The following is a list of the Kings of Babylon, a major city of ancient Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar Eridu (URUNUNKI; Sumerian:eridug Akkadian: ?) from the Sumerian for 'mighty place' is modern Tell Abu Shahrain, Iraq Uruk ( URU UNUG, Sumerian: unug Akkadian: uruk) from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian Toponym 'unug' is modern Ur ( Sumerian:urim; Akkadian: ?) is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Lagash ( is modern Tell al-Hiba, Iraq. Located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk Nippur (URUENLIL; Sumerian: Nibru Akkadian: Nibbur) from the Sumerian for 'lord wind' (Enlil is modern ? in Afak Al Qadisyah Ngirsu (cuneiform? Sumerian:Ĝirsu Akkadian: ?) is modern Tell Telloh, Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq, and it was a city of Elam is the name of an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. Susa ( Biblical שושן ( Shushan) also Greek: Σοῦσα Transliterated as Sousa; Latin Susa) Mari (modern Tell Hariri, Syria) was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Amorite ( Sumerian MARTU, Akkadian Tidnum or Amurrūm, Egyptian Amar, Hebrew ’emōrî Isin (modern Ishan al-Bahriyat was a city of lower Mesopotamia, which flourished during the 20th century BC. Larsa (also Larag or Larak, modern Tell as-Senkereh, Iraq, possibly the Biblical Ellasar) was an important city of Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital Babylon was a City-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq Chaldea (from Greek grc Χαλδαία Chaldaia; Akkadian akk māt Kaldu Hebrew כשדים Kaśdim, "the Chaldees" of the The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established The Kassites were an Ancient Near Eastern tribe who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca The Hurrians (also Khurrites; cuneiform Ḫu-ur-ri 𒄷𒌨𒊑 were a people of the Ancient Near East, who lived in northern Mesopotamia Mitanni ( Hittite cuneiform, also Mittani) or Hanigalbat ( Assyrian Hanigalbat Khanigalbat cuneiform) Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Assur also spelled Ashur, from Assyrian Aššur, was one of the capitals of ancient Assyria. Nimrud is an ancient Assyrian city located south of Nineveh on the river Tigris. Dur-Sharrukin ("Fortress of Sargon" present day Khorsabad, was the Assyrian capital in the time of Sargon II of Assyria. Nineveh ( Akkadian: Ninua; Aramaic: ܢܝܢܘܐ Hebrew נינוה Nīnewē; Arabic نينوى Naīnuwa) See Short chronology for a timeline in absolute dates The Chronology of the Ancient Near East is a framework of dates for Ancient Mesopotamia was settled and conquered by numerous ancient Civilizations. The history of Sumer, taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BC ending with the downfall of the Third The Sumerian king list is an ancient text in the Sumerian language that lists kings of Sumer from Sumerian and foreign dynasties The following is a list of the kings of Babylonia, a major city and empire in ancient lower Mesopotamia, compiled from the traditional Babylonian king lists and modern Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian Akkadian Assyrian and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris The akk Enûma Eliš is the Babylonian Creation myth (named for its Incipit) Gilgamesh was the son of Lugalbanda and the fifth king of Uruk (Early Dynastic II first dynasty of Uruk ruling circa 2600 BC according to the Sumerian king The pre- Christian religions of Babylonia and Assyria are the earliest attestation of Ancient Semitic religion, in particular Mesopotamian mythology Assyriology (from Greek grc Ἀσσυρίᾱ Assyriā; and grc -λογία -logia) is the archaeological historical and linguistic study Sumerian ( " native tongue " was the language of ancient Sumer, spoken in Southern Mesopotamia since at least the 4th millennium BC Elamite is an Extinct language, which was spoken by the ancient Elamites. Aramaic is a Semitic language with Hurrian is a conventional name for the language of the Hurrians (Khurrites a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly Hittite or Nesili is the Extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centered on ancient Hattusas (modern Babylon was a City-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.
