom, the Empire of Japan, France, Italy and the United States, signed The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Karl Dönitz (ˈdøːnɪts) (16 September 1891 &ndash 24 December 1980 was a German naval Commander who served U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers Fleet Admiral Chester William Nimitz, USN, GCB ( February 24, 1885 &ndash February 20, 1966) held the dual command The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions [26]
Canicattì massacreCrimes against humanity (Murder of civilians)no prosecutionsDuring the Allied invasion of Sicily, eight civilians, including an eleven year old girl, were killed, though the exact number of casualties is uncertain. The Canicattì slaughter was an incident that occurred in Canicattì, Italy following liberation by American forces The Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky, was a major World War II campaign in which the Allies took Sicily from the Axis [6] The incident was covered up fearing that it would lead to reprisals from the civilian population.
Biscari massacreWar crimes (Murder of POWs)Sergeant Horace T. The Biscari massacre describes two World War II incidents in which US troops were involved in killing unarmed German and Italian prisoners of war at West: court-martialed and was found guilty, stripped of rank and sentenced to life in prison, though he was later released as a private. Captain John T. Compton was court-martialed for killing 40 POWs in his charge. He claimed to be following orders. The investigating officer and the Judge Advocate declared that Compton's actions were unlawful, but he was acquitted. Following the capture of Biscari Airfield in Sicily on July 14, 1943, seventy-six German and Italian POWs were shot by American troops of the 180th Regimental Combat Team, 45th Division during the Allied invasion of Sicily. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. These killings occurred in two separate incidents between July and August 1943.
Dachau massacreWar crimes (Murder of POWs)no prosecutions
Salina, Utah POW massacreWar crimes (Murder of POWs)Private Clarence V. The Dachau massacre took place in the area of Dachau concentration camp, near Dachau, Germany, on April 29, 1945 during World The Salina Utah Prisoners of War massacre occurred in Salina, Utah, the home of some 250 German Prisoners of war (both from Wehrmacht Bertucci determined to be insane and confined to a mental institutionPrivate Clarence V. Bertucci fired a machine gun from one of the guard towers into the tents that were being used to accommodate the German prisoners of war. Nine were killed and 20 were injured.
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and NagasakiCrimes against humanity, War crimes, Use of poisons as weapons (Japan, 1945: A Japanese court stated in a judicial review that the attacks were on undefended cities. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks near the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at )no prosecutionsIn 1963 the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the subject of a judicial review in Ryuichi Shimoda et al. v. The State. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks near the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at Judicial review is the power of the courts to annul the acts of the executive and/or the legislative power where it finds them incompatible with a higher norm On 7 December 1963, in Ryuichi Shimoda et al v The State the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the subject of a Japanese Judicial review [27] The District Court of Tokyo declined to rule on the legality of nuclear weapons in general, but found that "the attacks upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki caused such severe and indiscriminate suffering that they did violate the most basic legal principles governing the conduct of war. "[28] Francisco Gómez points out in an article published in the International Review of the Red Cross that, with respect to the "anti-city" or "blitz" strategy, that "in examining these events in the light of international humanitarian law, it should be borne in mind that during the Second World War there was no agreement, treaty, convention or any other instrument governing the protection of the civilian population or civilian property. The International Review of the Red Cross ( ISSN 1560-7755 is an academic quarterly periodic Journal published by the International Committee of the Red Cross "[29] The United States have stated that they consider the possibility that the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings could be considered war crimes to be "intolerable and unacceptable", and that this is one of the major reasons for their not agreeing to be bound by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (often referred to as the International Criminal Court Statute or the Rome Statute) is the Treaty [30]
Rheinwiesenlager[31]War crimes (Deaths of POWs)no prosecutionsThe Rheinwiesenlager (Rhine meadow camps) were transit camps for millions of German POWs after World War II. List of Rheinwiesenlager listing from north to south with official number A4 Büderich A1 Rheinberg A9 Wickrathberg There were at least thousands of deaths, dying mostly from starvation and exposure. These estimates range from just over 3,000 to as many as 71,000.
American Mutilation of Japanese War Dead[32][33][34]War crimes (Abuse of Remains)Though there are no known prosecutions, the practice was recognized to have been conducted, condemned as atrocities, and explicitly forbidden by order of the Judge Advocate General in 1943-1944. During World War II, some United States military personnel mutilated dead Japanese service personnel in the Pacific theater of operations Many dead Japanese were desecrated and/or mutilated, for example by urinating on them, shooting corpses, or taking Japanese body parts (such as skulls) as souvenirs or trophies. During World War II, some United States military personnel mutilated dead Japanese service personnel in the Pacific theater of operations This is in violation of the 1929 Geneva Convention on the sick and wounded, which provided that: After every engagement, the belligerent who remains in possession of the field shall take measures to search for wounded and the dead and to protect them from robbery and ill treatment. [35]”

Yugoslavian partisans perpetrated crimes

Armed conflictPerpetrator
Yugoslavia campaignYugoslavian partisans
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Foibe massacresWar crimes, Crimes against humanity (Murder of prisoners of war and civilians)no prosecutionsFollowing Italy's 1943 armistice with the Allied powers, Yugoslavian resistance forces executed an estimated 1,300-1,600 Italian troops and ethnic Italians living in Slovenian/Croatian territories adjacent to Italy. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani The Foibe massacres were killings attributed to Yugoslav Partisans during and shortly after World War II in Istria. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between [36]
Bleiburg massacreWar crimes, crimes against humanity (Murder of prisoners of war and civilians)no prosecutionsThe victims were Croatian soldiers and civilians (as well as a number of Chetniks), executed without trial as an act of vengeance for the crimes committed by the pro-Axis Ustaše regime controlled territories during World War II. The Bleiburg massacre is a term encompassing events that took place during May 1945 three and a half months before the formal End of World War II in Europe ( September The Chetnik movement or the Chetniks ( Serbian: Četnici, Cyrillic script: Четници were a Serbian -nationalist/ royalist For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: [37] Estimates vary, from 30,000 to 55,000.

