Citizendia

For other uses, see Lake District (disambiguation).
The panorama across Eskdale from Ill Crag. Harter Fell and Hard Knott can be seen, also a small tarn.
The panorama across Eskdale from Ill Crag. Ill Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. By some counts it is the fourth highest peak in England although many people including Alfred Harter Fell and Hard Knott can be seen, also a small tarn. To read about the Harter Fell near Mardale in the Lake District see Harter Fell (Mardale. Hard Knott is a hill in the English Lake District, at the head of Eskdale. A tarn (or corrie loch) is a mountain Lake or pool formed in a Cirque excavated by a Glacier.

The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous for its lakes and its mountains (or fells), and its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the Lake Poets. The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century

The central and most-visited part of the area is contained in the Lake District National Park — one of fourteen National parks in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has 14 national parks, 9 in England, 3 in Wales, and two in Scotland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located It lies entirely within Cumbria, and is one of England's few mountainous regions. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy All the land in England higher than three thousand feet above sea level lies within the National Park. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The Lake District also contains Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. |} At 978 metres (3209 feet Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England.

Contents

Geography

General geography

The location of the Lake District, shown in white, within Northern England
The location of the Lake District, shown in white, within Northern England

The Lake District is about 34 miles (55 km) across. Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line Its features are a result of periods of glaciation, the most recent of which ended some 15,000 years ago. "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. "Last glacial" redirects here For the period of maximum glacier extent during this time see Last Glacial Maximum The last glacial period These include the ice-carved wide U-shaped valleys, many of which are now filled with the lakes that give the park its name. In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is The upper regions contain a number of glacial cirques, which are typically filled with tarns. A cirque ( French for " Circus " is an Amphitheatre -like Valley, or valley head formed at the head of a Glacier by A tarn (or corrie loch) is a mountain Lake or pool formed in a Cirque excavated by a Glacier. The higher fells are rocky, with lower fells being open moorland, notable for its wide bracken and heather coverage. Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas characterised by low growing vegetation on Acidic soils Brackens ( Pteridium) are a genus of about ten species of large coarse Ferns in the family Dennstaedtiaceae. Calluna vulgaris (also known as Ling is the sole species in the Genus Calluna in the family Ericaceae. Below the tree line, native oak woodlands sit alongside nineteenth century pine plantations. The tree line or timberline is the edge of the habitat at which Trees are capable of growing The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. Much of the land is often boggy, due to the high rainfall. A bog or mire is a Wetland type that accumulates Acidic Peat, a deposit of dead plant material &ndash usually Mosses but also The Lake District is one of the most highly populated national parks. Its total area is near 885 square miles (2,292 km²), and the Lake District was designated as a National Park in 1951. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of

North-West

The north-western area stands between the valleys of Borrowdale and Buttermere, with Honister Pass joining the two dales. Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District in Cumbria, England. Buttermere is a Lake in the north-west of the English Lake District. The Honister Pass is a Mountain pass on the B5289 road, in the Lake District, linking Seatoller in the valley of Borrowdale, to Gatesgarth at This area comprises the Newlands Fells (Dale Head, Robinson, Catbells) and the ridge joining them. The Newlands Valley is located within the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England at the approximate grid reference of. Fell (from the Old Norse fjall, 'mountain' is a word used to refer to Mountains or certain types of mountainous landscape in Scandinavia Dale Head is a Fell in the northwestern sector of the Lake District, in northern England. Catbells is a Fell in the English Lake District in the County of Cumbria. To the north stand Grasmoor, Grisedale Pike and the hills around the valley of Coledale, and in the far north-west is Thornthwaite Forest and Lord's Seat. Grasmoor is a Mountain in the north-western part of the Lake District, northern England. |} Grisedale Pike is a Fell in the Lake District, Cumbria, England situated 7  km west of the town of Keswick in Lord's Seat is a Fell in the English Lake District. It is the highest of the group of hills north of Whinlatter Pass in the North Western The fells in this area are rounded Skiddaw slate, with few tarns and relatively few rock faces. Skiddaw slate is an early Ordovician metamorphosed Sedimentary rock, as first identified on the slopes of Skiddaw in the English Lake District

West

The western part is the area between Buttermere and Wasdale, with Sty Head forming the apex of a large triangle. Wasdale (pronounced as woz -dale not waz -dale is a Valley in the western Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England Sty Head is a Mountain pass in the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. Ennerdale bisects the area, which consists of the High Stile ridge north of Ennerdale, the Loweswater Fells in the far north west, the Pillar group in the south west, and Great Gable (2,949 feet/899 metres) near Sty Head. High Stile is a Mountain in the western part of the Lake District in northwest England. Loweswater is one of the smaller Lakes in the English Lake District. |} Pillar is a Mountain in the western part of the English Lake District. Great Gable is a mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District, appearing as a pyramid from Wasdale (hence its name but as a dome Other tops include Seatallan, Haystacks and Kirk Fell. Seatallan is a mountain in the western part of the English Lake District. Haystacks, or Hay Stacks, is a hill in England 's Lake District, situated at the south-eastern end of the Buttermere Valley |} Kirk Fell is a Fell in the Western part of the English Lake District. This area is craggy and steep, with the impressive pinnacle of Pillar Rock its showpiece. Wastwater, located in this part, is England's deepest lake. Distinguish from Waste water. Wast Water or Wastwater is a Lake in the Lake District National Park, England Rising up around the Western Valley of Wasdale is Scafell Pike, England's highest mountain.

Central

A Herdwick grazing above Thirlmere.
A Herdwick grazing above Thirlmere. The Herdwick is a traditional breed of Domestic sheep native to the mountainous Lake District of Cumbria in North West England. Thirlmere is a Reservoir in the Lake District National Park, Cumbria, England.

