Citizendia

Dynasties of Pharaohs
in Ancient Egypt
Predynastic Egypt
Protodynastic Period
Early Dynastic Period
1st 2nd
Old Kingdom
3rd 4th 5th 6th
First Intermediate Period
7th 8th 9th 10th
11th (Thebes only)
Middle Kingdom
11th (All Egypt)
12th 13th 14th
Second Intermediate Period
15th 16th 17th
New Kingdom
18th 19th 20th
Third Intermediate Period
21st 22nd 23rd
24th 25th 26th
First Persian Period
Late Period
28th 29th 30th
Second Persian Period
Macedonian-Roman Period
Alexander the Great
Ptolemaic Dynasty
Roman Egypt
Arab Conquest

Contents

This article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3000 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC. Pharaoh is the title given in modern parlance to the ancient Egyptian kings of all periods Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now The Predynastic Period of Egypt (prior to 3100 BC is traditionally the period between the Early Neolithic and the beginning of the Pharaonic monarchy beginning with King The Protodynastic Period of Egypt (generally dated 3200 BC - 3000 BC) refers to the period of time at the very end of the Predynastic Period. The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt immediately follows the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt c The first dynasty of Ancient Egypt is often combined with the second dynasty under the group title Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. The Second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt is often combined with the First dynasty under the group title Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to that period in the 3rd millennium BCE when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement Third Dynasty The Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt is the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The fourth dynasty of Ancient Egypt is characterized as a Golden age of the Old Kingdom. The Third Fourth Fifth and Sixth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Old Kingdom. The Third Fourth Fifth and Sixth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the title " Old Kingdom " The First Intermediate Period is the name conventionally given by Egyptologists to that period in Ancient Egyptian history between the end of the Old The Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period The Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Eleventh dynasty of Ancient Egypt was one group of rulers whose earlier members are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period Thebes ( Thēbai) was a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean on the east bank of the river Nile ( The Middle Kingdom is the period in the history of Ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty The Eleventh dynasty of Ancient Egypt was one group of rulers whose earlier members are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Eleventh (all of Egypt Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Middle Kingdom. The Thirteenth Dynasty is one of the groupings of Pharaohs or rulers of Ancient Egypt. The Eleventh (all of Egypt Twelfth Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Middle Kingdom, though this dynasty The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when Ancient Egypt once again fell into disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period. The Fifteenth Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period. The Fifteenth Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period. The New Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in Ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and "Amarna period" redirects here For information on Amarna see Amarna The Eighteenth Dynasty (1550-1292 BC is perhaps the best known of The Eighteenth Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title New Kingdom. The Eighteenth Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title New Kingdom. The Third Intermediate Period refers to the time in Ancient Egypt from the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second Twenty-Third Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Third Intermediate The Twenty-First Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Third Intermediate The Twenty-third Dynasty of ancient Egypt was a separate regime of Meshwesh Libyan kings, who ruled Ancient Egypt. The Twenty-First Twenty-Second Twenty-Third Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Third Intermediate The twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth dynasties of Ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Third Intermediate The Saite or Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest (although others followed and had its capital at The Late Period of Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period from the 26th Saite Dynasty into Persian The Twenty-Eighth Dynasty is often combined with other groupings of rulers of Ancient Egypt under the title Late Period. Nepherites I founded the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (according to an account preserved in a Papyrus in the Brooklyn Museum) by The Thirtieth Dynasty of ancient Egypt followed Nectanebo I 's deposition of Nefaarud II, the son of Hakor. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family Ægyptus redirects here See Egypt Province for the province of the Ottoman Empire At the commencement of the Muslim conquest of Egypt Egypt was part of the Byzantine Empire with its capital in Constantinople. Pharaoh is the title given in modern parlance to the ancient Egyptian kings of all periods Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt immediately follows the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt c The 30th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar.

Note that the dates given must be regarded in most instances as approximate. Dating systems for Egyptian studies are quite various, depending on how they are constructed and what assumptions are used. The list of pharaohs presented below is one such interpretation, but it is assuredly not the only one.

Existing primary old lists of pharaohs

The texts of existing primary old lists of pharaohs are incomplete:

Archibald Sayce gave comparative data on several of these lists in his book The Ancient Empires of the East (1884)[1], in addition to the lists found in Herodotus, Diodorus, Eratosthenes, and even a fanciful list found in "the Arabic writers". The Rev Archibald Henry Sayce ( 25 September 1846 - 4 February 1933) was a pioneer Assyriologist and linguist, who held Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash Eratosthenes of Cyrene ( Greek; 276 BC - 194 BC was a Greek Mathematician, Poet, athlete, Geographer and Yet another fanciful list that does not appear in Sayce, is found in the Book of Sothis that George Syncellus attributed to Manetho. The Book of Sothis is a document known mainly through transmission by George Syncellus, purporting to have been written by the historian Manetho. George Syncellus (died after 810 was a Byzantine chronicler and ecclesiastic

Legendary period

In the texts of the Palermo, Turin and Manetho king lists, there are different versions of names of 8 god kings that ruled Egypt before Menes. Menes is the name of the Egyptian Pharaoh credited with founding the First dynasty, sometime around 3100 BC [2] Mesdahoma was the greatest pharaoh of them all, he was 17 years old when he became king.

Archaic period

The Archaic period includes the Early Dynastic Period, when Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt were ruled as separate kingdoms, and the First and Second Dynasties

Early dynastic: Lower Egypt

Lower Egypt, known as the Black Land, consisted of the northern Nile and the Nile Delta. The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt immediately follows the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt c Lower Egypt is the northern-most section of Egypt. It refers to the fertile Nile Delta region which stretches from the area between El-Aiyat and Zawyet Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر Sa'id Misr) is a narrow strip of land that extends from the cataract boundaries of modern-day Aswan to the area between The first dynasty of Ancient Egypt is often combined with the second dynasty under the group title Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. The Second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt is often combined with the First dynasty under the group title Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. Lower Egypt is the northern-most section of Egypt. It refers to the fertile Nile Delta region which stretches from the area between El-Aiyat and Zawyet The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river The following list may not be complete:

NameCommentsDates
Tiu[3]— ?
Thesh[3]— ?
Hsekiu[3]— ?
Wazner[3]—c. Tiu, also Teyew etc was a Predynastic Ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. Thesh, or Tjesh, Tesh etc was a Predynastic Ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. Hsekiu, also Seka, was a Predynastic Ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. Wazner, also Wazenez or Wadjenedj, was a Predynastic Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. 3100 BC?

Early dynastic: Upper Egypt

Upper Egypt, known as the Red Land, consisted of the southern Nile and the deserts. Events c 3100 BC — Narmer (Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country he rules this new country from Memphis Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر Sa'id Misr) is a narrow strip of land that extends from the cataract boundaries of modern-day Aswan to the area between A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. The following list may not be complete (there are many more of uncertain existence):

NameCommentsDates
Scorpion IOldest tomb at Umm el-Qa'ab had scorpion insigniac. Scorpion I was the first of two kings so-named of Upper Egypt during the Protodynastic Period. Umm el-Qa'ab (sometimes Umm el Ga'ab, أم القعاب is the necropolis of the Early Dynastic kings at Abydos, in Egypt. 3200 BC?
Iry-Horkingship uncertainc. Iry-Hor or Ro (as read by Petrie) was a Predynastic Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, although some archaeologists are doubtful of his existence 3150 BC?
Ka[4][5]—c. Ka, also Sekhem Ka, was a predynastic Pharaoh of Upper Egypt. 3100 BC
King ScorpionPotentially pronounced Serqet, but uncertain; possibly the same person as Narmer. Events c 3100 BC — Narmer (Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country he rules this new country from Memphis Narmer was an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled in the 31st century BC. c. 3100 BC
NarmerThe king who combined Upper and Lower Egypt. Events c 3100 BC — Narmer (Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country he rules this new country from Memphis Narmer was an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled in the 31st century BC. [6]c. 3100 BC

First Dynasty

The First Dynasty ruled from c. Events c 3100 BC — Narmer (Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country he rules this new country from Memphis The first dynasty of Ancient Egypt is often combined with the second dynasty under the group title Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. 3050 BC to 2890 BC. Events c 3100 BC — Narmer (Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country he rules this new country from Memphis The 29th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2900 BC to 2801 BC

NameCommentsDates
MenesPotentially the same person as Narmer, Hor-Aha, Serket II, or any combination of the three. Menes is the name of the Egyptian Pharaoh credited with founding the First dynasty, sometime around 3100 BC Narmer was an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled in the 31st century BC. Hor-Aha is considered the second Pharaoh of the first dynasty of Ancient Egypt in current Egyptology contingent upon identity
Hor-AhaArguably the unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt. Hor-Aha is considered the second Pharaoh of the first dynasty of Ancient Egypt in current Egyptology [7]c. 3050 BC
Djer—41 years
MerneithRegent for Den—
Djet—23 years
Den—14 to 20. Events c 3100 BC — Narmer (Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country he rules this new country from Memphis Djer is the second or third Pharaoh of the First dynasty of Egypt, which dates from approximately 3100 B Merneith ( Meritnit, Meryet-Nit or Meryt-Neith) was a consort, a Regent, and possibly the fourth Pharaoh of A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Djet, also known as Wadj, Zet, and Uadji (in Greek possibly the pharaoh known as Uenephes) c Den (or Dewen) was the fourth Egyptian king of the First dynasty. 1 years
Anedjib—10 years
Semerkhet—9 years
Qa'a—2916?–2890

Second Dynasty

The Second Dynasty ruled from 2890 to 2686 BC. As the fifth ruler of the First Dynasty, Anedjib is poorly known and fairly obscure from the monumental records Semerkhet was the sixth king of Ancient Egypt 's First Dynasty who ruled around 2950 BC Qa'a (also Qáa) was the last king of the First dynasty of Egypt. The 30th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC The 29th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2900 BC to 2801 BC The Second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt is often combined with the First dynasty under the group title Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. The 29th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2900 BC to 2801 BC The 27th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2700 BC to 2601 BC

NameCommentsDates
Hotepsekhemwy[8]—2890–?
Raneb[9]—39 years
Nynetjer[10]—40 years
Wneg[11]—8 years
Senedj[12]—20 years
Seth-Peribsen[13]—17 years
Sekhemib-Perenmaat—
Khasekhem(wy)[14][15] ?–2686 BC17 to 18 years

Old Kingdom

The Old Kingdom is the period in the third millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilisational complexity and achievement (the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods which mark the high points of civilization in the Nile Valley), spanning the period when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through the Sixth Dynasty (2630–2151 BC). Hotepsekhemwy, (in Greek known as Boethos) was the first king of the Second dynasty of Egypt. The 29th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2900 BC to 2801 BC Raneb was a Pharaoh during the Second dynasty of Egypt. The Egyptian priest Manetho, calls him Kaiechos and states that he ruled Egypt Nynetjer or Ninetjer was the third king of the Second dynasty of Egypt. Senedj was a Pharaoh of the Second dynasty of Egypt who ruled for 20 years Seth-Peribsen was a Pharaoh during the Second dynasty of Egypt who ruled for seventeen years Sekhemib-Perenmaat, a poorly attested Pharaoh of the Egyptian second dynasty, may have been the same individual also known as Peribsen, or more likely Khasekhemwy (d 2686 BC sometimes spelled Khasekhemui) was the fifth and final Pharaoh of the Second dynasty of Egypt. The 27th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2700 BC to 2601 BC The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to that period in the 3rd millennium BCE when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement Third Dynasty The Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt is the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The Third Fourth Fifth and Sixth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the title " Old Kingdom " The 27th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2700 BC to 2601 BC The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC Many Egyptologists also include the Memphite Seventh and Eighth Dynasties in the Old Kingdom as a continuation of the administration centralised at Memphis. This is a partial list of Egyptologists. An Egyptologist is any Archaeologist, Historian, linguist, or Art historian who specializes in The Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period Memphis was the ancient capitol of the first nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 2200 BC and The Old Kingdom was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period -- or, as the Egyptians called it, the "first illness. The First Intermediate Period is the name conventionally given by Egyptologists to that period in Ancient Egyptian history between the end of the Old "

The royal capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom was located at Memphis, where Djoser established his court. Memphis was the ancient capitol of the first nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 2200 BC and Netjerikhet or Djoser ( Turin King List "Dsr-it" Manetho "Tosarthros" is the best-known Pharaoh of the Third dynasty The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known, however, for the large number of pyramids which were constructed at this time as pharaonic burial places. A pyramid is a Building where the upper surfaces are triangular and converge on one point For this reason, the Old Kingdom is frequently referred to as "the Age of the Pyramids".

