The following is a complete list of creatures from the universe of ITV science fiction television series Primeval. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent Science fiction first appeared on Television during the Golden age of science fiction, first in Britain (UK and then in the United States Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. A number of them from the Walking with... series were reimagined for dramatic effect. The Walking with series (also known as the Trilogy of Life or Walking with Prehistoric Animals series is a collection of shows

Primeval creatures:		Top  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  Plants  See also  References  External links

A

Ammonite

Primeval creature
Ammonite
Home era	Unknown (presumably sometime during the Mesozoic)
First appearance	Episode 1
Number of fatalities caused	0
Returned to era	No. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Ammonites are an extinct group of marine animals of the subclass Ammonoidea in the class Cephalopoda phylum The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. Episode One was the first episode of ITV1 drama Primeval. Plot At nightfall a Gorgonopsid emerges from the Forest of Dean adjacent Died out of water.

Ammonites are a group of marine animals of the subclass Ammonoidea in the class Cephalopoda, phylum Mollusca. Ammonites are an extinct group of marine animals of the subclass Ammonoidea in the class Cephalopoda phylum The cephalopods ( Greek plural (kephalópoda "head-feet" are the Mollusc class Cephalopoda characterized by Ammonites' closest living relative is probably not the modern Nautilus (which they outwardly resemble), but rather the subclass Coleoidea (octopus, squid, and cuttlefish). Nautilus (from Greek ναυτίλος, 'sailor' is the common name of any marine creatures of the Cephalopod family Nautilidae, the sole The Squid are marine Cephalopods of the order Teuthida, which comprises around 300 species Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida belonging to the Cephalopoda class (which also includes Squid, Octopuses Their fossil shells usually take the form of planispirals, although there were some helically-spiralled and non-spiralled forms (known as "heteromorphs").

Many Ammonites lived in the open water of ancient seas, rather than at the sea bottom. Many of them are thought to have been good swimmers with flattened, discus-shaped, streamlined shells. Ammonites preyed on fish, crustaceans and other small creatures; while they themselves were preyed upon by marine reptiles.

Helen Cutter leaves ammonites as calling cards, on Nick's desk to prove she was alive and on Stephen's grave as an alternative to flowers. Calling Card is the sixth studio release by Irish singer/guitarist Rory Gallagher.

Agnurognathus

Primeval creature
Agnurognathus
Home era	Late Jurassic
Appears in	Episode 5
Number of fatalities caused	2
Returned to era	No. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Anurognathus is a Genus of small Pterosaur that lived approximately 155-140 million years ago during the late Jurassic Period ( The Late Jurassic (or Malm) Epoch of the Jurassic Period is the unit of geologic time from 161 Episode Five of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 10 March, 2007. Killed in a gas explosion.

Agnurognathus was a tiny pterosaur that had a short head with pin-like teeth for catching insects, and although it traditionally is ascribed to the long tailed pterosaur group, its tail was comparatively short, allowing it more maneuverability for hunting in woodland. ^[1] Agnurognathus lived in the Late Cretaceous period, 85 million years ago and had a wingspan of 50 cm (20 inches) and a 9 cm long body (skull included), it could not have weighed more than a few grams. Despite this they prove to be creatures of devastating violence. ^[2]

Agnurognathus live like a flying piranha fish, with an amazingly keen sense of smell able to detect blood from hundreds of feet away. A swarm can strip flesh from bones in minutes. They also swarm in huge flocks and overcome prey through weight in numbers. ^[2]

This fictional species of Agnurognathus evolved from the Jurassic species Agnurognathus ammoni which lived about 150 million years ago and had small needle like teeth for hunting insects. This evolved form has slicing teeth for taking lumps of flesh off large dinosaurs. ^[3] The creatures seen here were re-imagined from the ones in Walking with Dinosaurs by the producers for dramatic effect^[4]. Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part Television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK

Arthropleura

Primeval creature
Arthropleura
Home era	Carboniferous
First appearance	Episode 2
Number of fatalities caused	Two
Returned to era	2: Electrocuted 13: Killed in fight with other creatures

Arthropleura was a 2–3 metre (6–10 feet) long (about 20 feet long in the series) relative of centipedes and millipedes, native to the Upper Carboniferous of Britain and the United States. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Arthropleura was a 03–26  Metre (1–85  feet) long relative of Centipedes and Millipedes native to the Upper The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 Episode Two is an episode of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval. It was broadcast in the UK on February 17, 2007. Episode Two is an episode of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval. It was broadcast in the UK on February 17, 2007. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Centipedes (from Latin prefix centi-, "hundred" and Greek ποδός podos, " Foot " are Millipedes (Class Diplopoda, previously also known as Chilognatha are Arthropods that have two pairs of legs per segment (except for the first segment behind The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It was the largest known land invertebrate of all time and grew so large because of the high percentage of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere at that time. An invertebrate is an Animal lacking a Vertebral column. The group includes 98% of all animal Species — all animals except those in the Chordate Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 An atmosphere (from Greek ατμός - atmos, " Vapor " + σφαίρα - sphaira, " Sphere " A burrower, they have poor eye sight but have excellent sense of smell and touch. One appears in the second episode. Although not a carnivore, they have powerful pincers and venomous bite and can easily be provoked into attacking. ^[5]

Symptoms of Arthropleura poisoning include:

1. Uncontrolled shaking.
2. Anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is an acute systemic (multi-system and severe Type I Hypersensitivity allergic reaction in humans and other Mammals
3. Short term memory loss in recovered patients.

Once bitten the venom then begins to slowly attack the central nervous system, not so far removed from modern biochemistry as to be totally ineffective, and any enzyme inhibitor would be detrimental to an extent. In Vertebrates the central nervous system ( CNS) is the part of the Nervous system which is enclosed in the Meninges. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as However as the Arthropleura are detritus eaters they make no attempt to eat their victims. In Biology, detritus is non-living particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material

Fortunately the hospital staff discovered that the venom has a modern day equivalent, thus producing an anti-venom. Antivenin (or antivenom or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings This may come in useful as the Late Carboniferous Anomaly never appears to have closed, so more Arthropleura could potentially come through. The Pennsylvanian is a subperiod of the Carboniferous period lasting from roughly   to  Ma (million years ago ^[5]

The Arthropleura also reappeared in the series finale of series 2 as one of the many creatures captured by Leek. When the security system holding it failed, it ran amok, although how it had survived thus far without the carboniferous atmosphere that it needed to live, remains a mystery.

