| (list) | |
| Wide use | Astronomical · Gregorian · Islamic · ISO |
| Calendar Types | |
| Lunisolar · Solar · Lunar | |
| Selected use | Assyrian · Armenian · Attic · Aztec (Tonalpohualli – Xiuhpohualli) · Babylonian · Bahá'í · Bengali · Berber · Bikram Samwat · Buddhist · Celtic · Chinese · Coptic · Egyptian · Ethiopian · Calendrier Républicain · Germanic · Hebrew · Hellenic · Hindu · Indian · Iranian · Irish · Japanese · Javanese · Juche · Julian · Korean · Lithuanian · Malayalam · Maya (Tzolk'in – Haab') · Minguo · Nanakshahi · Nepal Sambat · Pawukon · Pentecontad calendar · Rapa Nui · Roman · Soviet · Tamil · Thai (Lunar – Solar) · Tibetan · Burmese . The word Calendar consist of two words 1 Cal ( in Pashto means Year in Hindi and Persian is Sal- also means Year In current use Assyrian calendar Astronomical year numbering Bahá'í calendar Bengali calendar Astronomical year numbering is based on AD ( Anno Domini)/CE ( Common Era) year numbering but follows normal Decimal Integer numbering more strictly The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری The ISO week date system is a Leap week calendar system that is part of the ISO 8601 date and time standard A lunisolar calendar is a Calendar in many Cultures whose date indicates both the Moon phase and the time of the solar Year. A solar calendar is a Calendar whose dates indicate the position of the earth on its revolution around the Sun (or equivalently the apparent position of the sun moving A lunar calendar is a Calendar that is based on cycles of the Moon phase. This article is about the calendar introduced in the 1950s See Old Assyrian calendar for the ancient calendar The Armenian calendar is the traditional calendar of Armenia. The Attic calendar is the Calendar that was in use in ancient Attica, the ancestral territory of the Athenian Polis. The Aztec calendar is the Calendar system that was used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico. The tonalpohualli, a Nahuatl word meaning "count of days" is a 260-day sacred period (often termed a " Year " in use in Pre-Columbian The Xiuhpohualli was a 365-day Calendar used by the Aztecs and other Pre-Columbian Nahua peoples in central Mexico The Babylonian calendar was a Lunisolar calendar with years consisting of 12 Lunar months each beginning when a new crescent moon was first sighted low The Bahá'í calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Bahá'í Faith, is a Solar calendar with regular years of 365 days and Leap The Bengali calendar ( বঙ্গাব্দ Bônggabdo or বাংলা সন Bangla Shôn) or Bangla calendar is a traditional solar Calendar The Berber calendar is the annual Calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. Bikram Samwat ( Bikram Sambat, or Vikram Samvat, Devnagari:बिक्रम संवत abbreviated "B The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma The term Celtic calendar is used to refer to a variety of calendars used by Celtic-speaking peoples at different times in history The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and still used in Egypt The ancient civil Egyptian calendar had a year that was 365 days long and was divided into 12 months of 30 days each plus 5 extra days (epagomenes Greek ἐπαγόμεναι The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar, The French Republican Calendar or French Revolutionary Calendar was a Calendar proposed during the French Revolution, and used by the French government The Germanic calendars were the regional agricultural Almanacs used amongst the Germanic peoples prior to the adoption of the Julian and later the Gregorian The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious The Hellenic calendar &mdashor more properly the Hellenic calendars, for there was no uniform calendar imposed upon all of Classical Greece &mdashbegan in most Greek The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical The Irish calendar does not observe the typical astronomical seasons (beginning in the Northern Hemisphere on the Equinoxes and Solstices, or the meteorological seasons Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays The Javanese calendar is a Calendar still in use by the Javanese people of Indonesia concurrently with two other important calendars the Gregorian The Juche Idea (주체사상 Juche Sasang) is the official state Ideology of North Korea and the Political system based on it The Revised Julian calendar or less formally New Calendar, is a Calendar scheme originated in 1923 which effectively discontinued the 340 years of divergence between The Lithuanian calendar is unusual among Western countries in that neither the names of the months nor the names of the weekdays are derived from Greek or Norse mythology Malayalam calendar (also known as Malayalam Era or Kollavarsham) is a solar Sidereal calendar used in the state of Kerala in South India The Maya calendar is a system of distinct Calendars and Almanacs used by the Maya civilization of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and