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While the term "Pope" (Latin: papa "father'") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (e. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. g. Coptic Pope), this title in English usage can by itself refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The Pope of The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, or Pope of Alexandria for short is the head of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The title itself has been used officially by the head of the Catholic Church since the tenure of Pope Siricius, although it has been first used by the Copts centuries earlier. Pope A Copt ( Coptic: ouRemenkīmi enEkhristianos, literally Egyptian Christian) is a native Egyptian Christian.

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. Hermann of Reichenau (also called Hermannus Contractus or Hermannus Augiensis) ( 1013 July 18 &ndash 1054 September 24) His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154, on which basis, the current Pope Benedict XVI would be the 267th pope. Pope Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger

Popes buried in St. Peter's

This article comprises lists of Popes of the Catholic Church. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St

There is no official list of popes, however the Annuario Pontificio, published every year by the Vatican, contains a list that is generally considered to be the most authoritative. The Annuario Pontificio ( Italian for Pontifical Yearbook) is the annual directory of the Holy See. The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope Its list is the one given here. The Annuario Pontificio list gives Benedict XVI as the 265th pope of Rome. The Annuario Pontificio ( Italian for Pontifical Yearbook) is the annual directory of the Holy See.

Several changes have been made in the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Christopher held the papacy from October 903 to January 904 Although he was listed as a legitimate Pope in most modern lists of popes until the first half of the 20th century Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen II until the 1961 edition and erased then. Stephen was a priest of Rome elected Pope in March of 752 to succeed St Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopaedia, which is in the public domain. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia

The Latin Episcopus Romanus translates as Bishop of Rome. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Chronological list of popes

1st-5th Centuries

1st Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
30 to 67		Peter Saint Peter	Petrus, Head of the Church	Simon Peter שמעון בן יונה (Shimon ben Yona) Shimon Kipha CΙΜΗΟΝ ΚΗΦΑC (Simeon Kephas - Simon the Rock)	Bethsaida, Galilea	Disciple of Jesus from whom he received the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, according to Matthew 16:18-19. "Galil" redirects here For the weapon see IMI Galil. Galilee (הגליל ha-Galil, lit the province, The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE)
post42/ante57 to 64/67(?)			Petrus, Episcopus Romanus			Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Peter) 22 February. The Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, or properly the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, is a feast commemorating the Martyrdom at Rome of the Apostles Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. The Cathedra Petri ( Latin) or Chair of Saint Peter is usually understood of a particular chair preserved in St Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Recognized as the first pope by the Roman Catholic Church.
64/67(?) to 76/79(?)		Linus Saint Linus	Linus, Episcopus Romanus	Linus	Tuscia (Northern Latium)	Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day 23 September
76/79(?) to 88		Anacletus (Cletus) Saint Anacletus	Anacletus, Episcopus Romanus	Anacletus	Probably Greece	Martyred; feast day 26 April
88/92 to 97/101		Clement I Saint Clement	Clemens, Episcopus Romanus		Rome	Martyred; feast day 23 November

2nd Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
97/99 to 105/107		Evaristus (Aristus) Saint Evaristus	Evaristus, Episcopus Romanus	Aristus		Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 26 October
105/107 to 115/116		Alexander I Saint Alexander	Alexander, Episcopus Romanus	Alexander	Rome
115/116 to 125		Sixtus I Saint Sixtus	Xystus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome or Greece
125 to 136/138		Telesphorus Saint Telesphorus	Telesphorus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece
136/138 to 140/142		Hyginus Saint Hyginus	Hyginus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece	Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 11 January
140/142 to 155		Pius I Saint Pius	Pius, Episcopus Romanus		Aquileia, Friuli, Italy	Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July
155 to 166		Anicetus Saint Anicetus	Anicetus, Episcopus Romanus		Emesa, Syria	Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 17 April
c. Saint Linus (d ca79 was the first bishop of Rome according to Irenaeus, Jerome, Eusebius Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Pope Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Saint Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Pope Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Pope Pope Pope Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Pope Aquileia (also called Aquilegia, Friulian Acuilee/Aquilee, Slovene Oglej) is an ancient Roman city in what is Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. For military actions near the city see Battle of Homs. Homs ( حمص,, anciently called Emesa (ἡ Ἔμεσα or "La Chamelle" Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. 166 to 174/175		Soter Saint Soter	Soterius, Episcopus Romanus		Fondi, Latium, Italy	Traditionally martyred; feast day 22 April
174/175 to 189</small		Eleuterus Saint Eleutherus	Eleutherius, Episcopus Romanus		Nicopoli, Epyrus	Traditionally martyred; feast day 6 May
189 to 198/199		Victor I Saint Victor	Victor, Episcopus Romanus		Northern Africa

3rd Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
199 to 217		Zephyrinus Saint Zephyrin	Zephyrinus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
c. Fondi is a city and comune in the Province of Latina ( Lazio, Italy) halfway between Rome and Naples. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Pope Saint Eleuterus or Eleutherius, was Pope from about 174 to 189 (the Vatican cites 171 or 177 to 185 or 193 Nicopolis (Νικόπολις city of victory) or Actia Nicopolis was an ancient city of Epirus, founded 31 BC by Octavian in memory Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Pope North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan 217 to 222/223		Callixtus I Saint Callixtus	Callistus, Episcopus Romanus			Martyred; feast day 14 October
222/223 to 230		Urban I Saint Urban	Urbanus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
21 July 230 to 28 September 235		Pontian Saint Pontian	Pontianus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
28 September 235 to 21 November 235		interregnum
21 November 235 to 3 January 236	No image of Anterus exists	Anterus Saint Anterus	Anterus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece
10 January 236 to 20 January 250		Fabian Saint Fabian	Fabianus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
6 March/11 March 251 to June 253	No image of Cornelius exists	Cornelius Saint Cornelius	Cornelius, Episcopus Romanus			Died a martyr, through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September
25 June 253 to 5 March 254	No image of Lucius I exists	Lucius I Saint Lucius	Lucius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome	Feast day 4 March
12 May 254 to 2 August 257	No image of Stephen I exists	Stephen I Saint Stephen	Stephanus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome	Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August
30/31 August 257 to 6 August 258		Sixtus II Saint Sixtus II	Xystus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece	Martyred by beheading
22 July 259 to 26 December 268	No image of Dionysius exists	Dionysius Saint Dionysius	Dionysius, Episcopus Romanus		Greece	Feast day 26 December
5 January 269 to 30 December 274	No image of Felix I exists	Felix I Saint Felix	Felix, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
4 January 275 to 7 December 283	No image of Eutychian exists	Eutychian Saint Eutychian	Eutychianus, Episcopus Romanus
17 December 283 to 22 April 296		Caius Saint Caius	Caius, Episcopus Romanus
30 June 296 to 1 April 304	No image of Marcellinus exists	Marcellinus Saint Marcellinus	Marcellinus, Episcopus Romanus