The Arthropleura also featured in the advertising campaign for the show, appearing in the The London Paper on the 16 February 2007. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Arthropleura portrayed here is different from the creatures seen in the fossil record, in addition to the Arthropleura in Walking with Monsters as well as in Prehistoric Park, re-imagined by the producers to make it scarier. Walking with Monsters (also distributed as Before the Dinosaurs Walking With Monsters or Walking with Monsters Life before Dinosaurs) is a three-part Prehistoric Park is a 6-episode Mini-series in documentary style from Impossible Pictures Limited, (the creators ^[4]

C

Coelurosauravus

Main articles: Rex (Primeval) and Coelurosauravus

Columbian Mammoth

Primeval creature
Columbian Mammoth
Home era	Pleistocene
First appearance	Episode 12
Number of fatalities caused	1
Returned to era	No

The Columbian Mammoth was one of the largest of the mammoth species and also one of the largest elephants to have ever lived, measuring 4 metres, or 13 feet, at the shoulder and weighing 9. Rex is a major recurring character from the ITV Science fiction Cult series Primeval. For the group of Theropod Dinosaurs see Coelurosauria. Coelurosauravus is a Genus of basal Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. The Columbian Mammoth ( Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of Elephant that appeared in North America (the present United States to as far south The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period Episode Twelve of the ITV scifi drama Primeval was broadcast February 16, 2008. A mammoth is any Species of the Extinct Genus Mammuthus. These Proboscideans are members of the elephant family and Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. 8 tons with tusks 5 metres, or 16 feet, long.

It was a herbivore, with a diet consisting of varied plant life ranging from grasses to conifers. Herbivory is a form of Predation in which an Organism, known as a herbivore, consumes principally Autotrophs ref name=Campbell>Campbell It has been estimated that a large male would have eaten approximately 700 pounds, or 318. 2 kilograms, of plant material daily.

The remains of Columbian Mammoths were discovered in the La Brea Tar Pits in California and this mammoth also lived in Mexico, where its remains are very common. La Brea Tar Pits (or Rancho La Brea Tar Pits) are a famous cluster of Tar pits located in Hancock Park in the urban heart of Los Angeles, California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. It was one of the last members of the Megafauna to become extinct, with several specimens dating only about 7,800 years ago.

The Mammoth appears in series two holding up traffic on the M25 motorway. As it desperately tries to make its way to the nearby trees, it completely destroys all the nearby cars. Using female Elephant urine, the team manage to lead it into a lorry trailer and trap it, taking it back to the Anomaly Center. Abby is seen feeding it, but Lester is interested in selling the tusks. After being chased through the ARC by a Future Predator Lester releases the Mammoth, which impales the controlled Future Predator on it's tusks. Lester then - jokingly - claims his children have been wanting him to get a pet. The mammoth is still presumably imprisoned in the ARC.

^[6]

D

Deinonychus

See Raptor.

Dodo

Primeval creature
Dodo
Home era	18th century
Appears in	Episode 4
Number of fatalities caused	0
Returned to era	Half killed by parasites, the other half returned

Dodos are flightless birds from the late Holocene. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. The dodo ( Raphus cucullatus) was a Flightless bird endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Episode Four of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 3 March, 2007. The Holocene is a Geological epoch which began approximately 10000 years ago (about 8000 BC The Dodo was found only on the islands of Mauritius. Related to pigeons and doves, they stand about a metre tall (three feet), weighing about 23 kg (50 pounds). Doves is an English Indie rock band which formed in Wilmslow, Cheshire, England, although most of their early gigs ^[7] Dodos have greyish plumage, a 23-centimetre (9-inch) bill with a hooked point, very small wings, stout yellow legs, and a tuft of curly feathers on its rear end. The sternum is insufficient to support flight; these ground-bound birds evolved to take advantage of an island ecosystem with no predators. They live on fallen fruit and in the Primeval Universe they exist in a symbiotic relationship with the Ambalacoque tree.

The name Dodo came from the Portuguese word doudo or doido, itself a loanword from Old English (cf. English "dolt"). ^[8] The name was given because the Dodo apparently never tried to run or escape when hunted hence they where traditionally regarded as stupid. The species was hunted to extinction during the 18th Century, shortly after the first arrival of people on the Dodo's native Mauritius. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Mauritius (pronounced məˈrɪʃəs L’île Maurice /il mɔ'ʁis/ Mauritian Creole: Maurice) officially the Republic of Mauritius, République ^[9]

They appeared in Episode Four. Episode Four of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 3 March, 2007. Nick Cutter quickly realizes they are just friendly and trusting, never having to deal with predators before. In reality they were as intelligent as any other bird. ^[10] The dodos are themselves harmless, but some carry deadly parasites. ^[11]

Dracorex

Primeval creature
Dracorex
Home era	Late Cretaceous
First appearance	Series 3

Dracorex was a species of pachycephalosaurid. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Dracorex is a Dinosaur Genus of the family Pachycephalosauridae from the Late Cretaceous of North America Dracorex is a Dinosaur Genus of the family Pachycephalosauridae from the Late Cretaceous of North America Pachycephalosauria (ˌpækɨˌsɛfələˈsɔriə Greek for 'thick headed lizards' is a Clade of Ornithischian Dinosaurs Well-known genera It comes through an anomaly and is being stalked by a deranged knight who mistakes the creature for a dragon (creator Tim Haines has confirmed this as quite a humorous and playful episode). The dragon is a Legendary creature of which some interpretation or depiction appears in almost every culture worldwide Tim Haines is a screenwriter and director who is best known for his work on the BBC popular science shows Walking with Dinosaurs, Walking with

E

Enteledont

Primeval creature
Entelodon
Home era	Oligocene
Appears in	"Extinction Event"

The description of the book "Extinction Event" claims that an Entelodont comes out of an anomaly and runs down Oxford Street causing loss of life and damage to property, an idea originally brought up by Tim Haines in the Behind the Scenes documentary for Walking with Beasts. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Entelodonts are an extinct Omnivorous, group of Mammals distantly related to modern Pigs and other non- ruminating Artiodactyls They The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene period and extends from about 33 Entelodonts are an extinct Omnivorous, group of Mammals distantly related to modern Pigs and other non- ruminating Artiodactyls They Oxford Street is a major thoroughfare in London, England in the City of Westminster. Tim Haines is a screenwriter and director who is best known for his work on the BBC popular science shows Walking with Dinosaurs, Walking with Walking with Beasts is a 2001 six-part Television documentary produced by the BBC in the United Kingdom, narrated by Kenneth

F

"Future bird"

Primeval creature
Future bird
Home era	Future
Appears in	"Shadow of the Jaguar"
Number of fatalities caused	1 (kills more with its control)
Returned to era	No. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. "Shadow of the Jaguar" is a spin-off book for the ITV Science fiction Cult series Primeval, written by Steven Savile Escapes into Plio-Pleistocene

In the Primeval spin-off novel "Shadow of the Jaguar", a bird from the future is found controlling a pack of Thylacosmilus with pheromones. The Plio-Pleistocene is an archaeological term that is coming into increasing use to describe a long and continuous run of dated sedimentary layers in Jakarta East Africa "Shadow of the Jaguar" is a spin-off book for the ITV Science fiction Cult series Primeval, written by Steven Savile The bird has a certain resemblance to the Incan god,Pacha Kamaq. The Inca Empire (or Inka Empire) was the largest empire in Pre-Columbian America. Pacha Kamaq ( Quechua, "Creator of the World" also Pacha Camac) was the deity worshipped in the city of Pachacamac by the Ichma. The team track it down to its lair in the ruins of an Incan temple in the Peruvian jungle. After they disrupt its control over the Thylacosmilus, the creature retreats through the anomaly with them seconds before it closes. Cutter later theorises to Lester the creature may have been seen later in history by the Incas and incorporated into their mythology.

