| Konstantin Päts | |
 | |
| In office 24 April 1938 – 21 June 1940 | |
| Preceded by | (was a Riigihoidja) |
| Succeeded by | Jüri Uluots Prime Minister in duties of the President in Exile Lennart Meri (President after regaining of independence Johannes Vares Under USSR occupation |
| Born | February 23, 1874 Estonia(part of the Russian Empire) |
| Died | January 18, 1956 (aged 81) Kalinin, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Estonian |
| Political party | initially Unions of Farmers, later none |
| Spouse | Helma Peedi |
| Alma mater | University of Tartu |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Eastern Orthodox Church |
Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23, 1874 – January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. The President of the Republic (Eesti Vabariigi President is the Head of state of the Republic of Estonia. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Riigihoidja (officially translated as President-Regent) was the name of the office of the Head of state and Head of government of Estonia from Jüri Uluots ( January 13, 1890 - January 9, 1945) was an Estonian Prime minister, Journalist, and prominent Lennart Georg Meri (ˈlennɑr̺t ˈg̥eorg̥ ˈmer̺i ( March 29, 1929 – March 14, 2006) was a Writer, Film director Johannes Vares ( - November 29, 1946) commonly known as Johannes Vares Barbarus was an Estonian Poet, doctor, and Politician The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Tartu (Tartu Ülikool Тартуский университет Universität Dorpat is a classical University in the city of Tartu, Estonia A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Cross of Liberty (Vabadusrist was established by then Prime Minister of Estonia Konstantin Päts, on 24 February, 1919 to honor people for their services Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The President of the Republic (Eesti Vabariigi President is the Head of state of the Republic of Estonia. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region
Päts' surname, which means a loaf of bread in Estonian, came from an ancestor who was a miller by profession. For other uses see Miller (disambiguation A miller usually refers to a person who operates a mill, a machine to grind a Cereal The religion of his forefathers was Lutheranism, as for most Estonians, but his father Jakob Päts, a housebuilder, converted to Orthodoxy and married a Russian, Olga Tumanova. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther
Contents |
Education
In 1898, Päts graduated from the faculty of Law of Tartu University as Cand. jur. Later he received honorary doctorates from Tartu University, Tallinn Technical University and Andhra University, along with honorary membership of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The University of Tartu (Tartu Ülikool Тартуский университет Universität Dorpat is a classical University in the city of Tartu, Estonia Candidate of Law ( cand jur or candidatus/candidata juris, in Sweden jur Tallinn University of Technology (TUT (Estonian Tallinna Tehnikaülikool (TTÜ) is the only University of Technology in Estonia, and Andhra University (Telugu - ఆంధ్రా యూనివర్శిటి located in Visakhapatnam, north east coastal Andhra Pradesh, is one of the Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences ( Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia) is Estonia 's National academy of science
Career
Military and literary experience
Päts served in the Russian 96th Infantry Regiment of Omsk in Pskov and was promoted an ensign. The Russian Ground Forces (Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации tr Pskov (Псков ancient Russian spelling Пльсковъ Pleskov) in Latvian Pleskava, in Estonian Pihkva, is an ancient city located in Ensign (ˈɛnsən is a junior rank of commissioned officer in the militaries of some countries normally in the infantry or navy Since 1901 he worked as an editor of the "Teataja" newspaper in Tallinn. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names In 1904 he was the leader of the Estonian-Russian bloc in municipal elections in Tallinn, but declined the post of mayor of Tallinn due to not being ethnic Russian and became instead deputy mayor. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government He translated into Estonian several works about self-government and beekeeping. Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of Organization. Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin apis, Bee) is the maintenance of Honey bee colonies commonly in Hives He participated in the 1905 Revolution and was convicted in his absence, having fled to Switzerland and then to Finland. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. He returned to the Russian Empire in 1909 and served one year in a St. Petersburg prison. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River During his term he lost his spouse and never remarried.
Political career
Päts was one of the three members of the Salvation Committee that issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence on 24 February 1918. The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia (Manifest Eestimaa rahwastele is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common On the same day Päts was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Minister of the Interior of the newly proclaimed Republic of Estonia. Under the subsequent German occupation, he was arrested by the German authorities and spent June to November in a prison camp in Poland. After returning to Estonia he became the Prime Minister and the Minister of War of the Provisional Government, in which posts he served until 8 May 1919. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Päts served several times as State Elder of Estonia:
- 25 January 1921 - 21 November 1922 (first elected incumbent in this post)
- 2 August 1923 – 26 March 1924
- 12 February 1931 - 19 February 1932
- 1 November 1932 - 18 May 1933
- 21 October 1933 - 3 September 1937 (since 24 January 1934 acting in this post). The Head of State of Estonia (Riigivanem (a literal translation Elder of State was the official title of the Estonian Head of State from 1921 to 1937 Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
In 1922 Päts made the first Estonian state visit, to Finland. "Official visit" redirects here For the Yes Minister episode see " The Official Visit " Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. He had made a proposal for an Estonian-Finnish personal union in 1918, and he bore this idea also later in his mind, as testified by his so-called political testament, written in July 1940. A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct Later, having befriended Finnish president Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Päts made two more state visits to Finland, in 1935 and 1937. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad ( December 15, 1861 &ndash February 29, 1944) was the President of Finland from 1931 to 1937
During his whole political career he was an enthusiast and founder of autonomous local and professional self-government bodies and vocational schools. ATTENTION *** This article is not "Vocational education in the United States"
Convinced that the human lifespan is too short for ensuring a stable state organization, from 1918 he began designing a framework of self-government of various professional groups and ethnic minorities, in order to found a well-balanced state based on proportional representation and cooperation of such groups. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Liberal 1920s were not favorable for such certainties. Proposals for constitutional reform were rejected by the political establishment. However, two professional self-governments (the Chamber of Commerce and Chamber of Agriculture) and two cultural self-governments of ethnic minorities (German and Jewish) were founded during this period.