The central part is the lowest in terms of elevation. It takes the form of a long boot-shaped ridge running from Loughrigg Fell above Ambleside – a popular tourist destination – to Keswick, with Derwent Water on the west and Thirlmere on the east. Loughrigg Fell is a hill in the central part of the English Lake District. Ambleside is a Town in Cumbria, in north-west England.It is situated at the head of Windermere, England's largest lake Keswick (pronounced "kez-ick" /ˈkɛzɪk/ is a Market town within the district of Allerdale, Cumbria, England. Not to be confused with Derwent Reservoir in Derbyshire Derwent Water (or Derwentwater) is one of the principal bodies of water in the Thirlmere is a Reservoir in the Lake District National Park, Cumbria, England. The Langdale Pikes, with High Raise behind them, are another feature popular with walkers. Great Langdale is a Valley in the Lake District National park in the county of Cumbria, in the northwest of England. |} High Raise is a Fell in the Central Fells of the English Lake District not to be confused with another High Raise situated in the The central ridge running north over High Seat is exceptionally boggy. High Seat is a Fell in the centre of the English Lake District.

East

The eastern area consists of a long north-to-south ridge – the Helvellyn range, running from Clough Head to Seat Sandal with the 3,118-foot (950 m) Helvellyn at its highest point. A ridge is a geological feature that features a continuous elevational crest for some distance Helvellyn range is the name given to a part of the Eastern Fells in the English Lake District, Fell being the local word for hill Clough Head is a Fell in the English Lake District. It is the northernmost top of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells, standing Seat Sandal is a Fell in the English Lake District, it is situated four kilometres north of the village of Grasmere from where it is very |} Helvellyn is a mountain in the English Lake District, the apex of the Eastern Fells. The western slopes of these summits tend to be grassy, with rocky corries and crags on the eastern side. A cirque ( French for " Circus " is an Amphitheatre -like Valley, or valley head formed at the head of a Glacier by The Fairfield group lies to the south of the range, and forms a similar pattern with towering rock faces and hidden valleys spilling into the Patterdale valley. Fairfield is a Fell in the English Lake District. It is the highest of a group of hills in the Eastern Fells, standing to the south of the Patterdale is the name of a small village in the eastern part of the English Lake District, and is also the name given to the long valley in which it sits although It culminates in the height of Red Screes overlooking the Kirkstone Pass. Red Screes is a Fell in the English Lake District, situated between the villages of Patterdale and Ambleside. Kirkstone Pass is a Mountain pass in the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria.

Far-East

The far-eastern fells lie on the other side of Patterdale and are characterised by steep sides leading up to a huge moorland plateau, again on a north–south axis. Patterdale is the name of a small village in the eastern part of the English Lake District, and is also the name given to the long valley in which it sits although In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting High Street is the highest point on the ridge, overlooking the hidden valley of Mardale and Haweswater. High Street is a Fell in the English Lake District. At 828 metres (2718 ft its summit is the highest point in the far eastern part of Mardale is a Glacial valley in the Lake District, in northern England. Haweswater is a Reservoir in the English Lake District built in the valley of Mardale in the county of Cumbria. In the south of this region are the fells overlooking Kentmere, and to the east is Shap Fell, a huge area that is more akin to the Pennines than the Lakes, consisting of high flat moorland. Kentmere Valley ( is situated in the Lake District National Park, a few miles from Kendal, Cumbria, England. Shap is a Linear village located amongst Fells and isolated dales in Eden district, Cumbria, England. The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas characterised by low growing vegetation on Acidic soils

Mid-West

The mid-western fells form a triangular shape, with the corners at the Irish Sea, Borrowdale and Langdale. The Irish Sea ( Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann; Scottish Gaelic: Muir Eireann Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District in Cumbria, England. Great Langdale is a Valley in the Lake District National park in the county of Cumbria, in the northwest of England. They comprise the Wastwater Screes overlooking Wasdale, the Glaramara ridge overlooking Borrowdale, the three tops of Crinkle Crags, Bowfell and Esk Pike overlooking Langdale and Scafell Pike in the centre, at 3,209 feet (978 m) the highest ground in England. Distinguish from Waste water. Wast Water or Wastwater is a Lake in the Lake District National Park, England |} Glaramara is a Fell in the English Lake District in Cumbria. |} Crinkle Crags is a Fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria. |} Bowfell (named Bow Fell on Ordnance Survey maps is a Pyramid -shaped mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District Esk Pike is a Fell in the English Lake District, one of the great cirque of hills forming the head of Eskdale. |} At 978 metres (3209 feet Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. Scafell one mile (1. |} Sca Fell (also spelled Scafell, and traditionally ˈskɔːfəl ( Scawfle) though the alternative pronunciation /skɑːˈfɛl/ is common nowadays is a 6 km) to the south-west is slightly lower but has an 700-foot (210 m) rock face on its north face, Scafell Crag. The valley of Eskdale penetrates this upland wilderness. For articles about other places named Eskdale, see Eskdale (disambiguation. These fells are the most rugged and craggy of all, and consequently going is slower amongst the tumbled granite. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock.

South-West

The south-western fells have as their northern boundary the Hardknott and Wrynose Passes. Hardknott Pass is a pass that carries a minor road between Eskdale and the Duddon Valley in the English county of Cumbria, England, in the The Wrynose Pass is a mountain pass in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England between the Duddon Valley and Little Langdale These are particularly narrow and steep, with tight hairpin bends. The Furness Fells (invariably referred to as the Coniston Fells by walkers) stand between Coniston and the Duddon Valley, which runs NE-SW through the centre of the area. The Furness Fells are those hills and mountains in the Furness region of Cumbria, England. Coniston is a Village in the region of Furness, England. It is located in the southern part of the Lake District National Park, between The Duddon Valley is a valley in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. On the other side of the Duddon is Harter Fell and the long ridge leading over Whitfell to Black Combe and the sea. To read about the Harter Fell near Mardale in the Lake District see Harter Fell (Mardale. Whitfell (or sometimes Whit Fell is a hill in the southwestern part of the Lake District. Black Combe is a Fell in the far south of the English Lake District, just four Miles from the Irish Sea. The south of this region consists of lower forests and knolls, with Kirkby Moor on the southern boundary. Kirkby Moor is a poorly defined Moorland area in southern Cumbria, England, named after the village of Kirkby-in-Furness, but stretching The South-western Lake District ends near the Furness peninsulas, which leads to Cumbria's second largest settlement (Barrow-in-Furness). Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy Barrow-in-Furness is an industrial town and Seaport in Cumbria, England. The Castlehead field centre is in this area.

South-East

The south-eastern area is the territory between Coniston Water and Windermere and east of Windermere. Coniston Water (usually simply called Coniston locally in Cumbria, England is the third largest lake in the English Lake District. Windermere is the largest natural Lake in England. It has been one of the country’s most popular places for holidays and summer homes since 1847 when the Kendal There are no high summits in this group; it is mainly low hills, knolls and bumpy terrain such as Gummer's How, Whitbarrow and Top o' Selside. Gummer's How is a hill in the southern part of the Lake District, on the eastern shore of Windermere, near its southern end Whitbarrow is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and National Nature Reserve in Cumbria, and forms part of the Morecambe Bay Pavements The wide expanse of Grizedale Forest stands between the two lakes. Grizedale Forest is a 2447 km² area of Woodland in the Lake District of North West England, located to the east of Coniston Water and Kendal and Morecambe Bay mark the edge. Kendal is a Market town and Civil parish within the South Lakeland district of Cumbria, England. Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park

25 highest Peaks

The 25 highest peaks (of those given an individual chapter in the Pictorial Guides by Alfred Wainwright) are:

The impressive bulk of the Scafell massif, the highest ground in England, seen over the Wastwater valley
The impressive bulk of the Scafell massif, the highest ground in England, seen over the Wastwater valley
  1. Scafell Pike, 978 m (3,210 ft)
  2. Scafell, 965 m (3,162 ft)
  3. Helvellyn, 951 m (3,118 ft)
  4. Skiddaw, 931 m (3,054 ft)
  5. Great End, 910 m (2,986 ft)
  6. Bowfell, 902 m (2,960 ft)
  7. Great Gable, 899 m (2,949 ft)
  8. Pillar, 892 m (2,926 ft)
  9. Nethermost Pike, 891 m (2,923 ft)
  10. Catstycam, 889 m (2,917 ft)
  11. Esk Pike, 885 m (2,903 ft)
  12. Raise (Lake District), 883 m (2,896 ft)
  13. Fairfield, 873 m (2,863 ft)
  14. Blencathra, 868 m (2,847 ft)
  15. Skiddaw Little Man, 865 m (2,837 ft)
  16. White Side, 863 m (2,831 ft)
  17. Crinkle Crags, 859 m (2,818 ft)
  18. Dollywaggon Pike, 858 m (2,815 ft)
  19. Great Dodd, 857 m (2807 ft)
  20. Grasmoor, 852 m (2,795 ft)
  21. Stybarrow Dodd, 843 m (2,772 ft)
  22. St Sunday Crag, 841 m (2,759 ft)
  23. Scoat Fell, 841 m (2,759 ft)
  24. Crag Hill, 839 m (2,753 ft)
  25. High Street, 828 m (2,717 ft)

A more extensive list of fells can be found on the list of fells in the Lake District. Alfred ("A" Wainwright MBE (17 January 1907 &ndash 20 January 1991 was a British hillwalker, guidebook Author and Illustrator |} Sca Fell (also spelled Scafell, and traditionally ˈskɔːfəl ( Scawfle) though the alternative pronunciation /skɑːˈfɛl/ is common nowadays is a Distinguish from Waste water. Wast Water or Wastwater is a Lake in the Lake District National Park, England |} At 978 metres (3209 feet Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. |} Sca Fell (also spelled Scafell, and traditionally ˈskɔːfəl ( Scawfle) though the alternative pronunciation /skɑːˈfɛl/ is common nowadays is a |} Helvellyn is a mountain in the English Lake District, the apex of the Eastern Fells. |} Skiddaw is a Mountain in the Lake District National Park in the United Kingdom. |} Great End is the most northerly Mountain in the Scafell chain in the English Lake District. |} Bowfell (named Bow Fell on Ordnance Survey maps is a Pyramid -shaped mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District Great Gable is a mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District, appearing as a pyramid from Wasdale (hence its name but as a dome |} Pillar is a Mountain in the western part of the English Lake District. Nethermost Pike is a Fell in the English Lake District. At 891  m it is the second highest Wainwright in the Helvellyn Catstye Cam is a Fell in the English Lake District. It is an outlier of Helvellyn in the Eastern Fells. Esk Pike is a Fell in the English Lake District, one of the great cirque of hills forming the head of Eskdale. Raise is a Fell in the English Lake District. It stands on the main spine of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells, between Fairfield is a Fell in the English Lake District. It is the highest of a group of hills in the Eastern Fells, standing to the south of the |} Blencathra is one of the most northerly mountains in the English Lake District. Skiddaw Little Man also called Little Man is a Fell in the English Lake District, it is situated four kilometres north of the town of Keswick White Side is a Fell in the English Lake District. It is situated to the east of Thirlmere and to the west of Glenridding valley |} Crinkle Crags is a Fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria. Dollywaggon Pike is a Fell in the English Lake District. It stands on the main spine of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells Great Dodd is a Fell in the English Lake District. It stands on the main spine of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells, between Grasmoor is a Mountain in the north-western part of the Lake District, northern England. |} Stybarrow Dodd is a Fell in the English Lake District. It stands on the main spine of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells, St Sunday Crag is a Fell in the English Lake District, part of the Fairfield group in the Eastern Fells. |} Scoat Fell is a Fell in the western part of the English Lake District. Crag Hill is a Mountain in the North Western part of the English Lake District. High Street is a Fell in the English Lake District. At 828 metres (2718 ft its summit is the highest point in the far eastern part of This is a list of Fells hills mountains groups of mountains and subsidiary summits and tops in the Lake District, England.