The Babylonian king list
The Babylonian king list is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to the Sumerian king list. The following is a list of the kings of Babylonia, a major city and empire in ancient lower Mesopotamia, compiled from the traditional Babylonian king lists and modern The Sumerian king list is an ancient text in the Sumerian language that lists kings of Sumer from Sumerian and foreign dynasties
There are two versions, known as King List A (all kings from the First Dynasty of Babylon to king Kandalanu) and King List B (only the two first dynasties). A third version of the list was written, in Greek, by Berossus. Berossus (also Berossos or Berosus; Greek: Βήρωσσος was a Hellenistic -era Babylonian writer and astronomer who The Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age is a continuation that mentions all kings from Alexander the Great to Demetrius II Nicator. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ'
First Dynasty of Babylon
This uses the traditional Middle Chronology, although there is now reason to believe it may be too early by as much as a century. The Chronology of the first dynasty of Babylonia is debated as there is a Babylonian King List A and a Babylonian King List B. See Short chronology for a timeline in absolute dates The Chronology of the Ancient Near East is a framework of dates for
- Sumu-abum 1894-1881 BC
- Sumu-la-El 1880-1845 BC
- Sabium 1844-1831 BC
- Apil-Sîn 1830-1813 BC
- Sin-muballit 1812-1793 BC
- Hammurabi 1792-1750 BC
- Samsu-Iluna 1749-1712 BC
- Abi-Eshuh 1711-1684 BC
- Ammi-Ditana 1683-1647 BC
- Ammi-Saduqa 1646-1626 BC
- Samsu-Ditana 1625-1595 BC
Early Kassite Monarchs
These rulers did not rule Babylon itself, but their numbering scheme was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here. Sumu-abum (also Su-abu) was a the first King of the First Dynasty of Babylon. The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC Sumu-la-El (also Sumulael or Sumu-la-ilu) was a King in the First Dynasty of Babylon. The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC Sabium (also Sabum) was a King in the First Dynasty of Babylon. The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC Sin-Muballit was the father of Hammurabi. He was the fifth king of the first dynasty of Babylonia, reigning ca The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC Hammurabi ( Akkadian from Amorite ˤAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer" from ˤAmmu, "paternal kinsman" and Rāpi The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC Samsu-Iluna ( Samsuiluna) was the King of Babylon, who reigned from 1749 BC to 1712 BC. The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC Abi-Eshuh was a king of Babylon who reigned from 1711 - 1684 BC. The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC Ammi-Ditana was a king of Babylon who reigned from 1683 - 1640s BC. Ammi-Saduqa (or Ammisaduqa, Ammizaduga) was a king (ca 1582 – 1562 BC Short chronology) of the First Dynasty of Babylon. Samsu-Ditana ( Samsuditana) was the King of Babylon, who reigned from 1626 BC to 1595 BC The Kassites were an Ancient Near Eastern tribe who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca There are many different numbering schemes for assigning Nominal numbers to entities
- Gandash fl. c. 1730 BC
- Agum I
- Kashtiliash I
- Ushshi
- Abirattash
- Kashtiliash II
- Urzigurumash
- Harbashihu
- Tiptakzi
Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)
This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but rather the Sumerian regions south of it. The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar Nevertheless, it is traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.
- Iluma-ilum fl. c. 1732 BC
- Itti-ili-nibi
- Damiq-ilishu
- Ishkibal
- Shushushi
- Gulkishar
- Peshgaldaramash
- Adarakalamma
- Ekurduanna
- Melamkurkukka
- [1 unnamed king between Gulkishar and Ea-gamil(?)]
- Ea-gamil fl. The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC c. 1460 BC
Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)
The chronology followed here is the higher chronology found in Von Beckerath's Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Another commonly used chronology generally gives dates of approximately 10 to 20 years earlier for each monarch, but this does not synchronize so well with the most commonly used chronology for the Egyptian New Kingdom.
- Agum II fl. c. 1570 BC
- Burna-Buriaš I
- Kaštiliaš III
- Ulam-Buriaš
- Agum III
- Kadašman-harbe I
- Karaindaš
- Kurigalzu I d. Burna-Buriash I and II were two kings in the Kassite dynasty of Babylon. Agum III was a Kassite king of Babylon ca mid 14th century BC Kurigalzu is the name of at least two kings in the Kassite Dynasty of Babylonia. 1377 BC
- Kadašman-Enlil I 1377-1361 BC
- Burna-Buriaš II 1361-1333 BC
- Karahardaš 1333-1331 BC
- Nazibugaš 1331 BC
- Kurigalzu II 1331-1306 BC
- Nazimaruttaš 1306-1280 BC
- Kadašman-Turgu 1280-1262 BC
- Kadašman-Enlil II 1262-1254 BC
- Kudur-Enlil 1254-1245 BC
- Šagarakti-Šuriaš 1245-1232 BC
- Kaštiliaš IV 1232-1224 BC
- Enlil-nadin-šumi 1224-1221
- Adad-šuma-iddina 1221-1215
- Adad-šuma-usur 1215-1185 BC
- Melišipak 1185-1170s BC
- Marduk-apal-iddina I 1170-1157 BC
- Zababa-šuma-iddina 1157-1156 BC
- Enlil-nadin-ahhe 1156-1153 BC
Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin
- Marduk-kabit-ahhešu 1155-1146 BC
- Itti-Marduk-balatu 1146-1132 BC
- Ninurta-nadin-šumi 1132-1126 BC
- Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar I) 1126-1103 BC
- Enlil-nadin-apli 1103-1100 BC
- Marduk-nadin-ahhe 1100-1082 BC
- Marduk-šapik-zeri 1082-1069 BC
- Adad-apla-iddina 1069-1046 BC
- Marduk-ahhe-eriba 1046 BC
- Marduk-zer-X 1046-1033 BC
- Nabu-šum-libur 1033-1025 BC
Dynasty V of Babylon
- Simbar-šipak 1025-1008 BC
- Ea-mukin-šumi 1008 BC
- Kaššu-nadin 1008-1004 BC
Dynasty VI of Babylon
Dynasty VII of Babylon
Dynasty VIII of Babylon
Dynasty IX of Babylon
- Ninurta-kudurri-usur 943 BC
- Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 943-c. Kadashman-Enlil I was a Kassite King of Babylon from ca 1374 BC to 1360 BC ( Short chronology) Burna-Buriash I and II were two kings in the Kassite dynasty of Babylon. Kurigalzu is the name of at least two kings in the Kassite Dynasty of Babylonia. Isin (modern Ishan al-Bahriyat was a city of lower Mesopotamia, which flourished during the 20th century BC. Nebuchadrezzar I, more commonly known as Nebuchadnezzar I ( Akkadian: Nabu-kudurri-usur, meaning " Nebo, protect my eldest son" or "Nebo Enlil-Nadin-Apli was the king of Babylon from 1103 to 1100 BC. Marduk-nadin-ahhe was a king of Babylon from 1100-1082 BC in Dynasty IV of Babylon. Events and trends 984 BC — Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt. Ninurta ( Nin Ur: Lord of the Earth/Plough in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology was the god of Nippur, identified with Ningirsu Events and trends 984 BC — Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt. Events and trends 984 BC — Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt. Events and trends 984 BC — Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt. Events and trends 984 BC — Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt. Events and trends 978 BC — Siamun succeeds Osorkon the Elder as king of Egypt. Events and trends 978 BC — Siamun succeeds Osorkon the Elder as king of Egypt. Events and trends 947 BC — Death of Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 947 BC — Death of Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 947 BC — Death of Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 920 BC
- Šamaš-mudammiq c. Events and trends 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together and 920-900 BC
- Nabu-šuma-ukin 900-888 BC
- Nabu-apla-iddina 888-855 BC
- Marduk-zakir-šumi I 855-819 BC
- Marduk-balassu-iqbi 819-813 BC
- Baba-aha-iddina 813-811 BC
- 5 kings 811-c. Events and trends 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together and Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. 800 BC
- Ninurta-apla-X c. 800-c. 790 BC
- Marduk-bel-zeri c. Events and trends 797 BC — Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. 790-c. Events and trends 797 BC — Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. 780 BC
- Marduk-apla-usur c. Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. 780-769 BC
- Eriba-Marduk 769-761 BC
- Nabu-šuma-iškun 761-748 BC
Dynasty IX of Babylon
