| Lester Garfield Maddox | |
 Lester Maddox | |
75th Governor of Georgia | |
|---|---|
| In office January 11, 1967 – January 12, 1971 | |
| Lieutenant | George T. Smith |
| Preceded by | Carl Sanders |
| Succeeded by | Jimmy Carter |
| In office January 12, 1971 – January 18, 1975 | |
| Governor | Jimmy Carter |
| Preceded by | George T. Smith |
| Succeeded by | Zell Miller |
| Election date November 2, 1976 | |
| Running mate | William D. Dyke |
| Opponent(s) | Jimmy Carter (D) Gerald Ford (R) Eugene McCarthy (I) Roger MacBride (LBT) Thomas J. Anderson (American) Peter Camejo (Socialist Workers) |
| Incumbent | Gerald Ford (R) |
| Preceded by | John G. Schmitz |
| Succeeded by | John Rarick |
| Born | September 30, 1915 Atlanta, Georgia |
| Died | June 25, 2003 Atlanta, Georgia |
| Political party | Democratic Party American Independent Party |
| Spouse | Hattie Virginia Cox |
| Profession | Restaurant owner |
| Religion | Baptist |
Lester Garfield Maddox (September 30, 1915 – June 25, 2003) was an American Democratic Party politician who was governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. Colonial governors James Oglethorpe, Resident Trustee, 1733 - 1743 ( Oglethorpe County) William Stephens, Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Lieutenant Governor of Georgia is a constitutional officer of the state elected to a 4-year term by popular vote Carl Edward Sanders Sr (born May 15, 1925) is an American Politician who served as the governor of the U James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 The Lieutenant Governor of Georgia is a constitutional officer of the state elected to a 4-year term by popular vote Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Zell Bryan Miller (born February 24 1932 is an American Politician from the U The American Independent Party is a California Political party. The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. William D Dyke was a two-termed Mayor of Madison Wisconsin in the 1970s James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President Eugene Joseph "Gene" McCarthy ( March 29, 1916 – December 10, 2005) was an American Politician, Poet, and a In Politics, an independent is a Politician who is not Affiliated with any Political party. Roger Lea MacBride ( 6 August 1929 - 5 March 1995) was a US lawyer Political figure, and Television producer The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971 Thomas Jefferson Anderson ( November 10, 1910 - August 30 2002) was a conservative author farmer and candidate for the U Peter Miguel Camejo ( December 31, 1939, New York City – September 13, 2008, Folsom California) was an American The Socialist Workers Party, or SWP, is a Communist Political party in the United States. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President John George Schmitz (August 12 1930 &ndash January 10 2001 was a conservative Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Orange John Richard Rarick Sr (born January 29, 1924) is a lawyer in St Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The American Independent Party is a California Political party. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Colonial governors James Oglethorpe, Resident Trustee, 1733 - 1743 ( Oglethorpe County) William Stephens, A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. He came to prominence as a staunch segregationist and maintained, to his death, that he never had any regrets. However, Tom Murphy (former Georgia House Speaker) stated, "He had a reputation as a segregationist, but he told us he was not a segregationist, but that you should be able to associate with whoever you wanted. Thomas Bailey "Tom" Murphy ( March 10, 1924 &ndash December 17, 2007) was an American politician from the U He went on to do more for African-Americans than any governor of Georgia up until that time. "[1]
Contents |
Early life
Lester Maddox was the first governor of Georgia born in Atlanta, the second of the seven children of Dean Garfield Maddox and Flonnie Castleberry Maddox; his father was a steelworker. Dropping out of school following his junior year in high school, Maddox earned $4 a week at a local drugstore in order to help the family's finances in the midst of the Depression. He went on to become an apprentice dental technician before accepting a job in his father's line of work at the steel mills. Starting out at a salary of $10 per week, Maddox eventually was promoted to foreman.