Lakes

Boats on Ullswater
Boats on Ullswater

Only one lake in the National Park has the word "Lake" in its name, namely Bassenthwaite Lake. Bassenthwaite Lake is one of the largest Lakes in the Lake District of England. All the others such as Windermere, Coniston Water, Ullswater and Buttermere use other forms, with mere being particularly common. Windermere is the largest natural Lake in England. It has been one of the country’s most popular places for holidays and summer homes since 1847 when the Kendal Coniston Water (usually simply called Coniston locally in Cumbria, England is the third largest lake in the English Lake District. Ullswater is the second largest Lake in the English Lake District, being approximately 9 miles (14 Buttermere is a Lake in the north-west of the English Lake District. Mere in British English refers to a Lake that is broad in relation to its depth e The major lakes and reservoirs in the National Park are given below.

More lakes, tarns and reservoirs can be found on the list of lakes in the Lake District. Bassenthwaite Lake is one of the largest Lakes in the Lake District of England. Buttermere is a Lake in the north-west of the English Lake District. Coniston Water (usually simply called Coniston locally in Cumbria, England is the third largest lake in the English Lake District. Crummock Water is a Lake in the Lake District in Cumbria, England situated between Buttermere to the south and Loweswater Not to be confused with Derwent Reservoir in Derbyshire Derwent Water (or Derwentwater) is one of the principal bodies of water in the Devoke Water is a small Lake in the mid-west region of the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. Ennerdale Water is the most westerly lake in the Lake District National park in Cumbria, northern England. Esthwaite Water is one of the smaller and less well-known Lakes in the Lake District national park in northern England. Grasmere is a village in central Cumbria, England. It is also the name of the adjacent Lake. Haweswater is a Reservoir in the English Lake District built in the valley of Mardale in the county of Cumbria. Loweswater is one of the smaller Lakes in the English Lake District. Rydal Water is a small Lake in the central region of the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. Thirlmere is a Reservoir in the Lake District National Park, Cumbria, England. Ullswater is the second largest Lake in the English Lake District, being approximately 9 miles (14 Distinguish from Waste water. Wast Water or Wastwater is a Lake in the Lake District National Park, England Windermere is the largest natural Lake in England. It has been one of the country’s most popular places for holidays and summer homes since 1847 when the Kendal This list contains the lakes tarns and reservoirs in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England.

Geology

The Lake District's geology is complex but well-studied. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Its oldest rocks are the Skiddaw Slate series and the Borrowdale Volcanic series dating back to the Ordovician, some 500 million years ago. Skiddaw slate is an early Ordovician metamorphosed Sedimentary rock, as first identified on the slopes of Skiddaw in the English Lake District The Borrowdale Volcanic Group is a development of volcanic rocks named after the Borrowdale area of the Lake District, in England. The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six of the Paleozoic era, and covers the time between 488 The Skiddaw Slates are found in the northern part of the park and were probably deposited in shallow seas; their thickness is unknown. The Borrowdale Volcanic rocks are more extensive and form the Lakes' highest peaks, being resistant to weathering. Later intrusions have formed individual outcrops of igneous rock in both these series. In Geology, an intrusion is a body of Igneous rock that has Crystallized from molten Magma below the surface of the Earth. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire are rocks formed by solidification of cooled Magma (molten rock The other large rock group is the Silurian Windermere Group, made of Limestone that rests upon the volcanic rocks. The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician period about 443 The Windermere supergroup is a Geological unit formed during the Ordovician to Silurian periods ~ and exposed in the north west of England, including the Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Many smaller series are also present.

Climate

The Lake District's location on the north west coast of England, coupled with its mountainous geography, makes it the dampest part of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The UK Met Office reports average annual precipitation of more than 2,000 millimetres (80 in), but with very large local variation. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Although the entire region receives above average rainfall, there is a wide disparity between the amount of rainfall in the western and eastern lakes. Lake District has relief rainfall. A relief is a Sculptured Artwork where a modeled form is raised (or alternatively lowered from a flattened background without being disconnected from it Seathwaite in Borrowdale is the wettest inhabited place in the British Isles with an average of 3,300 millimetres (130 in) of rain a year, while nearby Sprinkling Tarn is even wetter, recording over 5,000 millimetres (200 in) per year; by contrast, Keswick, at the end of Borrowdale receives 1,470 millimetres (60 in) per year, and Penrith (just outside the Lake District) only 870 millimetres (30 in). Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District in Cumbria, England. The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District in Cumbria, England. Penrith is a Market town in the county of Cumbria, England. It is in the Eden Valley just north of the River Eamont, and lies less than March to June tend to be the driest months, with October to January the wettest, but at low levels there is relatively little difference between months.

The Lake District is also windy, although sheltered valleys experience gales on an average of five days a year. A gale is a very strong Wind. There are conflicting definitions of how strong In contrast, the coastal areas have 20 days of gales; while the fell tops may have 100 days of gales per year.

The maritime climate means that the Lake District experiences relatively moderate temperature variations through the year. Mean temperature in the valleys ranges from about 3 °C (37 °F) in January to around 15 °C (59 °F) in July. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 (By comparison, Moscow, at the same latitude, ranges from -10 °C to 19 °C/14°F to 66°F). Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of

The relatively low height of most of the fells means that, while snow is expected during the winter, they can be free of snow at any time of the year. Normally, significant snow fall only occurs between November and April. On average, snow falls on Helvellyn 67 days per year. |} Helvellyn is a mountain in the English Lake District, the apex of the Eastern Fells. During the year, valleys typically experience 20 days with snow falling, a further 200 wet days, and 145 dry days.

Hill fog is common at any time of year, and the fells average only around 2. Fog is a cloud that is in contact with the ground Stratus clouds are usually the only clouds that touch the ground 5 hours of sunshine per day, increasing to around 4. 1 hours per day on the coastal plains.