Third Dynasty

The Third Dynasty ruled from 2686 to 2613 BC. Third Dynasty The Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt is the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The 27th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2700 BC to 2601 BC The 27th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2700 BC to 2601 BC

NameCommentsDates
Sanakhte—2686-2668
Djoser[16][17]Had the Step Pyramid constructed by Imhotep[18]2668–2649
Sekhemkhet[19]—2649–2643
Khaba—2643–2637
Huni[20]—2637–2613

Fourth Dynasty

The Fourth Dynasty ruled from 2613 to 2498 BC and included the pharaohs who had the Great Pyramids built, Khufu (Cheops), Khafra (Chephren) and Menkaura (Mycerinus). Sanakht, generally identified with the Nebka of much later king lists was probably either the first or second Pharaoh of the Third Dynasty of Netjerikhet or Djoser ( Turin King List "Dsr-it" Manetho "Tosarthros" is the best-known Pharaoh of the Third dynasty The Pyramid of Djoser(Zoser, or step pyramid ( kbhw-ntrw in Egyptian) is an archeological remain in the Saqqara necropolis Egypt Imhotep (sometimes spelled Immutef, Im-hotep, or Ii-em-Hotep, circa ( fl Sekhemkhet was a Pharaoh in Egypt during the Third dynasty. According to the Manethonian tradition a king known as Tyris (which may be Khaba was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt 's Old Kingdom and is generally considered to have reigned near the end of the Third Dynasty. Huni was the last Pharaoh of Egypt of the Third dynasty. He established a fortress on the island of Elephantine, securing the southern border The fourth dynasty of Ancient Egypt is characterized as a Golden age of the Old Kingdom. The 27th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2700 BC to 2601 BC The 25th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2500 BC to 2401 BC The Egyptian pyramids are pyramid shaped structures located in Egypt, and were built as a tomb for dead pharaohs Khufu (in Greek known as Χέωψ Cheops; ˈkiɑps was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt 's Old Kingdom. Khafre also refers to a block cipher Khafra or Khafre ( Greek Χεφρήν, Chephren) Menkaura (or Men-Kau-Re Mycerinus in Latin; Mykerinos in Greek) was a Pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt (c

Nomen (Praenomen)CommentsDates
SneferuBuilt the Bent Pyramid, which is a pyramid built at a normal angle at the bottom but drastically changes at the top. Sneferu, also spelled as Snefru or Snofru (in Greek known as Soris) was the founder of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt, reigning The Bent Pyramid, located at the royal Necropolis of Dahshur, approximately 40 kilometres south of Cairo, of Old Kingdom Pharaoh Sneferu He also built the first "true" pyramid, known as the Red Pyramid. This article is about the pyramid For the Silent Hill monster see Pyramid Head. Some say that he was buried at the Red Pyramid, while others say that he was buried at the Bent Pyramid. Bones have been found at the Red Pyramid, but there is no evidence that this is Sneferu's body. 2613–2589
KhufuGreek form: Cheops. Khufu (in Greek known as Χέωψ Cheops; ˈkiɑps was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt 's Old Kingdom. Built the great pyramid of Giza. Note that Khufu is spoken of in early sources as being "third" of his family to rule, although there is no known record of a Pharaoh between Sneferu and Khufu. One supposition is that there might have been a very short reign of some elder brother of Khufu, whose inscriptions, name, and monuments have perished for one reason or another. 2589–2566
Djedefra (Radjedef)—2566–2558
KhafraGreek form: Chephren His pyramid is the second largest in Giza and has a sphinx as a monument built for him. Khafre also refers to a block cipher Khafra or Khafre ( Greek Χεφρήν, Chephren) 2558–2532
—here some authorities insert Bikheris, following Manetho—
MenkauraGreek form: Mycerinus. Manetho (or Manethon) was an Egyptian Historian and Priest from Sebennytos ( Ancient Egyptian: Tjebnutjer) who Menkaura (or Men-Kau-Re Mycerinus in Latin; Mykerinos in Greek) was a Pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt (c His pyramid is the third and smallest in Giza. 2532–2503
Shepseskaf–2503–2498
Djedefptah–—
here some authorities insert Thampthis, following Manetho–—

Fifth Dynasty

The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC. Shepseskaf was a son of Menkaure who succeeded his father on the throne Djedefptah is a shadowy figure whose existence is questionable The Third Fourth Fifth and Sixth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Old Kingdom. The 25th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2500 BC to 2401 BC The 24th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2400 BC to 2301 BC

NameCommentsDates
Userkaf—2498–2491
Sahure—2490–2477
Neferirkare Kakai—2477–2467
Shepseskare Isi—2467–2460
Neferefre—2460–2453
Nyuserre Ini—2453–2422
Menkauhor Kaiu—2422–2414
Djedkare Isesi—2414–2375
Unas—2375–2345

Sixth Dynasty

The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BC. Userkaf was the founder of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt and the first Pharaoh to start the tradition of building sun temples at Abusir. Sahure was the second king of Ancient Egypt 's 5th Dynasty. He was a son of queen Khentkaus I, who in her tomb at Giza, is said to have been Neferirkare Kakai was the third Pharaoh of Egypt during the Fifth dynasty. Shepseskare Isi, also spelt Shepseskare, (in Greek known as Sisiris) was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the Fifth dynasty, who is Neferefre (also called Raneferef) was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the Fifth dynasty. Nyuserre Ini, also spelt as Neuserre Izi or Niuserre Isi and sometimes Nyuserra (in Greek known as Rathoris) was a Pharaoh of Egypt during Menkauhor Kaiu, (in Greek known as Menkeris) was a Pharaoh of the Fifth dynasty during the Old Kingdom Djedkare Isesi in Greek known as Tancheres from Manetho 's Aegyptiaca, was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the Unas (also Wenis, Oenas, Unis, or Ounas) was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, and one of the rulers of the Old Kingdom The Third Fourth Fifth and Sixth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the title " Old Kingdom " The 24th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2400 BC to 2301 BC The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC

NameCommentsDates
Teti—2345–2333
Userkare—2333–2332
Pepi I Meryre—2332–2283
Merenre Nemtyemsaf I—2283–2278
Pepi II NeferkarePossible unto 2224 which would explain the following 4 kings. Teti was the first Pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt. He is also known (much less commonly as Othoes. Userkare ("The Soul of Ra is Strong" was the second king of the Sixth Dynasty. Pepi I Meryre (reigned 2332 &ndash 2283 BC was the third king of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt. Merenre Nemtyemsaf I (reigned 2283-2278 BC was the fourth king of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt. Pepi II (reigned c 2278 BC–c 2184 BC was a Pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty in Egypt's Old Kingdom. 2278–2184
NeferkaOnly mentioned in the redford. Neferka was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh ruling during the Sixth dynasty. Reigned during Pepi II; was possibly his son or co-reigner. 2200–2199
NeferReign of 2 years, 1 month and a day according to Turin Canon2197–2193
AbaReigned for 4 years and 2 months. Nefer was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh that ruled for two years one month and a day from 2197–2193 B Reign dates don't follow Turin Canon. Highly unlikely. 2193–2176
Unknown kingUnknown king attested here
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II[21]Uncertain pharaoh. Merenre Nemtyemsaef II was briefly Pharaoh of Egypt, likely succeeding his long-lived father Pepi II Neferkare. 2184
Neitiqerty SiptahThis king may have been confused in later years as a supposed female ruler Nitocris. The Ancient Egyptan king, Neitiqerty Siptah is an obscure successor to Merenre Nemtyemsaf II, towards the end of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt Nitocris ( Greek Νίτωκρις has been claimed to have been the last Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty. [22]2184–2181

First intermediate period

The First Intermediate Period is the period between the end of the Old Kingdom and the advent of the Middle Kingdom. The First Intermediate Period is the name conventionally given by Egyptologists to that period in Ancient Egyptian history between the end of the Old The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to that period in the 3rd millennium BCE when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement The Middle Kingdom is the period in the history of Ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty

The Old Kingdom rapidly collapsed after the death of Pepi II. The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to that period in the 3rd millennium BCE when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement Pepi II (reigned c 2278 BC–c 2184 BC was a Pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty in Egypt's Old Kingdom. He had reigned for 94 years, longer than any monarch in history, and died aged 100. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age.

