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The Kingdom of Sardinia was a state centred on the island of Sardinia for more than five centuries. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Sardinian ( Sardu, Saldu) is after Italian the main language spoken in the island of Sardinia, Italy, remarkable for being the most conservative Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Franco-Provençal ( Francoprovençal) or Arpitan ( Vernacular: frp francoprovençâl arpitan patouès; francoprovenzale arpitano dialetto A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially General description The earliest Waldensians believed in poverty and austerity promoting true poverty public preaching and the personal study of the scriptures For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is The following is a list of monarchs of Kingdom of Sardinia. Early medieval rulers Goddas, 533&ndash534 Vandal governor James II ( 10 August 1267 in Valencia &ndash 2 November or 5 November 1327 in Barcelona) called the Just Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The Statuto Albertino or Albertine Statute was the Constitution that King Charles Albert I of Sardinia conceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia The Italian Senate ( Italian: Senato della Repubblica, 'Senate of the Republic' is the Upper house of the Parliament of Italy. The Italian Chamber of Deputies ( Camera dei Deputati) is the Lower house of the Parliament of Italy. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region Year 1718 ( MDCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The French Revolutionary Wars continued from 1795, with the French in an increasingly strong position as members of the First Coalition made separate peaces Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Statuto Albertino or Albertine Statute was the Constitution that King Charles Albert I of Sardinia conceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) It was often combined with extensive territories elsewhere, such as Corsica or Savoy, but Sardinia was always its namesake. Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French Prior to the firm establishment of a Sardinian monarchy, the island was divided between four giudicati ruled by iudices (judges who sometimes styled themselves reges (kings). The giudicati (singular giudicato) were the indigenous kingdoms of Sardinia from about 900 until 1410 when the last fell to the Aragonese
The first kingdom was created by Frederick Barbarossa in 1164. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned It was part of the Holy Roman Empire, though imperial suzerainty over Sardinia was disputed by the Papacy. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Suzerainty (ˈsjuːzərənti RP or /ˈsjuːzəreɪnti/ RP) (/ˈsuːzərənti/ GA) is a situation in which a Region or people is a History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and In 1297, Pope Boniface VIII created a new kingdom, long after the old one, which had never been very real, had ceased to be claimed, for the Crown of Aragon. Pope Boniface VIII (c 1235 &ndash October 11, 1303) born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.
In 1718 the kingdom was acquired by the House of Savoy and from this point the de facto capital was located on the mainland at Turin. The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region The state at this period is sometimes informally referred to as Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. Its geographical bounds included Savoy, Piedmont, and the County of Nice. For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The County of Nice or Niçard Country ( French: Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois, Italian: Contea di Nizza / Paese Nizzardo, Niçard In 1792, following the French Revolution, the original Duchy of Savoy was occupied and became the French département of Mont-Blanc, but in 1814, with the Congress of Vienna, the King of Sardinia regained his possessions and obtained, in 1815, the annexion of the Ligurian Republic as well. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an In the Terminology of Political geography and Historiography a National department (département departamento is an administrative Mont-Blanc was the name of a département of the First French Empire. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The Ligurian Republic (Repubblica Ligure was a short-lived French client republic formed by Napoleon on June 14, 1797.
In 1860 Nice and Savoy were ceded to France as a price paid for French support in the campaign to unify Italy. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian In 1861, it became a founding state of the new Kingdom of Italy, and ceased to exist after that date. The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom
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First Kings of Sardinia
The title "King" first appears as an informal praise of Constantine I of Logudoro, though his successor Gonario II employed it in official documents. The history of Sardinia begins with its human settlement some hundreds of thousands of years ago Constantine I (circa 1064 &ndash 1128 was the Giudice of Logudoro. Gonario II (also spelled Gonnario or Gunnari; died between 1180 and 1190 was the giudice of Logudoro (a kingdom in Sardinia The first crowned "King of Sardinia" or rex Sardiniae was the judge Barisone II of Arborea. Barison II or Barisone II was the giudice of Arborea, a kingdom of Sardinia, from 1146 to 1186
Frederick Barbarossa, who invested him as such in 1164, was forced to reverse this decision and regrant Sardinia to the Archdiocese of Pisa the next year. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned Barisone's successors, Hugh I and Peter I, continued to claim the title, but it never had any meaning. Hugh I (1178 &ndash 1211 was the son of Ispella di Serra and Hugh I of Bas. Peter I (died 1214 of the Serra family, was the eldest son and successor of Barisone II of Arborea, reigning from 1186 to his death Briefly after succeeding to the Giudicato of Gallura, Enzo, son of the Emperor Frederick II, was installed as king, but was captured and never succeeded in making the kingship hereditary. The Giudicato of Gallura was one of four Sardinian Giudicati of the Middle Ages. Enzio or Enzo ( Italianisation of Heinz, diminutive of Heinrich) (c Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title
Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica
- See also: Medieval Corsica