"Future predator"

Main article: Future predator

Vicious future creatures referred to as "future predators" are Primeval's most recurring creatures, besides Rex, and are future descendants of bats. Future predators, sometimes shortened to just predators are fictional future creatures that appear in Episode 6, 12 and 13 of the

"Future shark"

Primeval creature
Future shark
Home era	Future
Appears in	Episode 10
Number of fatalities caused	0
Returned to era	No. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Episode 10 of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast on 2 February, 2008. Killed by the team.

In Episode 10 this creature was shot and then captured by Nick and his team who suspect it of killing a boy. Episode 10 of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast on 2 February, 2008. After examining the creature, Nick concludes it's probably the future evolution of the shark. Since no remains of the boy were found in the sharks stomach, and sharks typically take days to digest their prey, it didn't kill the missing boy.

The shark looks similar to some deep-sea sharks, but has a special adaption; a giant long tongue armed with sharp teeth that can be fired from the jaw like a harpoon.

Although Lester is convinced that with the future shark out of the way, the problem is solved, Nick still believes there's another future creature on the loose, which they find out to be another future creature, only known as the Mer.

Modern day tiger sharks have been found with litter in their stomachs, including plastic bags, tins and car registration plates. The tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, the fourth largest predatory Shark (after the Great white shark, Greenland shark, and Pacific A plastic bag or pouch is a type of flexible Packaging made of thin flexible plastic film Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 A vehicle registration plate is a metal or plastic plate attached to a Motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes The basketball and the shoe found in the future sharks stomach could be a reference to this. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m A shoe is an item of Footwear. Shoes may vary from a simple Flip-flop to a complex Boot.

Despite speculation that more Future Sharks would appear at the end of series 2, none were ever seen, possibly due to the enormous difficulties that would be faced with trying to capture and contain them.

G

Giant scorpion

See Silurian scorpion.

Giant spider

Primeval creature
Giant spider
Home era	Carboniferous
Appears in	Episode 2
Number of fatalities caused	1
Returned to era	Yes

The Giant Spiders are, despite appearances, not true spiders (order Araneae), but a species of Solifugae, a distinct arachnid order. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 Episode Two is an episode of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval. It was broadcast in the UK on February 17, 2007. Spiders are Predatory Invertebrate Animals that have two body segments, eight legs no chewing mouth parts and no wings Solifugae is an order of Arachnida containing more than 1000 described Species in about 140 genera. Arachnids are a class ( Arachnida) of joint-legged Invertebrate Animals in the subphylum Chelicerata. The name derives from Latin, and means those that flee from the sun.

The adults are up to 1 metre wide, by 1 metre long, because the lush rainforest of the Carboniferous saturates the atmosphere with oxygen, allowing them to grow larger than modern arthropods. Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " They have pincers instead of fangs - like the modern day camel spider, only much bigger. Solifugae is an order of Arachnida containing more than 1000 described Species in about 140 genera.

They also have long pedipalps, which function as sense organs similar to insects' antennae and give the appearance of the two extra legs. Pedipalps, are the second pair of Appendages of the Prosoma in the subphylum Chelicerata. Pedipalps terminate in reversible adhesive organs. They do not appear to make webs or produce venom but they nest in large groups and are very defensive of their offspring. ^[5]

A nest of them appears in the second episode and eventually it is discovered that they avoid light, and by using torches, all the Giant Spiders were driven back through the anomaly by the end of Episode Two. Episode Two is an episode of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval. It was broadcast in the UK on February 17, 2007. However the Late Carboniferous anomaly never completely closed, so unless the team assigned some Special Forces soldiers to guard it, more Giant Spiders could potentially come through. ^[5]

These creatures are based on fragmentary fossils which scientist thought was a 1 meter wide spider but this has just recently been reclassified as a type of scorpion. ^[3] The Giant Spiders also featured in the advertising campaign for the show. First on giant billboards on the 1 February 2007and again in the The London Paper on the 16 February 2007. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols The giant spider resembles the Mesothelae spider from Walking with Monsters

Giganotosaurus

Primeval creature
Giganotosaurus
Home era	Cretaceous
First appearance	Some time in Series 3

Giganotosaurus was a 45 ft Cretaceous carnivore, famous for being larger than the previously thought largest carnivore, Tyrannosaurus rex. The Mesothelae are a suborder of Spiders (Order Araneae that includes the extinct families Arthrolycosidae and Arthromygalidae and the only Extant Walking with Monsters (also distributed as Before the Dinosaurs Walking With Monsters or Walking with Monsters Life before Dinosaurs) is a three-part Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Giganotosaurus (meaning 'giant southern lizard' derived from the Ancient Greek gigas/γίγας meaning 'giant' notos/νότος The Cretaceous (kriːˈteɪʃəs, usually abbreviated 'K' for its German translation "Kreide" is a geologic period and system, reaching from the end of Giganotosaurus (meaning 'giant southern lizard' derived from the Ancient Greek gigas/γίγας meaning 'giant' notos/νότος Tyrannosaurus ( or, meaning 'tyrant lizard' is a Genus of Theropod Dinosaur. Giganotosaurus is set to appear in the third series^[12].

Gorgonopsid

Primeval creature
Gorgonopsid
Home era	Late Permian
First appearance	Episode 1
Number of fatalities caused	0
Returned to era	No. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Gorgonopsia ("Gorgon face" is a suborder of Therapsid Synapsids Their name is a reference to the Gorgons of Greek mythology Episode One was the first episode of ITV1 drama Primeval. Plot At nightfall a Gorgonopsid emerges from the Forest of Dean adjacent Hit by a car and then gunned down.

Gorgonopsia are a group of creatures that where at one time called "mammal-like reptiles", though in most current classification systems, they are not true reptiles, instead much more closely related to true mammals. Gorgonops (literally " Gorgon ' face" is the name given to an Extinct Genus of Therapsid Synapsids ('fused arch' also known as theropsids ('beast face' are a class of Animals that includes Mammals and everything closer to mammals than Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Their mammalian specializations include differentiated tooth shape, the fully developed temporal fenestra, pillar-like rear legs and even ear bones, as well as other traits associated with its mammalian descendants. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Arguments have even been made for synapsids of its time being endothermic. In Biology, a warm-blooded Animal species is one whose members maintain thermal Homeostasis; that is they keep their body temperature at a roughly constant

What’s really special about Gorgonopsids is their patience and implacability. Once they have smelt blood they have a tendency to pursue their prey at all costs. In fact it was this keen sense of smell that originally tempted it into the cold present, lured by the smell of humans and waste from a supermarket. ^[3] They then store their kills in trees like Leopards. The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring

They also appear to be resilient and long lived as one male Gorgonopsid was still defending the territory around the anomaly for at least eight years, even after suffering horrible injuries with after a fight with a future predator which apparently healed without much scarring. Future predators, sometimes shortened to just predators are fictional future creatures that appear in Episode 6, 12 and 13 of the ^[13] Due to the thick armour on their back, the only way to combat them with regular fire arms is to aim for their underside. ^[14]