From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via Ptolemy's Canon of Kings and other sources. Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. Events and trends 763 BC — June 15 — A Solar eclipse at this date (in month Sivan) is used to fix the Chronology of the Events and trends 763 BC — June 15 — A Solar eclipse at this date (in month Sivan) is used to fix the Chronology of the Events and trends 763 BC — June 15 — A Solar eclipse at this date (in month Sivan) is used to fix the Chronology of the Events and trends 763 BC — June 15 — A Solar eclipse at this date (in month Sivan) is used to fix the Chronology of the Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca The Canon of Kings was a dated list of kings used by ancient Astronomers as a convenient means to date astronomical phenomena such as Eclipses The Canon was preserved
Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrian)
- Further information: Neo-Assyrian Empire and Kings of Assyria
- Nabu-mukin-zeri, 732-729 BC
- Tiglath-Pileser III 729-727 BC
- Shalmaneser V 727-722 BC
- Marduk-apla-iddina II (the Biblical Merodach-Baladan), 722-710 BC
- Šarrukin (Sargon) II of Assyria, 710-705 BC
- Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) of Assyria, 705-703 BC
- Marduk-zakir-šumi II, 703 BC
- Marduk-apla-iddina II, 703 BC (restored)
- Bel-ibni, 703-700 BC
- Aššur-nadin-šumi (son of Sennacherib of Assyria), 700-694 BC
- Nergal-ušezib, 694-693 BC
- Mušezib-Marduk, 693-689 BC
Assyrian Sack of Babylon, 689 BC; Babylon is rebuilt by Esarhaddon of Assyria in the 670s BC
- Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) of Assyria, 689-681 BC
- Aššur-ahha-iddina (Esarhaddon) of Assyria, 681-669 BC
- Šamaš-šum-ukin (son of Esarhaddon), 668-648 BC
- Kandalanu 648-627 BC
- Sin-shumu-lishir 626 BC Only parts, included the city Babylon. Nabonassar (also Nabonasser, Nabu-nasir, Nebo-adon-Assur or Nabo-n-assar) founded a kingdom in Babylon in 747 BC Nabu is the Babylonian god of Wisdom and Writing, worshipped by Babylonians as the son of Marduk and his consort Sarpanitum, Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and ended in 609 BC Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Tiglath-Pileser III (from the Hebraic form of Akkadian: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, "my trust is in the son of Esharra" was a prominent king Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Shalmaneser V ( Akkadian: akk Šulmanu-ašarid) was King of Assyria from 727 to 722 BC Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI Marduk-apla-iddina II (the biblical Merodach-baladan, also called Marduk-baladan, Baladan and Berodach-baladan. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events and trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria. Sargon II ( Akkadian Šarru-kinu "legitimate king" reigned 722 – 705 BC was an Assyrian king Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Events and trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria. Sennacherib ( Akkadian Sîn-ahhe-eriba "(moon god Sîn has replaced (lost brothers for me" was the son of Sargon II, whom he Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI Marduk-zakir-shumi II was a Babylonian nobleman who served briefly as King of Babylon for a few months in 703 BC following a revolt against the rule of the Assyrian Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI Marduk-apla-iddina II (the biblical Merodach-baladan, also called Marduk-baladan, Baladan and Berodach-baladan. Bel-ibni was a Babylonian nobleman who served as King of Babylon for several years as the nominee of the Assyrian king Sennacherib. In Akkadian mythology, Anshar (also spelled Anshur) which means "sky pivot" or "sky axle" is a Sky God. Ashur-nadin-shumi (d694 BC was an ancient King of Babylon. The son of the Assyrian king Sennacherib, Ashur-nadin-shumi was installed by his father as Sennacherib ( Akkadian Sîn-ahhe-eriba "(moon god Sîn has replaced (lost brothers for me" was the son of Sargon II, whom he Events and trends 699 BC — Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire. The name Nergal (or Nirgal, Nirgali) refers to a Deity in Babylonia with the main seat Nergal-ushezib, originally Shuzub, was a Babylonian nobleman who was installed as King of Babylon by the Elamites in 694 BC after their capture Events and trends 699 BC — Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire. Events and trends 699 BC — Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire. Mushezib-Marduk (692 BC - 689 BC Chaldean prince chosen as King of Babylon after Nergal-ushezib. Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI Events and trends 699 BC — Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire. Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon. Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon. Esarhaddon (Greek and Biblical form Akkadian Aššur-ahhe-iddina " Ashur has given a brother to me" was a king of Assyria who reigned Events and trends 677 BC — Esarhaddon leads the Assyrian army against rebellious Arab tribes advances as far as the Brook of Egypt Sennacherib ( Akkadian Sîn-ahhe-eriba "(moon god Sîn has replaced (lost brothers for me" was the son of Sargon II, whom he Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon. Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon. In Akkadian mythology, Anshar (also spelled Anshur) which means "sky pivot" or "sky axle" is a Sky God. Esarhaddon (Greek and Biblical form Akkadian Aššur-ahhe-iddina " Ashur has given a brother to me" was a king of Assyria who reigned Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon. Events and trends 669 BC: Ashurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria. For the Canaanite sun godess see Shemesh Shamash was the common Akkadian name of the Sun-god and god of justice in Babylonia Shamash-shum-ukin was king of Babylon from 668-648 BCHe was the second son of the Assyrian King Esarhaddon. Esarhaddon (Greek and Biblical form Akkadian Aššur-ahhe-iddina " Ashur has given a brother to me" was a king of Assyria who reigned Events and trends 669 BC: Ashurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria. Events and trends Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library which includes our earliest complete copy of the Epic of Gilgamesh. Kandalanu, king of Babylonia, from 648 BC to 627 BC Territory Kandalanu was king over Babylonia with exception of the city Nippur Events and trends Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library which includes our earliest complete copy of the Epic of Gilgamesh. Events and trends 628 BC — King Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of Sin-shumu-lishir (or Sin-shum-lishir) was a rebellion king of a part of the Assyrian empire in 626. Events and trends 628 BC — King Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of
- Sinsharishkun ca. Sinsharishkun ( Sin-shar-ishkun, ca 627 - 612 BC who seems to have been the Saràkos (Saracus of Berossus, was one of the last kings of the Assyrian 627 BC - 620 Lost control over Babylonia fast. Events and trends 628 BC — King Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Slavs attack Thessaloniki.
Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean)
- Further information: Neo-Babylonian Empire
- Nabu-apla-usur (Nabopolassar) 626 - 605 BC
- Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadrezzar II (Nebuchadnezzar II)) 605 - 562 BC
- Amel-Marduk 562 - 560 BC
- Nergal-šar-usur (Nergal-sharezer) 560 - 556 BC
- Labaši-Marduk 556 BC
- Nabu-na'id (Nabonidus) 556 - 539 BC
- Kambyses 538 - 522 BC
Persian Babylonia
- Further information: Persian Mesopotamia and Achaemenid Empire
In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by Cyrus the Great of Persia. The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia under the rule of the 11th ("Chaldean" dynasty from the revolt of Nabopolassar Nabu is the Babylonian god of Wisdom and Writing, worshipped by Babylonians as the son of Marduk and his consort Sarpanitum, Nabopolassar ( Akkadian: Nabû-apal-usur) was the first king (ruled 625-605 BC of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Events and trends 628 BC — King Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of Nabu is the Babylonian god of Wisdom and Writing, worshipped by Babylonians as the son of Marduk and his consort Sarpanitum, Nebuchadrezzar II, more often called Nebuchadnezzar (c 630-562 BC was a ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned c Events and trends 568 BC — Amtalqa succeeds his brother Aspelta as king of Kush. Amel-Marduk (d 560 BC called Evil-merodach in the Hebrew Bible, was the son and successor of Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI Events and trends 568 BC — Amtalqa succeeds his brother Aspelta as king of Kush. Events and trends 568 BC — Amtalqa succeeds his brother Aspelta as king of Kush. The name Nergal (or Nirgal, Nirgali) refers to a Deity in Babylonia with the main seat Nergal-sharezer or Neriglissar was King of Babylon from 560 to 556 BC Events and trends 568 BC — Amtalqa succeeds his brother Aspelta as king of Kush. Events and trends Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Labashi-Marduk, Chaldean king of Babylon (556 BCE and son of Neriglissar. Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI Events and trends Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Nabu is the Babylonian god of Wisdom and Writing, worshipped by Babylonians as the son of Marduk and his consort Sarpanitum, Nabonidus ( Akkadian Nabû-nāʾid) was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from 556-539 BCE Events and trends Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. "Aturia" redirects here For the Fossil Nautilus Genus, see Aturia (cephalopod. The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia His son was crowned one year later formally as King of Babylonia
