Citizendia

There are many alternative ways to describe the people of Germany, though the official designated nationality as well as the standard noun is German. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. (see also demonym). A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place In practice, Germans are often referred to differently. Historically "German" has had some very different meanings. During the early renaissance "German" merely implied that the person spoke German as a native language. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Until the time of the German unification most "Germans" were called after the region they lived in, examples include Frisians, Bavarians, Brandenburgers and Hanoverians. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. Some other terms are humorous or derogatory slang, and used mainly by people from other countries, although they can be used in a self-deprecating way by German people themselves. Humour or humor (see spelling differences) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke Laughter and provide Amusement Slang is the use of highly informal Words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's Dialect or Language. Other terms are serious or tongue-in-cheek attempts to coin words as alternatives to the potentially ambiguous standard terms. A neologism (from Greek neo = "new" + logos = "word" is a word that although devised relatively recently in a specific time period has been

Contents

English

Dutch (obsolete)

See also Deitsch and Dietsch. The Pennsylvania Dutch (perhaps more strictly Pennsylvania Deitsch, Pennsylvania Germans or Pennsylvania Deutsch) are the descendants of German Dietsch ( "Diets" in modern Dutch) is a colloquial word for the Middle Dutch language.

The English word Dutch has also changed with time. It was only around 1550, with growing cultural and economical contacts and the rise of an independent country, that the modern meaning arose, i. e. , 'designating the people of the Netherlands or their language'. The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Prior to this, the meaning was more general and could refer to any Germanic-speaking area or the languages there (including Germany). Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For example:

Almain (obsolete/poetical)

Almain is a historical term for Germans (often specifically the ones living in the South of Germany) it is a borrowing from French (compare "Allemagne" Germany) and ultimately comes from the Latin name for the Germanic tribe of the Alamanni. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany It was used alongside "Dutch" but unlike Dutch had a more limited meaning. It gradually fell out of use when "German" was introduced but remained a poetical term (like Teuton) for quite a while.

Boche (offensive)

Boche entered the English language in 1914, from the French slang. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States In French it meant something close to "rascal," and was applied by French soldiers to Germans in World War I. [1] Its origins can be traced to the French word "Allemand" meaning "German" in eastern French dialects, close to the German border the variant was "Al(le)moche", altered contemptuously to Alboche by association with "caboche", a slang word for "head," which literally meant "cabbage" (compare. "tête de boche", French for "German" in an 1887 French slang dictionary). A dictionary is a book of alphabetically listed Words in a specific language with definitions etymologies pronunciations and other information or a book of alphabetically [2]

Fritz/Hun/Heinie (inoffensive)

British soldiers employed a variety of epithets for the Germans. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located "Fritz" was popular early in the war[3] , with "Jerry" favoured later. According to Brophy, "Hun," a journalistic creation, was used almost exclusively by officers, as was the borrowed French "Boche. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy " The Americans and Canadians referred to Germans, especially German soldiers as "Heinies", from the pet form of the common German male proper name Heinrich. Population of Canada: 31612895 (2006 Census Provinces and territories Metropolitan areas Cities A name ( Etymology: from OE nama akin to OHG namo, Latin Nomen, and Greek όνομα ( [4] Heinies is actually a common German slang word similar to guys, but usually with a slight degratory meaning similar to morons or idiots, but it could be of different origin.

Jerry (inoffensive)

Jerry was a nickname given to World War II German soldiers, the German armed forces, or collectively the entirety of Nazi Germany. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Although the nickname was originally created during World War I [1], it didn't find common use until World War II. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All [5]

Jerry has analogues from different eras in Tommy (British), Charlie (Vietnam), and Ivan (Russians). Tommy Atkins (often just Tommy) is a term for a common soldier in the British Army that was already well established in the nineteenth century but is particularly

The name is likely an alteration of the word German. Others have claimed that the World War I German helmet, shaped like a chamber pot or jeroboam was the initial impetus for creation, although this is almost certainly revisionist history. A chamber pot (also a john a chamberpot, a thunder pot, a jordan, a po (from French "pot de chambre") or simply a Jeroboam (yarobh`am Hieroboam in the Septuagint; commonly held to have been derived from riyb and `am and signifying "the people contend" or "he pleads the For the critical reexamination of historical facts see Historical revisionism. One ongoing use of 'jerry' is found in the term jerrycan. A jerrycan or jerrican or jerry can is a robust Fuel container made from pressed Steel.