by Tzolk'in (in the revised Guatemala Mayan languages Academy Orthography which is now preferred formerly and commonly tzolkin) is the name bestowed by The Haab' is part of the Maya calendric system used by peoples of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization. The Republic of China calendar (民國紀元 is the method of numbering years currently used in the Republic of China ( Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen The Nanakshahi (ਨਾਨਕਸ਼ਾਹੀ nānakashāhī) calendar is a Solar calendar that was adopted by the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabhandak Committee The Lunar calendar Nepal Sambat ( Nepal Bhasa: नेपाल सम्बत is commonly used in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. The Pentecontad Calendar is a unique agricultural Calendar system thought to be of Amorite origin in which the year is broken down into seven periods of fifty days The Rapa Nui calendar was the indigenous Lunisolar calendar of Easter Island. The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. }The Tamil Calendar is used in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry in India, and by the Tamil population in Malaysia, The Thai lunar calendar ( Thai: ปฏิทินจันทรคติ Patitin Chantarakati) (literally Against-the-Sun Moon-Ways) is Thailand The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (สุริยคติ has been the official and prevalent Calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King The Tibetan calendar is a Lunisolar calendar, that is the Tibetan year is composed of either 12 or 13 Lunar months each beginning and ending with a New moon The traditional Burmese calendar is a Lunisolar calendar based on both the phases of the moon and the motion of the sun Vietnamese· Xhosa · Zoroastrian |
| Calendar Types | |
| Runic · Mesoamerican (Long Count – Calendar Round) | |
| Christian variants | |
| Julian calendar · Calendar of saints · Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar · Liturgical year | |
| Rarely used | Darian calendar · Discordian calendar |
| Display types and applications | Perpetual calendar · Wall calendar · Economic calendar |
The traditional Korean calendar is a lunisolar calendar which, like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries, was based on the Chinese calendar. This article is about the Vietnamese holiday For the 1968 military operation that began on that holiday see Tết Offensive. By the traditional Xhosa calendar, the year began in June and ended in May when Canopus, a large star visible in the Southern Hemisphere, signalled the The Zoroastrian calendar is a religious Calendar used by members of the Zoroastrian faith and it is an approximation of the (tropical Solar calendar. The Runic calendar is a Perpetual calendar based on the 19 year long Metonic cycle of the Moon Mesoamerican calendars are the calendrical systems devised and used by the Pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica. In the Mesoamerican calendars, Calendar Round dates are composed by interlacing the dates of a 260-day period ( Tzolk'in in the Maya Calendar, Tonalpohualli The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in Christian churches which determines when The Darian Calendar is a proposed system of time-keeping designed to serve the needs of any possible future human settlers on the planet Mars. The Discordian or Erisian calendar is an alternative Calendar used by some adherents of Discordianism. A perpetual calendar is a Calendar which is good for a span of many years such as the Runic calendar. A wall calendar is a Calendar intended for placement on a wall Economic calendar is a type of Calendar that is intended to inform financiers and traders about the scheduled major economic numbers (like CPI, A lunisolar calendar is a Calendar in many Cultures whose date indicates both the Moon phase and the time of the solar Year. The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. Dates are calculated from Korea's meridian, and observances and festivals are based in Korean culture. This article is about the geographical concept For other uses of the word see Meridian. This article is about the traditional culture of Korea. For the modern culture see Culture of North Korea and Culture of South Korea [1]
The Gregorian calendar was officially adopted in 1895, but traditional holidays and age-reckoning for older generations are still based on the old calendar. The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today [2][3] The biggest festival in Korea today is Seol-nal (Unfamiliar day), the traditional Korean New Year. Korean New Year, known as Seollal ( or Gujeong ( is the first day of the lunar Korean calendar. Other important festivals include Daeboreum (the first full moon), Dano (spring festival) and Chuseok (harvest festival). Daeboreum (literally "Great Full Moon" is a Korean holiday that celebrates the first full moon of the new year of the lunar Korean calendar. Dano, also called Surit-nal, is a Korean holiday that falls on the 5th day of the fifth month of the lunar Korean calendar. Chuseok, originally known as Hangawi (한가위 (from archaic Korean for "great middle" is a major Harvest festival and a three-day holiday
