Citizendia

Languages of Algeria
Official languageLiterary Arabic
Major native languageAlgerian Arabic 55%
Minority languageBerber languages 45%
Main immigrant languages
Main foreign languageFrench
Trilingual welcome sign in Isser Municipality, (Boumerdès) written in Arabic, Kabyle (Tifinagh script), and French.
Trilingual welcome sign in Isser Municipality, (Boumerdès) written in Arabic, Kabyle (Tifinagh script), and French. Literary Arabic (ar اللغة العربية الفصحى "the Eloquent Arabic language" or Standard Arabic is the literary and standard variety Algerian Arabic is the variety or varieties of Arabic spoken in Algeria. Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Boumerdès ( Arabic: ولاية بومرداس, Berber: Bumerdas) is a province of northern Algeria, between Algiers Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Kabyle is a Berber language (Kabyle Ṯaqbayliṯ,, ˌθæqβæjˈlɪθ spoken by the Kabyle people Tifinagh ( in Neo-Tifinagh Tifinaɣ in Berber Latin alphabet, tifinaɣ is an Alphabetic script used by some Africans to write their language French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

The official language of Algeria is Arabic, as specified in its constitution since 1963. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In addition to this, Berber has been recognized as a "national language" by constitutional amendment since May 8, 2002. Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today A national language is a Language (or language variant, ie Dialect) which has some connection - de facto or de jure - with Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Between them, these two languages are the native languages of over 99% of Algerians, with Arabic spoken by about 55% and Berber by 45% [1]. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them A first language (also mother tongue, native language, arterial language, or L1) is the language a human being learns from birth French, though it has no official status, is still widely used in government and education (since primary school), due to Algeria's colonial history, and English is also taught from Middle school. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory French rule of Algeria lasted from 1830 to 1962 under a variety of governmental systems English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School

Contents

Currently spoken languages

Arabic

Arabic is the language of 55% of Algeria's population, particularly Algerian Arabic spoken by 50 %; in addition to this, non-native speakers learn Arabic at school, so in fact 83. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Algerian Arabic is the variety or varieties of Arabic spoken in Algeria. 2% of the population understands Standard Arabic or the Algerian Arabic dialect. Literary Arabic (ar اللغة العربية الفصحى "the Eloquent Arabic language" or Standard Arabic is the literary and standard variety In Algeria, as elsewhere, spoken Arabic differs very substantially from written Arabic; Algerian Arabic has a much-simplified vowel system, a substantially changed vocabulary with many new words and many words from Berber, Turkish, and French, and, like all Arabic dialects, has dropped the case endings of the written language. Algerian Arabic is the variety or varieties of Arabic spoken in Algeria. Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people See Arabic languages for the historical family of dialects The Arabic language is a Semitic language with many varieties In Grammar, the case of a Noun or Pronoun indicates its Grammatical function in a greater Phrase or Clause; such as the Within Algerian Arabic itself, there are significant local variations; Jijel Arabic, in particular, is noteworthy for its pronunciation of qaf as kaf and its profusion of Berber loanwords, and the dialects of some ports show influence from Andalusi Arabic brought by refugees from al-Andalus. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation Andalusian Arabic (also known as Andalusi Arabic, Spanish Arabic, or Moorish Arabic) was a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or Algerian Arabic is part of the Maghrebi Arabic dialect continuum, and fades into Moroccan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic along the respective borders. Maghrebi Arabic is a cover term for the varieties of Arabic spoken in the Maghreb, including Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, A dialect continuum is a range of Dialects spoken across a large geographical area differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close and gradually decreasing Moroccan Arabic (also known as Darija, الدارجة) is the variety of Arabic spoken in the Arabic -speaking areas of Morocco Tunisian Arabic is a Maghrebi Dialect of the Arabic language, spoken by some 11 million people

In the Sahara more conservative Bedouin dialects, grouped under the name Saharan Arabic, are spoken; in addition, the many Sahrawi refugees at Tindouf speak Hassaniya Arabic. The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى aṣ-ṣaḥrā´ al-kubra, "The Great Desert" is the world's largest hot Desert and the world's second largest The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously Algerian Saharan Arabic (also known as Saharan Arabic Tamanrasset Arabic Tamanghasset Arabic is a structurally distinct variety of Arabic spoken by an estimated Tindouf (تندوف is the main town in Tindouf Province, Algeria.

Most Jews of Algeria once spoke dialects of Arabic specific to their community, collectively termed "Judeo-Arabic"; however, most came to speak French in the colonial period even before emigrating to France and Israel after independence. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's The Judæo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in the Arab world; the term also refers to French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.