The Kingdom came into being on 4 April 1297, when Pope Boniface VIII, intervening between the Houses of Anjou and Aragon, established on paper a regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae that would be a fief of the Papacy. The history of Corsica in the Medieval period begins with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the invasions of various Germanic peoples Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Pope Boniface VIII (c 1235 &ndash October 11, 1303) born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 Angevin (ˈændʒəvɪn ( French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin Andegavinus from Andegavia Anjou, France) is the name applied The House of Barcelona ( Casa d'Aragona in Italian history) was a medieval dynasty that ruled the County of Barcelona continuously from 878 and the Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing Then the Pope offered his newly-invented fief to the Valencian James II the Just, king of the Crown of Aragon (a confederation made up of the kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia, and the Counties of Barcelona, Pallars Sobirà and Urgell), promising him papal support should he wish to conquer Pisan Sardinia in exchange for Sicily. James II ( 10 August 1267 in Valencia &ndash 2 November or 5 November 1327 in Barcelona) called the Just The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. The Christian Kingdom of Valencia, located in the Eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia
In 1323 James II formed an alliance with Hugh II of Arborea and, following a military campaign which lasted a year or so, occupied the Pisan territories of Cagliari and Gallura along with the city of Sassari, claiming the territory as the "Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica". Hugh II (died 1336 was the illegitimate son of Marianus III of Arborea and Paulesa de Serra Gallura is a geographical and cultural region in northern Sardinia, Italy. Sassari (in Italian and Sassarese, Tàthari in Sardinian) is a town in the Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily In 1353 Aragon made war on Arborea, then fought with its leader Marianus IV of Arborea,of the Cappai de Bas family, but did not reduce the last of the autochthonous giudicati until 1410. The Giudicato of Arborea was one of the four independent hereditary "judicatures" ( Giudicati) into which the island of Sardinia was Marianus IV (1329 &ndash 1376 called the Great, was the Judge of Arborea from 1347 to his death Cappai des Baux, originally Çapay viscounts of Bas (Baux is the name of an old Aragonese noble family who came to Sardinia in the XIV century with the king
The Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica retained its separate character as part of the Crown of Aragon and was not merely incorporated into the Kingdom of Aragon. At the time of his struggles with Arborea, Peter IV of Aragon granted an autonomous legislature to the Kingdom, which had one of Europe's most advanced legal traditions. Peter IV (also known as Pedro or Pere 5 September 1319, Balaguer – 5 January 1387) called the Ceremonious ( el Ceremonioso The Kingdom was governed in the king's name by a viceroy.
When in 1409, Martí the younger, king of Sicily and heir to Aragon, defeated the last Sardinian giudicato but then died in Cagliari of malaria, without issue, Sardinia passed with the Crown of Aragon to a united Spain. Corsica, which had never been conquered, was dropped from the formal title.
Spanish government
The loss of the autochthonous' independence, the firm Aragonese (later Spanish) rule, with the introduction of a sterile feudalism, as well as the discovery of the Americas, provoked an unstoppable decline of Kingdom of Sardinia. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America
A short period of resurgence occurred under the local noble Leonardo de Alagon, marquess of Oristano, who managed to defeat the viceroyal army in the 1470s but was later crushed at the Battle of Macomer (1478), ending any further hope of independence for the island. Oristano (Aristanis is a town and commune in Sardinia, Italy, the capital of the Province of Oristano.
The unceasing attacks from North African pirates and a series of plagues (from 1582, 1652 and 1655) further worsened the situation. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley.
In 1637 a French fleet sacked Oristano.
War of the Spanish succession and Treaty of Utrecht
After the war of the Spanish succession and under the Peace of Utrecht, Philip was recognized as King Philip V of Spain. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting Philip V of Spain ( December 19, 1683 - July 9, 1746) born Philippe de France, Fils de France and duc d'Anjou
He retained the Spanish overseas empire, but ceded the Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Milan, and Kingdom of Sardinia to Austria; Sicily and parts of the Milanese to House of Savoy; and Gibraltar and Minorca to Great Britain. The Southern Netherlands (Zuidelijke Nederlanden Países Bajos del Sur Pays-Bas du sud were a part of the Low Countries controlled by Spain ( Spanish Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region Minorca ( Catalan and Spanish: Menorca; from Latin Balearis Minor, later Minorica "minor island" is one of the
In 1718 the Kingdom of Sicily was exchanged for that of Sardinia, and the House of Savoy was enabled to call itself royal, as Kings of Sardinia. The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae or Sicilie Regno di Sicilia, commonly abbreviated Regno) was a state that existed in the south of Italy
Officially, the nation's name became "Kingdom of Sardinia, Cyprus, and Jerusalem, Duchy of Savoy and Montferrat, Principality of Piedmont. " During most of the 18th- and 19th century under the House of Savoy, the political and economical capital was Turin. The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region
War with the French Republic and the Congress of Vienna
In 1792 Piedmont-Sardinia joined the First Coalition against the French First Republic, but was beaten in 1796 by Napoleon and forced to conclude the disadvantageous Treaty of Paris (1796), giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. The First Coalition ( 1792 – 1797) was the first major concerted effort of multiple European powers to contain Revolutionary France. The First Republic in France, officially the French Republic (République française was proclaimed on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The Treaty of Paris of May 15 1796 was a Treaty between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia during the War of the First On December 6, 1798 Joubert, occupied Turin and forced Charles Emmanuel IV to abdicate and leave for the island of Sardinia. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Barthélemy Catherine Joubert ( April 14, 1769 &mdash August 15, 1799) was a French general Charles Emmanuel IV ( May 24, 1751 – October 6, 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802 The provisionary government votes to unite Piedmont with France. In 1799 the Austro-Russians briefly occupy the city, but with the Battle of Marengo (1800), the French regain control. In the Battle of Marengo was fought on 14 June 1800 between French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces near the city of Alessandria The island of Sardinia stayed out of the reach of the French for the rest of the war.