This new species is a typical representative of the Gorgonopsia, It is distinguished from other species by a longer snout, and other details of the bones of the skull. Gorgonopsia ("Gorgon face" is a suborder of Therapsid Synapsids Their name is a reference to the Gorgons of Greek mythology It also has naked skin with short bristly hair rather than scales. The skin is the outer covering of living tissue of an animal (or plant In most biological nomenclature a scale ( Greek lepid, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an Animal This creature is based on Gorgonops longifrons found in the Karoo Basin in South Africa which was between 3 and 4 metres long and had eight centimetre sabres. ^[3]

H

Hesperonis

Primeval creature
Hesperornis
Home era	Late Cretaceous
Appears in	Episode 3
Number of fatalities caused	1
Returned to era	Presumably return

Hesperonis is an extinct genus of flightless aquatic birds that lived during the Late Cretaceous. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Hesperornis is an extinct Genus of flightless aquatic Birds that lived during the Santonian to Campanian sub-epochs of the Late Cretaceous (100mya - 65mya refers to the second half of the Cretaceous Period, named after the famous white Chalk cliffs of southern England Episode Three of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on February 24, 2007. The Cretaceous (kriːˈteɪʃəs, usually abbreviated 'K' for its German translation "Kreide" is a geologic period and system, reaching from the end of Hesperonis were very large birds, reaching up to 2 metres (6. 5 feet) in length. They had virtually no wings, swimming with powerful hind legs. Their toes were probably lobed rather than being webbed, as in today's grebes; like in these, the toes could rotate well, which is necessary to decrease drag in lobed feet but not in webbed ones such as in loons, where the toes are simply folded together. Grebes are members of the Podicipediformes order, a widely distributed order of freshwater diving birds some of which visit the sea when migrating The loons (eg North America or divers (eg UK/Ireland are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia

Like many other Mesozoic birds such as Ichthyornis, Hesperonis had teeth in its beak which were used to hold prey (most likely fish). The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. Ichthyornis is a Genus of Seabird from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Anatomy Stegosaurus --> Beaks can vary significantly in size and shape from species to species Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two In the hesperornithiform lineage they were of a different arrangement than in any other known bird (or in non-avian theropod dinosaurs), with the teeth sitting in a longitudinal groove rather than in individual sockets. Theropods (ˈθɪərəpɒd theropoda /θiːˈrɒpədə/ 'beast feet' are a group of Bipedal Saurischian Dinosaurs Although they were primarily ^[15]

They hunted in the waters of the North American Inland Sea which then were tropical waters, much warmer than today. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 They probably fed mainly on fish, their teeth were helpful in dealing with slippery or hard-shelled prey. Later as Nick Cutter swims through the anomaly he finds himself in a tropical sea with a flock of Hesperornis swimming around him. He later finds a Hesperonis rookery amongst the rocky shoreline. Two Hesperornis investigate, but Helen Cutter shoos them off by throwing small stones, and says that they "tend to be more dumb than violent, only attacking when they're in a panic or disturbed. "^[16]

Hesperonis is shown as being covered in scales when in real life, Hesperonis was likely covered in feathers. Also they were not able to stand upright or walk as the legs attached far at the back and sideways, with even the lower leg being tightly attached to the body. Thus, they were limited to sliding on their belly or galumphing. " Jabberwocky " is a Poem of Nonsense verse written by Lewis Carroll, originally featured as a part of his novel Through the Looking-Glass ^[17]

I

"Insect"

Primeval creature
"Insect"
Home era	Future
Appears in	Episode 21[18]

ITV launched a competition for a viewer to design a creature, which will be judged by the creators and then put into the show for Series 3. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. The winner was 16-year old Carim Nahaboo from Essex^[18], whose creature was a large predatory insect from the future which, as Carim described, "evolved from carnivorous beetles, such as the tiger beetle"^[19]. Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common The tiger beetles are a large group of Beetles known for their predatory habits The creature can fly and run fast over long distances, and lived in future jungles^[19] . The name of the insect was not revealed.

M

Mammoth

See Columbian Mammoth.

Mer

Main article: Mer (Primeval)

Mer-creatures are a vicious aquatic future predator. Mers are a fictional creature from the ITV Science fiction series Primeval.

Millipede

Primeval creature
Millipede
Home era	Silurian
Appears in	Episode 11
Number of fatalities caused	0
Returned to era	Yes

The Silurian period is shown as being home to not only giant scorpions, but also millipedes which roam in groups across the sand. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician period about 443 Episode Eleven of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast on 9 February, 2008. The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician period about 443 They prefer to hide in the sand but may emerge if they are frightened by a predator. These millipedes are likely to be the staple food source for the Giant Scorpions. It is possible that Arthropleura evolved from this millipede.

One entered the present era briefly but was returned back into the past.

Mosasaur

Primeval creature
Mosasaur
Home era	Late Cretaceous
Appears in	Episode 3
Number of fatalities caused	1
Returned to era	killed in the past by another mosasaur

Mosasaurs were serpentine marine reptiles and ferocious predators. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Mosasaurs (from Latin Mosa meaning the ' Meuse river ' in the Netherlands and Greek sauros meaning 'lizard' were serpentine marine Late Cretaceous (100mya - 65mya refers to the second half of the Cretaceous Period, named after the famous white Chalk cliffs of southern England Episode Three of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on February 24, 2007. Mosasaurs were not dinosaurs but evolved from semi-aquatic squamates known as the aigialosaurs, close relatives of modern-day monitor lizards. Squamata (scaled reptiles is the largest recent order of Reptiles including Lizards and Snakes Members of the order are distinguished by ^{[20] [21]} Mosasaurs breathed air and were powerful swimmers that were well-adapted to living in the warm, shallow epicontinental seas prevalent during the Late Cretaceous Period. Mosasaurs are intensely territorial and cannibals, and the only meetings between two Mosasaurs that don’t end in violence occur when the Mosasaurs in question are of opposite sexes, and there is the possibility of mating. ^[16]

The skull was more robustly built than other mosasaurs, as the mandibles articulated very tightly with the skull. The mandible (from Latin mandibula, "jawbone" or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower Jaw and holds the lower teeth in place It had a deep, barrel-shaped body, and with its fairly large eyes, poor binocular vision, and poorly developed olfactory bulbs, experts believe that Mosasaurus lived near the ocean surface, where it preyed on fish, turtles, ammonites as well as smaller Mosasaurs. Because of its robust skull and tightly articulating jaws, Mosasaurus was unable to swallow prey-items whole in the manner of earlier mosasaurs, such as Tylosaurus. Instead, with the aid of its curved, knife-like teeth, Mosasaurus was able to tear its prey into more manageable pieces that could be more easily swallowed.

The Mosasaur was shown to have an armored crocodile-like body, but in reality it would have been smooth-skinned and streamlined, and covered in more lizard- or snake-like scales. Also it swallowed the lifeguard whole even though its jaw and enlarged neck muscles were evolved to tear and rip prey apart.