The Union of the Two Kingdoms fell apart and regional leaders had to cope with the resulting famine. A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation

Around 2160 BC, a new line of pharaohs tried to reunite Lower Egypt from their capital in Herakleopolis Magna. The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC Lower Egypt is the northern-most section of Egypt. It refers to the fertile Nile Delta region which stretches from the area between El-Aiyat and Zawyet Herakleopolis Magna is the Greek name of the capital of the Twentieth nome (administrative division of Ancient Egypt. In the meantime, however, a rival line based at Thebes was reuniting Upper Egypt and a clash between the two rival dynasties was inevitable. Thebes ( Thēbai) was a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean on the east bank of the river Nile ( Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر Sa'id Misr) is a narrow strip of land that extends from the cataract boundaries of modern-day Aswan to the area between

Around 2055 BC, a descendant of the pharaoh Intef III defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs, reunited the Two Lands, founded the Eleventh Dynasty and ruled as Mentuhotep II, the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom. The 21st century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2100 BC to 2001 BC Intef III was a Pharaoh in Egypt of the Eleventh Dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. The Eleventh dynasty of Ancient Egypt was one group of rulers whose earlier members are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period Nebhotepre Mentuhotep II (2046 BC &ndash 1995 BC was a Pharaoh of the 11th dynasty, the son of Intef III of Egypt and a minor queen called Iah

Seventh and Eighth Dynasties (combined)

The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties ruled from 2181 to 2160 BC. The Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC (This table is based on the Abydos Table from the Temple of Seti I, taken from www.narmer.pl/main/abydos_en.html)

NameCommentsDates
Neferkara I-
Netjerkare-
Menkare-
Neferkare II-
Neferkara Nebi-
Djedkara Shemai-
Neferkara Khendu-
Some authorities place here Merenhor
Neferkamin Seneferka-
Nikara-
Neferkara Tereru-
Neferkahor-
Neferkara Pepyseneb-
Neferkamin Anu-
Qakare Ibi-
Neferkara II-
Neferkawhor Khuwihap-
Neferirkara-

Ninth Dynasty

The Ninth Dynasty ruled from 2160 to 2130 BC. Neferkara I was a king of Ancient Egypt, of uncertain position as no artifacts of his reign have been found Netjerkare may have been a king during the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt. Menkare may have been a king of the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt. Neferkare II may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Neferkare Neby may have been a king of the Seventh Dynasty of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Djedkare Shemai may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Neferkare Khendu may have been a seventh dynasty king of Ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Merenhor may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Neferkamin may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Nikare may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Neferkare Tereru may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Neferkahor may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Neferkare Pepiseneb may have been an eighth dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Neferkamin Anu may have been an eighth dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Qakare Ibi was an ancient Egyptian ruler of the 8th Dynasty. Qa-ka-Re (='strong is the soul of Re') Neferkaure II was an eighth dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. Neferkauhor was an eighth dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. For the better known Fifth dynasty pharaoh by this name see Neferirkare Kakai Neferirkare was an Eighth dynasty king of ancient Egypt The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC

NameCommentsDates
Meryibre Khety (Achthoes I)-2160– ?
Meribre Khety II- ?
Neferkare III- ?
Nebkaure (Acthoes II)- ?
Setut- ?
Wakhare Khety I- ?
Merykare- ?
Wankhare Khety II- ?
Menethoupe I- ?
Wankhare Khety III- ?
Khety II- ?
Khety II's daughter- ?
Merikare's daughter- ? –2130

Tenth Dynasty

The Tenth Dynasty was a local group that held sway over Lower Egypt that ruled from 2130 to 2040 BC. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. Neferkare III, sometimes numbered III VII VIII or IX is the third Pharaoh of the ninth dynasty of Ancient Egypt, c The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. The Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth and Eleventh (Thebes only Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title First Intermediate Period. Lower Egypt is the northern-most section of Egypt. It refers to the fertile Nile Delta region which stretches from the area between El-Aiyat and Zawyet The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC The 21st century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2100 BC to 2001 BC

NameCommentsDates
Meryhathor—2130– ?
Neferkare IV— ?
Wankare (Acthoes III)— ?
Merykare— ?
— Courtnie— ? –2040

Eleventh Dynasty

The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Upper Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. The Eleventh dynasty of Ancient Egypt was one group of rulers whose earlier members are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر Sa'id Misr) is a narrow strip of land that extends from the cataract boundaries of modern-day Aswan to the area between The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC The 20th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2000 BC to 1901 BC

NameCommentsDates
Mentuhotep I Tepy-a—
Sehertawy Intef I—2134–2117
Wahankh Intef II—2117–2069
Nakhtnebtepnefer Intef III—2069–2060

Middle Kingdom

The Middle Kingdom is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. Mentuhotep I was a local Egyptian prince at Thebes during the First Intermediate Period. Intef I was a local Egyptian ruler at Thebes, and a member of the Eleventh dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. Intef II was a Pharaoh of the Eleventh dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. Intef III was a Pharaoh in Egypt of the Eleventh Dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. The Middle Kingdom is the period in the history of Ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty The First Intermediate Period is the name conventionally given by Egyptologists to that period in Ancient Egyptian history between the end of the Old The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when Ancient Egypt once again fell into disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New In addition to the Twelfth Dynasty, some scholars include the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties in the Middle Kingdom. The Eleventh (all of Egypt Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Middle Kingdom. The Eleventh dynasty of Ancient Egypt was one group of rulers whose earlier members are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period The Thirteenth Dynasty is one of the groupings of Pharaohs or rulers of Ancient Egypt. The Eleventh (all of Egypt Twelfth Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Middle Kingdom, though this dynasty The Middle Kingdom can be noted for the expansion of trade outside of the kingdom that occurred during this time. This opening of trade eventually led to the downfall of the Middle Kingdom, induced by an invasion from the Hyksos. The Hyksos ( Egyptian heqa khasewet, "foreign rulers" Greek,, Arabic,) were an Asiatic people who invaded the eastern Nile

Eleventh Dynasty Continued

The second part of the Eleventh Dynasty is considered to be part of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. The Eleventh dynasty of Ancient Egypt was one group of rulers whose earlier members are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period

NameCommentsDates
Nebhetepre Mentuhotep II[23]Gained all Egypt 2040, Middle Kingdom begins. Nebhotepre Mentuhotep II (2046 BC &ndash 1995 BC was a Pharaoh of the 11th dynasty, the son of Intef III of Egypt and a minor queen called Iah 2060–2010
Sankhkare Mentuhotep III[24]—2010–1998
Nebtawyre Mentuhotep IV[25]—1997–1991

Twelfth Dynasty

The Twelfth Dynasty ruled from 1991 to 1802 BC, and is considered by later Egyptians to have been their greatest dynasty. Sankhkare Mentuhotep III of the Eleventh dynasty was Pharaoh of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom. Nebtawyre Mentuhotep IV was the last king of the 11th Dynasty The Eleventh (all of Egypt Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Middle Kingdom. The 20th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2000 BC to 1901 BC The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC

NameCommentsDates
Amenemhat I[26][27]—1991–1962
Senusret I[28] (Sesostris I)—1971–1926
Amenemhat II[29]—1929–1895
Senusret II[30] (Sesostris II)—1897–1878
Senusret III[31] (Sesostris III)Most powerful of the Middle Kingdom pharaohs. Amenemhat I, also Amenemhet I, was the first ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty (the dynasty debated to be the beginning of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt) Senusret I was the second Pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. Nubkhaure Amenemhat II was the third Pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, not much is known about his reign Khakeperre Senusret II was the fourth Pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. Khakhaure Senusret III (also written as Senwosret III or Sesostris III) was a Pharaoh of Egypt. 1878–1860
Amenemhat III[32]—1860–1815
Amenemhat IV[33]Had a co-regency lasting at least 1 year based on an inscription at Konosso. Amenemhat III, alt Amenemhet III, (c 1860 BC-1814 BC was a Pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. Amenemhat IV, alt Amenemhet IV, was Pharaoh of Egypt, likely ruling between ca 1815–1807
Sobekneferu[34]A rare female ruler. Sobeknefru (sometimes written " Neferusobek " was an Egyptian female pharaoh of the Twelfth dynasty. 1807–1803

Second intermediate period

The Second Intermediate Period is a period of disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom. The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when Ancient Egypt once again fell into disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New The Middle Kingdom is the period in the history of Ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty The New Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in Ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and It is best known as when the Hyksos made their appearance in Egypt, whose reign comprised the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties. The Hyksos ( Egyptian heqa khasewet, "foreign rulers" Greek,, Arabic,) were an Asiatic people who invaded the eastern Nile The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period. The Fifteenth Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period.

The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty, and was unable to hold onto the long land of Egypt. The Thirteenth Dynasty is one of the groupings of Pharaohs or rulers of Ancient Egypt. The Eleventh (all of Egypt Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Middle Kingdom. The provincial ruling family in Xois, located in the marshes of the western Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Fourteenth Dynasty. Xois ( Greek:, Strabo xvii p 802 Ptol iv 5 § 50, Steph B s v The Eleventh (all of Egypt Twelfth Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Middle Kingdom, though this dynasty

The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell ed-Dab'a/Khata'na). Sobekhotep IV Khaneferre was one of the most powerful Egyptian kings of the 13th Dynasty The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC Avaris ( Egyptian: ħt wʕrt Hatwaret, Greek: αυαρις Auaris) located at Tell ed-Dab'a, was the ancient capital of the The Hyksos, led by Salitis, the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, overran Egypt during the reign of Dudimose I. Salitis was the first Pharaoh of the Hyksos Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt, who began to rule Egypt around 1648 BC.

Around the time Memphis fell to the Hyksos, the native Egyptian ruling house in Thebes declared its independence and set itself up as the Seventeenth Dynasty. Memphis was the ancient capitol of the first nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 2200 BC and Thebes ( Thēbai) was a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean on the east bank of the river Nile ( The Fifteenth Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia

Thirteenth Dynasty

The Thirteenth Dynasty (following the Turin King List) ruled from 1803 to around 1649 BC and lasted 153 or 154 Yrs according to Manetho. The Thirteenth Dynasty is one of the groupings of Pharaohs or rulers of Ancient Egypt. The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon is an Hieratic Papyrus thought to date from thereign of Ramesses II, now in the Museo The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC This table should be contrasted with Known kings of the 13th Dynasty

NameCommentsDates
Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep or WegafFounded the 13th Dynasty. The Thirteenth Dynasty is one of the groupings of Pharaohs or rulers of Ancient Egypt. birth name Sobekhotep throne name Sekhemre Khutawy Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty and he is known from Khutawyre Wegaf (or Ugaf) was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty who is known from several sources including a stelae and statues His reign is attested by several Nile Records and Papyri. 1803–1799 4 yrs.
SekhemkareAmenemhat V Senebef, brother of Sekhemre Khutawy. birth name Amenemhat Senebef throne name Sekhemkare Amenemhat V Sekhemkare was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. 3 Yrs. —
Amenemhat—1795–1792
Sehetepre— ? –1790
Iufni— ?
Seankhibre— ?
Semenkare— ?
Sehetepre— ?
Sewadjkare— ?
Nedjemibre7 months ?
Sobekhotep I— ?
Renseneb4 monthsc. This article contains a list of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3000 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Semenkare (birth name Nebnun) was an Egyptian king (throne name Semenkare) of the 13th Dynasty. This article contains a list of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3000 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Sobekhotep I was an Egyptian king (throne name Khaankhre of the 13th Dynasty. Renseneb or Ranisonb was an Egyptian king (throne name so far unknown of the 13th Dynasty. 1775
Awybre Hor I?—c. Hor was an Egyptian King of the 13th Dynasty. He appears in the Turin King List as Au-ib-Rê 1775?
SedjefakareA well known king attested on numerous stelas and other documents. birth name Amenemhat Kay throne name Sedjefakare Sedjefakare Amenemhat was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty, known from the c. 5 to 7 yrs.
Sekhemre Khutawy SobekhotepCompare Wegafc. birth name Sobekhotep throne name Sekhemre Khutawy Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty and he is known from Khutawyre Wegaf (or Ugaf) was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty who is known from several sources including a stelae and statues 1767
KhendjerMinimum 4 yrs and 3 monthsc. Khendjer was an Egyptian king (throne name Userkare) of the 13th Dynasty. 1765
Imyremeshaw— ?
Antef V— ?
Sobekhotep III4 years and 2 monthsc. Imyremeshaw ( Egyptian: Overseer of troops) Smenkhkare was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty, who is known from the Turin King Antef V (throne name Sehetepkare was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty, known from the Turin King List, and a statue now in the Egyptian Museum Sobekhotep III (throne name Sekhemresewdjtawy was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty. 1755
Neferhotep I11 years1751–1740
Sobekhotep IV10 or 11 years1740–1730
Sobekhotep V—c. King Neferhotep I was an Egyptian king of the Thirteenth Dynasty and one of the most powerful kings of this dynasty Sobekhotep IV Khaneferre was one of the most powerful Egyptian kings of the 13th Dynasty Sobekhotep V was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. His birth name was Sobekhotep, and his throne was Khahotepre Sobekhotep V appears 1730
Wahibre Ibiau10 years & 8 monthsc. throne name Wahibre birth name Ibiau Wahibre Ibiau is an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty, who reigned for 10 years 8 months and 29 days according 1725–1714
Merneferre Ai23 years & 8 monthsc. Merneferre Ay (also spelled Aya or Eje) was an Ancient Egyptian ruler of the Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt. 1714–1691
Merhetepre Ini2 years & 2 months ?
Sankhenre Sewadtju— ?
Mersekhemre Ini— ?
Sewadjkare Hori— ?