1968-1973: Vietnam War

Armed conflictPerpetrator
Vietnam WarUnited States
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
My Lai MassacreCrimes against humanity (Murder of civilians)Lt. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The My Lai Massacre ( approximately) (thảm sát Mỹ Lai was the Mass murder of 347 to 504 unarmed citizens of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam almost William Calley convicted in 1971 of premeditated murder of 22 civilians for his role in the massacre and sentenced to life in prison. William Laws Calley Jr (born June 8, 1943, in Miami, Florida) is American war criminal U He served 3½ years under house arrest. In March, 1968, a US army platoon led by Lt. William Calley killed (and in some cases raped) hundreds of civilians – primarily women, children, and old men – in the village of My Lai. The My Lai Massacre ( approximately) (thảm sát Mỹ Lai was the Mass murder of 347 to 504 unarmed citizens of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam almost 26 US soldiers, including 14 officers, were charged with crimes related to the My Lai massacre and its coverup. Most of the charges were eventually dropped, and only Lt. Calley was convicted.
Operation Ranch HandCrimes against humanity; Use of poisons as weapons (Use of defoliant weapons with poisonous side effects on civilians)no prosecutions

North Vietnam

North Vietnam:

1971: Bangladesh War

Armed conflictPerpetrator
1971 Bangladesh WarPakistan
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
1971 Bangladesh atrocitiesWar crimes, Crimes against humanity, Crime of genocide (murder of civilians; genocide)Allegedly the Pakistan Government, and the Pakistan Army and its local collaborators. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Bangladesh Liberation War (i ( Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho) was an armed conflict between West Pakistan (later Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Beginning with the start of Operation Searchlight on 25 March 1971 and continuing throughout the Bangladesh War of Independence, there were widespread violations The Pakistan Army ( Urdu:) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders the security of administered A case was filed in the Federal Court of Australia on September 20, 2006 for crimes of Genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [7]During the Bangladesh War of 1971, widespread atrocities were committed against the Bengali population of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), at a level that within Bangladesh, ‘genocide’ is the term that is still used to describe the event in almost every major publication and newspaper. Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang East Pakistan ( Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqi Pakistan) was ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially [38][39] Although the word ‘genocide’ was and is still used frequently amongst observers and scholars of the events that transpired during the 1971 war, the allegations that a genocide took place during the Bangladesh War of 1971 were never investigated by an international tribunal set up under the auspices of the United Nations, so the alleged genocide is not recognised as a genocide under international law.
Civilian CasualtiesCrimes against humanity (murder of civilians)no prosecutionsThe number of civilians that died in the liberation war of Bangladesh is not known in any reliable accuracy. Beginning with the start of Operation Searchlight on 25 March 1971 and continuing throughout the Bangladesh War of Independence, there were widespread violations There has been a great disparity in the casualty figures put forth by Pakistan on one hand (26,000, as reported in the Hamoodur Rahman Commission[40]) and India and Bangladesh on the other hand (From 1972 to 1975 the first post-war prime minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, mentioned that 3 million died on a dozen occasions[41]). Hamood-ur-Rahman commission was an authority of the Pakistan Government that made an official investigation on Bangladesh atrocities during the Bangladesh Liberation This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান ''Shekh Mujibur Rôhman''
Atrocities on women and minoritiesCrimes against humanity; Crime of genocide; Crime of torture (torture, rape and murder of civilians)no prosecutionsThe minorities of Bangladesh, especially the Hindus, were specific targets of the Pakistan army. Beginning with the start of Operation Searchlight on 25 March 1971 and continuing throughout the Bangladesh War of Independence, there were widespread violations A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical [42] Numerous East Pakistani women were tortured, raped and killed during the war. The exact numbers are not known and are a subject of debate. Bangladeshi sources cite a figure of 200,000 women raped, giving birth to thousands of war-babies. Some other sources, for example Susan Brownmiller, refer to an even higher number of over 400,000. Susan Brownmiller (b February 15, 1935) is a radical feminist, journalist and activist Pakistani sources claim the number is much lower, though having not completely denied rape incidents. [43][44][45]
Killing of intellectualsCrimes against humanity (murder of civilians)no prosecutionsDuring the war, the Pakistan Army and its local collaborators carried out a systematic execution of the leading Bengali intellectuals. Beginning with the start of Operation Searchlight on 25 March 1971 and continuing throughout the Bangladesh War of Independence, there were widespread violations A number of university professors from Dhaka University were killed during the first few days of the war. [46][47] However, the most extreme cases of targeted killing of intellectuals took place during the last few days of the war. On December 14, 1971, only two days before surrendering to the Indian military and the Mukhti Bahini forces, the Pakistani army – with the assistance of the Al Badr and Al Shams – systematically executed well over 200 of East Pakistan's intellectuals and scholars. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. [48][49]

Cambodian civil war 1970-1994

Cambodian Civil War. The Cambodian Civil War was a conflict that pitted the forces of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (known as the Khmer Rouge) and their allies the Democratic Republic of Crimes against humanity; Crime of genocide. Khmer Rouge killed many persons due to political affiliation, education, class origin, occupation, and ethnicity. 12

Lao civil war 1960-1975

Lao civil war. Crimes against humanity. Murder of the royal family and people associated with the former government in re-education camps.

1980-1988: Iran-Iraq War

Armed conflictPerpetrator
Iran-Iraq WarIraq
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Iran-Iraq WarCrimes against peace (Waging a war of aggression); War crimes; Use of poisons as weaponsno prosecutionsIn 1980, Iraq invaded neighboring Iran, allegedly to capture Iraqi territory held by Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.
Use of chemical weaponsWar crimes, Use of poisons as weapons (Violation of 1925 Geneva Protocol[8])No prosecutionsIraq made extensive use of chemical weapons, including mustard gas and nerve agents such as tabun. Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy. The sulfur mustards, of which mustard gas ( Bis (2-chloroethyl sulfide is a member are a class of related Cytotoxic, Vesicant Chemical Nerve agents (also being referred to as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature are a class of Phosphorus -containing organic chemicals Effects of overexposure The exact symptoms of overexposure are similar to those created by all Nerve agents Tabun like all nerve agents is toxic even in minute doses Iraqi chemical weapons were responsible for over 100,000 Iranian casualties (including 20,000 deaths). [50]
Attacks on neutral shippingCrime against peace (Attacks against parties not involved in a war)No prosecutionsIraq attacked oil tankers from neutral nations in an attempt to disrupt enemy trade
Halabja poison gas attackDutch court has ruled that the incident involved War Crimes and Genocide; also may involve the Use of poisons as weapons and Crimes against humanity. History The technology of oil transportation has evolved alongside the oil industry The Halabja poison gas attack occurred in the period March 16 – 17, 1988, during the Iran-Iraq War. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group Ali Hassan Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti, officially titled Secretary General of the Northern Bureau of the Ba'ath Party from March 1987 to April 1989, and advisor to Saddam Hussein, was convicted in June 2007 of war crimes and was sentenced to death by an Iraqi court, along with accomplices Sultan Hashem Ahmed and Hussein Rashid Mohammed.
Frans van Anraat war crime. Frans Cornelis Adrianus van Anraat (born August 9, 1942 in Den Helder) is a Dutch businessman who sold raw materials for the production of 		Iraq also used chemical weapons against their own Kurdish population causing casualties estimated between several hundred up to 5,000 deaths[9]. On December 23, 2005 a Dutch court ruled in a case brought against Frans van Anraat for supplying chemicals to Iraq, that "[it] thinks and considers legally and convincingly proven that the Kurdish population meets the requirement under the genocide conventions as an ethnic group. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Frans Cornelis Adrianus van Anraat (born August 9, 1942 in Den Helder) is a Dutch businessman who sold raw materials for the production of The court has no other conclusion that these attacks were committed with the intent to destroy the Kurdish population of Iraq. " and because he supplied the chemicals before 16 March 1988, the date of the Halabja attack, he is guilty of a war crime but not guilty of complicity in genocide. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Halabja ( Kurdish: هه‌ڵه‌بجه or Helepçe) is a Kurdish town in a majority Kurdish area of Iraq about northeast of [51][52]
Armed conflictPerpetrator
Iran-Iraq WarIran
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Attacks on neutral shippingCrime against peace (Attacks against parties not involved in the war)no prosecutionsIran attacked oil tankers from neutral nations in an attempt to disrupt enemy trade. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. History The technology of oil transportation has evolved alongside the oil industry
Laid mines in international watersno prosecutionsMines damaged the US frigate USS Samuel B. Roberts

