Commune of Le Havre
View of the beach of Le Havre and a part of the rebuilt city
Location
Time Zone	CET (GMT +1)
Coordinates	49.5° N 0.12° E
Administration
Country	France
Region	Haute-Normandie
Department	Seine-Maritime (sous-préfecture)
Arrondissement	Le Havre
Canton	Chief town of 9 cantons
Intercommunality	Communauté d'agglomération havraise
Mayor	Antoine Rufenacht (UMP, 2008-2014)
Statistics
Elevation	0 m–105 m
Land area¹	46. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Haute-Normandie ( Upper Normandy) is one of the 26 regions of France. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Seine-Maritime is a French department in Normandy. Before 1955 it was known as Seine-Inférieure. Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Le Havre is an arrondissement of France located in the Seine-Maritime département, in the Haute-Normandie The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Antoine Rufenacht (born on May 11, 1939 in Le Havre) is a French right-wing politician and mayor of Le Havre. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 95 km²
Population² (1999)	190,905
- Density	4,066/km² (1999)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	76351/ 76600, 76610, 76620
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E

Le Havre, the City Rebuilt by Auguste Perret*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	France
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iv
Reference	1181
Region†	Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription	2005  (29th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO.

Le Havre is a city in the northwest region of France situated on the right bank of the mouth of the Seine River. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. Asia Minor, Cyprus, all of the Aegean Islands, the Canaries A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie It is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department and the Haute-Normandie region. Seine-Maritime is a French department in Normandy. Before 1955 it was known as Seine-Inférieure. Haute-Normandie ( Upper Normandy) is one of the 26 regions of France. The inhabitants of the city are called Havrais or Havraises. It is the most populous commune in the Haute-Normandie region and the largest sub-prefecture in France. It is also a bishop's see.

Le Havre is also used in the sense of "port". The city was first called Franciscopolis, in homage to King Francis I, who took the initiative to construct the city, in addition to Le Havre (or Le Hable) de Grâce, the latter term being derived from the chapel Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, which existed on the site before the city's founding. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547

The city was also dubbed the Porte Océane, or Door to the Ocean. Architecturally, this image has been revived through the "door" that forms the frame at either end of Fochs Avenue, which comes out of the sea. In population, Le Havre ranks second of the French ports, first of the cities in Normandy, and ranks second in the metro areas of Haute-Normandie.

Le Havre was honored with the Legion of Honor award on July 18, 1949. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

UNESCO declared the city center of Le Havre a World Heritage Site on July 15, 2005, in honoring the "innovative utilization of concrete's potential. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. " The 133-hectare space that represents, according to UNESCO, "an exceptional example of architecture and town planning of the post-war era," is one of the rare contemporary World Heritage Sites in Europe.

Le Havre was once synonymous with urban coldness and grayness. The city's inhabitants have done much to change this, and it has been marked by improvement since then. The city is spoken of now as the Brasilia of France. Brasília (bɾaˈziliɐ is the Capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country along a Plateau .

Le Havre's home port code is LH. A Vessel 's home port, or hailing port is its Port of origin as shown on its Registration documents and lettered on the Stern of the ship's

Geography

Le Havre is a subprefecture, the largest in France, and the administrative center of the district bordering the Sainte-Adresse commune. Subprefecture is an Administrative division of a country that is below Prefecture or Province. Sainte-Adresse is a commune in the Seine-Maritime département of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France.

Location

Le Havre is situated in the southwest of the Pays de Caux region. The Pays de Caux is an area in Normandy occupying the greater part of the French département of Seine Maritime in Haute-Normandie The city is surrounded by the seashore of the English Channel to the west, the mouth of the Seine to the south, and the coast to the north. The Seine has, for a long time, marked a natural border between Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie. Haute-Normandie ( Upper Normandy) is one of the 26 regions of France. Basse-Normandie ('Lower Normandy' is an administrative region of France. Thus, the city of Honfleur is, in the expression of the Havrais, "on the other coast. Honfleur is a commune in the Norman département of Calvados in France, located on the southern bank of the estuary " In order to face the city's relative enclosure, the city's connections have multiplied : the most prestigious connection is the Pont de Normandie, which connects the two banks of the Seine, and reduces traveling time between Honfleur and Le Havre to less than a quarter-hour. The Pont de Normandie (or Bridge of Normandy) is a cable-stayed road bridge that spans the river Seine linking Le Havre to Honfleur

Geography

Le Havre is naturally separated into two areas by a cliff. In Geography and Geology, a cliff is a significant vertical or near vertical rock exposure The ville basse, or low city, is composed of the port, the city center, and the peripheral regions. It was constructed upon the ancient marshlands which were drained in the 16th century. In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject The soil is composed of alluvium deposited by the river Seine. Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against" is Soil or Sediments deposited by a river or other running The city center, reconstructed after World War II, lies on approximately a meter (3. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 3 feet) of flattened rubble. The ville haute, or high city, is composed of wealthy, average and unfavorable residential suburbs (Mont-Gaillard, Caucriauville, and Mare-Rouge). The north-west region of the high city (Sainte-Adresse and Dollemard) is the highest in altitude (between 90 and 115 meters. Sainte-Adresse is a commune in the Seine-Maritime département of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France. ) The cape of La Hève is situated at an altitude of approximately 100 meters.