4th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
308 to 309	No image of Marcellus I exists	Marcellus I Saint Marcellus	Marcellus, Episcopus Romanus
c. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces "Saint Urban" redirects here For other saints with this name see Saint Urban (disambiguation. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Events By Place Roman Empire Taxes are increased in order to maintain the unity and defense of the Empire Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Events By Place Roman Empire Pressure on Rome by Goths, Quadi, Sassanids Franks and Alemanni Pope Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Events By Place Roman Empire Pressure on Rome by Goths, Quadi, Sassanids Franks and Alemanni Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Events By Place Roman Empire Pressure on Rome by Goths, Quadi, Sassanids Franks and Alemanni Sede vacante is the vacancy of the Episcopal see of a Particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Events By Place Roman Empire Pressure on Rome by Goths, Quadi, Sassanids Franks and Alemanni Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Maximinus Thrax and Marcus Pupienus Africanus become Roman Consuls Pope Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Events By Place Roman Empire Emperor Maximinus Thrax and Marcus Pupienus Africanus become Roman Consuls Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Events By Place Roman Empire A group of Franks penetrate as far as Tarragona in Spain (approximate date Pope Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Events By Place Roman Empire July 1 — In the Battle of Abrittus, the Goths defeat the Romans emperors Decius Pope Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Events By Place Roman Empire Period of the Thirty Tyrants in the Roman empire Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Events May 12 — Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I as the 23rd Pope. Pope Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Events May 12 — Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I as the 23rd Pope. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Events By Place Roman Empire Valerian I recovers Antioch from Shapur. Pope Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Events By Place Roman Empire Valerian I recovers Antioch from Shapur. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Events By Place Roman Empire The Goths ravage Asia Minor and Trabzon. Pope Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Events By Place Roman Empire Valerian, captured by King Shapur I of Persia, dies in captivity Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Events By Place Roman Empire September - Gallienus, aided by Aurelian, defeats the Goths at the Battle Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Events By Place Roman Empire Claudius II repels a Gothic invasion of the Balkans at Naissus, and settles Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Events By Place Roman Empire December 25 — Roman emperor Aurelian has a temple dedicated to Sol Invictus on the third Pope Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Events By Place Roman Empire Roman Emperor Aurelian is murdered by troops while preparing to invade Persia. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Events By place Roman Empire Carus conquers Ctesiphon, capital of the Persian kingdom. Pope Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Events By place Roman Empire Carus conquers Ctesiphon, capital of the Persian kingdom. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Events By Place Roman Empire Galerius is defeated in combat by the Persians under Narseh outside Ctesiphon Pope Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Events By Place Roman Empire Galerius is defeated in combat by the Persians under Narseh outside Ctesiphon Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Events By Place Roman Empire The Roman colony of Konstanz is founded Pope 309 to c. 310	No image of Eusebius exists	Eusebius Saint Eusebius	Eusebius, Episcopus Romanus
2 July 311 to 11 January 314		Miltiades Melchiades Saint Miltiades	Miltiades, Episcopus Romanus		Africa	First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great
31 January 314 to 31 December 335		Sylvester I Saint Sylvester	Silvester, Episcopus Romanus
18 January 336 to 7 October 336		Mark Saint Mark	Marcus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome	Feast day 7 October
6 February 337 to 12 April 352		Julius I Saint Julius	Iulius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
17 May 352 to 24 September 366	No image of Liberius exists	Liberius	Liberius, Episcopus Romanus			Earliest Pope not yet canonized
1 October 366 to 11 December 384		Damasus I Saint Damasus	Damasus, Episcopus Romanus		Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal	First Portuguese Pope
11 December 384 to 26 November 399	No image of Siricius exists	Siricius Saint Siricius	Papa Siricius, Episcopus Romanus			First to employ the title "Papa" ("Pope")
27 November 399 to 19 December 401	No image of Anatasius I exists	Anastasius I Saint Anastasius	Papa Anastasius, Episcopus Romanus

5th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
22 December 401 to 12 March 417	No image of Innocent I exists	Innocent I Saint Innocent	Papa Innocentius, Episcopus Romanus			Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric
18 March 417 to 26 December 418	No image of Zosimus exists	Zosimus Saint Zosimus	Papa Zosimus, Episcopus Romanus
28/29 December 418 to 4 September 422		Boniface I Saint Boniface	Papa Bonifacius, Episcopus Romanus
10 September 422 to 27 July 432		Celestine I Saint Celestine	Papa Coelestinus, Episcopus Romanus
31 July 432 to March/August 440		Sixtus III Saint Sixtus	Papa Xystus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus
29 September 440 to 10 November 461		Leo I Saint Leo Leo the Great	Papa Leo Magnus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome	Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy
19 November 461 to 29 February 468		Hilarius Saint Hilarius	Papa Hilarius, Episcopus Romanus
3 March 468 to 10 March 483	No image of Simplicius exists	Simplicius Saint Simplicius	Papa Simplicius, Episcopus Romanus		Tivoli, Italy
13 March 483 to 1 March 492		Felix III Saint Felix	Papa Felix Tertius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome	Sometimes called Felix II
1 March 492 to 21 November 496	No image of Gelasius I exists	Gelasius I Saint Gelasius	Papa Gelasius, Episcopus Romanus		Africa
24 November 496 to 19 November 498	No image of Anastasius II exists	Anastasius II	Papa Anastasius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus
22 November 498 to 19 July 514		Symmachus Saint Symmachus	Papa Symmachus, Episcopus Romanus		Sardinia