Berber

Percent speaking Berber in each wilaya in 1966
Percent speaking Berber in each wilaya in 1966

The Berber languages (or Berber language) are spoken in many parts of Algeria, but mainly in Kabylia, in the Aurès, and in the Sahara (Tuaregs); 45% of Algerians speak Berber. A wilāyah (ولاية or vilâyet (in Persian and Ottoman Turkish) is an administrative division usually Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today This article focuses on the region in Algeria For the ethnic group see Kabyle people. The Aurès ( Amazigh: Awras) refers to an Amazigh language-speaking region in East Algeria as well as an extension of the Atlas mountain range The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى aṣ-ṣaḥrā´ al-kubra, "The Great Desert" is the world's largest hot Desert and the world's second largest The Tuareg (also Twareg or Touareg, Amazigh: Imuhagh / Itargiyen, besides regional ethnyms are a Nomadic The Berber languages/dialects spoken in Algeria include:

In the north:

Probably extinct, in western Algeria:

In the Sahara:

Until the Phoenicians' arrival, Berber was spoken throughout Algeria, as later attested by early Tifinagh inscriptions. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Tifinagh ( in Neo-Tifinagh Tifinaɣ in Berber Latin alphabet, tifinaɣ is an Alphabetic script used by some Africans to write their language Despite the growth of Punic, Latin, and later Arabic, it remained the main language of Algeria until the invasion of the Banu Hilal in the 11th century. The Punics, (from Latin pūnicus meaning Phoenician were a group of Western Semitic speaking peoples originating from Carthage Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Banu Hilal ( بنو هلال) were a confederation of Arab tribes that migrated from Arabia into North Africa in the 11th century, having

French

French is a part of the standard school curriculum, and is widely understood; Ethnologue estimates indicate that 20% of the population can read and write it[2] other sources estimate much larger percentages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Ethnologue Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics a Christian Some two-thirds of Algerians have a "fairly broad" grasp of French, and half speak it as a second language. [3] French is widely used in media and commerce. There is also a very small community of French native speakers, including pied-noirs who stayed behind, and people raised in French-speaking households. Pied-Noir ("Black-Foot" plural Pieds-Noirs, pronounced /pje During the French colonisation, about one million French native speakers lived in Algeria. The pied-noirs developed a distinctive dialect, termed Pataouète.

English

English, because of its status as a global lingua franca, is taught from the first year of Middle School, and is occasionally used in signs and sometimes in official documents. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School However, only a tiny number of Algerians speak English, most of them younger people.

Sub-Saharan African languages

The Korandje language of the Saharan oasis of Tabelbala is a heavily Berber-influenced variety of Songhay, a language more widely spoken far to the south in Niger. Korandje is by far the most northerly of the Songhay languages. In Geography, an oasis (plural oases) or Cienega ( Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a Desert, typically Tabelbala (تبلبالة is an oasis between Béchar and Tindouf in southwestern Algeria. The Songhay or Songhai languages, (soŋaj or in the dialects of Gao and Timbuktu are a group of closely related Languages Dialects centered on the Niger ( or /ˈnaɪdʒɚ/) officially the Republic of Niger, is a Landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. Another northern Songhay language, Tadaksahak, may be spoken in parts of the far south; its nomadic speakers range over a wide area centered in northern Mali. Tadaksahak is a Songhay language spoken primarily in Mali. Phonology Vowels Consonants Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali is a Landlocked nation in Western Africa.

There are also a few thousand Hausa speakers in the south. Hausa is the Chadic language with the largest number of speakers spoken as a first Language by about 24 million people and as a second language by about 15

Sign languages

Algerian Sign Language is used in Algeria by the deaf; it has sometimes been used on national TV.

Formerly spoken languages

Other

Latin itself, of course, was the language of the Roman occupation; it became widely spoken in the coastal towns, and Augustine attests that in his day it was gaining ground over Punic. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Punics, (from Latin pūnicus meaning Phoenician were a group of Western Semitic speaking peoples originating from Carthage However, it gave way to Arabic and Berber after the Umayyads' conquest, leaving only a few loanwords in those two languages. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation

Phoenician

Phoenician, particularly in its North African Punic form, was brought to Algeria by Carthage's influence, and was widely spoken in its east for a time; Augustine grew up speaking it, and quotes occasional phrases. Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal region then called Pūt in Ancient Egyptian Canaan in Phoenician, Hebrew, and The Punics, (from Latin pūnicus meaning Phoenician were a group of Western Semitic speaking peoples originating from Carthage Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers However, by his time the language was losing ground to Latin, and no trace of it survives now (apart from occasional names of places).

Ottoman Turkish

Ottoman rule after the 16th century brought a dominant minority of Turks to Algeria, particularly concentrated in the large cities; for a while, Ottoman Turkish became a major governmental language. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family However, over time these Turks gradually assimilated, and, while many families of partial Turkish descent remain in Algeria, none speak the language.

References

  1. ^ http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/AXL/, Jacques Leclerc, L’aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
  2. ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/
  3. ^ Algérie: situation géographique et démolinguistique

External links

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