P

Parasite

Primeval creature
Parasite
Home era	17th century
Appears in	Episode 4
Number of fatalities caused	1, although another was infected and presumably cured
Returned to era	No. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Episode Four of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 3 March, 2007. Died due to lack of oxygen in a glass with no holes.

This previously undiscovered species is a cestoid^[11] Parasite, up to 30 centimeters long and weighing up to 70 grams from the late Holocene. The Parasites belong to the group Taeniidae^[22] which are distinguished from the other families of the order Cestoidea by having a distinct head, furnished with four suctorial discs. Taeniidae is an important family of Worms It includes many Tapeworms of medical and veterinary importance as Taenia solium Tapeworm is also an older name for a type of Computer virus. Cestoda is a class of Parasitic Flatworms commonly called ^[11]

They feed off the nutrients in the bloodstream of its host, destroying the internal organs in the process. It then burrows into the brain of the carrier and manipulates it for the benefit of the Parasite. The Parasite causes the host to become aggressive. The bite of the host serves to spread the Parasite's eggs, which are released into the saliva, to a new host. ^[11]

Symptoms of Parasite infection include:

1. Drooling.
2. Fear of Light.
3. Increased strength and aggression.
4. Vomiting.
5. Variations in skin pigmentation and discoloration of the iris. The iris consists of Pigmented Fibrovascular tissue known as a stroma.

The mature Parasites eventually kill the host and themselves as part of their reproductive cycle. Each individual has male and female reproductive structures in its proglottid and can reproduce independently. Tapeworm is also an older name for a type of Computer virus. Cestoda is a class of Parasitic Flatworms commonly called Any warm blooded creature is an acceptable host, even humans.

Pristichampsus

Primeval creature
Pristichampsus
Home era	Palaeocene
Appears in	Episode 14[23]
Number of fatalities caused	TBA
Returned to era	TBA

In an interview with Adrian Hodges and Tim Haines, they announced the third season would introduce a new creature known as the Pristichampsus. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Pristichampsus ("saw crocodile" is an extinct genus of Crocodylian that grew to approximately three metres (10 ft in length The Paleocene or Palaeocene, "early dawn of the recent" is a geologic epoch that lasted from 65 Adrian Hodges is a British television and film Writer. His debut was the 1991 television drama Tell Me That You Love Me, followed by screenplays Tim Haines is a screenwriter and director who is best known for his work on the BBC popular science shows Walking with Dinosaurs, Walking with He described it as a "bit souped-up for our show - bigger, more powerful, all that sort of stuff" and "a running crocodile, he's also quite bipedal". It seems to be based on the real fossil crocodilian genus Pristichampsus, of which one species (P. Pristichampsus ("saw crocodile" is an extinct genus of Crocodylian that grew to approximately three metres (10 ft in length rollinatii) was facultatively bipedal. ^[24][12] Pristichampsus has a vague similarity to Ammit, a figure from Ancient Egyptian mythology, which may attract new character Sarah Page, Egyptologist. In Egyptian mythology, Ammit (also spelt Ammut, Ammet, Amam, Amemet and Ahemait) was the personification of Divine Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now This is a partial list of Egyptologists. An Egyptologist is any Archaeologist, Historian, linguist, or Art historian who specializes in The series' creators have also confirmed it will be found in the Thames river and then destroy a kitchen^[23]. The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. For the Banana Yashimoto novel see Kitchen (novel A kitchen, is a room or part of a room (sometimes called "kitchen

Pteranodon

Primeval creature
Pteranodon
Home era	Late Cretaceous
First appearance	Episode 5
Number of fatalities caused	1
Returned to era	Yes

Pteranodon was a large Pterosaur, notable for its skull crest. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Pteranodon (tɨˈrænədɒn from Greek πτερ- "wing" and αν -οδων "toothless" from the Late Cretaceous ( Late Cretaceous (100mya - 65mya refers to the second half of the Cretaceous Period, named after the famous white Chalk cliffs of southern England Episode Five of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 10 March, 2007. For other meanings see Pterodactyl (disambiguation. Pterosaurs (ˈtɛrəsɔr from the Greek πτερόσαυρος pterosauros These may have been used as mating displays, or it might have acted as a rudder, or perhaps both; also, it may have acted as a counterweight to the large beak. In Biology, mating is the pairing of opposite- Sex or hermaphroditic Organisms for copulation and in Social animals also to raise their A rudder is a device used to steer a Ship, Boat, Submarine, Hovercraft, or other conveyance that move through a fluid (generally air or Despite its huge size, at 9 metres, Pteranodon is not the biggest of the pterosaurs, creatures like Quetzocoatlus could reach 13m. ^[3]

It could, like the modern-day albatross, glide by navigating through thermals because the Pteranodon had a high aspect ratio (wingspan to chord length) similar to that of the albatross — 9:1 for Pteranodon, compared to 8:1 for an albatross, but was also fully capable of powered flight). Albatrosses, of the biological family Diomedeidae, are large Seabirds allied to the procellariids, Storm-petrels and Diving-petrels The aspect ratio of a Shape is the ratio of its longer Dimension to its shorter dimension In reference to Aircraft, chord refers to the distance between the leading edge and trailing edge of a Wing, Horizontal stabilizer or Vertical stabilizer ^[25][26]

In Episode 5, a Pteranodon appears from an anomaly above a golf course. A golf course consists of a series of holes each consisting of a Teeing ground, Fairway, rough and other hazards and a green with a pin and cup all designed for It then apparently attacks Connor and Rex. After some chasing, Connor and Rex jump down a hill as the Pteranodon swoops and flies away above them. It was assumed that this creature was responsible for the death of a golfer earlier. Later Stephen discovers that its diet contains fish and small reptiles but no human remains, proving that it did not kill the golfer and the real killer is still out there. This also proves that it was trying to catch Rex, not kill Connor. ^[2]

Also, a Pteranadon appears in Episode 8 attacking Helen Cutter after she steals one of its eggs, though this is unrelated to the events of the episode. " Episode Eight " of the ITV sci-fi drama ''Primeval'' was broadcast on 19 January, 2008. ^[27]

Pterosaur

Primeval creature
Pterosaur
First appearance	Episode 3 (mentioned)
Number of fatalities caused	N/A
Returned to era	N/A Never entered the present. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. For other meanings see Pterodactyl (disambiguation. Pterosaurs (ˈtɛrəsɔr from the Greek πτερόσαυρος pterosauros Episode Three of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on February 24, 2007.

Pterosaurs are sometimes referred to in the popular media as dinosaurs, but this is incorrect. The term "dinosaur" is properly restricted to a certain group of terrestrial reptiles with a unique upright stance (superorder Dinosauria), and therefore excludes the pterosaurs, as well as the various groups of extinct aquatic reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs. Terrestrial animals are Animals that live predominantly or entirely on land as compared with Aquatic animals which live predominantly or entirely in the water (e Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Ichthyosaurs ( Greek for 'fish lizard' - ιχθυς / ichthyos meaning 'fish' and σαυρος / sauros meaning 'lizard' were giant Plesiosaurs (ˈpliːziəˌsɔɹ ( Greek: plesios/πλησιος meaning 'near' or 'close to' and sauros/σαυρος meaning Mosasaurs (from Latin Mosa meaning the ' Meuse river ' in the Netherlands and Greek sauros meaning 'lizard' were serpentine marine

In Episode Three, Nick Cutter travels through an underwater anomaly and finds himself in a Cretaceous tropical sea, 75 million years ago. As he comes ashore and puts his scuba down on the beach he observed several Pterosaurs, at a distance, flying and feeding over the costal waters. ^[16]

Predator

See Future predator.

R

Raptor

Primeval creature
Raptor
Home era	Early Cretaceous
First appearance	Episode 7
Number of fatalities caused	3
Returned to era	7: One returned, one cannibalised, another decapitated 13: Killed in fight

Raptors are bipedal carnivores with a long, stiffened tail and had an enlarged, sickle-shaped claw on each hindfoot, which is thought to have been used to kill their prey. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. RAPTOR ( R econnaissance A irborne P od TOR nado is a reconnaissance pod used by the Royal Air Force on its fleet of Tornado GR The Early Cretaceous ( timestratigraphic name or the Lower Cretaceous ( logstratigraphic name is the earlier of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous Episode 7 of the ITV sci-fi drama ''Primeval'' was broadcast in the UK on January 12, 2008. Episode 7 of the ITV sci-fi drama ''Primeval'' was broadcast in the UK on January 12, 2008. ^[28] It appears to have been based on species Deinonychus. Deinonychus (daɪˈnɒnikəs ( Greek δεινος, 'terrible' and ονυξ/ονυχος, 'claw' was a Genus of carnivorous They can be distinguished from other dromaeosaurids by its long and low skull, with an upturned snout. Deinonychus was large for a dromaeosaurid.

Raptors lived and hunted in packs. ^[29] It was one of only four species, along with the future predators, worms and giant spiders where juvenile specimens have been seen. Future predators, sometimes shortened to just predators are fictional future creatures that appear in Episode 6, 12 and 13 of the Juvenile Raptors display morphological differences such as the arms, which were proportionally longer than those of adults. ^[30] The parents appear to invest little care in their young and are likely to forget the offspring is theirs if separated for too long, often resulting in cannibalism, although it was not confirmed that the cannibal Raptor was a parent and may have just been a rogue. Cannibalism (from Spanish es ''caníbal'' in connection with cannibalism among the Antillean Caribs, also called anthropophagy (from Greek ἄνθρωπος Raptors are shown as being covered in scales with a small crest of protofeathers that can be raised up like hackles when attacking.

The identity of the raptors has been convoluted. While the first news entry claim the species is Velociraptor, ^[31] the official ITV site claims it is a Deinonychus, and the Primeval site claims in to be Utahraptor. Velociraptor (vɨˈlɒsɨræptɚ meaning 'swift thief' 'swift plunderer' or 'swift bird of prey' is a Genus of Dromaeosaurid theropod Utahraptor (meaning " Utah 's predator" The Type specimen is currently housed at the College of Eastern Utah, although Brigham Young This is the only non-avian dinosaur to appear in the series so far. Primevals raptors hold a certain resemblance to Jurassic Park IIIs Velociraptor, and a scene where Helen Cutter is dragged around a corner and Nick asking to shoot it could be a reference to the opening scene of the original Jurassic Park film. Jurassic Park III is a 2001 and the third film of the ''Jurassic Park'' film series. Velociraptor (vɨˈlɒsɨræptɚ meaning 'swift thief' 'swift plunderer' or 'swift bird of prey' is a Genus of Dromaeosaurid theropod Jurassic Park is a 1993 Science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the novel of the same name by Michael

S

Sabre-tooth cat

See Smilodon and Thylacosmilus.

Sarcopterygian

Primeval creature
Sarcopterygian
First appearance	Episode 1 (mentioned)
Number of fatalities caused	0
Returned to era	No

Sarcopterygians are a group of prehistoric fish which are traditionally classed as lobe-finned fish, which in the real world include the modern day lungfish and the coelacanth, Latimeria. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Sarcopterygii (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh and πτερυξ pteryx, fin is traditionally the class of lobe-finned Fishes consisting Episode One was the first episode of ITV1 drama Primeval. Plot At nightfall a Gorgonopsid emerges from the Forest of Dean adjacent Sarcopterygii (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh and πτερυξ pteryx, fin is traditionally the class of lobe-finned Fishes consisting Lungfish are freshwater fish belonging to the Subclass Dipnoi. Coelacanth (ˈsiːləkænθ adaptation of Modern Latin Cœlacanthus > cœl-us + acanth-us from Greek κοῖλ-ος + ἄκανθ-α) is the common name for Coelacanth (ˈsiːləkænθ adaptation of Modern Latin Cœlacanthus > cœl-us + acanth-us from Greek κοῖλ-ος + ἄκανθ-α) is the common name for These are bony fish with paired rounded fins. The fin-limbs of Sarcopterygiians are so like the expected ancestral form of tetrapod limbs that they have been universally considered the direct ancestors of land vertebrates. ^[32]

Sarcopterygians have modified cosmoid scales, which are thinner than true cosmoid scales, which can only be found on extinct fish. Coelacanths also have a special electroreceptive device called a rostral organ in the front of the skull, which probably helps in prey detection.

One fossilised member of this group appears in the first episode, Cutter explaining that this specimen appears in the fossil record at a time when it should have been extinct for 70 million years, and the fact that a live one appeared in the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface This suggests that there has been at least one anomaly in the distant past, and one outside of Britain. ^[14] This was later confirmed in the Primeval spin-off novel "Shadow of the Jaguar", although its canoncity is questionable. "Shadow of the Jaguar" is a spin-off book for the ITV Science fiction Cult series Primeval, written by Steven Savile

Scutosaurus

Primeval creature
Scutosaurus
First appearance	Episode 1
Number of fatalities caused	0
Returned to era	Episode 1: Yes 13: No. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Scutosaurus ("Shield Reptile" was a genus of armor-covered Pareiasaur, perhaps as much as 3 Episode One was the first episode of ITV1 drama Primeval. Plot At nightfall a Gorgonopsid emerges from the Forest of Dean adjacent Episode One was the first episode of ITV1 drama Primeval. Plot At nightfall a Gorgonopsid emerges from the Forest of Dean adjacent Killed in fight

Scutosaurus was a genus of armour-covered Permian period pareiasaur, loosely related to the turtles. The Pareiasaurs - family Pareiasauridae - are a group of medium-sized to large herbivorous Anapsid Reptiles that flourished during the Its genus name refers to large plates of bony scutes (osteoderms) set in the skin, as a defense against predators. Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales plates or other structures in the Dermal layers of the Skin. But the most unusual thing about them were the heavy skulls ornamented with strange knobs and ridges. It was of a very heavy build, almost rhinoceros-like. Rhinoceros (raɪˈnɒsərəs often colloquially abbreviated rhino, is a name used to group five extant species of Odd-toed ungulates in the family Unlike most reptiles, held its legs underneath its body with stubby toes to support its great weight.

