Citizendia

Khowar
Spoken in:Pakistan
Total speakers:250,000
Language family:Indo-European
 Indo-Iranian
  Dardic
   Khowar
Language codes
ISO 639-1:none
ISO 639-2:ine
ISO 639-3:khw
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages The Dardic languages are a group of Indo-Iranian languages spoken in eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and in India in the region of Jammu ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

Khowar,(کھوار )also known as Chitrali, is a Dardic language spoken by 453,765 people in Chitral in Northwest Pakistan, in Yasin Valley and Gupis in neighboring Gilgit, and in parts of Upper Swat. The Dardic languages are a group of Indo-Iranian languages spoken in eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and in India in the region of Jammu Chitral is a district in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan that contains the town of Chitral. The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP ( Urdu: śimāl maġribī sarhadī sūba) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. The Yasin Valley is a high mountain Valley in the Hindu Kush mountains in the northwest region of Gilgit in the Northern Areas of Pakistan Gilgit River (دریائے گلگت is a Tributary of the Indus River, and flows past the town of Gilgit. It is spoken as a second language in the rest of Gilgit and Hunza. Gilgit River (دریائے گلگت is a Tributary of the Indus River, and flows past the town of Gilgit. For the article about the former Princely state, see State of Hunza Hunza Valley ( Urdu: ہنزہ is a mountainous valley near There are believed to be small numbers of Khowar speakers in Afghanistan, China, Tajikistan and Istanbul. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان‎ taajikestaan officially the Republic of Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey

Khowar has been influenced by Iranian languages to a greater degree than other Dardic languages and has less Sanskritic elements than Shina or the Kohistani languages. The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. Colonel Biddulph (Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh) was amongst the first westerners to study Khowar and claimed that further research would prove Khowar to be equally derived from Zend (Avestan, Old Persian) and Sanskrit. Avestan is an Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta.

The Norwegian Linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields Georg Morgenstierne (1892 Oslo, Norway – 1978 Oslo Norway was a Norwegian Linguist with the University of Oslo. Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are spoken here. These include Kalasha-mun, Palula, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Nuristani, Yidgha, Burushaski, Gujar, Wakhi, Kyrgyz, Persian and Pashto. Kalash or Kalasha (also known as Kalasha-mun) is an Indo-European language in the Indo-Iranian branch further classified as a Dardic Palula (also spelled Phalura Palola Phalulo Ashreti or Dangarikwar (the name used by Khowar speakers is a language spoken by approximately 10000 people in the valleys of Ashret Dameli is a language spoken by approximately 5000 people in the Domel Valley in the Chitral District of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan Gawar-Bati is known in Chitral as Aranduyiwar because it is spoken in Village Arandu which is the last village in the bottom of Chitral and is across the Kunar River from Berkot in The Nuristani languages are a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian language family, spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Yidgha language is a Pamir language spoken in the Upper Lutkuh Valley of Chitral, west of Garam Chishma in Pakistan. Burushaski (بروشسکی - burū́šaskī is a Language isolate not known to be related to any other language of the world The Gujjar ( Hindi: गुज्जर Urdu: گجر or Gurjar (Hindi गुर्जर Urdu گُرجر are an ethnic group in India and Wakhi is an Indo-Iranian language in the sub-branch of Southeastern Iranian languages (see Pamir languages) Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (Кыргыз тили Kyrgyz tili, قىرعىز ٴتىلى is a Turkic language, and together with Russian, an official Pashto ( Naskh: پښتو‎ pəʂ'to also rendered as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, Pushtu, also known as Since many of these languages have no written form, letters are usually written in Urdu. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised

Written Khowar

Khowar has been written in the Arabic Nasta'liq script since the early twentieth century, prior to that the administrative and literary language of the region was Persian and works such as poetry and songs in Khowar were passed down in oral tradition. (also anglicized as Nastaleeq;) is one of the main genres of Islamic calligraphy. Oral tradition, oral culture and oral lore is a way for a society to transmit history, literature, law and other Knowledges Today Urdu and English are the official languages and the only major literary usage of Khowar is in writing poetry. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Khowar has also been written in the Roman script since the 1960's. Badshah Munir Bukhari worked on the language and its family. Badshah Munir Bukhari (بادشاہ منیر بخاری) is a linguist from Northern Pakistan.

References

External links


Badshah Munir Bukhari

Badshah Munir Bukhari (بادشاہ منیر بخاری) is a linguist from Northern Pakistan.
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