Life and career
Pickrick Cafeteria
In 1944, Maddox, along with his wife, the former Virginia Cox, used $400 they had saved to open up a combination grocery store/restaurant. Building on that success, the couple then bought property on Hemphill Avenue off the Georgia Tech campus to open up the Pickrick Cafeteria. The Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly known as Georgia Tech, or Tech, is a public, Coeducational Research university in
Maddox made the Pickrick a family affair with his wife and children working side-by-side with him. The restaurant became known for its simple, inexpensive food, including its specialty, skillet-fried chicken.
It soon became a thriving business. The restaurant also provided Maddox with his first political forum: the restaurant became well known in Atlanta for large newspaper advertisements that featured cartoon chickens. Following the Brown v. the Board of Education decision of 1954, these restaurant ads began more and more to feature the cartoon chickens commenting on the political questions of the day. However, Maddox's refusal to adjust to changes following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 manifested itself when he filed a lawsuit to continue his segregationist policies. Origins The bill was introduced by President John F Kennedy in his civil rights speech of June 11 1963, in which he asked for legislation "giving Maddox said that he would close his restaurant rather than serve black people. An initial group of black demonstrators came to the restaurant but did not enter when Maddox informed them that he had a large number of black employees. In April of 1964, more African-Americans attempted to enter the restaurant. Maddox confronted the group, brandishing a handgun. [1] Maddox provides the following account of the events:
Mostly customers, with only a few employees, voluntarily removed the twelve Pickrick Drumsticks (pick handles) from the nail kegs on each side of the large dining room fireplace. They had been forewarned by the arrival of Atlanta's news media of an impending attempted invasion of our restaurant by the racial demonstrators and once the demonstrators and agitators arrived, the customers and employees pulled the drumsticks from the kegs and went outside to defend against the threatened invasion. [2]
Unable to win his case, he became a martyr to states-rights advocates by selling the restaurant to employees rather than bowing to government coercion to serve black customers.
The building was purchased by Georgia Tech in 1965 and was used for many years as the placement center. It is currently known as the Ajax building. [3][4]
Early Campaigns
During his ownership of the Pickrick, he twice ran for mayor of Atlanta. In 1957, he lost to incumbent William B. Hartsfield, who sought a more moderate racial approach, then lost to Ivan Allen, Jr. four years later, with the two politicians splitting the white vote. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Ivan Allen Jr ( March 15, 1911 - July 2, 2003) was a US Political figure most notable for serving two terms as mayor Allen's ability to garner virtually all the black votes proved to be the difference.
In 1962, Maddox ran for Lieutenant Governor against Peter Zack Geer, a candidate who shared his opponent's strong segregationist and states-rights views. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A Lieutenant Governor is a high officer of state whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction Peter Zack Geer ( August 24, 1928 - January 5, 1997) was a Democratic Politician from Georgia. In an effort to differentiate from each other, both candidates attempted to paint the other as an extremist. Geer won the race, but Maddox gained valuable recognition across the state.
Governor of Georgia
When Maddox sought the Democratic Party nomination for Governor of Georgia in 1966, his principal opponent for the nomination was former governor Ellis Arnall. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Colonial governors James Oglethorpe, Resident Trustee, 1733 - 1743 ( Oglethorpe County) William Stephens, Ellis Gibbs Arnall ( March 20 1907, Newnan Georgia December 13 1992) was an American Politician who served as That election was still in the era of Democratic Party dominance in Georgia, when winning the Democratic primary was tantamount to election. Since there was no Republican primary at the time, and there were a great many voters who identified with the Republicans, the Republicans voted in the Democratic primary and chose the candidate who they thought would lose against their candidate, Howard Callaway. In the primary election, Arnall won a plurality of the popular vote, but was denied the required majority. Lester Maddox, the candidate in second place, then ran in a run-off against Ellis Arnall. Again, the Republicans voted in the Democratic primary runoff. There were some two or three other candidates, including then-state Senator Jimmy Carter. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Arnall barely campaigned in the run-off election, and the result was a victory for Maddox.
Stunned, Arnall announced a write-in candidacy for the general election, insisting that Georgians must have the option of a moderate Democrat besides party-nominee Maddox and the Republican candidate. In that contest, Republican nominee Howard "Bo" Callaway, the first Republican member of the United States House of Representatives elected from Georgia since the close of Reconstruction, won a plurality, and Maddox finished second. Howard Hollis "Bo" Callaway (born April 2, 1927) is a businessman and former Politician from the state of Georgia. Under the election rules then in effect, the state legislature was required to select a governor from the two candidates with the highest number of votes. With the legislature overwhelmingly dominated by Democrats, all of whom had been required to sign a Democratic loyalty oath which required them to support Democrats only, Maddox became Governor, serving from 1967 to 1971.
Maddox campaigned hard for states-rights. He then governed as a moderate, and appointed more blacks to state government office than any of his predecessors. Despite this, Maddox did manifest anti-black sentiments while in office. Upon the death of Martin Luther King, Jr., he denied the slain civil rights leader the honor of lying in state in the Georgia state capitol after being provided reports from undercover agents in the Atlanta Police Department that there was a planned storming of the state capitol by participants in the crowd of mourners. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader As a precaution, Maddox stationed 64 officers in riot gear stationed in groups of eight at each of the entrances to the capitol.
His often self-deprecating humor and off-the-cuff manner stood in contrast to the fiery rhetoric of other Southern politicians such as George Wallace and Strom Thurmond: when asked what could be done to improve the abysmal conditions in Georgia prisons, Maddox replied that what was really needed was a better class of prisoner. George Corley Wallace Jr (August 25 1919 September 13 1998 was a Democratic Governor of Alabama for four terms (1963-1967 1971-1979 and 1983-1987 and ran for James Strom Thurmond ( December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina and Maddox's chief of staff was Zell Miller, who went on to serve two terms as governor in the 1990s. Zell Bryan Miller (born February 24 1932 is an American Politician from the U The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999
In 1968, a small Atlanta repertory company produced a play entitled, "Red, White and Maddox". Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The play ridiculed Maddox and imagined him winning the 1972 U.S. presidential election, then starting a war with the Soviet Union. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Elections for President and Vice President of the United States are The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The show came to Broadway and ran 41 performances at the Cort Theatre before closing.
Under the Georgia constitution of 1945, Maddox was prohibited from running for a second consecutive term, necessitating a 1970 run for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar See also Rotation in office A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Lieutenant Governor of Georgia is a constitutional officer of the state elected to a 4-year term by popular vote Although Maddox was elected as a Democratic candidate at the same time as Jimmy Carter's election as Governor as a Democratic candidate, the two were not running mates; in Georgia, particularly in that era of Democratic dominance, the winners of the primary elections went on to easy victories in the general elections without campaigning together as an official ticket or as running mates. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 A running mate is a Person running for a Subordinate position on a joint ticket during an Election. Carter and Maddox found little common ground during their four years of service, often publicly feuding with each other.
Shortly after that election, Maddox appeared as a guest on The Dick Cavett Show on December 18, 1970. The Dick Cavett Show has been the title of several Talk shows hosted by Dick Cavett on various Television networks including Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During a commercial break, fellow guest and former football player Jim Brown asked Maddox if he had "any trouble with the white bigots because of all the things you did for blacks. James Nathaniel "Jim" Brown (born February 17, 1936) is an American former professional football player who has also made " On the air, Cavett substituted the word "admirers" in place of "bigots", enraging Maddox. After demanding an apology from Cavett and getting it, Maddox walked off the show.