In the show, Scutosaurus is in fact the most commonly appearing animal, as it is seen in four episodes (compared to the future predators three). They have an important role in Episode 1 of the first series, in Episode 6 of the first series a herd if briefly seen on a hillside, in Episode 12 they are seen locked up at the rear of Leek's animal containment facility and in Episode 13 they play a more important role, being used by the team to kill two of Leek's men.

These fearsome-looking animals were in fact inoffensive herbivores, which was well adapted to the dry conditions which covered much of Pangaea at that time. Herbivory is a form of Predation in which an Organism, known as a herbivore, consumes principally Autotrophs ref name=Campbell>Campbell Pangaea, Pangæa or Pangea (pænˈdʒiːə from παν pan, meaning entire, and Γαῖα Gaea, meaning Earth in A social animal, they migrated in large groups. ^[3] The leaf-shaped multi-cusped teeth resemble those of iguanas, caseids, and other reptilian herbivores. Iguana is a Genus of Lizard native to tropical areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean first described by Austrian The Caseidae were a widespread group of very primitive Herbivorous Synapsids, they appeared during the later early Permian and persisted until the late This dentition, together with the deep capacious body which would have housed an extensive digestive tract. When in the past, they see several more Scutosaurus roaming a desert. ^[14]

Although initially described correctly as a pareiasaur, this species is from then on called a dinosaur throughout the episode in which it appears. The Pareiasaurs - family Pareiasauridae - are a group of medium-sized to large herbivorous Anapsid Reptiles that flourished during the Although based on the heavily armour species called Scutosaurus kapinski that lived about 250 million years ago in Russia, the size of the Scutosaurus in the series is exaggerated for dramatic purposes. ^[4] It is described as at least "five or six tons" in weight, about as big as an elephant. In fact the actual Scutosaurus was much smaller, no more than 3 meters in length. They appear locked up at the end of episode 13.

Silurian scorpion

Primeval creature
Silurian scorpion
Home era	Silurian
First appearance	Episode 11
Number of fatalities caused	6
Returned to era	Presumably (off-screen)

The Silurian scorpion is a prehistoric creature from the Silurian that grows to immense sizes, and is a variety of animal similar to Brontoscorpio. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician period about 443 Episode Eleven of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast on 9 February, 2008. Brontoscorpio anglicus ("English thunder scorpion" was a 1- Metre long aquatic Scorpion that lived during the Silurian period They have a long whip-like tail, spikes on the foreclaws and a flattened body, similar to modern day whip scorpions. A uropygid, commonly known as a whip scorpion, is an invertebrate animal belonging to the former order "Uropygi" in the class Arachnida, The scorpions never come through the anomaly in their first appearance, but did in the second season finale, along with many other creatures from before in the series. They are probably reimagined by the producers to make them bigger and more frightening. They hunt by sensing surface vibrations and burrowing underground. Their main food source appears to be the Silurian millipedes. In reality, scorpions of this size wouldn't be able to breathe, let alone move about.

The scorpions made a reappearance in Episode 13. One of them was released onto a crowded beach by Oliver Leek to show his power, where it promtly ate a tourist and scared everyone else away. Stephen Hart set out to deal with it on his own, and succeeded in harpooning it below a bridge. The still alive creature was left to be collected at leisure.

Although the scorpions are referred to as "Silurian scorpions" in the show, they are listed as "giant scorpion" on the Primeval official websites.

Smilodon

Primeval creature
Smilodon
Home era	Pleistocene
First appearance	Episode 4 (mentioned) Episode 9
Number of fatalities caused	5
Returned to era	No, killed in fight

Smilodon is a vicious carnivorous sabre-toothed cat that lived in the Pleistocene in both North and South America. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Smilodon (ˈsmаɪləˌdɒn sometimes called saber-toothed tiger, is an extinct Genus of large machairodontine Saber-toothed The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period Episode Four of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 3 March, 2007. Episode Nine of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval is set to be broadcast on 26 January, 2008. Smilodon (ˈsmаɪləˌdɒn sometimes called saber-toothed tiger, is an extinct Genus of large machairodontine Saber-toothed The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a They are commonly and incorrectly called "sabre toothed tigers" where, in truth, all modern day cats evolved from a completely different line. ^[33]

A fully-grown Smilodon weighed approximately 200 kilograms (450 pounds) and had a short tail, powerful legs, and a large head. The cats have two huge canine teeth, about 17 cm (7 inches) long, that is used to kill prey by suffocation. ^[34] The jaws could open to about 120 degrees in order to use these fangs to deadly effect. The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming or near the entrance to the Mouth. This article describes the unit of angle For other meanings see Degree. They eventually died out due to climate change.

Smilodon was mentioned in episode 4 by Helen Cutter as "sabre-toothed killers". However, she apparently lied when she claimed they would come through at that point, and escaped through the Spaghetti Junction. They are also seen, in skeleton form, in Cutter's office. The cat made a proper appearance in the second series, rampaging through a local park. It was being looked after by a ranger named Valerie, who apparently had cared for it since it first came through, as a cub. She was later killed by it (though how she was killed is not shown, it is possible that the Smilodon ripped her throat out). This could have meant that a sabre-toothed cat did come through when Helen claimed it would, having grown up during that time period. The cat was apparently killed by a heart attack after being tranquilized. When Cutter hears of this he is puzzled, as it was a healthy cat, pointing towards other involvement. In fact, the sabre-tooth was really smuggled along with several other creatures. ^[35]

T

Thylacosmilus

Primeval creature
Thylacosmilus
Home era	Plio-Pleistocene
Appears in	"Shadow of the Jaguar"
Number of fatalities caused	40+
Returned to era	Five return, One killed by Future Bird

Thylacosmilus was a pouched carnivore, resembling a sabre-toothed cat, that lived in South America 2 million years ago. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Thylacosmilus ("pouch sabre" was a Genus of sabre-toothed Marsupial predators that first appeared during the Miocene. The Plio-Pleistocene is an archaeological term that is coming into increasing use to describe a long and continuous run of dated sedimentary layers in Jakarta East Africa "Shadow of the Jaguar" is a spin-off book for the ITV Science fiction Cult series Primeval, written by Steven Savile Marsupials are an Infraclass of Mammals characterized by a distinctive pouch (called the marsupium) in which females carry their young through South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a It had a long, curving chin and a large pair of sabre teeth used for killing its prey. Thylacosmilus eventually went extinct due to being outcompeted by true sabre-tooth cats such as Smilodon. Smilodon (ˈsmаɪləˌdɒn sometimes called saber-toothed tiger, is an extinct Genus of large machairodontine Saber-toothed

In the Primeval spin-off novel "Shadow of the Jaguar", the first known anomaly to open overseas is in a biological reserve in the Peruvian rainforest and allows a pack of Thylacosmilus access to the modern world. "Shadow of the Jaguar" is a spin-off book for the ITV Science fiction Cult series Primeval, written by Steven Savile Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches Thylacosmilus ("pouch sabre" was a Genus of sabre-toothed Marsupial predators that first appeared during the Miocene. They proceed to go on the rampage, wiping out several small villages, killing one of the sons of a senior man to Sir James Lester (Sir Charles), killing a sloth and killing several members of the SAS. The living sloths comprise six Species of medium-sized Mammals that live in Central and South America belonging to the families A second pride of six Thylacosmilus are followed and some are killed by the SAS. It turns out that the Thylacosmilus are under the control of a vicious predator from the future, which is using pheromones to control the pack's instinct and use them like hunting hounds. After the team disrupt the predator's control, the Thylacosmilus flee in terror back through the anomaly, just before it closes.

Titanis

Primeval creature
Titanis
Home era	Pliocene
First appearance	Some time in Series 3

Titanis is (very) briefly mentioned an interview with Adrian Hodges and Tim Haines^[36], where discussed how difficult it was to animate its feathers^[24]. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Titanis ( Etymology: Titanis after the titans Ancient Greek gods that preceded the Twelve Olympians, in allusion to the The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts is the period in the Geologic timescale that extends Adrian Hodges is a British television and film Writer. His debut was the 1991 television drama Tell Me That You Love Me, followed by screenplays Tim Haines is a screenwriter and director who is best known for his work on the BBC popular science shows Walking with Dinosaurs, Walking with It will presumably appear some time in Series 3, and is the second confirmed creature for the series.

U

Utahraptor

See Raptor.

W

Worm

Primeval creature
Worm
Home era	Pre-Cambrian
Appears in	Episode 8
Number of fatalities caused	3
Returned to era	No. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. The Precambrian ( Pre-Cambrian) is an informal name for the supereon comprising the eons of the Geologic timescale that came before the current " Episode Eight " of the ITV sci-fi drama ''Primeval'' was broadcast on 19 January, 2008. All killed, most by heat caused by a thermostat.

Although many invertebrates are commonly called worms ,the Primeval worms are very large carnivorous worms from some time during the Oxygen Catastrophe, 2. Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River The Oxygen Catastrophe was a massive environmental change believed to have happened during the Siderian period at the beginning of the Paleoproterozoic 7 billion years ago. They cannot survive outside their oxygen-lacking home air, and die when separated from it. The worms have long retractable mouthparts, large enough to engulf a person, for feeding. These creatures were based on marine ragworms. A ragworm is a Polychaete worm of the genus Nereis or the family Nereidae. The worms rely on movement to see their prey, and can be fooled if a person stands still and throws an inanimate object^[27] .

In the episode, the worms cannot survive outside the "fog", which is first shown when Nick and Stephen trap the mouth parts in a door separating the fog: if sperated from their natural atmosphere, oxygen (which is highly poisonous to them) causes them to suffocate. The fog is the Pre-Cambrian atmosphere, which presumably comes through the anomaly. Anomalies are Fictional Phenomena which occur in the science fiction television series Primeval and are a type of Time When they are faced with an increase of heat, they explode to spawn their young which then attempt to burrow into a living host. They can also spit a brown-coloured slime, which might be used to track or even attack their prey^[27] . This life cycle is not dissimilar to the parasite^[11] .

They hold a certain resemblance to "Carnictis" from the 2005 King Kong film. King Kong is a 2005 Remake of the 1933 film of the same name about a fictional giant ape called Kong. King Kong is a 2005 Remake of the 1933 film of the same name about a fictional giant ape called Kong.

Plants

Ambalacoque

Primeval creature
Ambalacoque
First appearance	Mentioned in Episode 4
Last appearance	Episode 4
Returned to era	All except for the seeds carried in the stomachs of the two Dodos that died. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Tambalacoque ( Sideroxylon grandiflorum; formerly Calvaria major) also called the Dodo Tree, is a long-lived tree in the family Sapotaceae Episode Four of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 3 March, 2007. Episode Four of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 3 March, 2007.

Ambalacoque grows to 30-40 m tall with a rich white, gummy latex called chicle in its bark. LaTeX (ˈleɪtɛ Chicle is the Natural gum from Manilkara chicle, which is a tropical evergreen tree native to Central America. The ornamental leaves are medium green and glossy. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. The fruit is a large, 4-8 cm in diameter and containing 2-10 seeds. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored

These seeds only germinate after passing through the digestive tract of a Dodo. The following is a complete list of creatures from the universe of ITV science fiction television series Primeval. The reason for this relationship is that 'Dodos, like many birds, need to eat stones (or Roswell keyrings) in order to make their digestive system work. The following is a complete list of creatures from the universe of ITV science fiction television series Primeval. The harsh conditions in its digestive system would have destroyed any delicate seeds, so variants of the Ambalacoque with hardier pits gained an evolutionary advantage. Over time, variants with extremely tough seeds became dominant and also dependent upon the Dodo's as part of their reproductive cycle as the grinding of a bird's gizzard abraded away at the stony pit so that the seed within could sprout through. ^[37]

In the story, the species became extinct during the 17th Century, shortly after the first arrival of people on their native Mauritius. In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Mauritius (pronounced məˈrɪʃəs L’île Maurice /il mɔ'ʁis/ Mauritian Creole: Maurice) officially the Republic of Mauritius, République When the Dodos died out the trees where unable to reproduce and also became extinct. The following is a complete list of creatures from the universe of ITV science fiction television series Primeval. ^[11][38][39]

Spaghetti Junction Grass

Primeval creature
Spaghetti Junction Grass
First appearance	Episode 4
Returned to era	N/A Never entered the present. Primeval is a British Science fiction Television programme produced for ITV by Impossible Pictures. Episode Four of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval was broadcast in the UK on 3 March, 2007.

Grass is a common word that generally describes a group of green plants in the family Gramineae (Poaceae). Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the flowering plants. True grasses include most plants grown as grains, for pasture, and for lawns (turf). Pasture is land with Herbaceous vegetation cover used for grazing of Ungulate Livestock as part of a Farm or Ranch. A lawn is an area of recreational or amenity land planted with grass, and sometimes Clover and other plants which are maintained at a low even height This group also include bamboos. Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily Grasses have proven to be among the most versatile of life forms adapting to conditions in lush rain forests, dry deserts, and cold mountain steppes, and are presently the most widespread of all plant types. Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. In physical Geography, a steppe ( German, from степь - "a flat and arid land" степ - /stɛp/ тал - tal дала - /dɑlɑ/ pronounced

In the otherworldly planes of Spaghetti Junction, A species of Grass dominates the landscape, forming a large central grassland which streaches in all directions for thousands of miles. Grasslands (also called greenswards) are areas where the Vegetation is dominated by Grasses ( Poaceae) and other Herbaceous (non-woody This Grass also appears to be the only native species in that world, although whether or not it is native to this world or an introduced species that originally came from another world like the Dodo's and flourished there, most Grass species are highly adaptable, is an unanswered question. An introduced species (also known as naturalized species or exotic species) is an Organism that is not indigenous to a given location but The following is a complete list of creatures from the universe of ITV science fiction television series Primeval. ^[14]

In an interview, Adrian Hodges stated that the Spaghetti Junction would be revisited some time in the future. It was generally believed that it would be in Series 2, but it was never seen. ^[40]

References

External links

• Official Primeval site: creatures section

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic