 Flying Scotsman in 2003. Despite the LNER livery, the prominent German-style smoke deflectors and double chimney are BR-era features. Smoke deflectors are vertical plates attached to the front of a Steam locomotive on each side of the Smokebox. | |
| Power type | Steam |
|---|---|
| Designer | Sir Nigel Gresley |
| Builder | Doncaster railway works |
| Build date | 1923 |
| Configuration | 4-6-2 |
| Gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) |
| Driver size | 80 inches (2. Sir Herbert Nigel Gresley ( 19 June, 1876 &ndash 5 April, 1941) was one of Britain's most famous Steam locomotive engineers Doncaster railway works is in the town of Doncaster in the county of Yorkshire in England. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Whyte notation for classifying Steam locomotives by Wheel arrangement was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte Other classification schemes like Under the Whyte notation for the classification of Steam locomotives, a 4-6-2 Locomotive has four Leading wheels (generally arranged in a Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. On a Steam locomotive, a driving wheel is a powered Wheel which is driven by the Locomotive 's Pistons (or Turbine, in the 03 m) diameter |
| Length | 70 feet (21. 6 m) |
| Height | 13 feet (4. 0 m) |
| Locomotive weight | 96. 25 tons (97. 54 tonnes) |
| Cylinders | 3 |
| Top speed | 110 mph (177 km/h) |
| Tractive effort | 29,385 lbf (13,329 kgf, 130. A cylinder is the central working part of a Reciprocating engine, the space in which a Piston travels Tractive Effort (abbr TE is the pulling force exerted normally by a Locomotive, though the term could also be used for anything else that pulls a load This article deals with the unit of force For the unit of mass see Pound (mass. The unit kilogram-force ( kgf, often incorrectly just kg) or kilopond ( kp) is defined as the Force exerted by Earth's gravity 7 kN) |
| Career | London and North Eastern Railway |
| Class | A3 |
| Number | 1472, renumbered 4472, renumbered 103, renumbered 60103 |
| Official name | Flying Scotsman |
| Retired | 1963 |
| Restored | 1968 |
| Current owner | National Railway Museum |
The LNER Class A3 Pacific locomotive no. The Disambiguation LNER Thompson Class A1/1, LNER Peppercorn Class A1 The London and North Eastern Railway LNER Under the Whyte notation for the classification of Steam locomotives, a 4-6-2 Locomotive has four Leading wheels (generally arranged in a A steam locomotive is a Locomotive powered by Steam. The term usually refers to its use on Railways but can also refer to a "road locomotive" 4472 "Flying Scotsman" (originally no. 1472) was built in 1923 for the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) at Doncaster Works to a design of H.N. Gresley. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Doncaster railway works is in the town of Doncaster in the county of Yorkshire in England. Sir Herbert Nigel Gresley ( 19 June, 1876 &ndash 5 April, 1941) was one of Britain's most famous Steam locomotive engineers It was employed on long-distance express trains on the LNER and its successors, British Railways Eastern and North-Eastern Regions, notably the 10am London to Edinburgh Flying Scotsman service after which this locomotive was named. This article is about the railway passenger service known as the "Flying Scotsman" In its career 4472 "Flying Scotsman" has travelled 2,000,000 miles (3,200,000 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand
Contents |
History
The locomotive was completed in 1923, construction having been started under the auspices of the Great Northern Railway. The Great Northern Railway (GNR was a British railway company established by the London & York Railway Act of 1846 It was built as an A1, initially carrying the number 1472. Disambiguation LNER Thompson Class A1/1, LNER Peppercorn Class A1 The London and North Eastern Railway LNER
Flying Scotsman was something of a flagship locomotive for the LNER. It represented the company at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley in 1924 and 1925. Wembley is an area located in North-West London, England which forms the northern part of the London Borough of Brent. At this time it acquired its name and the new number of 4472. From then on it was commonly used for promotional purposes.
With suitably modified valve gear, this locomotive was one of five Gresley Pacifics selected to haul the prestigious non-stop Flying Scotsman train service from London to Edinburgh, hauling the inaugural train on 1st May 1928. The valve gear of a Steam engine is the mechanism that operates the inlet and exhaust Valves to admit Steam into the cylinder and allow exhaust This article is about the railway passenger service known as the "Flying Scotsman" London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For this the locomotives ran with a new version of the large eight-wheel tender which held 9 tons of coal. This and the usual facility for water replenishment from the water trough system enabled them to travel the 392 miles (631 km) from London to Edinburgh in eight hours non-stop. A track pan ( American terminology or water trough ( British terminology is a device to enable a steam railway locomotive to replenish its water supply London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. The tender included a corridor connection and tunnel through the water tank giving access to the locomotive cab from the train in order to allow replacement of the driver and fireman without stopping the train. The following year the locomotive appeared in the film "The Flying Scotsman".