Wildlife

The area is home to a plethora of wildlife, some of which is unique in England. It provides a home for the red squirrel and colonies of sundew, one of the few carnivorous plants native to Britain. The red squirrel or Eurasian red squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris) is a Species of Tree squirrel ( Genus Sciurus The Sundews ( Drosera) comprise one of the largest genera of Carnivorous plants with over 170 Species. Carnivorous plants (sometimes called insectivorous plants) are Plants that derive some or most of their Nutrients (but not Energy) from trapping See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands England's only nesting pair of Golden Eagles can be found in the Lake District. The Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere Sadly the female Golden Eagle has not been seen since 2004 although the male still remains. The Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere [1]

The lakes of the Lake District support three rare and endangered species of fish: the vendace, which can be found only in Bassenthwaite Lake and Derwent Water, the schelly, which lives in Brothers Water, Haweswater, Red Tarn and Ullswater, and the Arctic charr, which can be found in Buttermere, Coniston Water, Crummock Water, Ennerdale Water, Haweswater, Loweswater, Thirlmere, Wast water, and Windermere. Coregonus vandesius is a Freshwater Fish found in the United Kingdom. The Schelly or common whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus) is a rare and endangered species of freshwater Fish, in the Whitefish family Arctic char or Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus) is both a Freshwater and saltwater Fish in the Salmonidae family

The vendace (Coregonus vandesius) is England's rarest species of fish, and is only found in the Lake District.
The vendace (Coregonus vandesius) is England's rarest species of fish, and is only found in the Lake District. Coregonus vandesius is a Freshwater Fish found in the United Kingdom.

In recent years, some important changes have been made to fisheries byelaws covering the north-west region of England, to help protect some of the rarest fish species. The Environment Agency has introduced a new fisheries byelaw, banning the use of all freshwater fish as live bait or as dead bait in 14 of the lakes in the Lake District. The Environment Agency (Asiantaeth yr Amgylchedd is a Non-Departmental Public Body of the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs and an Assembly Anglers who do not comply with the new byelaw could face fines of up to £2,500. The byelaw was introduced on 26 July 2002. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

There are 14 lakes in the Lake District which are affected. These are: Bassenthwaite Lake, Brothers Water, Buttermere, Coniston Water, Crummock Water, Derwent Water, Ennerdale Water, Haweswater, Loweswater, Red Tarn, Thirlmere, Ullswater, Wast Water and Windermere.

The lakes and waters of the Lake District do not naturally support as many species of fish as other similar habitats in the south of the country and elsewhere in Europe. Some fish that do thrive there are particularly at risk from accidental or deliberate introduction of new species.

The introduction of non-native fish can lead to the predation of the native fish fauna or competition for food. There is also the risk of disease being introduced, which can further threaten native populations. In some cases, the introduced species can disturb the environment so much that it becomes unsuitable for particular fish. For example, a major problem has been found with ruffe. The Eurasian Ruffe ( Gymnocephalus cernuus) is a freshwater Fish found in temperate regions of Europe and northern Asia. This non-native fish has now been introduced into a number of lakes in recent years. It is known that ruffe eat the eggs of vendace, which are particularly vulnerable because of their long incubation period. This means that they are susceptible to predators for up to 120 days. The eggs of other fish, for example roach, are only at risk for as little as three days.

Industry and agriculture

Forestry operations on Harter Fell
Forestry operations on Harter Fell

In Neolithic times, the Lake District was a major source of stone axes, examples of which have been found all over Britain. To read about the Harter Fell near Mardale in the Lake District see Harter Fell (Mardale. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos The axe, or ax, is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape split and cut Wood, Harvest timber, as a Weapon The primary site, on the slopes of the Langdale Pikes, is sometimes described as a "stone axe factory" of the Langdale axe industry. The Langdale axe industry is the name given by archaeologists to the centre of a specialised Stone tool manufacturing at Great Langdale in England 's Some of the earliest stone circles in Britain are connected with this industry. A stone circle is an ancient monument Such a monument is not always precisely circular and often forms an ellipse or a setting of four stones laid on an arc of a circle

Since Roman times, farming, in particular of sheep, was the major industry in the region. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture The breed most closely associated with the area is the tough Herdwick, with Rough Fell and Swaledale sheep also common. The Herdwick is a traditional breed of Domestic sheep native to the mountainous Lake District of Cumbria in North West England. The Rough Fell is an upland breed of Sheep, originating in the UK. Swaledale is a breed of Domestic sheep named after the Yorkshire valley of Swaledale. Sheep farming remains important both for the economy of the region and for preserving the landscape which visitors want to see. Features such as dry stone walls, for example, are there as a result of sheep farming. Dry stone is a building method by which structures are constructed from stones without any mortar to bind them together Some land is also used for silage and dairy farming. For the Christian Alternative band please see Silage (band Silage is fermented, high-moisture Fodder that can Dairy farming is a class of agricultural, or an Animal husbandry enterprise for long-term production of Milk, which may be either processed on-site or There are extensive plantations of non-native pine trees.

The area was badly affected by the foot-and-mouth outbreak across the United Kingdom in 2001. Foot-and-mouth disease ( FMD) or hoof-and-mouth disease ( Aphtae epizooticae) is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Thousands of sheep, grazing on the fellsides across the District, were destroyed. In replacing the sheep, one problem to overcome was that many of the lost sheep were heafed, that is, they knew their part of the unfenced fell and did not stray, with this knowledge being passed between generations. With all the sheep lost at once, this knowledge has to be re-learnt and some of the fells have had discreet electric fences strung across them for a period of five years, to allow the sheep to "re-heaf". Fell (from the Old Norse fjall, 'mountain' is a word used to refer to Mountains or certain types of mountainous landscape in Scandinavia

Mining, particularly of copper, lead (often associated with quantities of silver), baryte, graphite and slate, was historically a major lakeland industry, mainly from the 16th century to the 19th century. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Baryte ( Ba[[Sulfur S]] O 4 is a Mineral consisting of Barium sulfate. The Mineral graphite, as with Diamond and Fullerene, is one of the Allotropes of carbon. Slate is a fine-grained foliated homogeneous, Metamorphic rock derived from an original Shale -type Sedimentary rock composed of Clay Coppiced woodland was used extensively to provide charcoal for smelting. Some mining still takes place today — for example slate mining continues at the Honister Mines, at the top of Honister Pass. The Honister Pass is a Mountain pass on the B5289 road, in the Lake District, linking Seatoller in the valley of Borrowdale, to Gatesgarth at Abandoned mine-workings can be found on fell-sides throughout the district. The locally-mined graphite led to the development of the pencil industry, especially around Keswick. A pencil is a Writing or Drawing instrument consisting of a thin stick of Pigment (usually Graphite, but can also be coloured pigment or Keswick (pronounced "kez-ick" /ˈkɛzɪk/ is a Market town within the district of Allerdale, Cumbria, England.

A typical Lake District scene
A typical Lake District scene

In the middle of the 19th century, half the world textile industry's bobbin supply came from the Lake District area. Over the past century, however, tourism has grown rapidly to become the area's primary source of income. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

Development of tourism

Early visitors to the Lake District, who travelled for the education and pleasure of the journey, include Celia Fiennes who in 1698 undertook a journey the length of England, including riding through Kendal and over Kirkstone Pass into Patterdale. Celia Fiennes ( 7 June 1662 - 10 April 1741) was an English traveller England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Kendal is a Market town and Civil parish within the South Lakeland district of Cumbria, England. Kirkstone Pass is a Mountain pass in the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. Patterdale is the name of a small village in the eastern part of the English Lake District, and is also the name given to the long valley in which it sits although Her experiences and impressions were published in her book Great Journey to Newcastle and Cornwall:

As I walked down at this place I was walled on both sides by those inaccessible high rocky barren hills which hang over one’s head in some places and appear very terrible; and from them springs many little currents of water from the sides and clefts which trickle down to some lower part where it runs swiftly over the stones and shelves in the way, which makes a pleasant rush and murmuring noise and like a snowball is increased by each spring trickling down on either side of those hills, and so descends into the bottoms which are a Moorish ground in which in many places the waters stand, and so form some of those Lakes as it did here.

In 1724, Daniel Defoe published the first volume of A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain. Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 — April 24, 1731 was an English Writer, Journalist, and Pamphleteer, who gained enduring fame for He commented on Westmorland that it was:

the wildest, most barren and frightful of any that I have passed over in England, or even Wales itself; the west side, which borders on Cumberland, is indeed bounded by a chain of almost unpassable mountains which, in the language of the country, are called fells. Westmorland (formerly also spelt Westmoreland, an even older spelling is Westmerland) is an area of north-west England and one of the 39 Historic counties

Towards the end of the 18th century, the area was becoming more popular with travellers. This was partly a result of wars in Continental Europe, restricting the possibility of travel there. Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the Continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European In 1778 Father Thomas West produced A Guide to the Lakes, which began the era of modern tourism. Thomas West can refer to Thomas West 2nd Baron De La Warr Thomas West 3rd Baron De La Warr Thomas West 8th Baron De

Claife Station on the western shore of Windermere
Claife Station on the western shore of Windermere

West listed "stations" - viewpoints where tourists could enjoy the best views of the landscape, being encouraged to appreciated the formal qualities of the landscape and to apply aesthetic values. Windermere is the largest natural Lake in England. It has been one of the country’s most popular places for holidays and summer homes since 1847 when the Kendal At some of these stations, buildings were erected to help this process. The remains of Claife Station (on the western shore of Windermere below Claife Heights) can be visited today. Windermere is the largest natural Lake in England. It has been one of the country’s most popular places for holidays and summer homes since 1847 when the Kendal

William Wordsworth published his Guide to the Lakes in 1810, and by 1835 it had reached its fifth edition, now called A Guide through the District of the Lakes in the North of England. This book was particularly influential in popularising the region. Wordsworth's favourite valley was Dunnerdale or the Duddon Valley nestling in the south-west of the Lake District. The Duddon Valley is a valley in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England.

The railways led to another expansion in tourism. The Kendal and Windermere Railway was the first to penetrate the Lake District, reaching Kendal in 1846 and Windermere in 1847. The Kendal and Windermere Railway is a railway in Cumbria in north-west England. Kendal is a Market town and Civil parish within the South Lakeland district of Cumbria, England. Windermere is a Town in Cumbria, England. It lies about half a mile away from the lake of the same name. The line to Coniston opened in 1848 (although until 1857 this was only linked to the national network with ferries between Fleetwood and Barrow-in-Furness); the line from Penrith through Keswick to Cockermouth in 1865; and the line to Lakeside at the foot of Windermere in 1869. Coniston is a Village in the region of Furness, England. It is located in the southern part of the Lake District National Park, between Fleetwood is a town within the Wyre district of Lancashire, England, lying at the northwest corner of The Fylde. Barrow-in-Furness is an industrial town and Seaport in Cumbria, England. Penrith is a Market town in the county of Cumbria, England. It is in the Eden Valley just north of the River Eamont, and lies less than Keswick (pronounced "kez-ick" /ˈkɛzɪk/ is a Market town within the district of Allerdale, Cumbria, England. Cockermouth is a town within the Allerdale borough of Cumbria, England, and is so named because it is at the confluence of the River Cocker Lakeside is a small settlement at the south end of Windermere, England. Windermere is the largest natural Lake in England. It has been one of the country’s most popular places for holidays and summer homes since 1847 when the Kendal The railways, built with traditional industry in mind, brought with them a huge increase in the number of visitors, thus contributing to the growth of the tourism industry. Railway services were supplemented by steamer boats on the major lakes of Ullswater, Windermere, Coniston Water, and Derwent Water. Ullswater is the second largest Lake in the English Lake District, being approximately 9 miles (14 Windermere is the largest natural Lake in England. It has been one of the country’s most popular places for holidays and summer homes since 1847 when the Kendal Coniston Water (usually simply called Coniston locally in Cumbria, England is the third largest lake in the English Lake District. Not to be confused with Derwent Reservoir in Derbyshire Derwent Water (or Derwentwater) is one of the principal bodies of water in the