- Cambyses II, son of Cyrus the Great, ruled 529-522 BC
- Smerdis (Bardiya), alleged son of Cyrus the Great, ruled 522 BC (Possibly a usurper)
- Darius I, the Great, brother-in-law of Smerdis and grandson of Arsames, ruled 521-486 BC
- Xerxes I, son of Darius I, ruled 485-465 BC
- Artaxerxes I Longimanus, son of Xerxes I, ruled 465-424 BC
- Xerxes II, son of Artaxerxes I, ruled 424 BC
- Sogdianus, half-brother and rival of Xerxes II, ruled 424-423 BC
- Darius II Nothus, half-brother and rival of Xerxes II, ruled 423-405 BC
- Artaxerxes II Mnemon, son of Darius II, ruled 404-359 BC (see also Xenophon)
- Artaxerxes III Ochus, son of Artaxerxes II, ruled 358-338 BC
- Artaxerxes IV Arses, son of Artaxerxes III, ruled 338-336 BC
- Darius III Codomannus, great-grandson of Darius II, ruled 336-330 BC
Hellenistic Babylonia
- Further information: Seleucid Empire
Babylon was captured by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. Smerdis, Bardiya or Bardia (𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 Bardiya) was a son of Cyrus the Great whose name was allegedly usurped by an impostor a Darius I the Great (c 549 BC&ndash486 BC 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavahuš: "Possessing goodness" Having ascended to power amidst controversy and bloodshed Xerxes I of Persia was a King of Persia (reigned 485–465 BC of the Achaemenid dynasty. Artaxerxes I (Latin Greek Ἀρταξέρξης Persian اردشیر یکم (Ardeshir corruption of Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎭𐎧𐎨𐏁𐎨 Artaxšacā Xerxes II (Xšayāršā was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I. Sogdianus, king of Persia (424-423 BC He is an obscure historical figure known primarily from the writings of Ctesias. Darius II ( Dārayavahuš) originally called Ochus and often surnamed Nothus (from Greek νοθος meaning 'bastard' was king of the Artaxerxes II Mnemon ( Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 Artaxšaçrā, Ἀρταξέρξης (ca Xenophon (Ancient Greek, Modern Greek "Ξενοφών" "Ξενοφώντας" ca Artaxerxes III of Persia ( Ca 425 BC &ndash 338 BC ( Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 transliterated as Artaxšaçrā) was the Great Artaxerxes (Artaxšacā IV Arses, King of Persia between 338 BC and 336 BC Darius III ( Artashata) (c 380&ndash330 BC Persian داریوش Dāriūš dɔːriˈuːʃ was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ'
- Alexander IV of Macedon (323–309 BC)
- Seleucus I Nicator (Satrap 311–305 BC, King 305 BC–281 BC)
- Antiochus I Soter (co-ruler from 291, ruled 281–261 BC)
- Antiochus II Theos (261–246 BC)
- Seleucus II Callinicus (246–225 BC)
- Seleucus III Ceraunus (or Soter) (225–223 BC)
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- Seleucus IV Philopator (187–175 BC)
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- Demetrius I Soter (161–150 BC)
- Alexander I Balas (150–145 BC)
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- Diodotus Tryphon (140?–138 BC)
- Antiochus VII Sidetes (or Euergetes) (138–129 BC)
- Demetrius II Nicator (second reign, 129–126 BC)
- Alexander II Zabinas (129–123 BC)
- Cleopatra Thea (126–123 BC)
- Seleucus V Philometor (126/125 BC)
- Antiochus VIII Grypus (125–96 BC)
- Antiochus IX Cyzicenus (114–96 BC)
- Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator (96–95 BC)
- Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator (95–92 BC or 83 BC)
- Demetrius III Eucaerus (or Philopator) (95–87 BC)
- Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus (95–92 BC)
- Philip I Philadelphus (95–84/83 BC)
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- (Tigranes I of Armenia) (83–69 BC)
- Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes or Philometor (70s BC–60s BC?)
- Antiochus XIII Asiaticus (69–64 BC)
- Philip II Philoromaeus (65–63 BC)
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