Climate

Governance

Le Havre is a commune and a sous-préfecture of the Seine-Maritime département. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. Seine-Maritime is a French department in Normandy. Before 1955 it was known as Seine-Inférieure. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Le Havre is the largest commune in both the Haute-Normandie region and the Seine-Maritime department, yet is the capital or préfecture of neither, both honors belonging to Rouen. Haute-Normandie ( Upper Normandy) is one of the 26 regions of France. Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital (The only other city in metropolitan France in a similar situation is the city of Reims. Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole, or colloquially l'Hexagone) is the part of France located in Europe, including Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern ) In its support, Rouen does have many more large suburbs than does Le Havre, making its metropolitan area much more populous than Le Havre's. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central

The current mayor of Le Havre is Antoine Rufenacht.

Demographics

The population of the Le Havre commune had 190,905 inhabitants in 1999, which makes it the 12th most populated city in France and the most populated in Haute-Normandie. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Haute-Normandie ( Upper Normandy) is one of the 26 regions of France. It has seen a drop in population, particularly from 1975 to 1982; during these years of industrial crisis the population fell by 18,494. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) During the 1980s the population continued to decrease, though less rapidly. Le Havre's city limit had a population of 248,547 in 1999 (25th in France) and the urban area had a population of 296,773. With 20% of the population less than 20 years old, the city of Le Havre is relatively young, even though the population is shrinking. The foreign-born population is estimated at 8,208, 4. 3% of the population, with a tendency to diminish, as well. Due to the economic changes that had affected the city, the CSP greatly evolved in the 1980s; between 1982 and 1999, the number of blue-collar workers decreased by a third (10,593). Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) At the same time, the number of office workers and professionals has increased by 24. 5%, which partly explains the creation and development of the University of Le Havre. The University of Le Havre ( Université du Havre) is a French university in the Academy of Rouen

History

The city was founded in 1517, when it was named Franciscopolis after Francis I of France, and subsequently named Le Havre-de-Grâce ("Harbor of Grace"; hence Havre de Grace, Maryland). Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Havre de Grace ( HDG) is a city in Harford County Maryland, United States. Le Havre simply means the harbour or the port. Its construction was ordered to replace the ancient harbours of Honfleur and Harfleur whose utility had decreased due to silting. Honfleur is a commune in the Norman département of Calvados in France, located on the southern bank of the estuary Harfleur is a commune in the Seine-Maritime département of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France. The history of the city is inextricably linked to its harbour. In the 18th century, as trade from the West Indies was added to that of France and Europe, Le Havre began to grow. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting On 19 November 1793, the city changed its name to Hâvre de Marat and later Hâvre-Marat in honor of the recently deceased Jean-Paul Marat, who was seen as a martyr of the French Revolution. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an By early 1795, however, Marat's memory had become somewhat tarnished, and on January 13, 1795, Hâvre-Marat changed its name once more to simply Le Havre, its modern name.

During the 19th century, it became an industrial centre. The German-seized city was devastated during the Battle of Normandy in World War II: 5,000 people were killed and 12,000 homes were totally destroyed, mainly by British air attacks. Despite this, Le Havre became the location of one of the biggest Replacement Depots, or "Repple Depples" in the European Theatre of operations in WWII. Thousands of American replacement troops poured through the city before being deployed to combat operations. ^[2] After the war, the center was rebuilt in modernist style by Auguste Perret. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Auguste Perret ( February 12, 1874 - February 25, 1954) was a French Architect and a world leader and specialist in It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

Main sights

An old house in Le Havre.

Church of St. Joseph, Le Havre.

Musée des Beaux-Arts André Malraux, Le Havre.

Downtown Le Havre.

Le Havre/Seine/Honfleur.

Le Havre was heavily bombed during the Second World War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Many historic buildings were lost as a result.

