Majnun in the wilderness

Layla and Majnun, also known as The Madman of Layla - in Arabic مجنون ليلى (Majnun-Layla) or قيس وليلى (Qays and Layla), in Persian: ليلى ومجنون (Leyli and Madjnun) and Leyla ile Mecnun (Layla and Majnun) in Turkish - is a classical Middle Eastern love story. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. It is based on the real story of a young man called Qays ibn al-Mulawwah (Arabic : قيس بن الملوح ) from the northern Arabian Peninsula,^[1] in the Umayyad era during the 7th century. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) There were two Arabic versions of the story at the time. Arabic literature ( Arabic: الأدب العربي Al-Adab Al-Arabi) is the writing produced both Prose and Poetry, by speakers ^[2] In one version, he spent his youth together with his cousin, Layla, tending their flocks. In the other version, upon seeing Layla he fell passionately in love with her. In both versions, however, he went mad when her father prevented him from marrying her; for that reason he came to be called Majnun Layla, which means "Driven mad by Layla". To him were attributed a variety of incredibly passionate romantic Arabic poems, considered among the foremost examples of the Udhari school. Arabic poetry ( Arabic, الِشعر العربي ash-shi`ru 'l-`arabiy) is the earliest form of Arabic literature.

Story

Qays ibn al-Mulawwah ibn Muzahim, a Bedouin poet, was from the Bani Aamir tribe of Arabia. The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Banu 'Amir ibn Sa'sa'ah or Banu 'Amir ( بنو عامر بن صعصعة) were a large and ancient Arab tribal confederation originating from central and Arabs are a Semitic people descending from various Old North Arabian tribes The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) He fell in love with Layla bint Mahdi ibn Sa’d from the same tribe, better known as Layla Al-Aamiriya. He soon began creating poems about his love for her, mentioning her name often. Arabic poetry ( Arabic, الِشعر العربي ash-shi`ru 'l-`arabiy) is the earliest form of Arabic literature. When he asked for her hand in marriage her father refused as this would mean a scandal for Layla according to Arab traditions. Soon after, Layla married another man.

When Qays heard of her marriage, he fled the tribe camp and began wandering the surrounding desert. A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. His family eventually gave up on his return and left food for him in the wilderness. He could sometimes be seen reciting poetry to himself or writing in the sand with a stick.

Layla moved to Iraq with her husband, where she became ill and eventually died. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Qays was later found dead in the wilderness in 688 A. For the submarine see Los Angeles class submarine. ---- Events By Place Europe Emperor Justinian II D. near an unknown woman’s grave. He had carved three verses of poetry on a rock near the grave, which are the last three verses attributed to him.

Many other minor incidents happened between his madness and his death. Most of his recorded poetry was composed before his descent into madness.

Among the poems attributed to Qays ibn al-Mulawwah, regarding Layla:^[3]

History and influence

From Arab and Habib folklore the story passed into Persian literature, and in 12th century, Nizami wrote a famous adaptation of Layla and Majnun in Persian. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost Nizami may refer to Nizami Nezami Nizami Armenia Nizami raion, Baku Azerbaijan In his adaptation, the young lovers become acquainted at school and fell desperately in love. However, they could not see each other due to a family feud, and Layla's family arranged for her to marry another man ^[4]. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written early in the Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. ^[5] However, Shakespearean scholars deny any such influence. ^[6] This type of love is known in Arabic culture as "Virgin Love" (Arabic: حب عذري), because the lovers never married or made love. Other famous Virgin Love stories are the stories of "Qays and Lubna", "Kuthair and Azza", "Marwa and Al Majnoun Al Faransi" and "Antara and Abla". The madman of Marwa - known in Arabic as مروة و المجنون الفرنسي (Marwa and Al Majnoon al Faransawi and in Persian simply مروة والمجنون (Marwa and Al Majnun -  'Antara Ibn Shaddād al-'Absi عنترة بن شداد العبسي was a pre-Islamic Arab hero and poet ( fl The literary motif itself is common throughout the world, notably in the Muslim literature of South Asia, such as Urdu ghazals. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a

The Azerbaijani Turkish adaptation of the story, Dâstân-ı Leylî vü Mecnûn (داستان ليلى و مجنون; "The Epic of Layla and Majnun") was written in the 16th century by Fuzûlî. For the administrative region of Azerbaijan see Fizuli Rayon; for the city in Azerbaijan see Füzuli. Fuzûlî's version was borrowed by the renowned Azerbaijani composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov, who used the material to create what became the Middle East's first opera. The Azerbaijanis are an Ethnic group mainly in the Republic of Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Uzeyir Hajibeyov (Üzeyir Hacıbəyov September 18, 1885, Agjabadi – November 23 1948, Baku) was an Azerbaijani It premiered in Baku on January 25, 1908. Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The story had previously been brought to the stage in the late 19th century, when Ahmed Shawqi wrote a poetic play about the tragedy, now considered one of the best in modern Arab poetry. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Ahmed Shawqi (1868 - 1932 ( ar أحمد شوقي) was an Arabic Language poet and Dramatist who pioneered the modern Qays's lines from the play are sometimes confused with his actual poems.

The enduring popularity of the legend has influenced Middle Eastern literature, especially Sufi writers, in whose literature the name Layla refers to their concept of the Beloved. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف The original story is featured in Bahá'u'lláh's Sufi writings, the Seven Valleys. Bahá'u'lláh ( ba-haa-ol-laa "Glory of God" ( November 12, 1817 – May 29, 1892) born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Nuri The Seven Valleys ( Haft-Vádí) is a book written in Persian by Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith. Etymologically, Layla is related to the Hebrew and Arabic words for "night," and is thought to mean "one who works by night. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language " This is an apparent allusion to the fact that the romance of the star-crossed lovers was hidden and kept secret. In the Persian and Arabic languages, the word Majnun means "crazy. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language " In addition to this creative use of language, the tale has also made at least one linguistic contribution, inspiring a Turkish colloquialism: to "feel like Layla" is to feel completely dazed, as might be expected of a person who is literally madly in love. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches A colloquialism is an expression not used in formal speech, writing or Paralinguistics.

Popular culture

• The name "Layla" served as the inspiration for the title of Derek and the Dominos' famous album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs and its title track. Derek and the Dominos were a Blues-rock supergroup formed in the spring of 1970 by guitarist and singer Eric Clapton with keyboardist Bobby Whitlock Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs is a Blues - rock album by Derek and the Dominos. " Layla " is the title track on the Derek and the Dominos album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, released in December 1970 The song "I Am Yours" is a direct quote from a passage in Layla and Majnun.
• The tale of Layla and Majnun has been the subject of various films produced by the Indian film industry beginning in the 1920s. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada One, Laila Majnu, was produced in 1976. Laila Majnu is a 1976 Hindi movie based on the legendary story of Laila and Majnu In 2007, the story was enacted as both a framing story and as a dance-within-a-movie in the film Aaja Nachle. Aaja Nachle ( Hindi:आजा नचले English: Come Let's Dance) is a 2007 Bollywood film

See also

• Yusuf and Zulaikha
• Shirin and Farhad
• Heer Ranjha

Footnotes

References

• Nizami, The Story of Layla & Majpoonun, ISBN 0-930872-52-5
• Nizami and Colin Turner, Layla and Majnun, ISBN 1-85782-161-0

External links

• Laila and Majnun at School: Page from a manuscript of the Laila and Majnun of Nizami