6th-10th Centuries

6th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
20 July 514 to 19 July 523	No image of Hormisdas exists	Hormisdas Saint Hormisdas	Papa Hormisdus, Episcopus Romanus		Frosinone, Southern Latium, Italy	Father of Pope Silverius
13 August 523 to 18 May 526	No image of John I exists	John I Saint John	Papa Ioannes, Episcopus Romanus		Tuscany
13 July 526 to 22 September 530	No image of Felix IV exists	Felix IV Saint Felix	Papa Felix Quartus, Episcopus Romanus		Samnium	Sometimes called Felix III
22 September 530 to 17 October 532	No image of Boniface II exists	Boniface II	Papa Bonifacius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome to Ostrogoth parents
2 January 533 to 8 May 535	No image of John II exists	John II	Papa Ioannes Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Mercurius	Rome	First pope to not use personal name. Pope Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Events By Place Roman Empire May 5 — Galerius issues his Edict of Toleration ending Persecution of Christians Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Events By Place Roman Empire 8 October — War between Constantine I and Licinius: Licinius is defeated at the Pope The Edict of Milan was a letter signed by emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed Religious toleration in the Roman Empire. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Events By Place Roman Empire 8 October — War between Constantine I and Licinius: Licinius is defeated at the Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Events By Place Roman Empire 19 September — Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor This article is about the year 336. Events By Place Roman Empire The military successes of Emperor Constantine I Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) This article is about the year 336. Events By Place Roman Empire The military successes of Emperor Constantine I Pope Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Events By Place Roman Empire September 9 — Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Events By Place Roman Empire The Alamanni and the Franks defeat the Roman army taking control of 40 towns between the Moselle Pope Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Events By Place Roman Empire The Alamanni and the Franks defeat the Roman army taking control of 40 towns between the Moselle Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Events By Place Roman Empire January 2 — The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers invading the Roman Pope Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Events By Place Roman Empire January 2 — The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers invading the Roman Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Events By Place Roman Empire The Forum of Theodosius I is built in Constantinople. Pope Idanha-a-Nova ( pron. i'dɐɲɐ ɐ 'nɔvɐ quickly pron /i'dɐɲa 'nɔvɐ/ is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 1416 Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Events By Place Roman Empire The Forum of Theodosius I is built in Constantinople. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Events By Place Western Roman Empire Flavius Mallius Theodorus becomes Roman Consul. Pope Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Events By Place Western Roman Empire Flavius Mallius Theodorus becomes Roman Consul. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Events By Place World The human population reaches 206 million Pope Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Events By Place World The human population reaches 206 million Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving For the Assault rifle see Heckler & Koch HK417. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Pope The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East The Sack of Rome occurred on August 24, 410. The city was attacked by the Visigoths, led by Alaric I. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor For the Assault rifle see Heckler & Koch HK417. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Events By place Roman Empire Foundation of the Visigothic Kingdom, Roman Emperor Honorius rewarded his Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Events By place Roman Empire Foundation of the Visigothic Kingdom, Roman Emperor Honorius rewarded his Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Events By Topic Religion September 10 — Pope Celestine I succeeds Pope Boniface I as the Pope Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Events By Topic Religion September 10 — Pope Celestine I succeeds Pope Boniface I as the Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Events By Place Western Roman Empire The Battle of Ravenna is fought between the two strong men of the Empire general Flavius Aëtius Pope Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Events By Place Western Roman Empire The Battle of Ravenna is fought between the two strong men of the Empire general Flavius Aëtius Pope Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Geiseric, king of the Vandals, captures Sicily. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Events By Place Western Roman Empire August 2 — Majorian resigns as Emperor shortly afterwards Libius Severus Pope Saint Leo I or Pope Saint Leo the Great was Pope from September 29, 440 to November 10, 461. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Events By Place Western Roman Empire August 2 — Majorian resigns as Emperor shortly afterwards Libius Severus Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire The Vandal fleet overpowers the navy of Leo I. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire The Vandal fleet overpowers the navy of Leo I. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Events By Place Byzantine Empire Due to Zeno I 's Monophysite sympathies general Illus and Verina, mother-in-law Pope Tivoli, the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town in Lazio, about 30 km from Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Due to Zeno I 's Monophysite sympathies general Illus and Verina, mother-in-law Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Events By Place Byzantine Empire Longinus brother of the deceased Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno I, revolts against Anastasius Pope Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Events By Place Byzantine Empire Longinus brother of the deceased Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno I, revolts against Anastasius Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Events By Place Europe Battle of Tolbiac: Clovis I defeats the Alamanni, and is baptized into the Catholic Pope Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Events By Place Europe Battle of Tolbiac: Clovis I defeats the Alamanni, and is baptized into the Catholic Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Events By Place Byzantine Empire Emperor Anastasius I reforms the monetary system using Greek numerals instead of Roman Pope Anastasius II was Pope from November 24, 496 to November 19, 498. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Events By Place Byzantine Empire Emperor Anastasius I reforms the monetary system using Greek numerals instead of Roman Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. For the area code see Area code 514 Events By Place Byzantine Empire Vitalius leads a rebellion in the Pope Saint Symmachus was Pope from 498 to 514 He was born on Sardinia, the son of Fortunatus Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold For the area code see Area code 514 Events By Place Byzantine Empire Vitalius leads a rebellion in the Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian, later Byzantine emperor, marries Theodora. Pope Frosinone is a town and Comune in Lazio, central Italy, the Capital of the Province of Frosinone. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian, later Byzantine emperor, marries Theodora. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Events By Place Europe Athalaric succeeds Theodoric as king of the Ostrogoths, and Amalaric becomes king of the Pope Saint John I was Pope from 523 to 526 He was a native of Tuscany (in Siena or in the Castello di Serena, near Chiusdino) and Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Events By Place Europe Athalaric succeeds Theodoric as king of the Ostrogoths, and Amalaric becomes king of the Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians For the California area code see Area code 530 Events By Place Byzantine Empire Battle of Daras: Pope Samnium ( Oscan: Safinim; Italian Sannio) is a historical region of the south central Apennines in Italy, that was home to the Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians For the California area code see Area code 530 Events By Place Byzantine Empire Battle of Daras: Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 11 — Nika riots in Constantinople: The cathedral is destroyed Pope Boniface II was Pope from 530 to 532 He was by birth an Ostrogoth, the first Germanic pope and he owed his appointment to the influence of the Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Events By Place Byzantine Empire June 21 - Belisarius sails from Constantinople. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian I orders Belisarius to start the reconquest of Italy; Mundus Pope John II of Alexandria was the Coptic Pope from 505 to 516. This was due to Mercury being a Roman god. "Alipes" redirects here For the Centipede Genus, see Alipes (centipede.
13 May 535 to 22 April 536		Agapetus I Agapitus Saint Agapetus	Papa Agapetus, Episcopus Romanus			Feast days 22 April, 20 September
1 June 536 to 11 November 537	No image of Silverius exists	Silverius Saint Silverius	Papa Silverius, Episcopus Romanus			Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas
29 March 537 to 7 June 555	No image of Vigilius exists	Vigilius	Papa Vigilius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
16 April 556 to 4 March 561		Pelagius I	Papa Pelagius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
17 July 561 to 13 July 574		John III	Papa Ioannes Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Catelinus
2 June 575 to 30 July 579	No image of Benedict II exists	Benedict I	Papa Benedictus, Episcopus Romanus
26 November 579 to 7 February 590		Pelagius II	Papa Pelagius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
3 September 590 to 12 March 604		Gregory I, O.S.B. Saint Gregory Gregory the Great	Papa Gregorius Magnus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome	First to formally employ the titles "Servus servorum Dei" and "Pontifex Maximus"

7th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
13 September 604 to 22 February 606	No image of Sabinian exists	Sabinian Saint Sabinian	Papa Sabinianus, Episcopus Romanus		Blera
19 February 607 to 12 November 607	No image of Boniface III exists	Boniface III	Papa Bonifacius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
25 August 608 to 8 May 615		Boniface IV, O.S.B. Saint Boniface	Papa Bonifacius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus		Marsi	First Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor
19 October 615 to 8 November 618		Adeodatus I	Papa Adeodatus, or Papa Deusdedit Episcopus Romanus		Rome	Sometimes called Deusdedit, and then Pope Adeodatus II is called Pope Adeodatus without a number
23 December 619 to 25 October 625	No image of Boniface V exists	Boniface V	Papa Bonifacius Quintus, Episcopus Romanus		Naples
27 October 625 to 12 October 638		Honorius I	Papa Honorius, Episcopus Romanus
October 638 to 2 August 640	No image of Severinus exists	Severinus	Papa Severinus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
24 December 640 to 12 October 642	No image of John IV exists	John IV	Papa Ioannes Quartus, Episcopus Romanus		Zadar, Dalmatia, now Croatia
24 November 642 to 14 May 649	No image of Theodore I exists	Theodore I	Papa Theodorus, Episcopus Romanus		Palestine
July 649 to 16 September 655	No image of Martin I exists	Martin I Saint Martin	Papa Martinus, Episcopus Romanus			Feast Day 12 November
10 August 654 to 2 June 657		Eugene I Saint Eugene	Papa Eugenius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
30 July 657 to 27 January 672		Vitalian Saint Vitalian	Papa Vitalianus, Episcopus Romanus
11 April 672 to 17 June 676		Adeodatus II, O.S.B.	Papa Adeodatus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus			Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number) when Pope Adeodatus I is called Pope Deusdedit
2 November 676 to 11 April 678		Donus	Papa Donus, Episcopus Romanus
27 June 678 to 10 January 681		Agatho Saint Agatho	Papa Agatho, Episcopus Romanus		Sicily
December 681 to 3 July 683		Leo II Saint Leo	Papa Leo Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Sicily	Feast day 3 July
683/26 June 684 to 8 May 685	No image of Benedict II exists	Benedict II Saint Benedict	Papa Benedictus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus			Feast day 7 May
12 July 685 to 2 August 686	No image of John V exists	John V	Papa Ioannes Quintus, Episcopus Romanus		Syria
21 October 686 to 22 September 687	No image of Conon exists	Conon	Papa Conon, Episcopus Romanus
15 December 687 to 8 September 701	No image of Sergius I exists	Sergius I Saint Sergius	Papa Sergius, Episcopus Romanus		Sicily