In the beginning of the 1930s, amidst economic and constitutional crisis, he was called by Kaarel Eenpalu to assume again political leadership of the state. Kaarel Eenpalu (until 1935 named Karl August Einbund) ( May 28, 1888 in Tartu County, Estonia - January 27, 1942 (Eduard Laaman in his biography of Päts ("Pater Estoniae") draws a parallel to Cincinnatus). Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (519 BC &ndash 430 BC? was an ancient Roman political figure serving as Consul in 460 BC and Roman dictator in 458 BC and
He presided over two more governments and was elected on 21 October 1933 to became the head of the transitional administration to the new, presidential, constitution. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In this capacity he declared a state of national emergency in the whole country (a partial state of emergency had applied to certain parts of Estonia since 1918) and began a thorough state reform during which he accomplished political ideas, which he had been advocating for several decades. During this time, many new buildings, mainly for new schools of all kinds and for government and self-government institutions, and also bridges and power plants were built. Regarding the constitution of 1934 too dictatorial, he organised the passing of a new constitution through a plebiscite and a National Constituent Assembly. During the transition to his constitution he became Riigihoidja (President-Regent) of Estonia on 3 September 1937 and President of the Republic, under the new constitution, on 24 April 1938. Riigihoidja (officially translated as President-Regent) was the name of the office of the Head of state and Head of government of Estonia from Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His constitution was based on the contemporary Polish and Belgian constitutions. He also admired the British two-chamber parliament. This time was nostalgically remembered as an era of independence, economic success and prosperity during the following fifty years of Soviet occupation. The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика Estonskaya
Konstantin Päts's foreign policy was less successful. After the beginning of World War II he declared Estonian neutrality but was compelled to allow Soviet military bases in Estonia. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Etymology The word bases is first recorded in English language from c Complete occupation and annexation by the Soviet Union followed next year. His successors in exile (Jüri Uluots and August Rei) considered him the legal Estonian head of state and themselves as his substitutes until his death. Jüri Uluots ( January 13, 1890 - January 9, 1945) was an Estonian Prime minister, Journalist, and prominent August Rei VR III/1 ( 22 March 1886 – Stockholm 29 March 1963) was an Estonian He was arrested and deported by the Soviets and died in a psychiatric hospital in Kalinin (now Tver) in 1956. In the Soviet Union, Psychiatry was used for punitive purposes Tver (Тверь is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
See also
- Johan Laidoner
- Kaarel Eenpalu
- Friedrich Akel
- Salvation Committee
- Estonian War of Independence
- Occupation of Baltic states
External links
- Konstantin Päts on official site of the President of Estonia
- Official site of the President of Estonia
- Video
| Preceded by none | Prime Minister of Estonia 1918–1919 | Succeeded by Otto Strandman |
| Preceded by none | Minister of Interior 1918 | Succeeded by August Peet |
| Preceded by Andres Larka | Minister of War 1918 | Succeeded by Otto Strandman |
| Preceded by Ants Piip | State Elder of Estonia 1921–1922 | Succeeded by Juhan Kukk |
| Preceded by Juhan Kukk | State Elder of Estonia 1923–1924 | Succeeded by Friedrich Akel |
| Preceded by Otto Strandman | State Elder of Estonia 1931–1932 | Succeeded by Jaan Teemant |
| Preceded by Kaarel Eenpalu | State Elder of Estonia 1932–1933 | Succeeded by Jaan Tõnisson |
| Preceded by Jaan Tõnisson | State Elder of Estonia 1933–1937 | Succeeded by Riigihoidja |
| Preceded by State Elder of Estonia | Riigihoidja 1937–1938 | Succeeded by President of Estonia |
| Preceded by suspended | Prime Minister of Estonia 1934–1937 | Succeeded by merged with Riigihoidja |
| Preceded by Riigihoidja | President of Estonia 1938–1940 | Succeeded by Jüri Uluots |
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