On 30th November 1934, running a light test train, 4472 became the first steam locomotive to be officially recorded at 100 mph (160. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 9 km/h) and earned a place in the Land speed record for railed vehicles; the publicity-conscious LNER made much of the fact. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. Determination of the fastest railed vehicle in the world varies depending on the definition of " rail " On 22nd August 1928 there appeared an improved version of this Pacific type classified A3; older A1 locomotives were later rebuilt to conform. On 25th April 1945 A1 class locomotives not yet rebuilt were reclassified A10 in order to make way for newer Thompson and Peppercorn Pacifics. Edward Thompson could refer to several people Edward Thompson (of Sheriff Hutton (c Arthur Henry Peppercorn ( 29 January 1889 - 3 March 1951) was the last Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME of the London and North Eastern Railway See also LNER Class A1/A3, LNER Thompson Class A1/1 The London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER) Peppercorn Class A1 was a class of This included "Flying Scotsman, which emerged from Doncaster works on 4th January 1947 as an A3 having received a boiler with a long "banjo" dome of the type it carries today. By this time it had become no. 103 in Edward Thompson's comprehensive renumbering scheme for the LNER, then 60103 from 1st January 1948 on the nationalisation of the railways when all the LNER locomotive numbers were prefixed with 60000. Edward Thompson could refer to several people Edward Thompson (of Sheriff Hutton (c Between 5th June 1950 and 4th July 1954, and between 26th December 1954 and 1st September 1957, under British Railways ownership, it was allocated to Leicester Central shed on the Great Central, running Nottingham Victoria to London Marylebone services via Leicester Central, and hauled one of the last services on that line before its closure. See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" All A3 Pacifics were subsequently fitted with a double KYLCHAP chimney to improve performance and economy. The Kylchap Steam locomotive exhaust system was designed and patented by the famous French steam engineer André Chapelon, using a second-stage This caused soft exhaust and smoke drift that tended to obscure the driver's forward vision; the remedy was found in the German-type smoke deflectors fitted from 1960, which somewhat changed the locomotives' appearance but successfully solved the problem. Smoke deflectors are vertical plates attached to the front of a Steam locomotive on each side of the Smokebox. [1]
Preservation
60103 ended service with British Railways in 1963 and was sold for preservation to Alan Pegler who had it restored as closely as possible to its original LNER condition. See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Alan Francis Pegler OBE FRSA is a British railway preservationist best known for saving LNER Class A3 4472 ''Flying Scotsman'' and It then worked a number of railtours, including a non-stop London–Edinburgh run in 1968 – the year steam traction officially ended on BR. As watering facilities for locomotives had by then disappeared a second 8-wheel tender was adapted as an auxiliary water tank.
In 1969 it went on a promotional tour to the USA, where it was fitted with cowcatcher, high-intensity headlamp, bell, air brakes and buckeye couplings. The trip was initially a success, but when Pegler's backers withdrew their support he began to lose money and was finally bankrupted in 1972. Fears then arose for the engine's future, the speculation being that it could take up permanent residence in America or even be cut up. Fortunately in January 1973 William McAlpine stepped in at the eleventh hour and had the locomotive repaired and repatriated.
In October 1988 the locomotive arrived in Australia to take part in that country's bicentenary celebrations, and during the course of the next year it travelled over 45,000 kilometres (28,000 mi) over Australian rails, including a transcontinental run from Sydney to Perth. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The bicentenary of Australia was celebrated in 1970 on the 200th anniversary of Captain James Cook landing and claiming the land and again in 1988 to celebrate 200 years Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It was a central attraction in the "AusSteam '88" festival, double heading with NSWGR locomotive 3801, and running alongside Victorian Railways R class locomotives along the 300 km (190 mi)-long parallel broad and standard gauge tracks of the North East railway line, Victoria. In Railroad terminology, double-heading or double heading indicates the use of two Locomotives at the front of a Train, each operated individually The New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR was the government department that operated the New South Wales Government's railways until the establishment of the Public Transport 3801 (pronounced Thirty-eight o-one is Australia 's best known and most widely travelled Steam locomotive. The R class was an express passenger Steam locomotive that ran on Victorian Railways from 1951 to 1974 The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. The North East railway is a railway serving the north-east of Victoria, Australia. On 8 August 1989 "Flying Scotsman" set another record, travelling 442 miles (711 km) from Parkes to Broken Hill non-stop, the longest such run by a steam locomotive ever recorded. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Parkes is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It has a population of approximately 11700 ( As of 2006) For the Local Government Area of Broken Hill see City of Broken Hill Broken Hill is an isolated Mining city and Local Government Area [2]
In recent years "Flying Scotsman" has continued to have an eventful existence. In 1995 it was in pieces at Southall depot in West London and facing an uncertain future owing to the cost of restoration and refurbishment necessary to meet the stringent engineering standards required for main line operation. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Southall is a suburb in the London Borough of Ealing, West London. Salvation came in 1996 when Dr Tony Marchington bought the locomotive and had it restored to running condition at a cost of some £750,000. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar)
In 2004 "Flying Scotsman" was put up for sale because of the mounting debts of its owning company. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " After a high-profile campaign it was bought in April by the National Railway Museum in York and it is now part of the national collection. The National Railway Museum (NRM is a Museum in York forming part of the British National Museum of Science and Industry and telling York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. As of 2006 "Flying Scotsman" is undergoing a major 18-month overhaul at the NRM and is not due to resume running until late 2008. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The bay in which the locomotive is being refurbished is on view to visitors to the NRM but currently the engine has been dismantled to such an extent that the running plate is the only component recognisable to the casual observer.
Recent Debate
Choice of livery is an eternal subject of controversy amongst those involved in the preservation of historic rolling stock, and Flying Scotsman has attracted more than its fair share, the result of forty years' continuous service during which the locomotive has undergone several changes to its livery. Alan Pegler's option was evidently to return the locomotive as far as possible to the general appearance and distinctive colour it carried at the height of its fame. A later option was to re-install the double Kylchap chimney and German smoke deflectors that it carried at the end of its career in the 1960s; this encouraged more complete combustion, a factor in dealing with smoke pollution and fires caused by spark throwing. More recently, until its current overhaul, it was running in an anachronistic hybrid form retaining the modernised exhaust arrangements while carrying the LNER 'Apple Green' livery of the 1930s. Some believe that the more famous LNER colour scheme should remain; others take the view that, to be authentic, only BR livery should be used when the loco is carrying these later additions – the issue is further complicated by the fact that while in BR Livery it never ran with the corridor tender!
The NRM's possession of the locomotive has attracted some controversy in British railway preservation circles due to perceived heavy emphasis which the NRM is placing upon it, at a cost to the museum of £2,200,000. The investment involved is also seen as denying many other historically important exhibits the opportunity to be properly overhauled and presented.
In popular culture
Because of the LNER's emphasis on using the locomotive for publicity purposes, and then its eventful preservation history, including two international forays, it is arguably one of the most famous locomotives in the world today, and no doubt the most famous in the UK.
Flying Scotsman has been featured in The Railway Series of children's books by the Rev. W. Awdry. We know how exciting this is but WPTHOMAS/FAQ explains WikiProject Thomas' Wilbert Vere Awdry, OBE, ( 15 June 1911 &ndash 21 March 1997) better known as the Reverend W The locomotive visited the fictional Island of Sodor in the book "Enterprising Engines". Sodor is a fictional island in the Irish Sea used as the setting for The Railway Series books by the Rev This list consists all of The Railway Series books by both the Rev At this time Flying Scotsman had two tenders, and this was a key feature of the plot of one of the stories.
Flying Scotsman is featured in the PC game Microsoft Train Simulator. Microsoft Train Simulator (known in the Train Simulator community also as simply MSTS 1) is a Train simulator for Microsoft The locomotive is also included in the 2004 edition of Trainz Railroad Simulator. Trainz, fully Trainz Railroad Simulator or (in Britain) Trainz Railway Simulator, is a 3D Computer game and Train simulator People who wanted to make Gordon the Big Engine always used Flying Scotsman as either an A1 or A3. Gordon the Big Engine is a Fictional Anthropomorphic Tender locomotive in The Railway Series
Gallery
Many more images of the Flying Scotsman can be viewed at the official National Railway Museum print website
External links
- National Railway Museum's section about Flying Scotsman train and locomotive
- The official National Railway Museum print website containing many Flying Scotsman prints and posters
- Photo: from Gresley Society
- BBC "Nation on Film" article with historic films of Flying Scotsman in steam. This article is about the railway passenger service known as the "Flying Scotsman"
- The LNER Encyclopedia page for the Gresley A1/A3s including Flying Scotsman
- History of the Flying Scotsman by Southern Steam Trains
References
- ^ Reed Brian "LNER non-streamlined Pacifics" Profile Publications, Windsor, UK. Undated - 1960s: p. 22
- ^ Malpass, Dare & Jenkins (1992). A Vintage Year for Steam. Melbourne: Australian Railway Historical Society, p. The Australian Railway Historical Society (ARHS was founded in Sydney in 1933 as The Australasian Railway and Locomotive Historical Society 112, p. 121.
- ^ Malpass, Dare & Jenkins, p. 98
- Roden, Andrew (2007). Flying Scotsman. London: Aurum. ISBN 978-1-84513-241-5.
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