A steamer on Ullswater
A steamer on Ullswater

The growth in tourist numbers continued into the age of the motor car, when railways began to be closed or run down. Ullswater is the second largest Lake in the English Lake District, being approximately 9 miles (14 The formation of the National Park in 1951 recognised the need to protect the Lake District environment from excessive commercial or industrial exploitation, preserving that which visitors come to see, without (so far) any restriction on the movement of people into and around the district. The M6 Motorway helped bring traffic to the Lakes, passing up its eastern flank. This article concerns the M6 motorway in England There are also M6 motorways in Russia (see Caspian Highway) Hungary (see M6 motorway The narrow roads present a challenge for traffic flow and, from the 1960s, certain areas have been very congested.

Whilst the roads and railways provided easier access to the area, many people were drawn to the Lakes by the publication of the Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells by Alfred Wainwright. A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells Alfred ("A" Wainwright MBE (17 January 1907 &ndash 20 January 1991 was a British hillwalker, guidebook Author and Illustrator First published in the 1950s, these books provided detailed information on 214 peaks across the region, with carefully hand-drawn maps and panoramas, and also stories and asides which add to the colour of the area. They are still used by many visitors to the area as guides for walking excursions, with the ultimate goal of bagging the complete list of Wainwrights. Peak bagging (also hill bagging, mountain bagging, Munro bagging, or among enthusiasts just bagging) is an activity in which Wainwrights are the 214 Fells (hills and mountains described in A The famous guides are being revised by Chris Jesty to reflect changes, mainly in valley access and paths.

The area has also become associated with writer Beatrix Potter. A number of tourists visit to see her family home, with particularly large numbers coming from Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

Tourism has now become the park's major industry, with about 14 million visitors each year, mainly from the UK's larger settlements, China, Japan, Spain, Germany and the USA. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [2] Windermere Lake Steamers are now the UK's second most popular charging tourist attraction and the local economy is dependent upon tourists. The negative impact of tourism has been seen, however. Soil erosion, caused by walking, is now a significant problem, with millions of pounds being spent to protect over-used paths. Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind In 2006, two Tourist Information Centres in the National Park were closed. A visitor center, centre (see Spelling differences) or visitor information centre may be A visitor center at a specific attraction

Cultural tourism is becoming an increasingly important part of the wider tourist industry. The Lake District's links with a wealth of artists and writers and its strong history of providing summer theatre performances in the old Blue Box of Century Theatre are strong attractions for visiting tourists. The tradition of theatre is carried on by venues such as Theatre by the Lake in Keswick with its Summer Season of six plays in repertoire, Christmas and Easter productions and the many literature, film, mountaineering, jazz and creative arts festivals. Theatre by the Lake in Keswick, Cumbria, England is situated on the shores of Derwentwater in one of the most picturesque locations in the Lake District

Literature and art

The Lake District is intimately associated with English literature in the 18th and 19th centuries. The term English literature refers to Literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by Writers not necessarily from Thomas Gray was the first to bring the region to attention, when he wrote a journal of his Grand Tour in 1769, but it was William Wordsworth whose poems were most famous and influential. Thomas Gray ( December 26, 1716 – July 30, 1771) was an English Poet, classical scholar and professor at Cambridge The Grand Tour was the traditional travel of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means Wordsworth's poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud", inspired by the sight of daffodils on the shores of Ullswater, remains one of the most famous in the English language. I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD I Out of his long life of eighty years, sixty were spent amid its lakes and mountains, first as a schoolboy at Hawkshead, and afterwards living in Grasmere (1799-1813) and Rydal Mount (1813-50). Hawkshead is a village in the Lake District, England. It is one of the main tourist honeypots in the South Lakeland area and Grasmere is a village in central Cumbria, England. It is also the name of the adjacent Lake. Rydal Mount is a house near Ambleside in the Lake District. It is best known as the home of William Wordsworth from 1813 to his death in 1850 Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey became known as the Lake Poets. Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( 21 October 1772 &ndash 25 July 1834) was an English Poet, Critic and philosopher Robert Southey ( August 12, 1774 &ndash March 21, 1843) was an English Poet of the Romantic school one The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century

The poet and his wife lie buried in the churchyard of Grasmere and very near to them are the remains of Hartley Coleridge (son of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge), who himself lived for many years in Keswick, Ambleside and Grasmere. Hartley Coleridge ( September 19, 1796 - January 6, 1849) was an English Writer. Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( 21 October 1772 &ndash 25 July 1834) was an English Poet, Critic and philosopher Robert Southey, the Poet Laureate and friend of Wordsworth, was a resident of Keswick for forty years (1803-43), and was buried in Crosthwaite churchyard. Robert Southey ( August 12, 1774 &ndash March 21, 1843) was an English Poet of the Romantic school one A Poet Laureate is a Poet officially appointed by a government and is often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events Samuel Taylor Coleridge lived for some time in Keswick, and also with the Wordsworths at Grasmere. From 1807 to 1815 John Wilson lived at Windermere. John Wilson may refer to Politicians John Wilson (Scottish politician, member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP John Wilson De Quincey spent the greater part of the years 1809 to 1828 at Grasmere, in the first cottage which Wordsworth had inhabited. Thomas de Quincey (15 August 1785 &ndash 8 December 1859 was an English author and intellectual best known for his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater Ambleside, or its environs, was also the place of residence both of Thomas Arnold, who spent there the vacations of the last ten years of his life and of Harriet Martineau, who built herself a house there in 1845. Thomas Arnold ( 13 June 1795 &ndash 12 June 1842) was a British schoolmaster and historian head of Rugby School from 1828 Harriet Martineau ( June 12, 1802 &ndash June 27, 1876) was an English Writer and Philosopher, renowned in her At Keswick, Mrs Lynn Linton (wife of William James Linton) was born, in 1822. William James Linton ( December 7 1812 - December 29, 1897) was an English -born American wood engraver, Brantwood, a house beside Coniston Water, was the home of John Ruskin during the last years of his life. This article is about the house in Cumbria for the Belfast football club see Brantwood F John Ruskin (8 February 1819 &ndash 20 January 1900 is best known for his work as an Art critic, sage writer, and Social critic, but is remembered His assistant W. G. Collingwood the author, artist and antiquarian lived nearby, and wrote Thorstein of the Mere, set in the Norse period. William Gershom Collingwood, ( 6 August 1854, Liverpool - 1 October 1932) was an author artist antiquary and was also Professor