8th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
30 October 701 to 11 January 705	No image of John VI exists	John VI	Papa Ioannes Sextus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece
1 March 705 to 18 October 707		John VII	Papa Ioannes Septumus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece	Second Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor
15 January 708 to 4 February 708	No image of Sisinnius exists	Sisinnius	Papa Sisinnius, Episcopus Romanus		Syria
25 March 708 to 9 April 715	No image of Constantine exists	Constantine	Papa Constantinus, Episcopus Romanus		Syria	Last Pope to visit Greece until John Paul II in 2001
19 May 715 to 11 February 731		Gregory II Saint Gregory	Papa Gregorius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus			Feast day 11 February
18 March 731 to 28 November 741		Gregory III	Papa Gregorius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus		Syria	Third Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor
3 December 741 to 14 March/22 March 752	No image of Zachary exists	Zachary Saint Zachary	Papa Zacharias, Episcopus Romanus		Greece	Feast day 15 March
23 March 752 to 25 March 752 Never took office as Pope. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian I orders Belisarius to start the reconquest of Italy; Mundus Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Events By Place Byzantine Empire April — Belisarius, a general in the service of Justinian I, lands in Italy Pope Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Events By Place Byzantine Empire April — Belisarius, a general in the service of Justinian I, lands in Italy Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Events By Place Byzantine Empire December 27 — The construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is completed Pope Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Pope Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Events By Place Byzantine Empire December 27 — The construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is completed Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Events By Place Byzantine Empire An Earthquake devastates Latakia. Pope Vigilius (d June 7, 555) reigned as Pope from 537-555 He belonged to a distinguished Roman family his father Johannes is identified as a Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Events By Place Europe Cynric and Ceawlin of Wessex fight against the Britons at Beranburh Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Events By Place Europe Clotaire I dies and the Frankish kingdom is divided Sigebert I becomes king of Austrasia Pope Pelagius I was Pope from 556 to March 4, 561. He came from a Roman noble family Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Events By Place Europe Clotaire I dies and the Frankish kingdom is divided Sigebert I becomes king of Austrasia Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Events By Place Byzantine Empire Emperor Justin II retires choosing Tiberius II Constantine as his heir Pope John III was Pope from 561 to July 13, 574. A Roman surnamed Catelinus he was of a distinguished family being the son of one Anastasius Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Events By Place Europe The Kingdom of East Anglia is founded by the Angle groups "North Folk" and "South Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Deaths February — Khosrau I, king of Persia Pope Benedict I Theodric, king of Bernicia Pope Benedict I was Pope from June 2, 575 to July 30, 579. Benedict was the son of a man named Bonifacius and was called Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Deaths February — Khosrau I, king of Persia Pope Benedict I Theodric, king of Bernicia Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Events By Place Byzantine Empire Summer - Maurice agrees to Khosrau's entreaties and agrees to restart the war with Persia Pope Pelagius II was Pope from 579 to 590 He was seemingly a native of Rome, but he was of Gothic ( Ostrogothic) descent as his father's Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Events By Place Byzantine Empire Summer - Maurice agrees to Khosrau's entreaties and agrees to restart the war with Persia Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Events By Place Ancient Japan Prince Shotoku issues a Seventeen-article constitution. This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. Servus Servorum Dei is a Latin phrase meaning Servant of the Servants of God. The Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the Ancient Roman College of Pontiffs. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Events By Place Ancient Japan Prince Shotoku issues a Seventeen-article constitution. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Events By Place Europe Cearl becomes king of Mercia. Asia Shashanka Sabinian (died February 22, 606) was Pope from 604 to 606 He was born at Blera (Bieda near Viterbo and was consecrated Blera is a small town and comune of the northern Lazio Italy near Rome, known during the Middle Ages as Bieda, an evolved form of its ancient name which Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Events By Place Europe Ceolwulf of Wessex fights the South Saxons. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Events By Place Europe Ceolwulf of Wessex fights the South Saxons. For the Boniface III count of Montferrat see Boniface of Montferrat Boniface III was Pope from February 19 to Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Events By Place Europe Eochaid Buide succeeds Áedán mac Gabráin as king of Dál Riata. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Events By Place Europe The Edict of Paris grants extensive rights to the Frankish nobility Pope This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. The Marsi were an ancient people of Italy, whose chief centre was Marruvium, on the eastern shore of Lake Fucinus. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Events By Place Europe The Edict of Paris grants extensive rights to the Frankish nobility Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Events By Place Asia The Sui Dynasty ends and the Tang Dynasty begins in China. Pope Adeodatus II or Deodatus II reigned as Pope from April 11, 672 to June 17, 676. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Avars attack Constantinople. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Events By Topic Religion March 23 - Battle of Uhud ( Muhammad retreats against the inhabitants of Mecca Boniface V (died October 25, 625) was Pope from 619 to 625 He was consecrated as pope on December 23, 619. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Events By Topic Religion March 23 - Battle of Uhud ( Muhammad retreats against the inhabitants of Mecca Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Events By Place Asia The Muslims capture Jerusalem, Antioch, Caesarea Maritima and Akko Pope Honorius I (died October 12, 638) was Pope from 625 to 638 Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Events By Place Europe Tulga succeeds his father Suinthila as king of the Visigoths. Pope Severinus was Pope in the year 640 A Roman and the son of one Abienus Severinus was elected on the third day after the death of his predecessor and envoys were at Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Events By Place Europe Tulga succeeds his father Suinthila as king of the Visigoths. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Events By Place Europe August 5 — In the Battle of Maserfield, Penda, king of Mercia defeats and Pope John IV (died of Cancer, October 12, 642) was elected pope after a four-month Sede vacante, December 24, Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea, with a population of 72717 (2001 Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Events By Place Europe August 5 — In the Battle of Maserfield, Penda, king of Mercia defeats and Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Events By Place Europe Reccaswinth succeeds his father Chindaswinth as king of the Visigoths. Pope Theodore I (d May 14, 649) who was Pope November 24, 642 - May 14 649, is considered a Greek Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Events By Place Europe November 15 — Northumbrian king Oswiu defeats Mercian king Penda in the "Martin I" redirects here For the Aragonese king see Martin I of Aragon. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Events By Place Europe Rhodes is invaded by an Arab force remains of the Colossus of Rhodes are sold off Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Events By Place Asia The Chinese Tang Dynasty under Emperor Gaozong of Tang defeats a Turkish army Pope Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Events By Place Asia The Chinese Tang Dynasty under Emperor Gaozong of Tang defeats a Turkish army Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Events By Place Europe Wamba succeeds Reccaswinth as king of the Visigoths. Pope Saint Vitalianus was Pope from July 30, 657, until January 27, 672. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Events By Place Europe Wamba succeeds Reccaswinth as king of the Visigoths. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Events By Place Europe Æthelred invades Kent. Asia In Japan Emperor Temmu Adeodatus II or Deodatus II reigned as Pope from April 11, 672 to June 17, 676. This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. Pope Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Events By Place Europe Æthelred invades Kent. Asia In Japan Emperor Temmu Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The First Arab siege of Constantinople (674-678 ends Pope Donus was Pope from November 2, 676 to April 11, 678. He was the son of a Roman named Mauricius Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Events By Place Byzantine Empire The First Arab siege of Constantinople (674-678 ends Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Bulgars win the war with the Byzantine Empire; the latter signs a peace treaty which Pope Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. 683 is a prime number Events By Place Americas The reign of Pacal the Great, ruler of Maya state of Palenque Pope Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. 683 is a prime number Events By Place Americas The reign of Pacal the Great, ruler of Maya state of Palenque Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Events By Place Asia Wu Ze Tian takes power in China The Ummayad caliph Muawiya II is succeeded by Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian II succeeds Constantine IV as Emperor of the Byzantine Empire Pope Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian II succeeds Constantine IV as Emperor of the Byzantine Empire Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Events By Place Europe The Kingdom of Kent is attacked and conquered by West Saxons under Caedwalla. Pope John V, Pope from 685 to August 2, 686, was a Syrian by birth and on account of his knowledge of Greek had in 680 been Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Events By Place Europe The Kingdom of Kent is attacked and conquered by West Saxons under Caedwalla. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Events By Place Europe King Theuderic III of Neustria is defeated by Pepin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace Pope Conon (d September 21, 687) was Pope from October 21, 686 until his death in Rome. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Events By Place Europe King Theuderic III of Neustria is defeated by Pepin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Events By Place Europe Pope Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Events By Place Europe Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Alternate meanings Area code 705; Project 705; Life 705 Events By Place Asia February 20 John VI, Pope from October 30, 701 to January 11, 705, was a native of Greece, and succeeded to the papal chair two Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Alternate meanings Area code 705; Project 705; Life 705 Events By Place Asia February 20 Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Events By Place Asia Empress Gemmei succeeds to the Japanese throne John VII (died October 18, 707) was Pope from 705 to 707 The successor of John VI, he was (like his predecessor of Greek nationality Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Events By Place Asia August 29 — Copper Coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Events By Place Asia August 29 — Copper Coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date Sisinnius (d February 4, 708) was Pope for about three weeks in 708 Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Events By Place Asia August 29 — Copper Coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Events By Place Europe September 26 — Battle of Compiègne: Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald, becoming mayor Constantinus (died April 9, 715) was Pope from 708 to 715 He was a Syriac by birth and was consecrated pope on March 25, 708 Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Pope Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Events By Place Europe September 26 — Battle of Compiègne: Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald, becoming mayor Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Events By Place Europe Bede completes his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. Pope Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Events By Place Europe Bede completes his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events This article is about the year 741 For the 741 Integrated circuit, see Operational amplifier. Gregory III (died November 29, 741) was Pope from 731 to 741 A Syrian by birth he succeeded Gregory II in March 731 Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French This article is about the year 741 For the 741 Integrated circuit, see Operational amplifier. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Events By Place Europe Cuthred of Wessex leads a successful rebellion against Aethelbald of Mercia at Battle Edge, Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Events By Place Europe Cuthred of Wessex leads a successful rebellion against Aethelbald of Mercia at Battle Edge, Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Events By Place Europe Cuthred of Wessex leads a successful rebellion against Aethelbald of Mercia at Battle Edge,	No image of Pope-elect Stephen exists	(Pope-Elect Stephen)	Papa Scelga Stephanus			Sometimes known as Stephen II. Stephen was a priest of Rome elected Pope in March of 752 to succeed St Died three days after his election and was never consecrated into the office of Pope as such debate remains over whether he was Pope or not. The Vatican sanctioned his addition to the list of Popes in the sixteenth century, however he was removed in 1961. As such he is not considered a Pope by the Catholic Church.
26 March 752 to 26 April 757	No image of Stephen III exists	Stephen II	Papa Stephanus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus			Sometimes called Stephen III
29 May 757 to 28 June 767	No image of Paul I exists	Paul I Saint Paul	Papa Paulus, Episcopus Romanus
1 August 767 to 24 January 772	No image of Stephen III exists	Stephen III	Papa Stephanus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus			Sometimes called Stephen IV
1 February 772 to 26 December 795		Adrian I	Papa Hadrianus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
26 December 795 to 12 June 816		Leo III	Papa Leo Tertius, Episcopus Romanus			Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augustus on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy

9th Century

10th Century

11th-15th Centuries

11th Century

12th Century

13th Century

14th Century

15th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
17 October 1404 to 6 November 1406		Innocent VII	Papa Innocentius Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	Abruzzi, Italy	Western Schism
30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415		Gregory XII	Papa Gregorius Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Angelo Correr	Venice, Italy	Western Schism; abdicated during the Council of Constance, which had been called by his opponent John XXIII. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Sede vacante is the vacancy of the Episcopal see of a Particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Pope John (numbering Pope John XXII (1249 &ndash December 4, 1334) born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse) was Pope from 1316 to 1334 In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Pope Benedict XII (died April 25, 1342) born Jacques Fournier, was Pope from 1334 to 1342 In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Pope Clement VI (1291 &ndash December 6, 1352) born Pierre Roger, the fourth of the Avignon Popes, was Pope from May 1342 until his In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Pope Innocent VI (1282 or 1295 &ndash September 12, 1362) born Étienne Aubert, Pope at Avignon from 1352 to 1362 the successor In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Blessed This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. See also Vicedomino de Vicedominis, a pope-elect who took the name Gregory XI. In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Pope Urban VI (c 1318 &ndash October 15, 1389) born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389 The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Pope Boniface IX (1356 &ndash October 1, 1404) born Piero Tomacelli, was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Pope Innocent VII, born Cosimo de' Migliorati (c 1336 &ndash November 6 1406 was briefly Pope at Rome from 1404 to his death during the Western Schism The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Pope Gregory XII (died October 18, 1417) born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415 succeeded Pope The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 In the Roman Catholic Church, the Council of Constance is the 16th Ecumenical council. Pope John XXIIIPope John (numbering Baldassarre Cossa (c 1370 &ndash November 22 1419 also known as John XXIII, was Pope or Antipope during
4 July 1415 to 11 November 1417		interregnum
11 November 1417 to 20 February 1431		Martin V	Papa Martinus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Oddone Colonna	Rome, Italy	Convened the Council of Basel, 1431
3 March 1431 to 23 February 1447		Eugene IV, O.S.A.	Papa Eugenius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Gabriele Condulmer	Venice, Italy	crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Sede vacante is the vacancy of the Episcopal see of a Particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Pope Martin V (c 1368 &ndash February 20, 1431) born Odo (or The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one Pope and many other leaders The Council of Florence (originally Council of Basel) was an Ecumenical Council of Bishops and other ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Pope Eugene IV (1383 &ndash February 23, 1447) born Gabriele Condulmer, was Pope from March 3, 1431, to his death The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund ( February 14, 1368 – December 9, Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2
6 March 1447 to 24 March 1455	Image:Nicholasv.jpg	Nicholas V, O.P.	Papa Nicolaus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Tommaso Parentucelli	Sarzana, Liguria, Italy	Held Jubilee of 1450; crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome in 1452. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland See also Antipope Nicholas V. Pope Nicholas V (Italian Niccolò V; November 15, 1397 &ndash March The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is The concept of the Jubilee is a special year of remission of Sins and universal pardon Frederick III of Habsburg ( September 21 1415 &ndash August 19, 1493) was elected as German King as the successor of
8 April 1455 to 6 August 1458		Callixtus III	Papa Callistus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Alfonso de Borgia	Xàtiva, València, Spain	First Spanish Pope
19 August 1458 to 15 August 1464		Pius II	Papa Pius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Enea Silvio Piccolomini	Siena, Italy
30 August 1464 to 26 July 1471		Paul II	Papa Paulus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Pietro Barbo	Venice, Italy	Nephew of Eugene IV
9 August 1471 to 12 August 1484		Sixtus IV, O.F.M.	Papa Xystus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Francesco della Rovere	Savona, Italy	Member of the Franciscan Order, Commissioned the Sistine Chapel
29 August 1484 to 25 July 1492		Innocent VIII	Papa Innocentius Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Battista Cybo	Genoa, Italy	Appointed Tomás de Torquemada
11 August 1492 to 18 August 1503		Alexander VI	Papa Alexander Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Rodrigo de Lanzòl-Borgia	Xàtiva, València, Spain	Nephew of Callixtus III. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Pope Calixtus III ( December 31, 1378 &ndash August 6, 1458) né Alfonso de Borja, was Pope from April Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini ( Latin Aeneas Sylvius; October 18, 1405 &ndash August 14, 1464) Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Pope Paul II ( February 23, 1417 &ndash July 26, 1471) born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death in 1471 Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Pope Sixtus IV ( July 21, 1414 &ndash August 12, 1484) born Francesco Della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484 The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic Della Rovere is a noble historical family of Italy Coming from modest beginnings in Savona, Liguria, the family rose to prominence through Nepotism The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic Sistine Chapel (Cappella Sistina is the best-known Chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Pope Innocent VIII (1432 &ndash July 25, 1492) born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo) was Pope from 1484 until his death Tomás de Torquemada (1420 – September 16, 1498) was a fifteenth century Spanish Dominican, first Inquisitor General of Spain and Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Pope Alexander VI ( 1 January 1431 &ndash 18 August 1503) born Roderic Llançol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja ( Father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. ( September 13, 1475 &ndash March 12, 1507) Duke of Valentinois, and Romagna, Prince of Andria and Venafro This article is about the historical person For the biographical opera see Lucrezia Borgia (opera. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in 1493 by the Bull Inter caetera. Inter caetera ("Among other " was a Papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI on 4 May 1493, which granted to Spain

