Citizendia

This article addresses how computers are used to read and write Korean, using Hangul. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system

Contents

Character encodings

See also: EUC-KR and ISO/IEC 2022

In RFC 1557, a method known as ISO-2022-KR for a 7-bit encoding of Korean characters in emails was described. Extended Unix Code ( EUC) is a multibyte Character encoding system used primarily for Japanese, Korean, and Simplified Chinese. ISO 2022, more formally ISO/IEC 2022 "Information Technology—Character code structure and extension techniques" is an ISO standard (equivalent to the ISO 2022, more formally ISO/IEC 2022 "Information Technology—Character code structure and extension techniques" is an ISO standard (equivalent to the Electronic mail, often abbreviated to e-mail, email, or originally eMail, is a Store-and-forward method of writing sending receiving Where 8 bits are allowed, the EUC-KR encoding is preferred. Extended Unix Code ( EUC) is a multibyte Character encoding system used primarily for Japanese, Korean, and Simplified Chinese.
These two encodings combine US-ASCII (ISO 646) with the Korean standard KS X 1001:1992[1] (previously named KS C 5601:1987). ISO 646 is an ISO standard that since 1972 has specified a 7- Bit character code from which several national standards are derived

The international Unicode standard contains special characters for representing the Korean language in the native Hangul phonetic system. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's There are two ways supported by Unicode. The way used by Windows is to have every one of the 11,571 syllable combinations as a code and a pre-formed font character. The other way is to encode jamos, and to let the software combine them into correct combinations, which is not supported in Windows. Of course the former way needs more font memory, but gives the possibility of getting better shapes, since it is complicated to create fully correct combinations which may be preferred when creating documents.

There is also the possibility of simply stacking a (sequence of) medial(s) (jungseong) – and then a (sequence of) final(s) (jongseong) and/or a Middle Korean pitch mark, if needed – on top of the (sequence of) initial(s) (choseong), if the font has medial and final jamos with zero-width spacing that are inserted to the left of the cursor or caret, thus appearing in the right place below or to the right of the initial. If a syllable has a horizontal medial (ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ or ㅡ), the initial will probably appear further left in a complete syllable than is the case in pre-formed syllables due to the space that must be reserved for a vertical medial, giving an aesthetically poor appearance to what may be the only way to display Middle Korean Hangul text without resorting to images, romanisation, replacement of obsolete jamo or non-standard encodings. However, most current fonts do not support this.

The Unicode standard also has attempted to create a unified CJK character set that can represent Chinese (Hanzi) as well as the Japanese (Kanji) and Korean (Hanja) derivatives of this script through the Han unification process, which does not discriminate by language nor region for rendering Chinese characters, as long as the different typographic traditions have not resulted in major differences concerning what the character looks like – see Image:Xin-jiu-zixing.png for examples of characters whose appearance recently underwent only minor changes in Mainland China. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's CJK is a collective term for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, which constitute the main East Asian languages. A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated Han unification has met with some criticism.

Text input

See also: Input method editor, List of input methods for UNIX platforms, Japanese input methods, and Chinese input methods for computers

On a Korean computer keyboard, text is typically entered by simply pushing a key for the appropriate Jamo; the operating system creates each composite character on the fly. This is intended as a non-exhaustive list of input methods for UNIX platforms Japanese input methods are the methods used to input Japanese characters on a Computer. Since the Chinese language uses a logographic script — that is a script where one or more " characters " corresponds roughly to one "word" or Depending on the IME and keyboard layout, double consonants can be entered by holding the shift button. When all jamo making up a syllabic block have been entered, the user may initiate a conversion to Hanja or other special characters using a keyboard shortcut or interface button; South Korean keyboards have a separate key for this. Subsequent semi-automated hanja conversion is supported to varying degrees in word processors.

When using a keyboard from another language, most operating systems require the user to type using an original Korean keyboard layout, the most common of which is 2(du)-beolshik. QWERTY keyboardjpg|thumb|right|300px|QWERTY keyboard on a Laptop of 2007]]A keyboard layout is any specific mechanical, visual, or functional This is in contrast to some other languages like Japanese, where text can be entered using a Romanization system on non-native keyboards.

Hanja

Apart from the conversion issues mentioned above, some Korean fonts do not include hanja to start with. At the same time, current word processors do not allow the user to specify which font to use as a fallback for any hanja that may occur in a text. In that case, each sequence of hanja must be manually formatted to appear in the desired font.

Special situations

Having text run in vertical lines is poorly or not at all supported by HTML and most word processors, although this is not an issue for modern Korean, as it is usually written horizontally. Until the second half of the 20th century, however, Korean was often written vertically. 15th century texts written in hangul had pitch marks to the left of syllables, which are included in Unicode, although most current fonts do not adequately support them, either.