See also Public holidays in North Korea and Public holidays in South Korea. This is a list of Public holidays in North Korea as of 2007 See also Korean calendar for a list of traditional holidays In South Korea each public holiday belongs to one or more of three possible categories National Celebration Day( 국경일, 國慶日 National Flag Raising Day(국기게양일 國旗揭揚日
Contents |
History
The traditional calendar designated its years via Korean era names from 270 to 963. Korean Era names were used during the period of Silla, Goguryeo, Balhae, Taebong, Goryeo, Joseon, and Then Chinese era names were used until 1895 when the official use of the lunar calendar ceased. A Chinese era name ( is the Era name, reign period or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
The Gregorian calendar was adopted by the new Korean Empire on 1 January 1895, but with years numbered from the foundation of the Joseon Dynasty in 1393. The Korean Empire was a former small empire of Korea that lasted from the Gwangmu Restoration of 1897 until Japan 's annexation of Korea in 1910 New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year From 1897, Korean era names were used for its years until Japan annexed Korea in 1910. Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. Then Japanese era names were used to count the years of the Gregorian calendar used in Korea until Japanese occupation ended in 1945. The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common Calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era
From 1945 until 1961 in South Korea, Gregorian calendar years were counted from the foundation of Gojoseon in 2333 BCE (regarded as year one), the date of the legendary founding of Korea by Dangun, hence these Dangi (단기) years were 4278 to 4294. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. Dangun Wanggeom was the legendary founder of Gojoseon, the first Korean kingdom around present-day Liaoning, Manchuria, and the Korean This numbering was informally used with the Korean lunar calendar before 1945 but is only occasionally used today.
In North Korea, the Juche calendar has been used since 1997 to number its years, based on the birth of Kim Il Sung. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, The Juche Idea (주체사상 Juche Sasang) is the official state Ideology of North Korea and the Political system based on it Kim Il-sung ( 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in early
Features
- The Chinese zodiac of 12 Earthly Branches (animals), which were used for counting hours and years;
- Ten Heavenly Stems, which were combined with the 12 Earthly Branches to form a sixty-year cycle;
- Twenty-four solar terms (jeolgi 節氣 절기) in the year, spaced roughly 15 days apart;
- Lunar months including leap months added every two or three years. The Chinese Zodiac is a 12 year cycle Each year of the 12 year cycle is named after one of the original 12 animals The Earthly Branches ( or) provide one Chinese system for reckoning Time. The ten Celestial Stems ( sometimes known as Heavenly Stems, are the elements of an ancient Chinese cyclic character Numeral system: Jia (甲 Yi (乙 A solar term is one of 24 points in traditional East Asian Lunisolar calendars that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon
Festivals
The lunar calendar is used for the observation of traditional festivals, such as Korean New Year, Chuseok, and Buddha's Birthday. This article deals with the East Asian holiday See also It is also used for jesa memorial services for ancestors and the marking of birthdays by older Koreans.
Traditional holidays
| Festival | Significance | Events | Date (lunar) | Food |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seol-nal | Lunar New Year's Day | An ancestral service is offered before the grave of the ancestors, New Year's greetings are exchanged with family, relatives and neighbours; bows to elders (sebae), yutnori. Korean New Year, known as Seollal ( or Gujeong ( is the first day of the lunar Korean calendar. Yut (sometimes romanized as nyout or yoot) is a traditional Board game played in Korea, especially during Korean New Year. See also Chinese New Year and East Asian age reckoning | Day 1 of Month 1 | sliced rice cake in soup (tteokguk), honey cakes (yakwa). Chinese New Year is the most important of the Traditional Chinese holidays. East Asian age reckoning ( Mongolian: Khii nas is a concept that originated in China and is used in East Asian countries |
| Daeboreum | First full moon | Greeting of the moon (dalmaji), kite-flying, talisman burning to ward evil spirits (aengmagi taeugi), bonfires (daljip taegi) | Day 15 of Month 1 | rice boiled with five grains (ogokbap), nut eating (bureom), wine drinking (gwibalgisul) |