Maddox ran again for governor in 1974 but lost in the Democratic primary to George Busbee. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. George Dekle Busbee ( August 7, 1927 &ndash July 16, 2004) was an American politician who served as the governor of Maddox called the campaign against Busbee "the worst thing I have ever been involved in. " Busbee then handily defeated Republican Ronnie Thompson, who had hoped to have faced Maddox in the fall campaign. Ronald John Thompson, known as Ronnie Thompson or ' Machine Gun Ronnie' Thompson (born July 21 1934) is a former Georgia Republican Thompson called Maddox "a counterfeit conservative" and challenged the outgoing lieutenant governor to a debate. Maddox's former chief of staff Zell Miller was successful in his own bid to succeed Maddox as lieutenant governor. Zell Bryan Miller (born February 24 1932 is an American Politician from the U When Carter ran for President in 1976, Maddox ran against him as the nominee of the American Independent Party, saying that his former rival was "the most dishonest man I ever met. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The American Independent Party is a California Political party. " Maddox only received 170,000 votes in the election, less than 1 percent of the vote.
Accomplishments in office
- Salary increases (in dollars) during four years as governor were more than for the two previous administrations combined.
- Percentage of salary increase for elementary and secondary teachers was a record breaker that was not reached again until fifteen years later
- In higher education, the State Board of Regents received the highest budget increase of the latter half of the 20th century; and has been reported as likely the largest percentage increase for higher education of any state during the four fiscal years of the Maddox approved state budget appropriations.
- Dollars gained for new and expanded industry (during the Maddox Administration) equaled that of the five previous four year terms from 1947 through 1966.
- According to southerncurrents. com, Maddox "left the Office of Governor with a favorable poll rating of above 84% and won the Office of Lieutenant Governor in a landslide vote of over 73%, which remains the greatest percentage of votes for any governor or lieutenant governor against a Republican opponent in a Georgia General Election". [2]
- He appointed more African Americans to state government positions than any other governor before him.
- Appointed the first African American to head a state department (the Board of Corrections).
- Named the first black GBI agent. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation is an agency of the US state of Georgia that assists the state's police departments and courts
- Named the first black state trooper.
- Ordered state troopers to desist from using the word "nigger". Nigger is a Noun in the English language, most notable for its usage in a derogatory context to refer to Black people, and also as an informal
- Expanded food stamp programs from 13 to 158 counties.
- He integrated the lines of farmer's markets throughout the state. [5]
Retirement
With his political career over and with massive debts stemming from his 1974 gubernatorial bid, Maddox began a short-lived nightclub comedy career in 1977 with an African-American, Bobby Lee Sears, who had worked as a busboy in his restaurant. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Sears had served time in prison for a drug offense before Maddox, as Lieutenant Governor, was able to assist him in obtaining a pardon. Calling themselves "The Governor and the Dishwasher," the duo performed comedy bits built around musical numbers with Maddox on harmonica and Sears on guitar. A harmonica is a free reed Wind instrument which is played by blowing air into it or drawing air out by placing lips over individual holes (reed chambers or The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles
On September 25, 1977, Maddox suffered a heart attack, but recovered and attended a number of appreciation dinners from Georgia Democrats that reduced his debts. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays In an attempt to raise further money, Maddox auctioned off memorabilia the following year from his days as a restaurateur and a politician. Included in this collection were autographed ax handles. The auction brought only $1,392, but Maddox refused to declare bankruptcy, saying, "I'd rather die. "
Maddox began a real estate company, but never again experienced the financial success he had enjoyed with the "Pickrick. " When he was diagnosed with cancer in 1983, Maddox traveled to the Bahamas for experimental treatment. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Two years later, the facility where he received his treatment was closed due to fears of contamination by AIDS. He never contracted the latter disease, and made a successful recovery from his cancer.
He made one final unsuccessful bid for governor in 1990, then underwent heart surgery the following year. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) He remained a visible figure in his home community of Cobb County for the remainder of his life. Cobb County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. Its County seat and largest city is Marietta, located in the center In 1992 and 1996, Maddox crossed party lines and endorsed unsuccessful populist Republican Patrick J. Buchanan for the presidency. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Patrick Joseph "Pat" Buchanan (born November 2 1938 is an American Political commentator, Author, syndicated Columnist His last public speech was in Atlanta in 2001 at the annual national conference of the Council of Conservative Citizens. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Council of Conservative Citizens ( CofCC) is an American Right-wing organization that supports a large variety of conservative causes along with This group, of which he was a charter member, is considered by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)[6], NAACP, League of United Latin American Citizens, and Anti-Defamation League to be a racist or white supremacist group. The Southern Poverty Law Center ( SPLC) is an American Non-profit legal organization internationally known for its tolerance education programs its legal The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations The League of United Latin American Citizens ( LULAC) is a political advocacy group for Latinos in the United States. The Anti-Defamation League ( ADL) is an Interest group founded in 1913 by B'nai B'rith in the United States whose stated aim is "to stop List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups.