Kraut (offensive)

In former times, Kraut was used as a colloquial expression for tobacco, especially loose tobacco for pipes. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. A pipe is a tool used for Smoking. The designs of pipes vary considerably but for the most part they are reusable and consist of a chamber or bowl in which the substance to Today it is sometimes used for marijuana[6]. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a

Since World War II, Kraut has, in the American English language, come to be used as a derogatory term for a German. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including This is probably based on sauerkraut, which was very popular in German cuisine at that time. Sauerkraut ( English:, German:, Yiddish: ˈzɔi̯əʀˌkʀɔi̯t is finely shredded Cabbage that has been fermented by various German cuisine varies greatly from region to region The southern regions of Bavaria and Swabia share many dishes among them and with their neighbours to the south The stereotype of the sauerkraut-eating German dates back to long before this time, though, as can for example be seen in Jules Verne's depiction of the evil German industrialist Schultze as an avid sauerkraut eater in "The Begum's Millions. Jules Gabriel Verne ( February 8 1828 &ndash March 24 1905) was a French Author who pioneered the science-fiction The Begum's Fortune (Les Cinq cents millions de la Bégum also published as The Begum's Millions, is an 1879 novel by Jules Verne "

One possible explanation of the origin of this term is this: Raw sauerkraut is an excellent source of vitamin C. Sauerkraut ( English:, German:, Yiddish: ˈzɔi̯əʀˌkʀɔi̯t is finely shredded Cabbage that has been fermented by various Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian Captain James Cook always took a store of sauerkraut on his sea voyages, since experience had taught him that it was an effective remedy against scurvy. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and Scurvy (NLat scorbutus is a disease resulting from a deficiency of Vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of Collagen in humans Later, on British ships, sauerkraut was mostly replaced by lime juice (for the same purpose). Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow But German sailors continued with the use of kraut, calling their British colleagues "limies" and being similarly called "krauts. "


Teuton (poetic)

In a more poetical sense Germans can be referred to as "Teutons". The usage of the word in this term has been observed in English since 1833. The word originated via an ancient Germanic tribe, the Teutons. The Teutons or Teutones (from Proto-Germanic * Þeudanōz) were mentioned as a Germanic tribe by Greek and Roman authors [7] - see also teutonic and the Teutonic Order. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order.

Other countries

Austria

Piefke (offensive)

The Austrian ethnophaulism for a German is Piefke. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Terms of disparagement are Pejorative Words and Phrases which are either intended to be or are often regarded as insulting impolite or unkind Like its Bavarian counterpart Saupreiß (literally: sow-Prussian) the term Piefke historically characterized the people of Prussia only. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Its exact origin is unclear, but it was meant to be derogatory most notably because of the term’s Polish roots: Referring to every Prussian as Piefke, which is a typical example of a Germanized Polish family name (Piwka),[8] suggested that all Prussians were merely Germanized Poles. Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is either the spread of the German language, people and culture either by force or Assimilation The term increased in usage during the 19th century because of the popularity of the Prussian composer Johann Gottfried Piefke. Johann Gottfried Piefke (pronounced "peefke" ( September 9, 1817 &ndash January 25, 1884) was a German conductor Since Prussia and its eastern territories ceased to exist, the term now refers to the cliché of a pompous (Protestant northern) German in general and a Berliner in particular. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. However, the citizens of the free Hanseatic cities and the former northern duchies of Oldenburg, Braunschweig and Mecklenburg are quite offended by the terms Piefke and Saupreiß (offense for every German who is not native Bavarian), since they take some pride in having staunchly resisted Prussian expansionism as independent (federal) states and have no Prussian history at all. In 1990, Austrian playwright Felix Mitterer wrote and co-directed a TV mini-series, Die Piefke-Saga, about Germans on holiday in Tyrol. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East

Bavaria (Southern Germany)

Saupreiß (offensive)

While commonly put on a level with Piefke (thus thought of as being used for every German who is not native Bavarian), Saupreiß actually only refers to people born north of the river Main, and therefore especially not to people from Swabia (western neighbour of Bavaria) or further south (Austria, Switzerland, Bolzano-Bozen (Italy)). Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Province of Bolzano-Bozen (Provincia autonoma di Bolzano Autonome Provinz Bozen Ladin: Provinzia Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In this context, the river Main, as border between Saupreißen and Bavaria, is referred to as Weißwurstäquator (Bavarian-German spelling: Weißwurschtäquator; Weißwurst is a Bavarian, white veal sausage, literally: white sausage equator). Saupreiß literally means 'sow-Prussian', but the term is frequently used as an actually endearing nickname to Germans not from the southern region.

Croatia

Švabe (friendly)

from Swabian—see Danube Swabians for more. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Danube Swabians (Donauschwaben Dunai svábok or Dunamenti németek Şvabi or Şvabi Dunăreni Дунавске Швабе Dunavske Švabe, Podunavski The word also applies to, and is often adopted as a nickname by Croatian Gastarbeiters. (native pronunciation /ˈɡastˌʔaːbaɪtɐ/ is German for "guest worker" (or "guest workers" - the plural is the same as the singular

Czech Republic

Němec (official term)

From the Slavic etymology, meaning "mute". The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia,

Skopčák (colloquialism)

Originally meaning "the one who came from the hills". In medieval times, German inhabitants in Czech-German borderlands often lived in hilly, mountainous areas, and when they came to lowland Czech towns to buy and sell their wares, they were addressed as "those who came down from hills". "From hills" is "s kopců" in Czech, thus "skopčáci" (plural). When English language books and movies concerning World War II are translated to Czech, "Skopčák" is often used to translate "Jerry" or "Kraut".

France

Boches (offensive, historical, associated with Nazis)

Apheresis of the word Alboche, from Allemoche, slang for Allemand (German) since the end of the 19th century. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Used mainly during the First and Second World Wars, directed mainly at the invading German soldiers. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Fritz (offensive, historical)

From the German Christian name, used since World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Frisés and Fridolins are variations of Fritz.

Doryphores (offensive, historical)

Doryphore means Colorado potato beetle in French. The Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata, also known as the Colorado beetle, ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle This term was used during WW2, but is less common than Boche, Fritz or Friosés. . . . It refers to the fact that the Germans during the Occupation took large part of the production of France's agriculture and industry.

Chleuh (slightly offensive)

From the name of the Chleuh, a North African ethnicity - a term with racial connotations. The Chleuh people (or Shleuh: the 'ch' is the French equivalent of the English 'sh' native name 'ašəlḥi' pl It also denotes the absence of words beginning in Schl- in French. It was used mainly in World War II but is also used now in a less offensive way like in the film Taxi. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Taxi is a 1998 French Film starring Samy Naceri, written by Luc Besson, and directed by Gérard Pirès.

Teutons

Relative to the Teutons and is still used occasionally in a non-official way, to designate Germans. The Teutons or Teutones (from Proto-Germanic * Þeudanōz) were mentioned as a Germanic tribe by Greek and Roman authors

Finland

Fritz, Fritsi (colloquialism)

From the first name Friedrich. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. This name is considered as colloquial, not very polite, but not offensive either

Hunni (derogatory)

Literally Hun. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy Extremely derogatory, containing allusions to Lapland War and sack of Lapland. The Lapland War (Finnish Lapin sota) were the hostilities between Finland and Nazi Germany between September 1944 and April 1945 fought in the Finland's The Province of Lapland ( Lappi in Finnish and Sami Lappland in Swedish is one of the Provinces of Finland.

Niksmanni (offensive)

From German language negative word nichts/nix (nothing) and -manni for "man". The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.

Saku, Saksmanni, Sakemanni (inoffensive)

From the Finnish word Saksa, meaning Germany (originally Saxony). Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. Saku Is a Finnish male name; Saksmanni is a combination of "Saksa + -manni, referring to "man".

Italy

Crucco (offensive)

The common (especially Northern) Italian ethnopaulism for a German is crucco, which roughly translates as pighead. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Etymologically, the term most likely derives from the Croatian word kruh, which means bread, because Austria-Hungary sent people of Croatian descent to garrison its Italian dominions. In World War II Italian soldiers originally referred to the Yugoslavian combatants as crucchi and the North-Eastern war zone was dubbed terra crucca. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian In the course of the war the term underwent a shift of meaning: During the German invasion the Italian partisans called the German soldiers crucchi. The Italian Resistance movement was a partisan force during World War II. Today it’s a disrespectful way to address people from all German speaking regions in general (cruccolandia), even the German-speaking population of the the province of Bolzano-Bozen, who are themselves Italian citizens. The Province of Bolzano-Bozen (Provincia autonoma di Bolzano Autonome Provinz Bozen Ladin: Provinzia

Mangiapatate (offensive)

Translated as potato eaters, this slightly offensive term refers to the alleged German habit of eating potatoes at every meal. It is not in current usage with ordinary people but is sometimes used in dubbed feature films as a translation for "Krauts".

Kartoffen

It refers to their, supposed, eating habit/cuisine. It comes from the German word for potatoes (Kartoffeln).

Teutonici

Every so often used in the emphatic slang of the football commentaries: la squadra teutonica (as the German team), i giocatori teutonici or i teutonici (as the German players). Although not exactly derogatory (many nations are jocularly identified in Italy with their ancestors), it conveys some unwelcome associations because as an adjective, "teutonico" defines rigid, pernickety, inflexible attitudes.

Teutoni

Only used in old-fashioned poetic language.

Luxembourg

Preiss (offensive)

Derived from the local name for Prussian. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Used to describe any German since the establishment of a Prussian Garrison in Fortress Luxembourg in 1815. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Still commonly used today but most popular with World War II survivors.

Macedonia

Švaba (offensive)

Švaba (Macedonian: Шваба) (plural Švabi; Macedonian: Шваби), from Swabian. The Republic of Macedonia (Република Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic

Netherlands/Belgium

Mof (offensive)

In Dutch the most common term for Germans, after the regular/official one, is "mof". The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as It is regarded as a derogative term, used exclusively for Germans and reflected Dutch resentment of the German occupation, and the German actions that happened during it, of the Netherlands during the Second World War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [9] The use of the word has been gradually fading since the late 1990s. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999

In the late 16th century the area now known as East Frisia and Emsland and the people that lived there were referred to as ""Muffe". East Frisia or Eastern Friesland ( Low Saxon: Oostfreesland, German Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the Landkreis Emsland is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany named after the river Ems. At the time that the Netherlands were by far the richest country in the whole of Europe, and these people were looked down upon greatly by the Dutch. This article focuses on social and cultural history For political events see History of the Netherlands and Dutch Revolt (1568–1648 The area of Western Lower Saxony was at that time very poor and a good source for many Dutch people looking for cheap labour. Lower Saxony ( German: Niedersachsen ch is pronounced before an s --> lies in north-western Germany and is second The inhabitants of this region were known to be rather reserved and were often described as "grumpy", "rude" and "unsophisticated" by the Dutch. Later the term was used to describe the whole of Germany, which, at the time, wasn't much better of economically than Western Lower Saxony, mainly due to the various wars waged on its territory by foreign powers. An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area The term seemed to have died out around 1900 but returned following the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1940. The Battle of the Netherlands (Slag om Nederland was part of Case Yellow (Fall Gelb the German invasion of the Low Countries ( Belgium [10].

A popular humorous (but false) etymology of the word "mof" by the Dutch is that it is actually a German abbrevation meaning "Menschen ohne Freunde" ("people without friends"). The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.

Oosterbuur (friendly)

In the Dutch language the word "Oosterbuur" (Eastern neighbour) nearly always refers to the German people or Germany itself as Germany and the Germans are located to the East of the Netherlands and Belgium. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Similarly, the Flemish refer to the Dutch as "Noorderburen" (Northern Neighbours) and the Dutch use "Zuiderburen" (Southern neighbours) for the Belgians. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those

Poland

Szwab (offensive)

Szwab (plural szwaby; literally Swabian), is derogatory when referring to any Germans instead of just the inhabitants of Swabia. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic The origin of this usage remains unclear, as Swabia and Poland are relatively far apart.