| Meoseumnal | Festival for servants | Housecleaning, coming of age ceremony, fishermen's shaman rite (yeongdeunggut) | Day 1 of Month 2 | stuffed pine-flavoured rice cakes (songpyeon) |
| Samjinnal | Migrant swallows return | Leg fighting, fortune telling | Day 3 of Month 3 | Azalea wine (dugyonju), pancake (dungyeon hwajeon) |
| Hansik | Beginning of farming season | Visit to ancestral grave for offering rite, and cleaning and maintenance. Daeboreum (literally "Great Full Moon" is a Korean holiday that celebrates the first full moon of the new year of the lunar Korean calendar. The Cold Food Festival is a Traditional Chinese holiday celebrated for three consecutive days starting the day before the Qingming Festival in the Chinese Calendar See also Ching Ming Festival | Day 105 after winter solstice | cold food only: mugwort cake (ssuktteok), mugwort dumplings (ssukdanja), mugwort soup (ssuktang) |
| Chopail | Buddha's birthday | Lantern festival | Day 8 of Month 4 | rice cake (jjinddeok), flower cake (hwajeon) |
| Dano | Spring festival | Washing hair with iris water, ssireum, swinging, giving fans as gifts | Day 5 of Month 5 | rice cake with herbs (surichitteok), herring soup (junchiguk) |
| Yudu | Water greeting | Water greeting, washing hair to wash away bad luck | Day 15 of Month 6 | Five coloured noodles (yudumyeon), rice dumplings (sudan) |
| Chilseok | Meeting day of Gyeonwoo and Jiknyeo, in Korean folk tale | Fabric weaving | Day 7 of Month 7 | wheat pancake (milijeonbyeong), rice cake with red beans (sirutteok) |
| Baekjung | Worship to Buddha | Worship to Buddha | Day 15 of Month 7 | mixed rice cake (seoktanbyeong) |
| Chuseok | Harvest festival | Visit to ancestral grave, ssireum, offering earliest rice grain (olbyeosinmi), circle dance (ganggang suwollae) | Day 15 of Month 8 | pine flavoured rice cake stuffed with chestnuts, sesame or beans (songpyeon), taro soup (torantang) |
| Jungyangjeol | Migrant sparrows leave | Celebrating autumn with poetry and painting, composing poetry, enjoying nature. The Qingming Festival ( Vietnamese language: Tết Thanh Minh meaning Clear and Bright Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival on the 104th day after The winter solstice occurs at the instant when the Sun 's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the This article deals with the East Asian holiday See also This article deals with the East Asian holiday See also Dano, also called Surit-nal, is a Korean holiday that falls on the 5th day of the fifth month of the lunar Korean calendar. Ssireum (also called Sirum, Korean: 씨름 is a Korean Wrestling style and is the traditional national sport of Korea The Chilseok is a Korean traditional Festival which falls on every July 7th by the Lunar calendar. Chuseok, originally known as Hangawi (한가위 (from archaic Korean for "great middle" is a major Harvest festival and a three-day holiday Ssireum (also called Sirum, Korean: 씨름 is a Korean Wrestling style and is the traditional national sport of Korea Songpyeon (soŋpʰjʌn is a traditional Korean food made from Glutinous rice. See also Chung Yeung Festival | Day 9 of Month 9 | chrysanthemum pancake (gukhwajeon), roe (eoran), honey citron tea (yujacheong) |
| Dongji | Winter Solstice | Rites to dispel bad spirits | Around December 22 in the solar calendar | redbean soup with rice dumplings (patjuk) |
| Seotdal Geumeum | New Year's Eve | Staying up all night long with all doors open to receive ancestral spirits | Last day of Month 12 | mixed rice with vegetables (bibimbap), bean powder rice cakes (injeolmi), traditional biscuits (hangwa) |
There are also many regional festivals celebrated according to the lunar calendar. The Double Ninth Festival ( or, also or Chung Yeung Festival in Hong Kong, Vietnamese language: Tết Trùng Cửu observed on the ninth day of the The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 The winter solstice occurs at the instant when the Sun 's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the New Year's Eve is on December 31, the final day of the Gregorian year and the day before New Year's Day.
See also
- List of Korea-related topics
- Traditional Korean culture
- Korean era name
- Sexagenary cycle
- Chinese calendar
References
- ^ http://www.koreainfogate.com/aboutkorea/item.asp?src=menu01_03
- ^ http://www.koreainfogate.com/aboutkorea/item.asp?src=menu01_03
- ^ Korean Holidays
The Folkloric Study of Chopail (Buddha's Birthday), by Prof. This is a list of articles on Korea -related people places things and concepts This article is about the traditional culture of Korea. For the modern culture see Culture of North Korea and Culture of South Korea Korean Era names were used during the period of Silla, Goguryeo, Balhae, Taebong, Goryeo, Joseon, and The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. M. Y. Pyeon. Produced by Minsokwon in Seoul Korea,2002.
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