Uganda 1985-present

Almost 20 years of fighting. . . has killed half a million people. Many of the dead are children. . . The LRA [a cannibalism cult][53] kidnaps children and forces them to join its ranks. In Criminal law, kidnapping is the taking away or Asportation of a person against the person's will usually to hold the person in False imprisonment And so, incredibly, children are not only the main victims of this war, but also its unwilling perpetrators. . . The girls told me they had been given to rebel commanders as "wives" and forced to bear them children. The boys said they had been forced to walk for days knowing they would be killed if they showed any weakness, and in some cases forced even to murder their family members. . . every night up to 10,000 children walk into the centre of Kitgum. Kitgum is a district in northern Uganda with an area of 977363 square kilometres . . because they are not safe in their own beds. . . more than 25,000 children have been kidnapped . . . this year an average of 20 children have been abducted every week.

Sabra and Shatila massacre 1982

See Sabra and Shatila massacre

Yugoslav wars 1991-1999

Croatian War of Independence 1991-1995

Also see List of ICTY indictees for a variety of war criminals and crimes during this era. This page is related to the 1982 events only For the 1985&ndash1987 events see War of the camps.

Armed conflictPerpetrator
Croatian War of IndependenceYugoslav People's Army, Army of Serbian Krajina and paramilitary units. The Croatian War of Independence was a War in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA YPA ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian: Jugoslavenska Narodna Armija or Jugoslovenska
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Borovo Selo killings[54]Crimes against humanity (Murder of 12 and wounding of 20 policemen)Serb paramilitary units commanded by Vojislav Šešelj. The Borovo Selo killings of 2 May 1991 (known in Croatia as the Borovo Selo massacre, Croatian: Pokolj u Borovom Selu and Vojislav Šešelj ( Serbian Cyrillic: Војислав Шешељ ˈvɔjislav ˈʃɛʃɛʎ (b Šešelj is on trial at ICTY. The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 2 May 1991
Ovčara massacre[55]Crimes against humanity, War crimes (Over 264 civilians and wounded POWs executed after Battle of Vukovar)Serb Territorial Defense and paramilitary units. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Vukovar massacre was a war crime that took place between November 18 and November 21 1991 near the city of Vukovar, a mixed Croat The Battle of Vukovar was an 87-day Siege of the Croatian city of Vukovar by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA supported by various Serbian Mile Mrkšić sentenced to 20 years, Veselin Šljivančanin sentenced to 5 years. Mile Mrkšić (Миле Мркшић (born July 20, 1947 near Vrginmost, Yugoslavia - now knwon as Gvozd, in Croatia) Veselin Šljivančanin (Веселин Шљиванчанин (born June 13, 1953 in Pavez the municipality of Žabljak, Montenegro, Miroslav Radić acquitted. 18 November - 21 November 1991; bodies buried in a mass grave
Dalj killings[56]War crimes (Execution of 11 detainees)Territorial Defense of SAO SBWS under Željko Ražnatović. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Dalj killings and Dalj massacre Dalj is a small village in East- Slavonija region in Croatia situated on the Danube river. Željko Ražnatović (ˈʑěʎko raˈʑnâtovitɕ Serbian cyrillic: Жељко Ражнатовић widely known as Arkan (Аркан (April 17 1952 Dalj was also one of the charges on the Slobodan Milošević ICTY indictment. 21 September 1991; bodies buried in a mass grave in the village of Celija
Dalj massacre[57]War crimes (Massacre of 28 detainees)Territorial Defense of SAO SBWS under Željko Ražnatović. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Dalj killings and Dalj massacre Dalj is a small village in East- Slavonija region in Croatia situated on the Danube river. Željko Ražnatović (ˈʑěʎko raˈʑnâtovitɕ Serbian cyrillic: Жељко Ражнатовић widely known as Arkan (Аркан (April 17 1952 Dalj was also one of the charges on the Slobodan Milošević ICTY indictment. 4 October 1991
Lovas massacre[58]War crimes; Crimes against humanity (Massacre of 70-75 detainees, most of whom were civilians. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Lovas massacre (Masakr u Lovasu were the killings of Croat detainees in the villages of Lovas and neighbouring Opatovac in eastern Slavonia, )Yugoslav People's Army, Territorial Defense of SAO SBWS and Dušan Silni paramilitary unit. The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA YPA ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian: Jugoslavenska Narodna Armija or Jugoslovenska Ljuban Devetak and 17 individuals are being tried by Croatian Courts. Lovas was also one of the charges on the Slobodan Milošević ICTY indictment. 10 October 1991
Široka Kula massacre[59]Crimes against humanity (Massacre of 40 civilians. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Široka Kula massacre was a War crime committed by rebel Croatian Serbs forces in the village of Široka Kula during the Croatian )JNA and Krajina Serb Territorial Defense. Široka Kula near Gospić. On October 13, 1991. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
Baćin massacre[59]Crimes against humanity (Massacre of approximately 110 civilians. The Baćin massacre was a War crime committed by rebel Croatian Serbs' forces on October 21, 1991 on a location near village of Baćin )Serb Territorial Defense forces and SAO Krajina militia. Milan Babić and Milan Martić convicted by ICTY. Milan Babić (Милан Бабић February 26, 1956 &ndash March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Milan Martić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић (born 18 November 1954) is a Serbian politician convicted of War crimes The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Baćin was also one of the charges on the Slobodan Milošević ICTY indictment. On 21 October 1991. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
Ethnic cleansing of Lipovaca, Vukovići and Saborsko[60]Crimes against humanity (Massacre of 10 civilians. The ethnic cleansing of Lipovaca Vukovići and Saborsko took place in Croatia during the Croatian War of Independence. )Serb-led JNA and TO forces. Milan Babić and Milan Martić convicted. Milan Babić (Милан Бабић February 26, 1956 &ndash March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Milan Martić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић (born 18 November 1954) is a Serbian politician convicted of War crimes On November 7, 1991. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
Saborsko massacre[59]Crimes against humanity (Massacre of 29 civilians. The Saborsko massacre was a War crime committed by Serb-led JNA and rebel Croatian Serbs' militia "Militia of Republic of Serb Krajina" )Serb-led JNA (special JNA unit from Niš) and rebel Serbs militia. Milan Babić and Milan Martić convicted. Milan Babić (Милан Бабић February 26, 1956 &ndash March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Milan Martić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић (born 18 November 1954) is a Serbian politician convicted of War crimes On November 12, 1991. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
Škabrnja massacre[61]Crimes against humanity, War crimes (Massacre of 86 civilians and POWs. Škabrnja massacre (Masakr u Škabrnji was a War crime, atrocities committed by Serb forces during the Croatian War of Independence. )Serb forces. Milan Babić and Milan Martić convicted. Milan Babić (Милан Бабић February 26, 1956 &ndash March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Milan Martić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић (born 18 November 1954) is a Serbian politician convicted of War crimes On November 18, 1991. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
Siege of Dubrovnik[62]Crimes against humanity (Shelling of civilian targets that killed almost 90 civilians)JNA and Montenegrin territorial forces. Siege of Dubrovnik ( Croatian: Opsada Dubrovnika) is a term marking the battle and siege of the city of Dubrovnik and the surrounding area in Several JNA commanders sentenced. Shelling of UNESCO protected World Heritage site. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex October 1991.
Voćin massacre[63]Crimes against humanity (Massacre of 32 civilians. Voćin massacre was a War crime committed against Croatian civilians in the village of Voćin. )White Eagles paramilitary group under Vojislav Šešelj, indicted by ICTY. For the other Serbian military group named White Eagles, see White Eagles (anticommunist. Vojislav Šešelj ( Serbian Cyrillic: Војислав Шешељ ˈvɔjislav ˈʃɛʃɛʎ (b The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Voćin was also one of the charges on the Slobodan Milošević ICTY indictment. 13 December 1991. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
Bruška massacre[64]Crimes against humanity (Massacre of civilians. The Bruška massacre took place in December 1991 21st in Bruška, a small village near the town of Knin in Croatia, when Serbian paramilitaries )Serb forces. Milan Babić and Milan Martić convicted. Milan Babić (Милан Бабић February 26, 1956 &ndash March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Milan Martić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић (born 18 November 1954) is a Serbian politician convicted of War crimes On December 21, 1991. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
Zagreb rocket attack[65]Crimes against humanity (Shelling of civilian targets in 1995 that killed 7 and wounded at least 175. The Zagreb rocket attack was a series of two Artillery attacks conducted by Serb armed forces that fired ground-to-ground Missiles on the Croatian )RSK Serb forces. Leader Milan Martić bragged on Television about ordering the assault, the videotape being used against him at ICTY, convicted. Milan Martić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић (born 18 November 1954) is a Serbian politician convicted of War crimes The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Rocket attack was started as revenge for Serb military defeat in Operation Flash. Operation Flash (Operacija Bljesak was a brief and successful offensive conducted in the beginning of May 1995 by the Croatian Army, which removed Serb Krajina forces
Ethnic cleansing in Serb Krajina[59]Crime of genocide (Expulsion of almost 78,000 non-Serbs (mostly Croats))JNA and Serb paramilitaries. Ethnic cleansing is a Euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment expulsion or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity The Republic of Serbian Krajina abbreviated RSK (Република Српска Крајина РСК sometimes also translated "Republic of Serb Krajina" Many people, including leaders Milan Babić and Milan Martić, convicted at ICTY and Croatian courts. Milan Babić (Милан Бабић February 26, 1956 &ndash March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the Milan Martić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић (born 18 November 1954) is a Serbian politician convicted of War crimes June-December 1991
Armed conflictPerpetrator
Croatian War of IndependenceCroatian Army and paramilitary units
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Lora prison camp[66]Crime of torture, War crimes (Torture of POWs)Croatian army. The Croatian War of Independence was a War in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 The Croatian Ground Army (Hrvatska kopnena vojska commonly referred to as the Croatian Army ( Hrvatska vojska) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Lora prison camp (aka the Military Investigation Prison Lora) was a Prison camp in Split, Croatia. Several people convicted by Croatian courts. Croatian internment camp for Serb soldiers and civilians between 1992 and 1997
Borovo Selo killings[67]Crimes against humanity (Murder of 20 civilians)Croatian police forces. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Borovo Selo killings of 2 May 1991 (known in Croatia as the Borovo Selo massacre, Croatian: Pokolj u Borovom Selu and No prosecutions2 May 1991; started the ethnic conflict in Baranya, Eastern Slavonia and Western Syrmia
Gospić massacre[68]Crimes against humanity (Massacre of 50-100 civilians)Croatian army. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Gospić massacre took place between 16 October - 18 October 1991 in the town of Gospić, a city in the district of Lika in Commander Mirko Norac and others convicted by Croatian courts. Mirko Norac (born September 19 1967) is a former general of the Croatian Army and is regarded by many Croatians as a national hero 16 - 18 October 1991
Operation Otkos 10[69]Crimes against humanity; Crime of genocide (Killings of numerous individuals and expulsion of thousands of civilians from over 20 villages)Croatian army. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Operation Otkos 10 was a military offensive undertaken by the Croatian army against the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA in Croatia. No prosecutions31 October - 4 November 1991
Miljevci plateau incident[70]War crimes (Killings of 40 militiamen)Croatian army. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Miljevci plateau incident happened on Sunday June 21, 1992, when units of the Croatian army launched a surprise attack on separatist Serb No prosecutions21 June 1992; invasion and permanent occupation of territory under international protection; bodies buried in mass graves nearby
Battle for Maslenica Bridge[71]Crimes against humanity, War crimes (Killings of 490 or 491 individuals, including civilians)Croatian army. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Operation Maslenica was a Croatian Army offensive launched in January 1993 to retake territory in northern Dalmatia and Lika from separatist Krajina No prosecutions22 January - 1 February 1993; invasion of territory under international protection
Mirlovic Polje incident[72]Crimes against humanity (Murder of 7 elderly civilians)Croatian paramilitaries. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) No prosecutions6 September 1993; 5 men and 2 women, four were executed and three burned alive at the stake
Operation Medak PocketCrimes against humanity, War crimes, Crime against peace (Killings of at least 100 civilians; wounding 4 UN peacekeepers[73])Croatian army. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Operation Medak Pocket (Medački džep ( Медачки џеп) was a military operation undertaken by the Croatian Army between September 9 – Commanders Janko Bobetko and Rahim Ademi. Janko Bobetko (1919–2003 was a Croatian army general and the Croatian army's Chief of the General Staff between 1992 and 1995 Rahim Ademi (born January 30, 1954) is a Croatian Army General of Kosovo - Albanian origin Ademi is on trial at ICTY; Bobetko died in the meantime9 September - 17 September 1993; invasion of territory under international protection and assault on UN peacekeeping forces
Operation Flash[74]Crimes against humanity, Crime of genocide (Killings of at least 83 civilians and causing an exodus of 30,000)Croatian army. The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Operation Flash (Operacija Bljesak was a brief and successful offensive conducted in the beginning of May 1995 by the Croatian Army, which removed Serb Krajina forces No prosecutions1 May - 3 May 1995; Western Slavonia fully taken from RSK; 53 were killed in their own homes, while 30 during the Croatian raids of the refugee colons; invasion and permanent occupation of territory under international protection
Operation Storm[75]Crimes against humanity, Crime of genocide (Killings of hundreds, approximately 677, and expulsions of approximately 200,000-250,000 civilians)Croatian army. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Operation Storm ( Croatian: Operacija Oluja, Serbian Cyrillic: Oпeрaциja Oлуja was the Code name given to a large-scale military operation Generals Ante Gotovina, Ivan Čermak and Mladen Markač. Ante Gotovina (born October 12, 1955, Island of Pašman, Croatia) is a former lieutenant general ( general pukovnik) of the Croatian Ivan Čermak (born on December 19, 1949, Municipality of Zagreb, Socialist Republic of Croatia, then Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Mladen Markač (b May 8, 1955) is a former Croatian Military officer in Djurdjevac, in the Republic of Croatia The three are on trial at ICTY4 August - 15 November 1995; considered by ICTY to be a part of a "joint criminal enterprise" by the Croatian state core in an attempt to expel the Croatian Serb population; invasion and permanent occupation of territory under international protection; ended the war in Croatia

Bosnian War 1992-1995

Armed conflictPerpetrator
Bosnian WarArmy of Republika Srpska, Paramilitary units from Serbia, local Serb police and civilians. The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 The Army of the Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске (ВРС Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Srebrenica Massacre[76]Crime of genocide, Crimes against humanity (Murder of over 7,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys) | width = 32% |Army of Republika Srpska. The Srebrenica Massacre, also known as Srebrenica Genocide, was the July 1995 killing of an estimated 8000 Bosniak men and boys in the region of Srebrenica President Radovan Karadžić and General Ratko Mladić charged. Radovan Karadžić (Радован Караџић râdovaːn kâraʤiʨ born in Petnjica, SR Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia) is a former Bosnian Ratko Mladić (Ратко Младић râtkɔ mlǎːditɕ born March 12, 1942, was the Chief of Staff of the Army of Republika Srpska (the Bosnian Following the fall of the eastern Bosnian enclave of Srebrenica the men were separated from the women and executed over a period of several days in July 1995.
Markale massacre[77]Crimes against humanity (Murder of 68 civilians and wounding 144)Army of Republika Srpska. The Markale massacres were two massacres committed by the Army of Republika Srpska on Civilians during the Siege of Sarajevo in the Bosnian No prosecutionsThe victims were civilians who were shopping in an open air market in Sarajevo when Serb forces shelled the market. TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Two separate incidents. February 1994; 68 killed and 144 wounded and August 1995; 37 killed and 90 wounded.
Tuzla massacreCrimes against humanity (Murder of 72 and wounding of more than 200 individuals)Army of Republika Srpska. Tuzla massacre was one of many massacres committed by Serb military forces surrounding Bosnian towns which took place during Bosnian War in the northeastern ARS Officer Novak Đukić on trial. On May 25, 1995 the Serb army shelled the city of Tuzla and killed 72 people with a single shell. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Tuzla is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the time of the 1991 census it had 131000 inhabitants
Korićani Cliffs massacreCrimes against humanity, War crimes (More than 200 men executed. The Korićani Cliffs massacre was a Mass murder of more than 200 Bosniak men by a Serbian Reserve Police unit from the town of )Serbian reserve police. Darko Mrđa was convicted.
Ahatovići massacreCrimes against humanity, Crime of torture (64 men and boys tortured, 56 killed. Ahatovići is a small village in the municipality of Ilidza Sarajevo. )Serb forces. No prosecutions. Rounded up in an attack on a village, they were tortured. Claiming they were going to be exchanged, Serb forces put them on a bus, which they attacked with machineguns and granades on June 14, 1992. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) 8 survived by hiding under bodies of the dead.
Armed conflictPerpetrator
Bosnian WarCroat forces HVO. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 The Croatian Council of Defence (Hrvatsko vijeće obrane HVO) was the main military formation of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian
IncidentType of crimePersons responsible-
AhmićiCrimes against humanity according to ICTY; Murder of 116 civilians in the village of AhmićiCroatian Defence Council No prosecutionsOn April 16, 1993, the Croatian Defence Council attacked the village of Ahmići and killed 116 Bosniaks. Ahmići is a village in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Municipality of Vitez in the Lašva river valley In Public international law, a crime against humanity is an act of Persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people and is the highest level of The Croatian Council of Defence (Hrvatsko vijeće obrane HVO) was the main military formation of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar)
Stupni DoCrimes against humanity according to ICTY; Murder of 37 civilians in the village of Stupni DoCroatian Defence Council. Stupni Do is a village in the municipality of Vareš in central Bosnia and Herzegovina It is located 3 km southeast of the city of Vareš In Public international law, a crime against humanity is an act of Persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people and is the highest level of The Croatian Council of Defence (Hrvatsko vijeće obrane HVO) was the main military formation of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian No prosecutions. On October 23, 1993, the Croatian Defence Council attacked the village of Stupni do and killed 37 Bosniaks. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar)
Armed conflictperpetrator
Bosnian WarHVO and Konjic Territorial Defence (TO)
Incidenttype of crimePersons responsible-
Čelebići prison campCrime of tortureKonjic defence forces. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 The Croatian Council of Defence (Hrvatsko vijeće obrane HVO) was the main military formation of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian Čelebići prison camp was a Konjic defence forces run Prison camp in the municipality of Konjic during the Bosnian War. The commander of the camp Zdravko Mucić and the deputy commander Hazim Delić were sentenced to 9 and 18 years. Hazim Delić (born 1964 was the Deputy Commander of the Čelebići prison camp, a Konjic defence forces run Prison camp.

Kosovo War 1998-1999

Armed conflictPerpetrator
Kosovo WarSerbian Army, Paramilitary units from Serbia, local Serb police. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Land Forces ( Serbian: Копнена Војска - КоВ or Kopnena Vojska - KoV) is the largest and the oldest army branch of Serbia.
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Bela Crkva killingsCrimes against humanity (Murder of 65 civilians. )Yugoslav military and Serbian police forces. No prosecutions25 March 1999
Velika and Mala Kruša massacreCrimes against humanity (Massacre of 105 men and boys. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) )Yugoslav military and Serbian police. No prosecutions25-26 March 1999; the Serbian police burned the bodies
Đakovica incidentCrimes against humanity (Murder of 6 men. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) )Yugoslav military. No prosecutions26 March 1999
Berisha incidentCrimes against humanity (at least 44 civilians killed, 3 injured)Yugoslav military. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) No prosecutions26 March 1999
Padalište killingsCrimes against humanity (Murder of around 20 civilians. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) )Yugoslav military. No prosecutions26 March 1999
Izbica executionsCrimes against humanity (Executions of at least 116 men)Yugoslav military and Serbian police. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) No prosecutions27-28 March 1999
Qerim massacreCrimes against humanity (over 50 people killed)Serbian police. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) No prosecutions1-2 April 1999; 19 of the victims were women and children
Đakovica assaultCrimes against humanity (Murder of up to 300 male civilians. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) )Yugoslav military. No prosecutions27 April 1999
Vučitrn assaultCrime of genocide, Crimes against humanity (Expulsion of approximately 20,000 people, 104 individuals murdered. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) )Yugoslav military. No prosecutions2 May 1999
Dubrava Prison complexCrimes against humanity (Execution of over 50 prisoners. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) )Serbian prison guard. No prosecutions. 22-23 May 1999
Kačanik assaultsCrimes against humanity (over 100 civilians killed)Yugoslav military. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) No prosecutionsMarch-May 1999; a series of different attacks and massacres in the municipality throughout the war
Kosovo WarKLA
Incidenttype of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Llapushnik prison campWar crimes; Crimes against humanity; Crime of torture (inhumane treatment and torture of Serb and Albanian detainees; murder of 11 Albanian prisoners and execution of 21 detainees)KLA prison guard Haradin Bala sentenced to 13 years by the ICTY. Events in March American Red Cross Month Fire Prevention month ( The Philippines) Women's History Month ( United MAY ( also known as: Mei メイ 메이 is a Korean singer well known in South Korea for singing the song "Miracle" Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA ( Albanian: Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës or UÇK) was a Kosovar Albanian guerilla group which sought The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA ( Albanian: Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës or UÇK) was a Kosovar Albanian guerilla group which sought Haradin Bala (born 10 June, 1957, in Glogovac, in Kosovo, Yugoslavia) is an Albanian-Kosovar command in the Kosovo Liberation Fatmir Limaj and Isak Musliu acquitteda 1998 internment camp for Serbs, Roms and Albanians who wouldn't submit to the KLA; 25-26 July 1998 detainees were thrown off the Berisha mountain
Metohija ethnic cleansingCrimes against humanity (persecution of non-Albanians; at least 39 Serb and Roma civilians)ex KLA Commander and Kosovo Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj, commander of the Black Eagles Idriz Balaj and KLA Deputy Commander Lahi Brahimaj at trial in ICTY1997-1998; wide-scale ethnic cleansing of western Kosovo, attacks on refugee camps and removal of Serbs, Roms and opposing Albanians
Kosovo WarNATO
Incidenttype of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Operation Allied Force [78]War crimes (killing over 500 civilians to airbombing)NATO air forces under Wesley Clark. Fatmir Limaj (born in February 4, 1971 in the village of Banja Mališevo municipality Yugoslavia – now Kosovo) is a politician Isak Musliu was charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY with a series of beatings and murders in a Kosovo Liberation Army Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Metohija (Rrafshi i Dukagjinit Serbian: sr-Cyrl Метохија transliterated sr-Latn ''Metohija'' or infrequently sr-Latn ''Metohia'' is a large Ramush Haradinaj ( Serbo-Croatian: Рамуш Харадинај Ramuš Haradinaj) born 3 July 1968 in the village of Glođane near The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 The North Atlantic Treaty The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (code-named Operation Allied Force) was NATO 's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that The North Atlantic Treaty Wesley Kanne Clark, KBE (born December 23 1944 is a retired General of the United States Army. No prosecutions. 24-10 June 1999

1990-2000: Liberia / Sierra Leone

From The Times March 28, 2006 p. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 43:

"Charles Taylor, the former Liberian President who is one of Africas most wanted men, has gone into hiding in Nigeria to avoid extradition to a UN war crimes tribunal. Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (born January 28, 1948) served as President of Liberia from August 2, 1997 to August 11 Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal . . The UN war crimes tribunal in Sierra Leone holds Mr Taylor responsible for about 250,000 deaths. Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. Throughout the 1990s, his armies and supporters, made up of child soldiers orphaned by the conflict wreaked havoc through a swath of West Africa. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. In Sierra Leone he supported the Revolutionary United Front (R. The Revolutionary United Front ( RUF) was a rebel army that fought a failed ten-year insurrection in Sierra Leone, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002 U. F) whose rebel fighters were notorious for hacking off the limbs of civilians.

1990: Invasion of Kuwait

Armed conflictPerpetrator
1990:Invasion of KuwaitIraq
IncidentType of crimePersons responsibleNotes
Invasion of KuwaitCrime against peace ("breach of international peace and security" (UN Security Council Resolution 660))no prosecutions
War crimes, crimes against humanityno prosecutionscountry devastated, resources wantonly destroyed

1998-2006: Second Congo War

See also: Cases before the International Criminal Court#Democratic Republic of Congo

"The army attacks the local population as it passes through, often raping and pillaging like the militias. Oxfam International is a confederation of 13 organizations working with over 3000 partners in more than 100 countries to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice Those who resist are branded Mai-mai supporters and face detention or death. The Mai-mai accuse the villagers of collaborating with the army, they return to the villages at night and extract revenge. Sometimes they march the villagers into the bush to work as human mules. "[79]

2003-present: Darfur conflict, War in Chad (2005–present)

Main article: International_response_to_the_Darfur_conflict#Declarations_of_genocide

July 2006: Israel, War in Lebanon 2006-present

During the 34 day war campaigned by Israel against the Lebanese, Israel was found guilty of dropping phosphorous bombs on Lebanese civilians. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 August 14, 2006 Israel dropped over 1,000,000 cluster bombs onto Lebanese civilian populated areas, this crime was a repeat of Israel's previous use of cluster bombs against the Lebanese civilians in 1978 and in the 1980s. Cluster munitions or cluster bombs are air-dropped or ground-launched munitions that eject a number of smaller submunitions a cluster of bomblets The United States placed restrictions on their use and then a moratorium on the transfer of cluster bombs to Israel out of concern for Lebanese civilian casualties, during that time. Those weapons used more than two decades ago by Israel continue to affect Lebanon. [82] In August 2006, the UN's Mine Action Coordination Center in Tyre, Lebanon raised an alarm over the post-conflict impact on returning civilians of unexploded cluster bombs used by Israel against Lebanese civilian occupied village areas. A Mine Action Coordination Centre is an agency established in a region under the auspices of the United Nations to coordinate the clearing of the Explosive remnants of war Tyre ( Arabic صور Ṣūr, Phoenician Phoenician wawsvg|12px|ו]] Ṣur, Hebrew For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Israel has not provided maps to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and Israel's refusal to cooperate with the U. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, or UNIFIL, was created by the United Nations, with the adoption of Security Council Resolution N has further caused diplomatic tension.

Notes

  1. ^ This list is a work in progress and is not complete
  2. ^ Comment by The Times, November 21 2006 p. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. 17, in relation to Jean-Pierre Bemba of the Congo: "There was nothing funny about his soldiers' actions in Eastern Congo. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo (born 4 November 1962) is a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. . . Among the crimes alleged are mass murder, rape and acts of cannibalism. Yet one senior UN diplomat has indicated privately that for the sake of peace, the investigation [by the International Criminal Court] into Bemba's responsibility may be sidelined. The International Criminal Court ( ICC or ICCt) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for Genocide, crimes against It isn't just in Congo that trade-offs are being made. [. . . ] Skeptics point out that those who have stood trial so far have either been defeated in war or are retired and irrelevant. They insist there would be no chance of hauling powerful political figures in Washington and London before a court to answer for their actions. . . "
  3. ^ Jugement: The Law Relating to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Staff, Tokyo War Crimes Trial, China News Digest International section "III. The verdict"
  5. ^ HyperWar: International Military Tribunal for the Far East [Chapter 8]
  6. ^ Kangzhan.org article on the Rape of Nanking
  7. ^ Xinhuanet.com article on Changjiao Massacre (in Simplified Chinese) 厂窖惨案一天屠杀一万人
  8. ^ People.com article (in Simplied Chinese) 骇人听闻的厂窖惨案
  9. ^ Simon Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning Center
  10. ^ Banka Island Massacre (1942)
  11. ^ ThisIsFolkestone.co.uk
  12. ^ Fall of Ambon Massacred at Laha
  13. ^ Dr Peter Stanley The defence of the 'Malay barrier': Rabaul and Ambon, January 1942 principal historian to Australian War Memorial
  14. ^ Alexandra Massacre. The Australian War Memorial is Australia 's national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated Retrieved on 2005-12-7.
  15. ^ Hal Gold, Unit 731 Testimony, 2003, p. 97
  16. ^ Zhifen Ju, Japan's atrocities of conscripting and abusing north China draftees after the outbreak of the Pacific war, 2002.
  17. ^ a b IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land in the Avalon Project at Yale Law School
  18. ^ Excerpt, Chapter one The Struggle for Europe: The Turbulent History of a Divided Continent 1945-2002 - William I. The Avalon Project is the name of Yale Law School 's Digital library of Documents relating to Law History and Diplomacy Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. Hitchcock - 2003 - ISBN 0-385-49798-9 (No pages cited)
  19. ^ A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-1950 - Alfred-Maurice de Zayas - 1994 - ISBN 0-312-12159-8 (No pages cited)
  20. ^ Barefoot in the Rubble - Elizabeth B. Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (born 31 May 1947 in Cuba) is an American Lawyer, Writer, and Historian. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Walter - 1997 - ISBN 0-9657793-0-0 (No pages cited)
  21. ^ Claus-Dieter Steyer, "Stadt ohne Männer" (City without men) , Der Tagesspiegel online June 21 2006 , viewed November 11 2006 at [1]
  22. ^ Antony Beevor They raped every German female from eight to 80 in The Guardian May 1, 2002
  23. ^ Excerpt, Chapter one The Struggle for Europe: The Turbulent History of a Divided Continent 1945-2002 - William I. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Der Tagesspiegel ("The Daily Mirror" motto "rerum cognoscere causas", or "to know the causes of things" is a Classical liberal Antony James Beevor (born 14 December 1946) is a British Historian, educated at Winchester College and Sandhurst. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Hitchcock - 2003 - ISBN 0-385-49798-9 (No pages cited)
  24. ^ A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-1950 - Alfred-Maurice de Zayas - 1994 - ISBN 0-312-12159-8 (No pages cited)
  25. ^ Barefoot in the Rubble - Elizabeth B. Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (born 31 May 1947 in Cuba) is an American Lawyer, Writer, and Historian. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Walter - 1997 - ISBN 0-9657793-0-0 (No pages cited)
  26. ^ a b Judgement: Doenitz the Avalon Project at the Yale Law School
  27. ^ Shimoda et al. v. The State, Tokyo District Court, 7 December 1963
  28. ^ Falk, Richard A. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Avalon Project is the name of Yale Law School 's Digital library of Documents relating to Law History and Diplomacy Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. . "The Claimants of Hiroshima", The Nation, 1965-02-15. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor   reprinted in (1966) "The Shimoda Case: Challenge and Response", in Richard A. Falk, Saul H. Mendlovitz eds. : The Strategy of World Order. Volume: 1. New York: World Law Fund, pp. 307-13.  
  29. ^ International Review of the Red Cross no 323, p.347-363 The Law of Air Warfare (1998)
  30. ^ John Bolton The Risks and Weaknesses of the International Criminal Court from America's Perspective, (page 4) Law and Contemporary Problems January 2001, while US ambassador to the United Nations
  31. ^ U.S. (and French) abuse of German PoWs, 1945-1948
  32. '^ Xavier Guillaume, "A Heterology of American GIs during World War II". H-US-Japan (July, 2003). Access date: January 4, 2008.
  33. ^ James J. Weingartner “Trophies of War: U. S. Troops and the Mutilation of Japanese War Dead, 1941 – 1945” Pacific Historical Review (1992)
  34. ^ Simon Harrison “Skull Trophies of the Pacific War: transgressive objects of remembrance” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N. S) 12, 817-836 (2006)
  35. ^ James J. Weingartner “Trophies of War: U. S. Troops and the Mutilation of Japanese War Dead, 1941 – 1945” Pacific Historical Review (1992) p. 59
  36. ^ see the article Foibe massacres, (lots of references but no citations)
  37. ^ Words from the article Bleiburg massacre, (lots of references no citations)
  38. ^ Editorial The Jamaat Talks Backin The Bangladesh Observer December 30, 2005
  39. ^ Dr. The Foibe massacres were killings attributed to Yugoslav Partisans during and shortly after World War II in Istria. The Bleiburg massacre is a term encompassing events that took place during May 1945 three and a half months before the formal End of World War II in Europe ( September N. Rabbee Remembering a Martyr Star weekend Magazine, The [[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|]] December 16, 2005
  40. ^ Hamoodur Rahman Commission, Chapter 2, Paragraph 33
  41. ^ F. Hossain Genocide 1971 Correspondence with the Guinness Book of Records on the number of dead
  42. ^ U. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U S. Consulate (Dacca) Cable, Sitrep: Army Terror Campaign Continues in Dacca; Evidence Military Faces Some Difficulties Elsewhere, March 31, 1971, Confidential, 3 pp
  43. ^ Debasish Roy Chowdhury 'Indians are bastards anyway' in Asia Times June 23, 2005 "In Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape, Susan Brownmiller likens it to the Japanese rapes in Nanjing and German rapes in Russia during World War II. Asia Times was a Newspaper launched in Thailand by Thai tycoon Sondhi Limthongkul in 1995 Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ". . .  200,000, 300,000 or possibly 400,000 women (three sets of statistics have been variously quoted) were raped. ""
  44. ^ Brownmiller, Susan, "Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape" ISBN 0-449-90820-8, page 81
  45. ^ Hamoodur Rahman Commission, Chapter 2, Paragraphs 32,34
  46. ^ Blood, Archer, Transcript of Selective Genocide Telex, Department of State, United States
  47. ^ Ajoy Roy, "Homage to my martyr colleagues", 2002
  48. ^ Shahiduzzaman No count of the nation’s intellectual loss The New Age, December 15, 2005
  49. ^ Killing of Intellectuals Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
  50. ^ Link to article by the Star-Ledger
  51. ^ Dutch court says gassing of Iraqi Kurds was 'genocide' by Anne Penketh and Robert Verkaik in The Independent December 24, 2005
  52. ^ Dutch man sentenced for role in gassing death of Kurds CBC December 23, 2005
  53. ^ The LRA is described by sources such as The Times as a "cannibalistic cult that has slaughtered whole villages and left its victims without hands, feet or faces". The Star-Ledger is a Newspaper in the US state of New Jersey and is based in Newark. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. [2]
  54. ^ ICTY, Prosecutor against Vojislav Šešelj, 15 January 2003
  55. ^ Two jailed over Croatia massacre, BBC News, 27 September 2007, accessed 28 September 2007
  56. ^ (Croatian) Državno odvjetništvo RH Priopćenje povodom obilježavanja 16. obljetnice pogibije 39 branitelja u Dalju
  57. ^ (Croatian) Državno odvjetništvo RH Priopćenje povodom obilježavanja 16. obljetnice pogibije 39 branitelja u Dalju
  58. ^ (Croatian) Link leading to a downloadable booklet "Krvava Istina o Lovasu" ("Bloody Truth on Lovas")
  59. ^ a b c d http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2007/pr1162e.htm Summary of judgement: Milan Martić sentenced to 35 years for crimes against humanity and war crimes
  60. ^ ICTY, case Milan Martić, summary of judgement
  61. ^ Summary of judgement: the case of Milan Martić
  62. ^ The battle of Dubrovnik, Final report of the United Nations Commission of Experts
  63. ^ Šešelj Indictment
  64. ^ ICTY, case Milan Martić, summary of judgement
  65. ^ Prosecutors Seek Life Sentence for War Crimes Suspect Martic. Voice of America (2007-01-10). Voice of America ( VOA) is the official external radio and Television broadcasting service of the United States federal government. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Retrieved on 2007-06-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.
  66. ^ References in the article
  67. ^ http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/comexpert/ANX/IV.htm
  68. ^ References in the article
  69. ^ http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/comexpert/ANX/IV.htm
  70. ^ References in the article
  71. ^ References in the article
  72. ^ CROATIA HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1993
  73. ^ References in the article
  74. ^ References in the article
  75. ^ References in the article
  76. ^ Federal Commission for Missing Persons; "Preliminary List of Missing and Killed in Srebrenica"; 2005 [3]PDF (522 KiB). A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International The list is discussed here and the identification process here
  77. ^ Fish, Jim. (February 5, 2004). Sarajevo massacre remembered. BBC.
  78. ^ Civilian Deaths in the NATO Air Campaign - The Crisis in Kosovo
  79. ^ The Times World News, April 3 2006, p. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. 29)
  80. ^ DR Congo pygmies 'exterminated'
  81. ^ DR Congo Pygmies appeal to UN
  82. ^ http://yalibnan.com/tag/Cluster%20Bombs

See also

External links

Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, is the doctrine of hierarchical accountability in cases of A crime against peace, in International law, refers to "planning preparation initiation or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international In Public international law, a crime against humanity is an act of Persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people and is the highest level of Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group The law of war (also law of armed conflict, LOAC) is Law concerning acceptable practices relating to war This is a list of formally charged and convicted War criminals as according to the conduct and Rules of warfare as defined by the Nuremberg Trials This article deals with mass killings that are not considered Genocide. Allied war crimes were violations of the Laws of war committed by the Allies of World War II against civilian populations or military personnel of the Axis Soviet war crimes gives a short overview about serious crimes committed by the Red Army 's (1918-1946 later Soviet Army) leadership and an unknown number of single The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after Germany committed War crimes in both World War I and World War II. War crimes of the Wehrmacht are those carried out by traditional German armed forces during World War II. Einsatzgruppen ( German: "task forces" "intervention groups" were Paramilitary groups formed by Heinrich Himmler and War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied This is a list of events named "massacre". The term suggests Mass murder and its usage may be controversial Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG as "any of
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