Churches

• Cathedral : the first stone of the building was laid in 1536. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral It is the seat of the Bishop of Le Havre.
• Church of St. Joseph, one of the most recognized symbols of the city. Saint-Joseph Le Havre is a 107-metre tall church in Le Havre, France. The belltower is one of the tallest in France, rising to a height of 106 metres. It was designed by Auguste Perret. Auguste Perret ( February 12, 1874 - February 25, 1954) was a French Architect and a world leader and specialist in
• Church of St. Michel
• Church of St. Vincent [Eglise St. Vincent:[1]
• Church of St. François [Eglise St. François:[2]
• Church of St. Anne [Eglise St. Anne:[3]
• Church of St. Marie
• St. Michel d'Ingouville chapel (15th century) [St. Michel Chapel:[4]
• Graville Abbey, a monastery dedicated to Sainte Honorine, set in grounds on the northern bank of the Seine River. An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie
• Presbyterian Reform Church (Eglise Réformée), 47 rue Anatole France, build in 1857, bombed in 1941, the roof and ceiling was rebuilt in 1953 by two architects of the famous Auguste Perret office: Jacques Lamy and Gérard Dupasquier, Only one building in the town offering the both: ancient and new Perret school architectures in the same building. Holy Office each Sunday morning at 10. 30.

Museums

• Musée des Beaux-Arts André Malraux : this museum houses a collection of art spanning the past five centuries, the impressionist paintings collections are the second most extensive in France after theses of Orsay Museum in Paris. André Malraux (3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976 was a French Author, adventurer and Statesman, and a dominant figure in French politics and culture The Musée d'Orsay is a Museum in Paris, France, on the left bank of the Seine, housed in the former railway station the Gare There are paintings by Claude Monet and other artists who lived and worked in Normandy. Claude Monet ( French klod mɔnɛ also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (14 November 1840 &ndash 5 December 1926 was a founder Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Some of the paintings are from Eugène Boudin,Eugène Delacroix, Gustave Courbet, Edgar Degas, Édouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Georges Seurat, Raoul Dufy, Alfred Sisley. Eugène Boudin ( July 12, 1824 &ndash August 8, 1898) was one of the first French Landscape painters to paint outdoors Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 &ndash 13 August 1863 was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of For the French Admiral see Admiral Courbet (1828-1885 Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet ( 10 June 1819 &ndash Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( February 25, 1841 &ndash December 3, 1919) was a French Artist who was a leading painter in Georges-Pierre Seurat ( December 2, 1859  &ndash March 29, 1891) was a French painter and Draftsman. Raoul Dufy ( 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a French Fauvist painter Alfred Sisley ( October 30, 1839 &ndash January 29, 1899) was an English Impressionist landscape painter who One of the museum's latest purchases is Vague, par temps d'orage by Gustave Courbet. The collection of Olivier Senn (1864-1959), given to the museum in 2004, contains more than 205 paintings. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
• Musée du Vieux Havre
• Musée d'histoire naturelle (Museum of Natural History)

Others

• The Shipowner home (18th century)
• The former tribunal (18th century)
• The town Hall : the modern belfry contains offices
• The "Volcan", cultural center built by Oscar Niemeyer
• Square St. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important Roch
• Japanese Garden

Transport

Le Havre has well developed national road, rail and air links (Octeville airport) and is two hours by train from Paris. Local transport is based primarily on an extensive bus network. The city has plans for a tram network. A ferry service to Portsmouth in the United Kingdom runs from the Terminal de la Citadelle. History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The service is operated by LD Lines. LD Lines are a French -owned Shipping company They are predominantly a freight operator with both deep-sea and Ferry operations but also operate some

Miscellaneous

Twin towns

Sister cities/Twin towns include:

• - Dalian, China
• - Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo
• - Saint Petersburg, Russia
• - Southampton, United Kingdom
• - Tampa, Florida, United States

Births

Le Havre was the birthplace of:

• Georges de Scudéry (1601-1667), novelist, dramatist and poet
• Madeleine de Scudéry (1607-1701), writer
• Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (1737-1814), writer and botanist
• Charles Alexandre Lesueur (1778-1846), naturalist, artist and explorer
• Casimir Delavigne (1793-1843), poet and dramatist
• Gabriel Monod (1844-1912), historian
• Louis Bachelier (1870-1946), mathematician
• Raoul Dufy (1877-1953), painter
• André Caplet (1878-1925), composer and conductor
• René Coty (1882-1962), French president (1954-1959)
• Arthur Honegger (1892-1955), composer, a member of Les Six
• Thomas Roberts (1893-1976), Roman Catholic archbishop
• Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985), artist
• Raymond Queneau (1903-1976), poet and novelist
• Tristan Murail (1947 - ), composer
• Olivier Durand (1967 - ), guitarist and songwriter with Elliott Murphy
• Jerome Soligny (1959 - ), songwriter and journalist
• Laurent Ruquier (1963 - ), journalist
• Jérôme Le Banner (1972 - ), K-1 Fighter

External links

• Official website (English/French/German/Spanish)
• Visitor center
• Port Authority
• Businesses and craftsmen
• Le Havre on the World Heritage photos
• Pictures of Le Havre. The sultan's elephant in Le Havre on october 2006. Pictures & videos
• Slideshow/Pictures of Le Havre. Town, Niemeyer & Auguste Perret Architecture, portuary zone

References