Helmut (offensive)

Helmut (plural Helmuty) from formerly popular German name Helmut. German names consist of one or several Vornamen ( Forenames and a Nachname ( Familienname, Family name)

Szkop (offensive)

Another, similarly derogative term is szkop (original, now obsolete meaning: "castrate ram"); during World War II, it was first used for German soldiers and later for any German. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Fritz (offensive)

The name "Fritz" (short for Friedrich/Frederick), widely considered as typically German, is sometimes used as a noun for Germans, then often spelled fryc.

Portugal

Boche (offensive)

In Portugal, the term Boche, a word derived from French, is popular as a slang term to refer to Germans, nearly always in a derogatory way. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

Romania

Neamţ (colloquialism)

The formal term is German (plural germani). Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The traditional term, still widely used in common language, is neamţ (plural nemţi). The root of the term is originally Slavic, meaning "mute", because of the incomprehensibleness between the languages. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The original meaning was not passed into Romanian, and the word is generally not used in a derogatory sense, although its colloquialism in contrast to the formal alternatives for "German" (German, pl. germani) and, rarely, "Austrian" (austriac, pl. austrieci) was used in certain offensive or polemic contexts. It appears in placenames like Piatra Neamţ ("The German rock"). Piatra Neamţ (pronunciation in Romanian: /'pjatra 'něamʦ/ (population over 110000 is the capital city of Neamţ County, in the historical region of Moldavia

Saşi/şvabi (friendly)

Other names for existed for specific German minorities, usually in relation with their place of origin. Transylvanian Saxons (immigrated starting from the XII century), were called "saşi". Germans in Banat were called "şvabi", in reference to Schwaben, even though only few of the immigrants came from there. The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries the eastern part lies in Romania (the counties Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic

Russia

The term used in official contexts (and widely used elsewhere) is nemets (single, Russian: немец) or nemtsy (plural, Russian: немцы). Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The roots of the term in Slavic etymology, meaning "mute". The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The term initially was used to designate any non-Russian-speaking person (foreigner), but now it is reserved for Germans only. A derisive inflection of nemets, nemchura ("немчура") is also in use. In Grammar, inflection or inflexion is the way language handles grammatical relations and relational categories such as tense, mood, voice In general, Russian language abounds in suffixes that may bear derisive connotation, so one may also see such forms as "nemchishka", "nemchik", "nemchatina". In Grammar, a suffix (also postfix, ending) is an Affix which is placed at the end of a word In late 1980's early 1990's the term bundes was also popular (from Bundesrepublik Deutschland).

Frits/Hans (historical, a little unfriendly)

Since World War II the names "Fritz" and "Hans" (frits, Hans) have been widely used for "German". World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

After World War Two, settlements and camps sprang up around British garrisons in the former West Germany, and the colloquial term of "Boxhead" became common amongst British troops and their families. This term has its origins in 'square-heads' as a reference to the square-shaped helmets used by the Germans in the first and second World Wars.

Recently the term 'Eric' has become popular amongst British troops, apparently originating in an episode of the British TV comedy "Auf Wiedersehen Pet", in which the name 'Eric' was used instead of 'Jerry' in an attempt to confuse the Germans. After the Falklands conflict in the 1980s, British troops on those islands called the natives 'Bennies', partly due to habit of the islanders of wearing a small round knitted hat known in the UK as a 'Benny', itself deriving from a now defunct TV soap called 'Crossroads'.

Germanets (colloquialism)

In the meaning of "citizen of Germany" the word "Germanets" is also in colloquial use, together with a vulgarism German (pronounced with the last syllable accented: "germAn"). A colloquialism is an expression not used in formal speech, writing or Paralinguistics. " Vulgarism " (also called scurrility) derives from Latin vulgun, the "mean folk" and has carried into English its original

Serbia

Švabe (colloquial)

means Swabians. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country A number of Swabians were re-settled in the Banat, then part of Austria-Hungary, by Maria Theresa to offset the Serb population predominance in the region. The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries the eastern part lies in Romania (the counties

Sasi (historic; almost obsolete)

Saxons were the miners in Mediaeval Serbia. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The term was occasionally used by the press for ethnic German engineers working in Majdanpek mines in mid-19th century. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Majdanpek ( Serbian Cyrillic: Мајданпек Romanian: Maidan is a town and municipality in Bor District of Serbia. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar

Slovenia

Nemci

Official term. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Derived as in other slavic languages from nem meaning mute.

Švabi (offensive)

Mildly offensive, litterally meaning the Swabians.

Nemškutarji (offensive)

A term reserved for the Germans that have Slovene ancestry and have been Germanized, now usually in connection with the population of the Austrian parts of Carinthia and southern Styria. During WW2 the use was broader to include all collaborators of Nazi Germany in Slovenian lands.


Spain

In Spain the official term for Germans is alemanes, originating from a Germanic tribe, the Alamanni. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany

In colloquial use, Germans are often called kartoffen, from the German word for potatoes (Kartoffeln) and refers to their, supposed, eating habit/cuisine. A colloquialism is an expression not used in formal speech, writing or Paralinguistics. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae Also boches (from French) or cabezas cuadradas ("square heads", after the alleged German inclination for fixed rules instead of improvisation).

Germanos is mostly referred to the ancient tribes found by the Romans. Teutones, also the name of a Germanic tribe, is sometimes used as a literary synonym.

In Early Modern Spanish (for example in Don Quixote), tudescos (cognate with Deutsch and the Italian tedeschi) was used sometimes as a general name for Germans[11] and sometimes restricted to Lower Saxony[12][13]. es '''''Don Quixote''''' (, see spelling and pronunciation below fully titled es '''''El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha''''' ("The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Lower Saxony ( German: Niedersachsen ch is pronounced before an s --> lies in north-western Germany and is second

Non-Germans living in Germany

The term Kartoffel, meaning potato in German, is an offensive term commonly used by many foreigners (especially Turks and Russians) living in Germany.

See also

References

  1. ^ Eich, Hermann (1963). This list of ethnic slurs by ethnicity compiles ethnic slurs that are or have been used in the English language. Anti-German sentiment (or Germanophobia) is defined as a fear or hatred of Germany, its people, and the German language. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Vandalism is the behaviour attributed to the Vandals in respect of Culture: ruthless Destruction or spoiling of anything beautiful or Venerable "Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person either in a general reference to a member of a nation or Ethnos perceived White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, commonly abbreviated to the Acronym WASP, is a sociological and cultural Ethnonym Die unheimlichen Deutschen. Econ-Verlag, 49.  
  2. ^ etymonline, origin of "boche"
  3. ^ Allen, Irving (1983). The Language of Ethnic Conflict: Social Organization and Lexical Culture. Columbia University Press, 57. ISBN 0231055579.  
  4. ^ etymonline, origin of "heinie"
  5. ^ etymonline, origin of "jerry"
  6. ^ etymonline, origin of "kraut"
  7. ^ etymonline, origin of "teuton"
  8. ^ Anton Karl Mally: "Piefke". Nachträge. In: Muttersprache. Zeitschrift zur Pflege und Erforschung der deutschen Sprache [Wiesbaden], Vol. 94, 1983/84, number 3-4, pp. 313-327.
  9. ^ Prisma Etymologisch woordenboek, ISBN10: 9027491992. "Mof heeft historisch gezien niet de huidige betekenis (die van een verwijzing naar de Duitsers en hun acties tijdens de Tweede wereldoorlog) maar . . . "
  10. ^ Why Germans are called "moffen" (Dutch)
  11. ^ Don Quixote, Second Part, chapter LIV, Miguel de Cervantes: Sancho Panza meets some pilgrims (alemán o tudesco) from Augsburg. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname es '''''Don Quixote''''' (, see spelling and pronunciation below fully titled es '''''El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha''''' ("The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( in modern Spanish; September 29, 1547 &ndash April 22, 1616) was a Spanish Novelist Sancho Panza is a Fictional character in the novel Don Quixote written by Spanish author Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra in Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria.
  12. ^ tudesco in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española. The Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española or DRAE is the most authoritative Dictionary of the Spanish language.
  13. ^ Don Quixote, Second part, chapter V: ¿Cuántos son los alemanes, tudescos, franceses, españoles, italianos y esguízaros? "How many are the Almains, Dutch, Frenchmen, Spaniards, Italians and Swiss?"
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