On June 25, 2003, after a fall while recuperating from intestinal surgery in an Atlanta hospice, he died of complications from pneumonia and prostate cancer. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Palliative care (from Latin palliare to cloak is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of Disease Symptoms Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal
Lester Maddox and his wife Virginia were married for sixty-one years. At Maddox's home, a prominent landmark was a sign he had made. The first half of the sign read: "Thanks be to God; He has given me my precious Virginia for 61 years as of May 9, '97. " A second sign was added below it after his wife died shortly after. This sign read: "and God took her from me and carried her home 45 days later. "
The Interstate Highway 75 bridge over the Chattahoochee River at the southeastern boundary of Cobb County, GA is named the Lester and Virginia Maddox Bridge. The Chattahoochee River runs from the Chattahoochee Spring in the Appalachian Mountains of northeastern Georgia, near the Carolinas to the southwestward
Maddox's name also appears in the opening lines of Randy Newman's song "Rednecks," in allusion to his appearance on The Dick Cavett Show:
Last night I saw Lester Maddox on a TV show
With some smart-ass New York Jew
And the Jew laughed at Lester Maddox
And the audience laughed at Lester Maddox too
Well, he may be a fool, but he's our fool
And if they think they're better than him, they're wrong
So I went to the park and I took some paper along
And that's where I made this song
According to an interviewer from the alternative newspaper Creative Loafing, "What offends [Maddox] most is Newman's crude reference to the Jewish man. Randall Stuart “Randy” Newman (born November 28 1943 is an Academy Award –winning American Singer/songwriter, arranger, Composer Rednecks is a song by Randy Newman, the lead-off track on his famous 1974 album Good Old Boys. The Dick Cavett Show has been the title of several Talk shows hosted by Dick Cavett on various Television networks including PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Creative Loafing is the name of four Alternative weekly Newspapers published in four different cities by Tampa Florida -based Creative Loafing "[5] It should be noted, however, that Newman's lines are from the point of view of an unreliable narrator: specifically, a self-proclaimed "redneck" who assumes, incorrectly, that Cavett is Jewish. In literature film theatre and music an unreliable narrator (a term coined by Wayne C
References
- ^ a b Former Georgia Gov. Maddox dies. CNN. com (June 25, 2003). Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
- ^ a b Jacobs, Hal (August 9, 1999). Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Hal's Archives. Southern Currents. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
- ^ Picture of the Pickrick Cafeteria located in Atlanta at 891 Hemphill Avenue near the campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
- ^ Georgia Institute of Technology: Campus Map. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
- ^ a b Jacobs, Hal (March 20, 1999). Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Strange but True Tale of Georgia's Unlikeliest Governor. Creative Loafing. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
- ^ Center Report Exposes Links Between Hate Group, Lawmakers. Southern Poverty Law Center (September 2004). Retrieved on 2007-03-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving
External links
- Lester! from Creative Loafing, March 20, 1999 (with link to his personal rebuttal to the article)
- Entry in New Georgia Encyclopedia
- CNN article: Former Georgia Gov. Maddox Dies
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Carl E. Sanders | Governor of Georgia 1967–1971 | Succeeded by Jimmy Carter |
| Preceded by George T. Smith | Lieutenant Governor of Georgia 1971–1975 | Succeeded by Zell Miller |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by John G. Schmitz | American Independent Party Presidential nominee 1976 | Succeeded by John Rarick |
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