16th-20th Centuries

16th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
22 September 1503 to 18 October 1503		Pius III	Papa Pius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini	Siena, Tuscany, Italy	Nephew of Pius II
31 October 1503 to 21 February 1513		Julius II, O.F.M.	Papa Iulius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Giuliano della Rovere	Albisola, Savona, Italy	Nephew of Sixtus IV; Convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran, 1512. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Pope Pius III ( May 29, 1439 &ndash October 18, 1503) born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Pope Julius II (5 December 1443 &ndash 21 February 1513 born Giuliano Della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513 The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic Della Rovere is a noble historical family of Italy Coming from modest beginnings in Savona, Liguria, the family rose to prominence through Nepotism When elected pope Julius II promised under oath that he would soon convoke a general council Took effective control of the whole territory of the Papal States for the first time. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Proposed plans for rebuilding of Saint Peter's Basilica
9 March 1513 to 1 December 1521		Leo X	Papa Leo Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici	Florence, Italy	Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death Lorenzo de' Medici (January 1 1449 &ndash 9 April 1492 was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance Excommunicated Martin Luther
9 January 1522 to 14 September 1523		Adrian VI	Papa Hadrianus Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (presently The Netherlands)	The only Dutch Pope. Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Pope Adrian VI ( Utrecht, March 2, 1459 &ndash September 14, 1523) born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, son of The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Pope The tutor of Emperor Charles V
26 November 1523 to 25 September 1534		Clement VII	Papa Clemens Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici	Florence, Italy	Cousin of Leo X. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France For the Antipope (1378&ndash1394 see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII ( May 26, 1478 &ndash September Giuliano de' Medici (1453&ndash April 26, 1478) was the second son of Piero de' Medici (the Gouty Rome plundered by imperial troops ("Sacco di Roma"), 1527. He forbade the divorce of Henry VIII and crowned Charles V Emperor at Bologna in 1530. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy His niece Catherine de' Medici was married to the son of the French king. Catherine de' Medici (April 13 1519 &ndash January 5 1589 was born in Florence, Italy as Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici.
13 October 1534 to 10 November 1549		Paul III	Papa Paulus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Alessandro Farnese	Canino, Viterbo, Italy	Opened the Council of Trent in 1545. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman For the town in Italy with the same name see Farnese (VT. The Farnese family was an influential family in Renaissance Italy. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma. The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802 and again from 1814 to 1860
7 February 1550 to 29 March 1555		Julius III	Papa Iulius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	Rome, Italy
9 April 1555 to April 30 or 1 May 1555		Marcellus II	Papa Marcellus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Marcello Cervini	Montefano, Macerata, Italy	Last to use given name as regnal name
23 May 1555 to 18 August 1559		Paul IV	Papa Paulus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Pietro Carafa	Capriglia, Campania, Italy
26 December 1559 to 9 December 1565		Pius IV	Papa Pius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Angelo Medici	Milan, Italy	Reopened the Council of Trent, 1562, it concluded its proceedings in 1563
7 January 1566 to 1 May 1572		Pius V, O.P. Saint Pius	Papa Pius Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Michele Ghislieri	Bosco, Alessandria, Italy	Excommunicated Elizabeth I of England, 1570. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Pope Julius III ( September 10, 1487 &ndash March 23, 1555) born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Pope Marcellus II (6 May 1501 &ndash 1 May 1555 born Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi was Pope from 5 April 1555 succeeding Pope Julius III. A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name used by some Popes and Monarchs during their Reigns Since Medieval times monarchs Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Pope Paul IV ( June 28, 1476 &ndash August 18, 1559) né Giovanni Pietro Carafa, was Pope from May 23 Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Pope Pius IV ( March 31, 1499 &ndash December 9, 1565) born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565 The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Pope The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is Victory of Lepanto 1571
13 May 1572 to 10 April 1585		Gregory XIII	Papa Gregorius Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Ugo Boncompagni	Bologna, Italy	Reform of the calendar 1582
24 April 1585 to 27 August 1590		Sixtus V, O.F.M. Conv.	Papa Xystus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Felice Peretti	Grottammare, Marche, Italy
15 September 1590 to 27 September 1590		Urban VII	Papa Urbanus Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	Rome, Italy
5 December 1590 to 15 /16 October 1591		Gregory XIV	Papa Gregorius Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Niccolò Sfondrati	Cremona, Lombardy, Italy
29 October 1591 to 30 December 1591		Innocent IX	Papa Innocentius Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	Bologna, Italy
30 January 1592 to 3 March 1605		Clement VIII	Papa Clemens Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Ippolito Aldobrandini	Fano, Marche, Italy

17th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
1 April 1605 to 27 April 1605		Leo XI	Papa Leo Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici	Florence, Italy
16 May 1605 to 28 January 1621		Paul V	Papa Paulus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Camillo Borghese	Rome, Italy
9 February 1621 to 8 July 1623		Gregory XV	Papa Gregorius Quintus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Alessandro Ludovisi	Bologna, Italy
6 August 1623 to 29 July 1644		Urban VIII	Papa Urbanus Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Maffeo Barberini	Florence, Italy	Trial against Galileo Galilei
15 September 1644 to 7 January 1655		Innocent X	Papa Innocentius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Battista Pamphilj	Rome, Italy
7 April 1655 to 22 May 1667		Alexander VII	Papa Alexander Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Fabio Chigi	Siena, Tuscany, Italy
20 June 1667 to 9 December 1669		Clement IX	Papa Clemens Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Giulio Rospigliosi	Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy
29 April 1670 to 22 July 1676		Clement X	Papa Clemens Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Emilio Altieri	Rome, Italy
21 September 1676 to 11/12 August 1689		Innocent XI Blessed Innocent	Papa Innocentius Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Benedetto Odescalchi	Como, Lombardy, Italy
6 October 1689 to 1 February 1691		Alexander VIII	Papa Alexander Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Pietro Vito Ottoboni	Padova, Veneto, Italy
12 July 1691 to 27 September 1700		Innocent XII	Papa Innocentius Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Antonio Pignatelli	Spinazzola, Puglia, Italy
23 November 1700 to 19 March 1721		Clement XI	Papa Clemens Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	Urbino, Marche, Italy

18th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
8 May 1721 to 7 March 1724		Innocent XIII	Papa Innocentius Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Michelangelo de ’Conti; Michael Angelo Conti	Poli, Lazio, Italy
29 May 1724 to 21 February 1730		Benedict XIII, O.P.	Papa Benedictus Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Pierfrancesco Orsini	Gravina, Puglia, Italy
12 July 1730 to 6 February 1740		Clement XII	Papa Clemens Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Lorenzo Corsini	Florence, Italy
17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758		Benedict XIV	Papa Benedictus Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini	Bologna, Italy
6 July 1758 to 2 February 1769		Clement XIII	Papa Clemens Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Carlo della Torre Rezzonico	Venice, Veneto, Italy
19 May 1769 to 22 September 1774		Clement XIV, O.F.M. Conv.	Papa Clemens Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli	Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, Italy	Suppressed the Jesuit Order. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Pope Gregory XIII (January 7 1502 &ndash April 10 1585 born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585 Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Pope Sixtus V ( December 13, 1521 &ndash August 27, 1590) born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590 The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv commonly known as the Conventual Franciscans, is a branch of the order of Roman Catholic Friars founded Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Pope Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Pope Gregory XIV ( February 11, 1535  &ndash October 16, 1591) born Niccolò Sfondrati, was Pope from December Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Pope Innocent IX ( July 20, 1519 &ndash December 30, 1591) born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was Pope from October Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Not to be confused with Antipope Clement VIII. Pope Clement VIII ( February 24, 1536 &ndash March 3, 1605 Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Pope Leo XI ( June 2, 1535 &ndash April 27, 1605) born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from April 1 Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted For Napoleon's brother-in-law see Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese. Borghese is the surname of a family of Italian noble and papal background originating in Siena as the Borghese or Borghesi where they came to prominence in the 13th century Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Pope Gregory XV ( January 9 or January 15, 1554 – July 8, 1623) born Alessandro Ludovisi, was pope from 1621 succeeding Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Pope The Barberini are a family of the Italian nobility that rose to prominence in 17th century Rome. Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Pope Innocent X ( May 6, 1574 &ndash January 7, 1655) born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili) was Pope You may be looking for Eusebius Pamphili, or Eusebius of Pamphilius Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Pope Alexander VII ( February 13, 1599 &ndash May 22, 1667) born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from April 7, See the Albani article for other uses of that name Chigi-Albani is a Roman princely family of Sienese extraction Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Pope Clement IX ( January 28, 1600 &ndash December 9, 1669) born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 1667 to 1669 Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Pope Clement X ( July 13, 1590 &ndash July 22, 1676) born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29 Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Pope Innocent XI ( May 16 1611 &ndash August 12 1689) born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Pope Alexander VIII ( April 22 1610 &ndash February 1 1691) born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691 Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Pope Innocent XII ( March 13, 1615 &ndash September 27, 1700) born Antonio Pignatelli was Pope from 1691 to 1700 Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1721 ( MDCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Clement XI ( July 23, 1649 &ndash March 19, 1721) born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1721 ( MDCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1724 ( MDCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Innocent XIII ( May 13, 1655 &ndash March 7, 1724) was pope from 1721 until his death Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 1724 ( MDCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Benedict XIII ( February 2, 1649 &ndash February 21, 1730) born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is The Orsini family was one of the most celebrated princely families in medieval Italy and Renaissance Rome, and which in former times had large possessions Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap See Corsini for other uses of that name Pope Clement XII ( April 7, 1652 &ndash February 6, Corsini is the name of a Florentine princely family and its estates Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Pope Benedict XIV ( March 31, 1675 &ndash May 3, 1758) born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from August 17 Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Clement XIII ( Venice, March 7, 1693 &ndash February 2, 1769 in Rome) born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Clement XIV ( 31 October 1705 &ndash 22 September 1774) born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was Pope from The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv commonly known as the Conventual Franciscans, is a branch of the order of Roman Catholic Friars founded The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order
15 February 1775 to 29 August 1799		Pius VI	Papa Pius Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi	Cesena, Italy	Condemned the French Revolution and was expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Pius VI (December 27 1717 &ndash August 29 1799 born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Pope from 1775 to 1799 was born at Cesena. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
14 March 1800 to 20 August 1823		Pius VII, O.S.B.	Papa Pius Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Barnaba Chiaramonti	Cesena, Italy	Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Pope Pius VII, OSB (August 14 1740&mdashAugust 20 1823 born Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope from March 14 1800 to August This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Temporarily expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.

19th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
28 September 1823 to 10 February 1829		Leo XII	Papa Leo Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Count Annibale Sermattei della Genga	Fabriano, Marche, Italy
31 March 1829 to 1 December 1830		Pius VIII	Papa Pius Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni	Cingoli, Marche, Italy
2 February 1831 to 1 June 1846		Gregory XVI, O.S.B. Cam.	Papa Gregorius Sextus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari	Belluno, Veneto, Italy	The last non-bishop to be elected
16 June 1846 to 7 February 1878		Pius IX Blessed Pius IX	Papa Pius Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti	Senigallia, Marche, Italy	Opened First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Pope Leo XII ( August 22, 1760 – February 10, 1829) born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, was Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Pope Pius VIII ( November 20, 1761 &ndash December 1, 1830) born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, was Pope in 1829 and 1830 Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Pope Gregory XVI ( September 18 1765 &ndash June 1 1846) born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of The Camaldolese are part of the Benedictine family of Monastic communities which follow the way of life outlined in the Rule of St Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Blessed Pope Pius IX (May 13 1792 &ndash February 7 1878 born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16 1846 until 1878 The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope Pius IX by the bull Pastor Aeternus of June 29, 1868. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Longest serving pope in history (see note on St. Peter. While the term " Pope " ( Latin: papa "father'" is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders this title in English )
20 February 1878 to 20 July 1903		Leo XIII	Papa Leo Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci	Carpineto Romano, Latium, Italy	Laid down the seeds of Catholic Social Teaching through his encyclical, Rerum Novarum (On Capital and Labor) and supported Christian Democracy as against communism; he is the third-longest reigning pope after Pius IX (reigned for 31 years) and John Paul II (reigned for 26 years)

20th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
4 August 1903 to 20 August 1914		Pius X Saint Pius X	Papa Pius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto	Riese, Treviso, Veneto, Italy	Encouraged and expanded reception of Holy Communion. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Pope Leo XIII ( March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903) born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope Rerum Novarum (Translation Of New Things) is an Encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on May 16 1891. Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian (and often specifically Catholic) principles to public policy Blessed Pope Pius IX (May 13 1792 &ndash February 7 1878 born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16 1846 until 1878 Pope Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Saint Pius X ( Latin: Pius PP X) ( June 2, 1835 &mdash August 20, 1914) born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the Most recent pope to be canonized.
3 September 1914 to 22 January 1922		Benedict XV	Papa Benedictus Quintus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giacomo Della Chiesa	Genoa, Italy	Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Benedict XV ( Latin: Benedictus PP XV) (Benedetto XV ( November 21 1854 &ndash January 22 1922 born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa He is remembered by Pope Benedict XVI as "prophet of peace. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger "
6 February 1922 to 10 February 1939		Pius XI	Papa Pius Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti	Desio, Milan, Italy	Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, establishing the Vatican City as a sovereign state. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Pius XI ( Latin: Pius PP XI; Italian: Pio XI; May 31 1857 &ndash February 10 1939) born The Lateran Treaty is one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 or Lateran Accords, three agreements made in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory
2 March 1939 to 9 October 1958		Pius XII Venerable Pius XII	Papa Pius Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli	Rome, Italy	Invoked papal infallibility in encyclical Munificentissimus Deus. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Munificentissimus Deus ( Latin for "The most bountiful God " is the name of an Apostolic constitution written by Pope Pius XII
28 October 1958 to 3 June 1963		John XXIII Blessed John XXIII	Papa Ioannes Vicesimus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli	Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy	Opened Second Vatican Council; sometimes called "Good Pope John"
21 June 1963 to 6 August 1978		Paul VI Servant of God Paul VI	Papa Paulus Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini	Concesio, Brescia, Italy	The last pope to be crowned with the Papal Tiara. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope John (numberingBlessed The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Pope The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the ' Triregnum', and in Italian as the ' Triregno', is the three-tiered Concluded Second Vatican Council.
26 August 1978 to 28 September 1978		John Paul I Servant of God John Paul I	Papa Ioannes Paulus Primus, Episcopus Romanus	Albino Luciani	Forno di Canale (now Canale d'Agordo), Veneto, Italy	First Pope to use 'the First' in regnal name. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Pope John Paul I ( Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP I, Italian: Giovanni Paolo I) born Albino Luciani, ( October 17 1912 Canale d'Agordo (known as Forno di Canale until 1964 is a town in the Province of Belluno, in the region of Veneto, northern Italy. First pope with two names, for his two immediate predecessors.
16 October 1978 to 2 April 2005		John Paul II Servant of God John Paul II	Papa Ioannes Paulus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Karol Józef Wojtyła	Wadowice, Poland	First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Wadowice (Wadowitz is a Town in southern Poland, 50km from Kraków with 19200 inhabitants (2006 situated on the Skawa river confluence Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Canonized more saints than all predecessors. Longest serving Pope since Pius IX (1846-1878) and 2nd longest serving Pope to date (see note on St. Peter. Blessed Pope Pius IX (May 13 1792 &ndash February 7 1878 born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16 1846 until 1878 While the term " Pope " ( Latin: papa "father'" is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders this title in English ) He is fondly remembered as "Pope of the Youth" and as "the Pilgrim Pope" for his extensive official travel.

21st Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal name	Personal name	Place of birth	Notes
19 April 2005 to present		Benedict XVI	Papa Benedictus Sextus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Joseph Alois Ratzinger	Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany	First German pope since Pope Adrian VI in 1523 or Stephen IX in 1058. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Marktl, or often called Marktl am Inn ("Little Market on the Inn River " is a village and historic market municipality in the state of Bavaria Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Pope Adrian VI ( Utrecht, March 2, 1459 &ndash September 14, 1523) born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, son of Pope Stephen IX (c 1020 - March 29, 1058) was Pope from August 3, 1057 to March 1058 Oldest to become pope since Clement XII in 1730. See Corsini for other uses of that name Pope Clement XII ( April 7, 1652 &ndash February 6, First modern Pope from a predominantly non-Catholic country.

Ages of popes

Elected at an age between 11 and 18 Benedict IX Pope 1032-1044, 1045, 1047-1048

Elected at age 79 Clement X (born 1590) Pope from 1670 to 1676

Died at age 93 Leo XIII (born 1810) Pope from 1878 to 1903

Since 1400

† The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table. Pope Benedict IX (c 1012 &ndash 1055 1065 or 1085 born Theophylactus, was Pope from 1032 to 1044 again in 1045 and finally from 1047 to 1048 the only Pope Clement X ( July 13, 1590 &ndash July 22, 1676) born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29 Pope Leo XIII ( March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903) born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope John Paul I ( Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP I, Italian: Giovanni Paolo I) born Albino Luciani, ( October 17 1912 Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Pope Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Pope John (numberingBlessed Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Pius XI ( Latin: Pius PP XI; Italian: Pio XI; May 31 1857 &ndash February 10 1939) born Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Benedict XV ( Latin: Benedictus PP XV) (Benedetto XV ( November 21 1854 &ndash January 22 1922 born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Saint Pius X ( Latin: Pius PP X) ( June 2, 1835 &mdash August 20, 1914) born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Pope Leo XIII ( March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903) born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Blessed Pope Pius IX (May 13 1792 &ndash February 7 1878 born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16 1846 until 1878 Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Pope Gregory XVI ( September 18 1765 &ndash June 1 1846) born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Pope Pius VIII ( November 20, 1761 &ndash December 1, 1830) born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, was Pope in 1829 and 1830 Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Pope Leo XII ( August 22, 1760 – February 10, 1829) born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, was Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Pope Pius VII, OSB (August 14 1740&mdashAugust 20 1823 born Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope from March 14 1800 to August Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Pope Pius VI (December 27 1717 &ndash August 29 1799 born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Pope from 1775 to 1799 was born at Cesena. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Clement XIV ( 31 October 1705 &ndash 22 September 1774) born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was Pope from Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Clement XIII ( Venice, March 7, 1693 &ndash February 2, 1769 in Rome) born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Benedict XIV ( March 31, 1675 &ndash May 3, 1758) born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from August 17 Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common See Corsini for other uses of that name Pope Clement XII ( April 7, 1652 &ndash February 6, Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Pope Benedict XIII ( February 2, 1649 &ndash February 21, 1730) born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1724 ( MDCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Innocent XIII ( May 13, 1655 &ndash March 7, 1724) was pope from 1721 until his death Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1721 ( MDCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1724 ( MDCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Clement XI ( July 23, 1649 &ndash March 19, 1721) born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1721 ( MDCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pope Innocent XII ( March 13, 1615 &ndash September 27, 1700) born Antonio Pignatelli was Pope from 1691 to 1700 Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Pope Alexander VIII ( April 22 1610 &ndash February 1 1691) born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691 Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Pope Innocent XI ( May 16 1611 &ndash August 12 1689) born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Pope Clement X ( July 13, 1590 &ndash July 22, 1676) born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29 Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Pope Clement IX ( January 28, 1600 &ndash December 9, 1669) born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 1667 to 1669 Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Pope Alexander VII ( February 13, 1599 &ndash May 22, 1667) born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from April 7, Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Pope Innocent X ( May 6, 1574 &ndash January 7, 1655) born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili) was Pope Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Pope Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Pope Gregory XV ( January 9 or January 15, 1554 – July 8, 1623) born Alessandro Ludovisi, was pope from 1621 succeeding Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. For Napoleon's brother-in-law see Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Pope Leo XI ( June 2, 1535 &ndash April 27, 1605) born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from April 1 Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Not to be confused with Antipope Clement VIII. Pope Clement VIII ( February 24, 1536 &ndash March 3, 1605 Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Pope Innocent IX ( July 20, 1519 &ndash December 30, 1591) born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was Pope from October Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Pope Gregory XIV ( February 11, 1535  &ndash October 16, 1591) born Niccolò Sfondrati, was Pope from December Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Pope Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Pope Sixtus V ( December 13, 1521 &ndash August 27, 1590) born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590 Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Pope Gregory XIII (January 7 1502 &ndash April 10 1585 born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585 Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Pope Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Pope Pius IV ( March 31, 1499 &ndash December 9, 1565) born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565 Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Pope Paul IV ( June 28, 1476 &ndash August 18, 1559) né Giovanni Pietro Carafa, was Pope from May 23 Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Pope Marcellus II (6 May 1501 &ndash 1 May 1555 born Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi was Pope from 5 April 1555 succeeding Pope Julius III. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Pope Julius III ( September 10, 1487 &ndash March 23, 1555) born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw For the Antipope (1378&ndash1394 see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII ( May 26, 1478 &ndash September Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Pope Adrian VI ( Utrecht, March 2, 1459 &ndash September 14, 1523) born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, son of Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Pope Julius II (5 December 1443 &ndash 21 February 1513 born Giuliano Della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513 Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Pope Pius III ( May 29, 1439 &ndash October 18, 1503) born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Pope Alexander VI ( 1 January 1431 &ndash 18 August 1503) born Roderic Llançol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja ( Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Pope Innocent VIII (1432 &ndash July 25, 1492) born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo) was Pope from 1484 until his death Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Pope Sixtus IV ( July 21, 1414 &ndash August 12, 1484) born Francesco Della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484 Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Pope Paul II ( February 23, 1417 &ndash July 26, 1471) born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death in 1471 Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini ( Latin Aeneas Sylvius; October 18, 1405 &ndash August 14, 1464) Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Pope Calixtus III ( December 31, 1378 &ndash August 6, 1458) né Alfonso de Borja, was Pope from April Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. See also Antipope Nicholas V. Pope Nicholas V (Italian Niccolò V; November 15, 1397 &ndash March Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Pope Eugene IV (1383 &ndash February 23, 1447) born Gabriele Condulmer, was Pope from March 3, 1431, to his death Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Pope Martin V (c 1368 &ndash February 20, 1431) born Odo (or Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Pope Gregory XII (died October 18, 1417) born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415 succeeded Pope Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Pope Innocent VII, born Cosimo de' Migliorati (c 1336 &ndash November 6 1406 was briefly Pope at Rome from 1404 to his death during the Western Schism Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
‡ This pope resigned his office.