In 1814 the kingdom was restored and enlarged with the addition of the former Republic of Genoa, now a duchy, and it served as a buffer state against France. The Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Repubblica di Genova was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from the 11th century A buffer state is a Country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This was confirmed by the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich
In the reaction after Napoleon, the country was ruled by conservative monarchs: Victor Emmanuel I and Charles Albert, who fought at the head of a contingent of his own troops at the Battle of Trocadero, which set the reactionary Ferdinand VII on the Spanish throne. Victor Emmanuel I ( July 24, 1759 &ndash January 10, 1824) was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, and Aosta, and King Biography He was born in Turin in 1798 to Charles Emmanuel of Savoy 6th Prince of Carignano and Albertina Maria Cristina of Saxony. The Battle of Trocadero August 31, 1823, was a battle in the Spanish Civil War of 1820-23 which ended the war in favor of the conservative Early life In his youth he occupied the painful position of an heir apparent who was jealously excluded from all share in government by his parents and the royal favorite
The Kingdom of Sardinia industrialized from 1830 onward. A constitution, the Statuto Albertino, was enacted in the year of revolutions, 1848, under liberal pressure, and under the same pressure war was declared on Austria. The Statuto Albertino or Albertine Statute was the Constitution that King Charles Albert I of Sardinia conceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European After initial success the war took a turn for the worse and the Kingdom of Sardinia lost.
Risorgimento
Like all of Italy, the Kingdom of Sardinia was troubled with political instability, under alternating governments. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian After a very short and disastrous second war with Austria, Charles Albert abdicated on March 23, 1849, in favour of his son Victor Emmanuel II. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of
In 1850 a liberal ministry under Count Camillo Benso di Cavour was installed, and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the engine driving the Italian Unification. Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso Conte di Cavour, Conte di Isolabella e Leri ( August 10 1810 &ndash June Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian The Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont) took part in the Crimean War, allied with Ottoman Empire, Britain and France, and fighting against Russia. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
In 1859 France sided with the Kingdom of Sardinia in a war against Austria, the Austro-Sardinian War. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Napoleon III didn't keep his promises to Cavour to fight until all of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia had been conquered. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (Regno Lombardo-Veneto Lombardo-Venezianisches Königreich was a kingdom in northern Italy, and part of the Austrian Empire. Following the bloody battles of Magenta and Solferino, both Sardinian/French victories, Napoleon thought the war too costly to continue and made a separate peace behind Cavour's back in which only Lombardy would be ceded. The Battle of Magenta was fought on June 4, 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in a French-Sardinian victory under The Battle of Solferino was fought on June 24, 1859 and resulted in the victory of the allied French Army under Napoleon III and Sardinian Due to the Austrian government's refusal to cede any lands to the Kingdom of Sardinia, they agreed to cede Lombardy to Napoleon who in turn then ceded the territory to the Kingdom of Sardinia to avoid 'embarrassing' the defeated Austrians. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the
Garibaldi and the Mille
On March 5, 1860 Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna voted in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Parma is a City in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna near Modena famous for its Architecture and the fine countryside around it Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Modena (ˈmɔːdena Mòdna in Modenese dialect is a city and a Comune ( Municipality) on the south side of the Po valley, in the Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita This alarmed Napoleon who feared a strong Savoyard state on his southeastern border and he insisted that if the Kingdom of Sardinia were to keep the new acquisitions they would have to cede Savoy and Nice to France. This was done after dubious referendums showed around 90% majorities in both areas in favour of joining France.
In 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi started his campaign to conquer southern Italy in the name of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Garibaldi redirects here for other meanings see Garibaldi (disambiguation. He quickly toppled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and marched to Gaeta. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ( Regno delle Due Sicilie) commonly known as just the Two Sicilies, was the name of a Kingdom in Europe. Gaeta is a city and Comune in the Province of Latina, in Lazio, central Italy. Cavour was actually the most satisfied with the unification while Garibaldi wanted to conquer Rome. Garibaldi was too revolutionary for the king and his prime minister.
Towards Kingdom of Italy
On March 17, 1861 the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed thus ending the Kingdom of Sardinia as a separate kingdom. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom Piedmont would become the most dominant and wealthiest region in Italy and the capital of Piedmont, Turin, would remain the Italian capital until 1865 when the capital was moved to Florence. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany The House of Savoy would rule Italy until 1946 when a republic was proclaimed. The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
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