The position of the following kings is uncertain:

NameCommentsDates
Dudimose I—c. Sewadjkare Hori is a Pharaoh of the Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt. 1654
Dudimose II— ?
Senebmiu— ?
Mentuhotep V— ?
Senaayeb— ?

Fourteenth Dynasty

The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Xois (Avaris), that ruled from around 1705 to around 1690 BC. Mentuhotep V was a Pharaoh of Egypt in the 13th dynasty. His prenomen was Sewedjara. The Eleventh (all of Egypt Twelfth Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Middle Kingdom, though this dynasty Xois ( Greek:, Strabo xvii p 802 Ptol iv 5 § 50, Steph B s v Avaris ( Egyptian: ħt wʕrt Hatwaret, Greek: αυαρις Auaris) located at Tell ed-Dab'a, was the ancient capital of the The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC

NameCommentsDates
Nehesy-c. 1705
Khakherewre ?- ?
Nebefawre-c. 1704
Sehebre ?- ?
Merdjefare-c. 1699
Sewadjkare ?- ?
Nebdjefare-c. 1694
Webenre ?- ?
 ?- ?
—djefare ?- ?
—webenre-c. 1690

The position of the following kings is uncertain:

NameCommentsDates
Sheshi[35]—
Yakubher[36]— ?

The Turin King List provides an additional 25 names, some fragmentary, and no dates. Maaibre Sheshi was a Pharaoh of Egypt during Egypt's fragmented Second Intermediate Period, Sheshi is difficult to precisely place chronologically Yaqub-Har (Other spellings Yakubher) also known as Yak-Baal was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the 17th or 16th dynasty BCE The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon is an Hieratic Papyrus thought to date from thereign of Ramesses II, now in the Museo None are attested to elsewhere, and all are of very dubious provenance.

Fifteenth Dynasty

The Fifteenth Dynasty arose from among the Hyksos people: desert Bedouins who emerged out of the Fertile Crescent to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile region, and ruled from 1674 to 1535 BC. The Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period. The Hyksos ( Egyptian heqa khasewet, "foreign rulers" Greek,, Arabic,) were an Asiatic people who invaded the eastern Nile The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously The Fertile Crescent is a Crescent -shaped region in the Middle East, originally incorporating the Levant and Ancient Mesopotamia, and often

NameCommentsDates
Salitis
Sakir-Har- ?
Khyan-30-40 Years
Apepi I-40 Years or more
Khamudi- ? -1535

Sixteenth Dynasty

The Sixteenth Dynasty was a local native kingdom from Thebes who ruled Egypt for between 80 and 100 years, according to Kim Ryholt. Salitis was the first Pharaoh of the Hyksos Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt, who began to rule Egypt around 1648 BC. The obscure Hyksos king Sakir-Har, was discovered in a recently excavated door jamb from Tell el-Dab'a of Ancient Egypt by Manfred Bietak Seuserenre Khyan Khian or Khayan was reportedly the fourth king of the Hyksos Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt who ruled approximately c Khamudi (also known as Khamudy) was the last Pharaoh of the Hyksos Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt, who came to power in the northern portion of Egypt The Fifteenth Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period. Kim S B Ryholt is a Danish Egyptologist, who works at the Carsten Niebuhr Institute ( Publications of Near Eastern Studies at the University of Copenhagen

NameCommentsDates
-name of the first king is lost here in the Turin King List, and cannot be recovered-
Djehuti (Sekhemresementawy)–3 yrs
Sobekhotep VIII (Sekhemreseusertawy)–16 yrs
Neferhotep III (Sekhemresankhtawy)–1 yr
Mentuhotep VI (Sankhenre)–1 yr
Nebiriau I (Sewadjenre)–26 yrs
Nebiriau II–
Semenre–
Bebiankh (Seuserenre)–12 yrs
(Sekhemre Shedwast)–
-The names of five kings are lost here in the Turin King List, and cannot be recovered. The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon is an Hieratic Papyrus thought to date from thereign of Ramesses II, now in the Museo Djehuti was also one of the names of the Ancient Egyptian god Thoth. Sobekhotep VIII was an Egyptian king during the 16th or 17th Theban dynasty of Egypt and is believed to be the successor of Djehuti according to Kim Ryholt Sekhemre Sankhtawy Neferhotep III was the third or fourth ruler of the Theban 16th Dynasty after Djehuti and Sobekhotep VIII. Sankhenre Mentuhotep VI was a Pharaoh of Egypt of the 16th or 17th Theban dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Nebiriau or Nebiryerawet I was a Pharaoh of Egypt of the 16th or 17th Theban dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Nebiriau II or Nebiryerawet was a king of the 16th or 17th Theban dynasty who ruled Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt Semenre was a poorly attested 16th dynasty Theban king during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt who succeeded the equally obscure Nebiriau II. Seuserenre Bebiankh was a native Ancient Egyptian king of the 16th Theban dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period and the successor of king Semenre Their identity is uncertain-

Some sources include as many as six more names –

Seventeenth Dynasty

The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BC:

NameCommentsDates
Rahotep Sekhemrewahkhau-1650- ?
Sobekemsaf I Sekhemreshedtawy-3 years
Intef VI Sekhemrewepmaat--
Intef VII Nebkheperre-
Intef VIII Sekhemreheruhirmaat--
Sobekemsaf II Sekhemrewadjkhau--
Tao I the Elder (ie: Senakhtenre)-c. The Fifteenth Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Second Intermediate Period. Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر Sa'id Misr) is a narrow strip of land that extends from the cataract boundaries of modern-day Aswan to the area between Rahotep (or more properly Rahotep Sekhenrewahkhaw) was an Egyptian king of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt, and ruled during the Second Intermediate Sobekemsaf I (or more properly Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf) was an Egyptian king of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt who reigned during the Second Sekhemrewepmaat Intef VI (or Antef VI) was an Egyptian king of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt, who lived during the Second Intermediate Period Nebkheperre Intef VII (or Antef) was an Egyptian king of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt at Thebes during the Second Intermediate Period, when Intef VIII (or Antef) Sekhemreherhermaat was an Egyptian king of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt, who ruled during the Second Intermediate Period Sobekemsaf II Sekhemrewadjkhaw was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the 17th Dynasty. Senakhtenre Tao I was a Pharaoh of Egypt of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. 1558
Tao II the Brave (Seqenenre)-c. Seqenenre Tao II, (also Sekenenra Taa called The Brave, ruled over the last of the local kingdoms of the 1558-1554
Kamose-1554-1549

New Kingdom

The New Kingdom is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period. Kamose was the last king of the Theban Seventeenth Dynasty. He was probably the son of Sekenenra Tao II and Ahhotep I and the full brother The New Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in Ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and "Amarna period" redirects here For information on Amarna see Amarna The Eighteenth Dynasty (1550-1292 BC is perhaps the best known of The Eighteenth Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title New Kingdom. The Eighteenth Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title New Kingdom. The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when Ancient Egypt once again fell into disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New The Third Intermediate Period refers to the time in Ancient Egypt from the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the

Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. It expanded far into Nubia in the south, and held wide territories in the Near East. This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية

Two of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism, and Ramesses II, who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. Akhenaten (often alt: Akhnaten, or rarely Ikhnaton) (In English ˌɑkəˡnɑtən or approximately "AHK-en-AHT-en" his royal name Amenhotep Alternative use the Aten asteroids named after 2062 Aten Aten (or Aton was the disk of the Sun in ancient Egyptian For the Celtic Frost album see Monotheist (album In Theology, monotheism (from Greek grc [[wiktμόνος μόνος]] "Israel/Palestine" (also "Israel-Palestine") was created originally as a politically neutral term used to refer to the geographical region of Palestine Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية His reconquest led to the Battle of Qadesh, where he led the Egyptian armies against the army of the Hittite king Muwatalli II. } The Battle of Kadesh (also Qadesh) took place between the forces of the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under Muwatalli II ( m NIRGÁL) was a king of the New kingdom of the Hittite empire (ca

Eighteenth Dynasty

The Eighteenth Dynasty ruled from 1550 to 1295 BC:

NameCommentsDates
Ahmose I, Ahmosis ISuccessor to Kamose, above. "Amarna period" redirects here For information on Amarna see Amarna The Eighteenth Dynasty (1550-1292 BC is perhaps the best known of See Amasis II for the 26th Dynasty pharaoh whose name sometimes appears as Ahmose II 1550-1525
Amenhotep I-1525-1504
Thutmose I-1504-1492
Thutmose II-1492-1479
Thutmose IIIOften called the "Napoleon of Egypt. Amenhotep I (sometimes read as Amenophis I and meaning " Amun is satisfied" was the second Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt Thutmose I (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis I) was the third Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. Thutmose II (sometimes read as Thutmosis, or Tuthmosis II and meaning Thoth is Born) was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Thutmose III (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis III and meaning Thoth is Born) was the sixth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. " Dominated early in his reign by his stepmother Hatshepsut; after she died, he began expanding Egyptian rule into the Levant. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the 1479-1425
HatshepsutThe second known female ruler, though quite possibly the seventh (the reigns of five other women are likely, but disputed). Hatshepsut (or Hatchepsut, hætˈʃɛpsʊt meaning Foremost of Noble Ladies, was the fifth Pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Recent evidence suggests she died of bone cancer[37]. 1473-1458
Amenhotep II-1425-1400
Thutmose IV-1400-1390
Amenhotep III The Magnificent KingHis name means Lord of the truth is Ra. Amenhotep II (sometimes read as Amenophis II and meaning Amun is Satisfied) was the seventh Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Thutmose IV (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis IV and meaning Thoth is Born) was the 8th Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Amenhotep III (sometimes read as Amenophis III meaning Amun is Satisfied was the ninth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty. He ruled Egypt at the peak of her glory, his mortuary temple was the largest ever built, but was destroyed by Rameses II to build his own temple. Thought to be the grandfather of Tutankhamun1390-1352
Amenhotep IV/AkhenatenFounder of brief period of monotheism (Atenism) His original name means "Amun is pleased. Akhenaten (often alt: Akhnaten, or rarely Ikhnaton) (In English ˌɑkəˡnɑtən or approximately "AHK-en-AHT-en" his royal name Amenhotep Atenism (or the Amarna heresy) is the earliest known if not well-documented Monotheistic religion associated above all with the eighteenth dynasty Amun, reconstructed Egyptian Yamānu (also spelled Amon, Amoun, Amen, and rarely Imen, Greek Ἄμμων "1352-1334
SmenkhkarePossible coregent with Akhenaten. Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare (sometimes spelled Smenkhare and Smenkare; meaning "Vigorous is the Soul of Ra " was a Pharaoh of the Akhenaten (often alt: Akhnaten, or rarely Ikhnaton) (In English ˌɑkəˡnɑtən or approximately "AHK-en-AHT-en" his royal name Amenhotep 1334-1333
NeferneferuatenFemale ruler; possibly Akhenaten's daughter Meritaten. Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten was a woman who reigned as Pharaoh toward the end of the Amarna era during the Eighteenth Dynasty. Meritaten also spelled Merytaten or Meryetaten ( 14th century BC) was an ancient Egyptian queen of the eighteenth dynasty, who held 1335-1333
Tutankhaten/TutankhamunCommonly believed to be the son of Akhenaten, probably reinstated the polytheistic religion and the name change reflects the change in primary deity from Aten to Amun. Polytheism is belief in or worship of multiple Gods (usually assembled in a pantheon) together with associated Mythology and Rituals 1333-1324
Kheperkheprure Ay-1324-1320
HoremhebFormer General and advisor to Tutankhamun. Ay was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt 's 18th dynasty. Horemheb was the last Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt 's 18th Dynasty from 1319 BC to late 1292 BC Obliterated images of the Amarna queens and kings (all except Amenhotep III and Tiye). 1320-1292

Nineteenth Dynasty

The Nineteenth Dynasty ruled from 1292 to 1186 BC and includes one of the greatest pharaohs: Rameses II the Great:

NameCommentsDates
Ramesses I[38]-1292-1290
Seti I[39]-1290-1279
Ramesses II the Great[40]The ruler usually associated with Moses; he reached a stalemate with the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh in 1275 BC, after which the earliest known peace treaty was signed in 1258 BC. The Eighteenth Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title New Kingdom. Menpehtyre Ramesses I (traditional English Ramesses or Ramses) was the founding Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt 's 19th dynasty. Menmaatre Seti I (also called Sethos I after the Greeks) was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt ( Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt) the son of Ramesses Moses ( Latin: Moyses,; Greek: grc Mωυσής in both the Septuagint and the New Testament; Arabic: ar موسىٰ Stalemate is a situation in Chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal moves The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established } The Battle of Kadesh (also Qadesh) took place between the forces of the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under A peace treaty is an agreement between two hostile parties usually countries or governments that formally ends an armed conflict 1279-1213
Merneptah[41]A stele describing his campaigns in Libya and Canaan contains the first known reference to the Israelites. Merneptah (or Merenptah) was the fourth ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. The Merneptah Stele (also known as the Israel Stele or Victory Stele of Merneptah) is the reverse of a large granite stele originally erected by the Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Canaanites redirects here For the 1940s social and political movement in Israel, see Canaanites (movement. See also History of ancient Israel and Judah According to the Bible, the Israelites were the dominant group living in the Land of Israel. 1213-1203
Amenemses-1203-1200
Seti II[42]-1203-1197
Merneptah Siptah[43]-1197-1191
TausretA rare female ruler also known as Tawosret in some places, she was probably the wife of Seti II. Amenmesse (also Amenmesses or Amenmose) was the 5th ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt, possibly the son of Seti II (or Sethos II) was the fifth ruler of the Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt and reigned from 1203 BC - 1197 BC Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merneptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the 19th Dynasty and the son of an obscure Queen named Sutailja of Asiatic origin Queen Twosret was the last known female king of Egypt of a local indigenous dynasty and the final Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty. [44]1191-1190

Twentieth Dynasty

The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1185 to 1069 BC:

NameCommentsDates
Setnakhte-1190-1186
Ramesses IIIFought the Sea Peoples in 1175 BC. The Eighteenth Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title New Kingdom. Userkhaure-setepenre Setnakhte (or Setnakht) was the first Pharaoh ( 1190 BC &ndash 1186 BC) of the Twentieth Dynasty of the Usimare Ramses III (also written Ramesses and Rameses) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last great The Sea Peoples is the term used for a confederacy of seafaring raiders of the second millennium BC who sailed into the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, caused political 1186-1155
Ramesses IV-1155-1149
Ramesses V-1149-1145
Ramesses VI-1145-1137
Ramesses VII-1137-1130
Ramesses VIII-1130-1129
Ramesses IX-1129-1111
Ramesses X[45]-1111-1107
Ramesses XI[46]Ended rule sharing power with High Priest of Amun Herihor ruling in the south and Smendes I ruling in the north, a period known as wehem mesut. Heqamaatre Ramesses IV (also written Ramses or Rameses) was the third Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Usermare Sekhepenre Ramesses V (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the fourth Pharaoh of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt and was the son Ramesses VI (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the fifth ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt who reigned from 1145 BC to 1137 BC Usermaatre Meryamun Setepenre Ramesses VII (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the sixth Pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt Usermare Akhenamun Ramesses VIII (also written Ramses and Rameses) or Ramesses Sethherkhepshef Meryamun ('Set is his Strength beloved of Amun' ( 1130 - Ramesses IX (also written Ramses) (originally named 'Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset' ( 1129 &ndash 1111 BC) was the eighth king of the Twentieth Khepermare Ramesses X (also written Ramses and Rameses) (ruled c Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned from 1107 BC to 1078 BC or 1077 BC and was the tenth and final king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt Herihor was an Egyptian army officer and High Priest of Amun at Thebes ( 1080 BC to 1074 BC) during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses Hedjkheperre Setepenre Smendes was the founder of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and succeeded to the throne after burying Ramesses XI in Lower Egypt &ndash The period of Ancient Egyptian history known as wehem mesut ( Manuel de Codage Transliteration: wHm msw [47]1107-1077

Third intermediate period

The Third Intermediate Period marked the end of the New Kingdom after the collapse of the Egyptian empire. The Third Intermediate Period refers to the time in Ancient Egypt from the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the The New Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in Ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab

Twenty-first Dynasty

The Twenty-first Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second Twenty-Third Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Third Intermediate Tanis (Τάνις the Greek name of ancient Djanet (modern صان الحجر Ṣān al-Ḥaǧar) is a city in the north-eastern Nile delta Theoretically, they were rulers of all Egypt, but in practice their influence was limited to Lower Egypt. They ruled from 1069 to 945 BC

NameCommentsDates
Nesbanebdjed I[48]Also known as Smendes I1077-1051
Amenemnisu-1051-1047
Psusennes I-1047-1001
Amenemope-1001-992
Osorkon the Elder- * ( Osochor )992-986
Siamun-986-967
Psusennes II-967-943

Twenty-second Dynasty

The pharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty were Libyans, ruling from around 945 to 720 BC:

NameCommentsDates
Shoshenq IThe biblical Shishaq943-922
Osorkon I-922-887
Shoshenq II-887-885
Takelot I-885-872
HarsieseA rebel, at Thebes880-860
Osorkon II-872-837
Shoshenq III-837-798
Shoshenq IV-798-785
Pami-785-778
Shoshenq V-778-740
Osorkon IV-740-720

Twenty-third Dynasty

The Twenty-third Dynasty was a local group, again of Libyan origin, based at Herakleopolis and Thebes that ruled from 836 to c. Events and trends 947 BC — Death of Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Hedjkheperre Setepenre Smendes was the founder of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and succeeded to the throne after burying Ramesses XI in Lower Egypt &ndash Hedjkheperre Setepenre Smendes was the founder of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and succeeded to the throne after burying Ramesses XI in Lower Egypt &ndash Neferkare Amenemnisu' was a Pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Psusennes I, or language|Greek] Ψουσέννης] Psibkhanno or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I language|Egyptian] ḥr-p3-sb3-ḫˁỉ--nỉwt Akheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder was the fifth king of the twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and was the first Pharaoh of Libyan extraction in Egypt Neterkheperre or Netjerkheperre-setepenamun Siamun was the sixth Pharaoh of Egypt during the Twenty-first dynasty. Titkheperure or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II language|Greek] Ψουσέννης] or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II language|Egyptian] ḥr-p3-sb3-ḫˁỉ--nỉwt The Twenty-First Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Third Intermediate Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Events and trends 947 BC — Death of Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I ( Egyptian ššnq) also known as Shishak, Sheshonk or Sheshonq I (for discussion of the spelling Shishak ( Hebrew: שישק Tiberian:) or Shishaq is the biblical Hebrew form of the first ancient Egyptian name of a Pharaoh mentioned The son of Shoshenq I and his chief consort Karomat A Sekhemkheperre Osorkon I was the second king of Egypt 's 22nd Dynasty and ruled around 922 BC-887 Heqakheperre Shoshenq II was an Egyptian king of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot I was a son of Osorkon I and Queen Tashedkhons who ruled Egypt for 13 Years according to Manetho. Hedjkheperre Setepenamun Harsiese or Harsiese A, is viewed by the Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen in his Third Intermediate Period in Egypt, to be both a "High Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon II was a Pharaoh of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and the son of Takelot I and Queen Kapes King Usermaatre Setepenre or Usimare Setepenamun Shoshenq III ruled Egypt's 22nd Dynasty for 39 years according to contemporary historical Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq IV ruled Egypt's 22nd Dynasty between the reigns of Shoshenq III and Pami. Usermaatre Setepenre Pami was an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled Egypt for 7 years Shoshenq V was the final king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt of Meshwesh Libyans which controlled Lower Egypt Osorkon IV was a ruler of Lower Egypt who was not a member of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt. The Twenty-third Dynasty of ancient Egypt was a separate regime of Meshwesh Libyan kings, who ruled Ancient Egypt. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Herakleopolis Magna is the Greek name of the capital of the Twentieth nome (administrative division of Ancient Egypt. Thebes may refer to one of the following places Thebes Greece, Boeotia Prefecture Ancient Thebes (Boeotia (gmy 𐀳𐀣 Events and trends 836 BC — Shalmaneser III of Assyria leads an expedition against the Tabareni. 735 BC:

NameCommentsDates
Takelot IIPreviously thought to be a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh, he is now known to be the founder of the 23rd837-813
PedubastA rebel—seized Thebes from Takelot II826-801
Iuput I-812-811
Shoshenq VISuccessor to Pedubast801-795
Osorkon IIISon of Takelot II- recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king795-767
Takelot III-773-765
Rudamun-765-762

The Libu

Not reckoned a dynasty as such, the Libu were yet another group of western nomads (Libyans) who occupied the western Delta from 805 to 732 BC. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot II Si-Ese was a Pharaoh of the Twenty-Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt in Middle and Upper Egypt Pedubastis I or Pedubast I (c 829 BC &ndash 804 BC) was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Thebes ( Thēbai) was a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean on the east bank of the river Nile ( Shoshenq VI is known to be Pedubast I 's immediate successor at Thebes based upon the career of the Letter Writer to Pharaoh Hor IX, who Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon III Si-Ese was the famous Crown Prince and High Priest of Amun Osorkon B son of Takelot II by his Great Royal Wife Usimare Setepenamun Takelot III Si-Ese was Osorkon III 's eldest son and successor Rudamun was the final Pharaoh of the Twenty-third dynasty of Ancient Egypt. The Libu ( R'bw, Ribou or Labu) were a tribe of Ancient Libyans first attested in ancient Egyptian texts from the Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of

NameCommentsDates
Inamunnifnebu-805-795
 ?-795-780
Niumateped-780-755
Titaru-763-755
Ker-755-750
Rudamon-750-745
Ankhor-745-736
Tefnakht-736-732

Twenty-fourth Dynasty

The Twenty-fourth Dynasty was a short-lived rival dynasty located in the western Delta (Sais), with only two Pharaoh ruling from 732 to 720 BC. Ker was the king of the Libyans. His rule lasted from 750 BC to 745 BC. Shepsesre Tefnakht (in Greek known as Tnephachthos) was a Libyan -descended prince of Saïs, Great Chief of the Meshwesh and Great Chief The Twenty-First Twenty-Second Twenty-Third Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Third Intermediate Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile

NameCommentsDates
Tefnakhte-732-725
Bakenrenef (Bocchoris)-725-720

Late period

The Late Period runs from 732 BC to Egypt becoming a province of Rome in 30 BC, and includes periods of rule by Nubians, Persians, and Macedonians. Shepsesre Tefnakht (in Greek known as Tnephachthos) was a Libyan -descended prince of Saïs, Great Chief of the Meshwesh and Great Chief Bakenranef (also known by the Greek form of his name Bocchoris) was a king of the Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt. The Late Period of Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period from the 26th Saite Dynasty into Persian Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most

Twenty-fifth Dynasty

Nubians invaded Egypt in 732 BC and took the throne of Egypt, establishing the Twenty-fifth Dynasty which ruled until 656 BC. This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of The twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth dynasties of Ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title Third Intermediate Events and trends Occupation begins at Maya site of Piedras Negras Guatemala.

NameCommentsDates
PiyeKing of Nubia; conquered Egypt in 20th year; full reign at least 24 years, possibly 30+ years752-721
Shabaka-721-707
ShebitkuSynchronism with Sargon II of Assyria establshes his accession date at 707/706 BC707-690
Taharqa-690-664
Tantamani664-653

They were ultimately driven back into Nubia, where they established a kingdom at Napata (656-590), and, later, at Meroë (590 BC-4th cent. Piye, (whose name was once transliterated as Piankhi) (d 721 BC was a Kushite king and founder of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt who ruled Egypt This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. Shabaka (or Shabaka Neferkare, 'Beautiful is the Soul of Re ' was a Kushite Pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, between Shebitku (or Shabatka was the third king of the twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt who ruled from (707/706 BC-690 BC according to Dan'el Kahn's most recent academic research Sargon II ( Akkadian Šarru-kinu "legitimate king" reigned 722 – 705 BC was an Assyrian king Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Taharqa was pharaoh of Egypt, and a member of the Nubian or Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt. Tantamani (Assyrian pronunciation identical to Tandaname or Tanwetamani ( Egyptian) or Tementhes (Greek (d Napata was a City on the west bank of the Nile River some 400 km north of Khartoum, the present capital of Sudan. Meroë ( Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: ar مرواه ar-Latn Meruwah) is the name of an ancient city on the east bank of the AD).

Twenty-sixth Dynasty

The Twenty-sixth Dynasty ruled from around 672 to 525 BC. The Saite or Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest (although others followed and had its capital at Events and trends 677 BC — Esarhaddon leads the Assyrian army against rebellious Arab tribes advances as far as the Brook of Egypt Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. [49]

NameCommentDates
Necho I-672 – 664 BC
Psamtik I-664 – 610 BC
Necho II-610 – 595 BC
Psamtik II-595 – 589 BC
Wahibre-589 – 570 BC
Ahmose II-570 – 526 BC
Psammetichus III-526 – 525 BC

Twenty-seventh Dynasty

Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and annexed by the Persians until 404 BC. Necho I (sometimes Nekau) (672 BC–664 BC was the Prince or Governor of the Egyptian city of Sais. Events and trends 677 BC — Esarhaddon leads the Assyrian army against rebellious Arab tribes advances as far as the Brook of Egypt Events and trends 669 BC: Ashurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria. Events and trends 669 BC: Ashurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria. Events and trends 619 BC — Alyattes becomes king of Lydia. 619 BC — Death of Zhou xiang wang, King of the Zhou Necho II (sometimes Nekau) was a king of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt (610 BC - 595 BC and the son of Psammetichus I by his Great Royal Events and trends 619 BC — Alyattes becomes king of Lydia. 619 BC — Death of Zhou xiang wang, King of the Zhou Events and trends 599 BC — Vardhamana Mahavira, last Tirthankar of Jainism is born Events and trends 599 BC — Vardhamana Mahavira, last Tirthankar of Jainism is born Events and trends 589 BC — Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt. Apries (Απριης is the name by which Herodotus (ii 161 and Diodorus (i Events and trends 589 BC — Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt. Events and trends 579 BC — Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as the sixth King of Rome. Amasis II (also Ahmose II) was a Pharaoh (570 BC - 526 BC of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt, the successor of Apries. Events and trends 579 BC — Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as the sixth King of Rome. Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Events By place Greece The Athenian leader Cleophon continues to urge resistance against the Peloponnesians but the situation The Achaemenid shahs were acknowledged as pharaohs in this era, forming a "Twenty-seventh" Dynasty:

NameCommentsDates
Cambyses II-525 – 521 BC
Smerdis the Usurper-522 – 521 BC
Darius I the Great-521 – 486 BC
Xerxes I the Great-486 – 465 BC
Artabanus the Hyrcanian-465 – 464 BC
Artaxerxes I Longhand-464 – 424 BC
Xerxes IIclaimant424 – 423 BC
Sogdianusclaimant424 – 423 BC
Darius II424 – 404 BC

Twenty-eighth Dynasty

The Twenty-eighth Dynasty lasted only 6 years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one Pharaoh:

NameCommentsDates
AmyrtaeusDescendant of the Saite pharaohs of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against the Persians404 – 398 BC

Twenty-ninth Dynasty

The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC:

NameCommentsDates
Nefaarud IAlso known as Nepherites398 – 393 BC
Psammuthes-393 BC
Hakor (Achoris)-393 – 380 BC
Nefaarud II-380 BC

Thirtieth Dynasty

The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule in 343 BC:

NameCommentsDates
Nectanebo IAlso known as Nekhtnebef380 – 362 BC
Teos of Egypt-362 – 360 BC
Nectanebo II-360 – 343 BC

Thirty-first Dynasty

Egypt again came under the control of the Achaemenid Persians. The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of Shah is an Iranian term for a Monarch (leader that has been adopted in many other languages The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Smerdis, Bardiya or Bardia (𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 Bardiya) was a son of Cyrus the Great whose name was allegedly usurped by an impostor a Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Darius I the Great (c 549 BC&ndash486 BC 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavahuš: "Possessing goodness" Having ascended to power amidst controversy and bloodshed Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Events By place Persian empire Egypt revolts against Persian rule Xerxes I of Persia was a King of Persia (reigned 485–465 BC of the Achaemenid dynasty. Events By place Persian empire Egypt revolts against Persian rule Events By place Persian empire King Xerxes I of the Persian Empire, together with his eldest son is murdered by one of his Ministers Artabanus the Hyrcanian was a Persian political figure during the Achaemenid Dynasty who was reportedly Regent of Persia for a few months (465 BC - 464 Hyrcania was the the name of a Satrapy located in the territories of present day Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and part of Turkmenistan Events By place Persian empire King Xerxes I of the Persian Empire, together with his eldest son is murdered by one of his Ministers Events By place Greece Sparta suffers the effects of a severe earthquake leading to a large loss of life Artaxerxes I (Latin Greek Ἀρταξέρξης Persian اردشیر یکم (Ardeshir corruption of Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎭𐎧𐎨𐏁𐎨 Artaxšacā Events By place Greece Sparta suffers the effects of a severe earthquake leading to a large loss of life Events By place Persian empire Xerxes II rules as King of Persia for only about 45 days until he is killed Xerxes II (Xšayāršā was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I. Events By place Persian empire Xerxes II rules as King of Persia for only about 45 days until he is killed Events By place Persian empire Ochus, Satrap of Hyrcania and son of Artaxerxes I and a Babylonian concubine Sogdianus, king of Persia (424-423 BC He is an obscure historical figure known primarily from the writings of Ctesias. Events By place Persian empire Xerxes II rules as King of Persia for only about 45 days until he is killed Events By place Persian empire Ochus, Satrap of Hyrcania and son of Artaxerxes I and a Babylonian concubine Darius II ( Dārayavahuš) originally called Ochus and often surnamed Nothus (from Greek νοθος meaning 'bastard' was king of the Events By place Persian empire Xerxes II rules as King of Persia for only about 45 days until he is killed Events By place Greece The Athenian leader Cleophon continues to urge resistance against the Peloponnesians but the situation The Twenty-Eighth Dynasty is often combined with other groupings of rulers of Ancient Egypt under the title Late Period. Events By place Greece The Athenian leader Cleophon continues to urge resistance against the Peloponnesians but the situation Events By place Sicily Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, breaks his peace treaty with Carthage and strikes at Carthaginian Amyrtaeus (or Amenirdisu) of Sais is the only king of the Twenty-eighth dynasty of Egypt and is thought to be related to the royal family of the Events By place Greece The Athenian leader Cleophon continues to urge resistance against the Peloponnesians but the situation Events By place Sicily Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, breaks his peace treaty with Carthage and strikes at Carthaginian Nepherites I founded the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (according to an account preserved in a Papyrus in the Brooklyn Museum) by Events By place Sicily Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, breaks his peace treaty with Carthage and strikes at Carthaginian Events By place Persian empire Persia forces the Athenians to withdraw their general Chabrias from Egypt. King Nepherites I, or Nefaarud I, founded the Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle and then executing him at Memphis Events By place Sicily Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, breaks his peace treaty with Carthage and strikes at Carthaginian Events By place Greece The Athenian general Conon and the Persian Satrap Pharnabazus sail to Psammuthes was an Egyptian Pharaoh of the Twenty-ninth dynasty during 393 BC Events By place Greece The Athenian general Conon and the Persian Satrap Pharnabazus sail to Hakor, or Akoris, was the Pharaoh of Egypt from 393 BC to 380 BC Events By place Greece The Athenian general Conon and the Persian Satrap Pharnabazus sail to Events By place Persian empire Persia forces the Athenians to withdraw their general Chabrias from Egypt. Nepherities II or Nefaarud II became Pharaoh of Egypt in 380 BC after the death of his father Hakor. Events By place Persian empire Persia forces the Athenians to withdraw their general Chabrias from Egypt. The Thirtieth Dynasty of ancient Egypt followed Nectanebo I 's deposition of Nefaarud II, the son of Hakor. Events By place Persian empire Persia forces the Athenians to withdraw their general Chabrias from Egypt. Events By place Persian Empire The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt Nectanabo (or more properly Nekhtnebef) was a Pharaoh of the Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt. Events By place Persian empire Persia forces the Athenians to withdraw their general Chabrias from Egypt. Events By place Persian Empire Mausolus of Caria joins the revolt of the Satraps of Anatolia against the Persian Teos was Pharaoh of Egypt between the years of 362 to 360 BC; he had been co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about Events By place Persian Empire Mausolus of Caria joins the revolt of the Satraps of Anatolia against the Persian Events By place Egypt With the help of King Agesilaus II of Sparta, Nectanebo II deposes Teos and becomes Nectanebo II (ruled 360 - 343 BC also known by the name Nakhthoreb, was the third and last king of the Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt and also the last native Events By place Egypt With the help of King Agesilaus II of Sparta, Nectanebo II deposes Teos and becomes Events By place Persian Empire The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of After the practice of Manetho, the Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the Thirty-first Dynasty:

NameCommentsDates
Artaxerxes IIIEgypt came under Persian rule for the second time343–338 BC
Artaxerxes IV ArsesOnly reigned in Lower Egypt338–336 BC
KhababashLeader of a Nubian revolt in Upper Egypt338–335 BC
Darius III CodomannusUpper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BC336–332 BC

Argead Dynasty

The Macedonians under Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. Manetho (or Manethon) was an Egyptian Historian and Priest from Sebennytos ( Ancient Egyptian: Tjebnutjer) who Events By place Persian Empire The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt Events By place Persian Empire The Persian King Darius III twice sends Alexander letters of friendship The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of Artaxerxes III of Persia ( Ca 425 BC &ndash 338 BC ( Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 transliterated as Artaxšaçrā) was the Great Events By place Persian Empire The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt Events By place Persian Empire The Persian general and Vizier, the Eunuch Bagoas, falls out of favour with Artaxerxes (Artaxšacā IV Arses, King of Persia between 338 BC and 336 BC Events By place Persian Empire The Persian general and Vizier, the Eunuch Bagoas, falls out of favour with Events By place Persian Empire The young king of Persia, Arses, objects to being controlled by Bagoas and attempts Khabash, also Khababash, resided at Sais in the fifth nome of Lower Egypt in the fourth century BC The Nubians (Arabic نوبي Nuubi are an ethnic group originally from northern Sudan, now inhabiting East Africa and some parts of Northeast Africa in southern Egypt Events By place Persian Empire The Persian general and Vizier, the Eunuch Bagoas, falls out of favour with Events By place Greece Returning to Macedonia by way of Delphi (where the Pythian priestess acclaims him "invincible" Darius III ( Artashata) (c 380&ndash330 BC Persian داریوش Dāriūš dɔːriˈuːʃ was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Events By place Greece Returning to Macedonia by way of Delphi (where the Pythian priestess acclaims him "invincible" Events By place Persian Empire The young king of Persia, Arses, objects to being controlled by Bagoas and attempts Events By place Persian Empire The Persian King Darius III twice sends Alexander letters of friendship Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC:

NameCommentsDates
Alexander III the GreatMacedon conquered Persia and Egypt332–323 BC
Philip III ArrhidaeusFeeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III the Great323–317 BC
Alexander IV of MacedonSon of Alexander III the Great and Roxana317–309 BC

Ptolemaic Dynasty

The second Hellenistic dynasty, the Ptolemies ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency):

NameCommentsDates
Ptolemy I SoterAbdicated in 285 BC; died in 283 BC305–285 BC
Berenice IWife of Ptolemy I ?-285 BC
Ptolemy II Philadelphos-288–246 BC
Arsinoe IWife of Ptolemy II284/81-ca. The Argead dynasty ( Ancient Greek:, the Argeads) was the ancient Greek ruling house of Macedon from about 700 Events By place Persian Empire The Persian King Darius III twice sends Alexander letters of friendship Events By place Asia Minor Ptolemy personally commands a fleet that captures the coastal regions of Lycia and Caria Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Events By place Persian Empire The Persian King Darius III twice sends Alexander letters of friendship Events By place Macedonian Empire 10 June — In Babylon, Alexander the Great dies ten days after being taken ill Philip III Arrhidaeus ( Greek:; ca 359 BC &ndash December 25, 317 BC king of Macedon from June 10 323 BC until his death was a son of King Philip Events By place Macedonian Empire 10 June — In Babylon, Alexander the Great dies ten days after being taken ill Events By place Macedonian Empire Seleucus joins Antigonus against Eumenes and recaptures Babylon. Alexander IV Aegus (in Greek, Ἀλέξανδρος Aἰγός &mdash 323&ndash309 BC was the son of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon Roxana ( Bactrian, Persian: Roshanak; Bactrian definition literally "luminous beauty" Persian definition "the dawn" was a Events By place Macedonian Empire Seleucus joins Antigonus against Eumenes and recaptures Babylon. Events By place Asia Minor Ptolemy personally commands a fleet that captures the coastal regions of Lycia and Caria This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family Events By place Seleucid Empire Seleucus establishes Seleucia on the Tigris River as his capital Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. For the astronomer see Ptolemy; for others named "Ptolemy" or "Ptolemaeus" see Ptolemy (disambiguation. Events By place Egypt June 26 - Egypt's Ptolemy I Soter abdicates Events By place Greece Following Demetrius Poliorcetes ' death in captivity as a prisoner of Seleucus, his son Antigonus Events By place Seleucid Empire Seleucus establishes Seleucia on the Tigris River as his capital Events By place Egypt June 26 - Egypt's Ptolemy I Soter abdicates Berenice I, daughter of Magas was first the wife of Philip an obscure Macedonian nobleman with whom she gave birth to the future Magas of Cyrene. Events By place Egypt June 26 - Egypt's Ptolemy I Soter abdicates Ptolemy II Philadelphus ( Greek:, Ptolemaĩos Philádelphos, 309 BC&ndash246 BC was the king of Ptolemaic Egypt from 283 BC to 246 BC Events By place Greece The Macedonian King Demetrius Poliorcetes, faces a combined attack from Lysimachus and Events By place Egypt Egypt's Ptolemy II dies and is succeeded by his son Ptolemy III. Arsinoe I ( 305 / 295 -? was queen of Egypt 284 / 1 -ca 274 BC and first wife of Ptolemy II of Egypt. Events By place Roman Republic The Gallic tribe called the Senones, who has settled on the Adriatic coast north of Events By place Asia Minor The Battle of Corupedium in Lydia is the last battle of the Diadochi, the rival successors 274 BC
Arsinoe IIWife of Ptolemy II277-270 BC
Ptolemy III Euergetes I-246–222 BC
Berenice IIWife of Ptolemy III244/3-222 BC
Ptolemy IV Philopator-222–204 BC
Arsinoe IIIWife of Ptolemy IV220-204 BC
HugronaphorRevolutionary Pharaoh in the South205-199 BC
AnkhmakisRevolutionary Pharaoh in the South199-185 BC
Ptolemy V EpiphanesUpper Egypt in revolt 207–186 BC204–180 BC
Cleopatra IWife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority193-176 BC
Ptolemy VI PhilometorDied 145 BC180–164 BC
Cleopatra IIWife of Ptolemy VI173-164 BC
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes IIProclaimed king by Alexandrians in 170 BC; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC. Events By place Greece Pyrrhus returns from Italy and Sicily and invades Macedonia driving Antigonus Arsinoe II (Greek Αρσινόη (316 BC-July 270 BC queen of Thrace and Macedonia and later co-ruler of Egypt with her brother and husband Ptolemy II Events By place Greece Antigonus crosses the Hellespont and defeats the Celts under the command of Cerethrius near Lysimachia Events By place Roman Republic Rome's subjugation of Italy is completed by the recapture of Rhegium (in southern Italy Ptolemy III Euergetes, ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs, reigned 246 BC&ndash222 BC was the third ruler Events By place Egypt Egypt's Ptolemy II dies and is succeeded by his son Ptolemy III. Events By place Roman Republic Mediolanum (modern Milan) stronghold of the Gallic tribe of the Insubres Berenice II (267 or 266 BC - 221 BC was the daughter of Magas of Cyrene and Queen Apama and the wife of Ptolemy III Euergetes I, the third ruler Events By place Greece Agis IV succeeds his father Eudamidas II as King of Sparta. Events By place Egypt Ptolemy III returns from Syria by a revolt in Egypt. Events By place Roman Republic Mediolanum (modern Milan) stronghold of the Gallic tribe of the Insubres Ptolemy IV Philopator ( Greek:, Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr, reigned 221-205 BC son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II of Egypt was Events By place Roman Republic Mediolanum (modern Milan) stronghold of the Gallic tribe of the Insubres Events By place Carthage Having lost his alliance with the Numidian chief Masinissa, the Carthaginian general Arsinoe III ( 246 BC or 245 BC - 204 BC was Queen of Egypt (220 - 204 BC Events By place Greece Together with fellow Illyrian Scerdilaidas, Demetrius of Pharos attacks Illyrian cities under Events By place Carthage Having lost his alliance with the Numidian chief Masinissa, the Carthaginian general Hugronaphor (also known as Hurganophor, Haronnophris, Harmachis, Hyrgonaphor, Herwennefer, or Horwennefer) was an Upper Events By place Seleucid Empire Returning via the Persian provinces of Arachosia, Drangiana, and Carmania Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus attacks the Insubres in Gaul, but loses Ankhmakis (or Ankhonnophris, Khaonnophris, Chaonnophris, or Ankmachis) was the second Pharaoh of the rebel 35th dynasty which controlled much Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus attacks the Insubres in Gaul, but loses Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Scipio Africanus and his brother Lucius are accused by Cato Ptolemy V Epiphanes ( Greek:, Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs, reigned 204 – 181 BCE) son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Gaius Claudius Nero fights an indecisive battle with the Carthaginian Events By place Roman Republic The rapid spread of the Bacchanalia cult throughout the Roman Republic, which it is claimed Events By place Carthage Having lost his alliance with the Numidian chief Masinissa, the Carthaginian general Events By place Greece After three years of intriguing against his younger brother Demetrius including accusing him of coveting the succession to Cleopatra I Syra (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Σύρα) c 204&ndash176 BC was a queen of Ptolemaic Egypt, the daughter of Antiochus Events By place Greece Eumenes II of Pergamum appeals to Rome for help against the Seleucid king Antiochus Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Tiberius Gracchus Major, subdues Sardinia, enslaving some of the Ptolemy VI Philometor ( Greek: grc Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr, ca Events By place Greece After three years of intriguing against his younger brother Demetrius including accusing him of coveting the succession to Cleopatra II (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα &mdash c 185&ndash116 BC was a queen (and briefly sole ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy Events By place Egypt Ptolemy VI Philometor marries his sister Cleopatra II. Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II ( Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs) (c Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια Events By place Greece In Thessaly, King Perseus of Macedon repulses a Roman army which is commanded by Aulus Hostilius Ptolemy VI Philometor ( Greek: grc Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr, ca Cleopatra II (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα &mdash c 185&ndash116 BC was a queen (and briefly sole ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy Died 116 BC171–163 BC
Ptolemy VI PhilometorEgypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BC–163 BC; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BC163-145 BC
Cleopatra IIMarried Ptolemy VIII; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of Egypt. Events By place Greece Epirus joins Macedonia in the latter's fight against Rome. Ptolemy VI Philometor ( Greek: grc Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr, ca Cleopatra II (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα &mdash c 185&ndash116 BC was a queen (and briefly sole ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy 163-127 BC
Ptolemy VII Neos PhilopatorProclaimed co-ruler by father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II145-144 BC
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes IIRestored145-131 BC
Cleopatra IIISecond wife of Ptolemy VIII142-131 BC
Ptolemy MemphitisProclaimed King by Cleopatra II; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII131 BC
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes IIRestored127-116 BC
Cleopatra IIIRestored with Ptolemy VIII; later co-regent with Ptolemy IX and X. Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator ( Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Néos Philopátōr) was an Egyptian king of the Ptolemaic Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II ( Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs) (c Cleopatra III ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα, 161&ndash101 BC was queen of Egypt 142&ndash101 BC Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II ( Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs) (c Cleopatra III ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα, 161&ndash101 BC was queen of Egypt 142&ndash101 BC 127-107 BC
Cleopatra IIReconciled with Ptolemy VIII; co-ruled with Cleopatra III and Ptolemy until 116. Cleopatra II (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα &mdash c 185&ndash116 BC was a queen (and briefly sole ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy 124-116 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter IIDied 80 BC116–110 BC
Cleopatra IVShortly married to Ptolemy IX, but was pushed out by Cleopatra III116-115 BC
Ptolemy X Alexander IDied 88 BC110–109 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter IIRestored109–107 BC
Ptolemy X Alexander IRestored107–88 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter IIRestored again88–81 BC
Berenice IIIForced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later81-80 BC
Ptolemy XI Alexander IIYoung son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice III80 BC
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes)Son of Ptolemy IX; died 51 BC80–58 BC
Cleopatra V TryphaenaWife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV ?-57 BC
Cleopatra VIDaughter of Ptolemy XII ?-58 BC
Berenice IVDaughter of Ptolemy XII; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but has him strangled58–55 BC
Ptolemy XII Neos DionysosRestored; reigned briefly with his daughter Cleopatra VII before his death55–51 BC
Cleopatra VIIJointly with her father Ptolemy XII, her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIV, and her son Ptolemy XV; also known simply as Cleopatra51–30 BC
Ptolemy XIIIBrother of Cleopatra VII51–47 BC
Arsinoe IVIn opposition to Cleopatra VII48-47 BC
Ptolemy XIVYounger brother of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII47–44 BC
Ptolemy XV CaesarionInfant son of Cleopatra VII; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra44–30 BC

Rome

Cleopatra VII had an affair with Roman Dictator Julius Caesar, and Roman General Marc Antony, but it wasn't until after her suicide in 30 BC (after Marc Antony was defeated by Octavian, who would later be the emperor Augustus) that Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC. Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros (" Chickpea " ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ Λάθυρος, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr Year 80 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Battle of the Baetis River — Democratic rebel Cleopatra IV was the daughter of Ptolemy VIII Physcon and Cleopatra III (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα which means "she who has a glorious father" Ptolemy X Alexander I ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος, Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros) was King of Egypt from 110 BC to Year 88 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome The Social War ends with the defeat of the Italian Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros (" Chickpea " ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ Λάθυρος, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr Ptolemy X Alexander I ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος, Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros) was King of Egypt from 110 BC to Year 88 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome The Social War ends with the defeat of the Italian Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros (" Chickpea " ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ Λάθυρος, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr Year 88 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome The Social War ends with the defeat of the Italian Year 81 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Sulla is appointed dictator Berenice III (120&ndash80 BC Greek: Βερενίκη) sometimes called Cleopatra Berenice, ruled as queen of Egypt from 81 to 80 BC and possibly Year 81 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Sulla is appointed dictator Year 80 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Battle of the Baetis River — Democratic rebel Ptolemy XI Alexander II (grc Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty who ruled Egypt for a Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix ( Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX (c Year 80 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Battle of the Baetis River — Democratic rebel Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos ( Ptolemaĩos Néos Diónusos Theós Philopátōr Theós Philádelphos) New Dionysus, God Beloved Year 51 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Marcus Claudius Marcellus Year 80 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Battle of the Baetis River — Democratic rebel Year 58 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα, born c Year 57 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther Cleopatra VI Tryphaena ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Τρύφαινα) was an Egyptian Ptolemaic queen Year 58 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus Berenice IV ( Greek: Βερενίκη) born in Alexandria, Egypt in 77 BC, died in Alexandria 55 BC, was the daughter of Ptolemy Year 58 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus Year 55 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Marcus Licinius Crassus and Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos ( Ptolemaĩos Néos Diónusos Theós Philopátōr Theós Philádelphos) New Dionysus, God Beloved Year 55 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Marcus Licinius Crassus and Year 51 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Marcus Claudius Marcellus Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC &ndash 30 BC was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt Year 51 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Marcus Claudius Marcellus Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Theós Philopátōr, lived 62 BC/61 BC– Year 51 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Marcus Claudius Marcellus Year 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Quintus Fufius Calenus, Arsinoe IV (ca 68/67 – 41 BC was the youngest daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes sister of Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra VII, and one of the last rulers Year 48 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar, Year 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Quintus Fufius Calenus, Ptolemy XIV ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος, Ptolemaĩos, who lived 60 BC/59 BC–44 BC and reigned 47 BC–44 BC was a son of Ptolemy XII of Year 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Quintus Fufius Calenus, Year 44 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar, nicknamed Caesarion (little Caesar Greek: Πτολεμαῖος ΙΕʹ Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ Καῖσαρ Year 44 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. For other uses see Love Affair or Scandal An affair may refer to a form of nonmonogamy, to Infidelity or to Adultery. Marcus Antonius (in Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N ( c January 14 83 BC&ndash August 1, 30 BC known in English as Mark Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Year 30 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Subsequent Roman Emperors were accorded the title of Pharaoh, although exclusively while in Egypt. See the list of Roman emperors. For a simplified list see Concise list of Roman Emperors. For more information see History of the Roman Empire.

See also

Notes & references

References

  1. ^ Dynastic Tables: Kings of Egypt
  2. ^ Problems with Manetho's "Reign of the Gods" Page with different versions of god king lists
  3. ^ a b c d Breasted (1909) p. For a general discussion see Egyptian chronology. For a similar list see List of Pharaohs. The creation of a reliable Chronology of Ancient Egypt is a task fraught with problems The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history as a unified state of any country in the world WikipediaPage size suggests not to divide this as it's a list The Greatest Pharaohs was a 1996 History Channel documentary about Ancient Egypt narrated by Frank Langella. 36
  4. ^ Rice (1999) p. 86
  5. ^ Wilkinson (1999) pp. 57f.
  6. ^ Shaw (2000) p. 196
  7. ^ Wilkinson (1999) pp70-71
  8. ^ Wilkinson (1999) pp. 83-84
  9. ^ Wilkinson (1999) p. 84
  10. ^ Wilkinson (1999) p. 79
  11. ^ Wilkinson (1999) pp 87-88
  12. ^ Pascal Vernus, Jean Yoyotte, The Book of the Pharaohs, Cornell University Press 2003, p. 27
  13. ^ [1] Seth-Peribsen
  14. ^ [2] King Khasekhem
  15. ^ [3] King Khasekhemwy
  16. ^ Toby Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, 1999, pp. 83 & 95
  17. ^ Toby Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt, pp. 79 & 258
  18. ^ Verner (2001)
  19. ^ Clayton (1994) p. 32
  20. ^ Clayton (1994) p. 42
  21. ^ Dodson & Hilton (2004) p. 73
  22. ^ Ryholt & Bardrum (2000) pp. 87–100.
  23. ^ Labib Habachi: King Nebhepetre Menthuhotep: his monuments, place in history, deification and unusual representations in form of gods. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte 19 (1963), p. 16-52
  24. ^ Grajetzki (2006) pp. 23-25
  25. ^ Grajetzki (2006) pp. 25-26
  26. ^ [4] Amenemhat I
  27. ^ Grajetzki (2006) pp. 28-35
  28. ^ Murnane (1977) p. 2
  29. ^ Murnane (1977) p. 7
  30. ^ Murnane (1977) p. 9
  31. ^ Josef Wegner, The Nature and Chronology of the Senwosret III–Amenemhat III Regnal Succession: Some Considerations based on new evidence from the Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos, JNES 55, Vol. 4, (1996), pp. 251
  32. ^ Grajetzki (2006) pp. 56-61
  33. ^ Amenemhat IV Maakherure (1807/06-1798/97 BCE). Digital Egypt for Universities.
  34. ^ Grajetzk (2006) pp. 61-63
  35. ^ Kings of the 2nd Intermediate Period
  36. ^ Kings of the 2nd Intermediate Period
  37. ^ Tooth clinches identification of Egyptian queen
  38. ^ Ramesses I Menpehtire. Digital Egypt. University College London (2001). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  39. ^ Sety I Menmaatre. Digital Egypt. University College London (2001). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  40. ^ King Ramesses II. Digital Egypt. University College London (2001). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  41. ^ King Merenptah. Digital Egypt. University College London (2001). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  42. ^ Sety II. Digital Egypt. University College London (2001). Retrieved on 2007-10-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
  43. ^ Siptah Sekhaenre/Akhenre. Digital Egypt. University College London (2001). Retrieved on 2007-10-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
  44. ^ Tausret.
  45. ^ Grimal (1992) p. 291
  46. ^ Ramesses XI Menmaatre-setpenptah. Retrieved on 2007-10-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine
  47. ^ Shaw (ed), Ian (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 309.  
  48. ^ Cerny p. 645
  49. ^ Late Period Kings. Retrieved on 2007-10-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.

Bibliography

External links

Miroslav Verner (born October 31, 1941 in Brno) is a Czech Egyptologist, who wrote the book The Pyramids, which is considered
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