See the section on #Character encodings above for obsolete jamo.

Programs

Notable programs specifically designed for Korean language-related use include:

Hangul in Unicode

See also: List of Hangul Jamo

Hangul are detailed in 3 separate parts of the Unicode specification:

Hangul Syllables Area

To find Hangul Syllables in Unicode, you can apply a simple formula. This is the list of Hangul Jamo with obsolete Hangul (old Hangul The formula and tables are:

[{(initial)×588}+{(medial)×28}+(final)]+44032

Initial Jamo

  • ㄱ 0
  • ㄲ 1
  • ㄴ 2
  • ㄷ 3
  • ㄸ 4
  • ㄹ 5
  • ㅁ 6
  • ㅂ 7
  • ㅃ 8
  • ㅅ 9
  • ㅆ 10
  • ㅇ 11
  • ㅈ 12
  • ㅉ 13
  • ㅊ 14
  • ㅋ 15
  • ㅌ 16
  • ㅍ 17
  • ㅎ 18

Medial Jamo

  • ㅏ 0
  • ㅐ 1
  • ㅑ 2
  • ㅒ 3
  • ㅓ 4
  • ㅔ 5
  • ㅕ 6
  • ㅖ 7
  • ㅗ 8
  • ㅘ 9
  • ㅙ 10
  • ㅚ 11
  • ㅛ 12
  • ㅜ 13
  • ㅝ 14
  • ㅞ 15
  • ㅟ 16
  • ㅠ 17
  • ㅡ 18
  • ㅢ 19
  • ㅣ 20

Final Jamo

  • no jamo 0
  • ㄱ 1
  • ㄲ 2
  • ㄳ 3
  • ㄴ 4
  • ㄵ 5
  • ㄶ 6
  • ㄷ 7
  • ㄹ 8
  • ㄺ 9
  • ㄻ 10
  • ㄼ 11
  • ㄽ 12
  • ㄾ 13
  • ㄿ 14
  • ㅀ 15
  • ㅁ 16
  • ㅂ 17
  • ㅄ 18
  • ㅅ 19
  • ㅆ 20
  • ㅇ 21
  • ㅈ 22
  • ㅊ 23
  • ㅋ 24
  • ㅌ 25
  • ㅍ 26
  • ㅎ 27

Example

For example, If you want to find the codepoint of "한" in Unicode.

So, the formula will be {(18×588)+(0×28)+4}+44032, and the result is 54620. It means the Unicode value of 한 is 54620 in decimal, 한 by the numeric character reference, and U+D55C in standard Unicode notation. A numeric character reference (NCR is a common markup construct used in SGML and other SGML-based markup languages such as HTML and XML.

Hangul Compatibility Jamo Area

Hangul Compatibility Jamo Area is a part of Unicode, which has been allocated for compatibility with the KS X 1001 character set. Usually it is used for representing modern Hangul jamo and some obsolete Hangul Jamo, without distinguishing initial and final.

Hangul Jamo Area

Hangul Jamo Area is a range of Unicode between U+1100–U+11FF. It contains initial jamo, medial jamo and final jamo, also including obsolete jamo. Nalgaeset Hangul IME and Un Jamo Batang represent obsolete Hangul using this area.

Hanyang Private Use Area codes

Hangul (word processor) ships with fonts from Hanyang Information and Communication. Hangul (also known as Hangul Word Processor or HWP) is a proprietary word processing application published by the South Korean company Haansoft Their fonts map obsolete Hangul characters to the Private Use Area of Unicode. Unicode ’s Despite the use of the Private Use Area instead of dedicated codepoints, Hanyang's mapping is currently the most popular way to represent obsolete Hangul in South Korea.

See also

References

  1. ^ KS X 1001:1992. In relation to the Japanese language and computers many adaptation issues arise some unique to Japanese and others common to Languages which have a very large number
  2. ^ a b 김치관 (2000-12-02). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire 문답으로 보는 북한 정보화의 현주소 (Korean). Tongilnews. com. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French
  3. ^ a b c 김효석 (2000-12-02). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire <국회자료집> 북한 S/W 현황과 시연자료 (Korean). Tongilnews. com. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French
  4. ^ Yonhap (1998-01-07). Yonhap News Agency is a News agency in South Korea that supplies domestic and foreign news and information to newspaper and TV broadcast and Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental 북한의 컴퓨터산업 어디까지 왔나 (Korean). Tongilnews. com. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French
  5. ^ 북한용어사전: 평양정보센터(PIC) (Korean). Retrieved on 2006-12-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French

External links

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