In addition to these residents or natives of the Lake District, a variety of other poets and writers made visits to the Lake District or were bound by ties of friendship with those already mentioned above. These include Percy Bysshe Shelley, Sir Walter Scott, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Arthur Hugh Clough, Henry Crabb Robinson, Thomas Carlyle, John Keats, Lord Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, Felicia Hemans, and Gerald Massey. Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4 1792 – July 8 1822 ˈpɝːsɪ ˈbɪʃ ˈʃɛlɪ was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among Sir Walter Scott 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 &ndash 21 September 1832 was a prolific Scottish Historical novelist and Poet popular throughout Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4 1804 – May 19 1864 was an American novelist and Short story writer Arthur Hugh Clough ( January 1, 1819 &ndash November 13, 1861) was an English Poet, and the brother of Anne Jemima Henry Crabb Robinson (1775 - 1867 Diarist, was born in Bury St Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881 was a Scottish essayist satirist and historian whose work was highly influential during the Victorian era. Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 &ndash 15 April 1888 was an English Poet, and Cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools Felicia Hemans ( September 25, 1793 - May 16 1835) was an English poet Gerald Massey ( May 29 1828 - October 29, 1907) was an English Poet and self-taught Egyptologist.

During the early 20th century, the children's author Beatrix Potter was in residence at Hill Top Farm, setting many of her famous Peter Rabbit books in the Lake District. Hill Top can refer to Hill Top Stanley, County Durham England Hill Top Teesdale, County Durham England Hill Top Peter Rabbit is the main character in a series of Children's books by Beatrix Potter. Her life was made into a biopic film, starring Renée Zellweger and Ewan McGregor. Renée Kathleen Zellweger (born April 25, 1969) is an Academy Award - BAFTA - SAG Award - and Golden Globe -winning Ewan Gordon McGregor (born 31 March 1971 ˌjuːən məˈgrɛgər is a Scottish Actor, who has had significant success in mainstream indie and art Arthur Ransome lived in several areas of the Lake District, and set a number of his Swallows and Amazons books, published between 1930 and 1947, in a fictionalised Lake District setting. Arthur Mitchell Ransome (born 18 January 1884 in Leeds - died 3 June 1967) was an English author and journalist Swallows and Amazons is a series of Children's books by English author Arthur Ransome, named after the title of the first book in the series So did Geoffrey Trease with his five Black Banner school stories (1949-56), starting with No Boats on Bannermere. (Robert Geoffrey Trease ( August 11 1909 - January 27, 1998) was a prolific writer publishing 113 books between 1934 ( Bows Against

The novelist Sir Hugh Walpole lived at "Brackenburn" on the lower slopes of Catbells overlooking Derwent Water from 1924 until his death in 1941. Sir Hugh Seymour Walpole ( March 13, 1884 - June 1, 1941) was an English Novelist Biography He was born Catbells is a Fell in the English Lake District in the County of Cumbria. Whilst living at "Brackenburn" he wrote The Herries Chronicle detailing the history of a fictional Cumbrian family over two centuries. The noted author and poet Norman Nicholson came from the south-west Lakes, living and writing about Millom in the twentieth century – he was known as the last of the Lake Poets and came close to becoming the Poet Laureate. Norman Cornthwaite Nicholson OBE, ( January 8 1914 – May 30 1987) was an English poet known for his association with the Cumberland Millom is a town on the estuary of the River Duddon in Cumbria, England, which in Victorian Times was merely a small hamlet by the name of Holborn The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century

Writer and Author Melvyn Bragg was brought up in the region and has used it as the setting for some of his work, such as his novel "A time to dance", later turned into a television drama.

Film Director Ken Russell lives in the Keswick/Borrowdale area and has used it in some films, such as Tommy and Mahler

Some students of Arthurian lore identify the Lake District with the Grail kingdom of Listeneise. The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the Legends that concern the Celtic and legendary History of Great Britain, especially those According to Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish plate or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers Listeneise or Listenoise is the name of the land of the Holy Grail in some Arthurian works and the location of the Grail Castle.

The former Keswick School of Industrial Art at Keswick was started by Canon Rawnsley, a friend of John Ruskin. Keswick School of Industrial Art (KSIA was founded in 1884 by Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley and his wife Edith as an evening class of repoussé‚ metalwork in the Crosthwaite Canon Hardwicke Drummond Rawnsley (born on September 29, 1851 at Shiplake near Henley-on-Thames, died in 1920 at Grasmere, Cumbria John Ruskin (8 February 1819 &ndash 20 January 1900 is best known for his work as an Art critic, sage writer, and Social critic, but is remembered

Nomenclature

A number of words and phrases are local to the Lake District and are part of the Cumbrian dialect. Not to be confused with the Celtic Cumbric language The Cumbrian dialect is a local Dialect spoken in the English county These include:

See also

References

  1. ^ The RSPB: Golden eagle: Population trends
  2. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/holiday/destinations/lake_district_cartmel/

Further reading

External links

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

Dictionary

Lake District

-proper noun

  1. A national park in Cumbria, north-western England characterised by its many lakes.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic