Khanty language - Citizendia

Khanty ханты ясанг
Spoken in:	Russia
Region:	Khantia-Mansia
Total speakers:	12,000
Language family:	Uralic Finno-Ugric Ugric Ob-Ugric Khanty
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:
ISO 639-3:	`kca`
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra (Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́ Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug – Yugra List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Uralic languages (jʊˈrælɨk constitute a language family of 39 Languages spoken by approximately 20 million people Finno-Ugric (ˌfɪnoʊˈjuːgɹɪk is a grouping of languages in the Uralic language family comprising Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian and Ugric or Ugrian languages ˈjuːɡrɨk ˈjuːɡriən are a branch of the Finno-Ugric Language family. The Ob-Ugric languages are a subset of the Finno-Ugric languages, specifically referring to the Khanty (Ostyak and Mansi (Vogul languages ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

Khanty or Xanty language, also known as the Ostyak language, is a language of the Khant peoples. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Khanty / Hanti (obsolete Ostyaks) are an endangered Indigenous people calling themselves Khanti Khande Kantek (Khanty living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous It is spoken in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, as well as in Aleksandrovsky and Kargosoksky Districts of Tomsk Oblast in Russia. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra (Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́ Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug – Yugra Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Яма́ло-Нене́цкий автоно́мный о́круг Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug; Nenets: Ямалы-Ненёцие’’ Tomsk Oblast (То́мская о́бласть Tomskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending According to the 1994 Salminen and 1994 Janhunen study, there were 12,000 Khanty-speaking people in Russia. The Khanty and Mansi languages are the Ob Ugric (Ob Ugrian) members of the Finno-Ugric languages. The Mansi language (also Vogul, although this is obsolete is a Language of the Mansi people. Finno-Ugric (ˌfɪnoʊˈjuːgɹɪk is a grouping of languages in the Uralic language family comprising Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian and

The Khanty language is known to have a large number of dialects. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of The western group of dialects includes the Obdorian, Ob, and Irtysh dialects. Salekhard (Салеха́рд Nenets: Саля'харад lit Ob River (Обь also Obi, is a major river in West Siberia, Russia, the country's fourth longest Irtysh (Иртыш; Kazakh: Ertis / Эртiс; Иртеш|İrteş; Chinese: Erqisi / 额尔齐斯河) a River in Siberia The eastern group of dialects includes the Surgut and Vakh-Vasyugan dialects, which, in turn, are subdivided into thirteen other dialects. Surgut (Сургу́т is a city in Russia, the largest in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and second largest in Tyumen Oblast. The Vakh River (Вах is a River in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Vasyugan (Васюга́н is a river in Russia, the left Tributary of the Ob River. All these dialects significantly differ from each other by their phonetical, morphological, and lexical features - to the extent that the three main "dialects" (the northern group as the third) are mutually unintelligible. Phonetics (from the Greek φωνή ( phonê) "sound" or "voice" is the study of the physical sounds of human speech Morphology is the field of Linguistics that studies the internal structure of words The vocabulary of a person is defined either as the set of all Words that are understood by that person or the set of all words likely to be used by that person when constructing Thus, based on their significant multifactorial differences western and eastern Khanty could be considered individual but closely related languages.

1 Alphabet
2 History of the literary language
3 Dialects
- 3.1 The Vakh dialect
- 3.2 The Ob’ dialect
4 Grammar
5 Syntax
6 References

Alphabet

Cyrillic

А а	Ӓ ӓ	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ё ё
Ә ә	Ӛ ӛ	Ж ж	З з	И и	Й й	К к	Ӄ ӄ
Л л	Л’ л’	М м	Н н	Ӈ ӈ	О о	Ӧ ӧ	Ө ө
Ӫ ӫ	П п	Р р	С с	Т т	У у	Ӱ ӱ	Ф ф
Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ч’ ч’	Ш ш	Щ щ	Ъ ъ	Ы ы
Ь ь	Э э	Ю ю	Я я

Latin(1931-1937)

A a	B в	D d	E e	Ә ә	F f	H h	Һ һ
I i	J j	K k	L l	Ļ ļ	Ł ł	M m	N n
Ņ ņ	Ŋ ŋ	O o	P p	R r	S s	Ş ş	S̷ s̷
T t	U u	V v	Z z	Ƶ ƶ	Ƅ ƅ

History of the literary language

The Khanty written language was first created after the October Revolution on the basis of the Latin script in 1930, and then with the Cyrillic alphabet (with the additional letter <ң> for /ŋ/) from 1937. A written language is the representation of a Language by means of a Writing system. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Khanty literary works are usually written with the use of three dialects, such as the Kazym, Shuryshkar, and middle-Ob dialects. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Newspaper reporting and TV and radio broadcasting are usually done in the Kazymian dialect.

Dialects

The Vakh dialect

The Vakh dialect is divergent. It has rigid vowel harmony and a tripartite (ergative-accusative) case system: The agent ("subject") of a transitive verb takes the instrumental case suffix -nə-, while the object takes the accusative case suffix. Vowel harmony is a type of long-distance ( see below) assimilatory phonological process involving Vowels in some languages A tripartite language, also called an ergative-accusative language, is one that treats the subject of an intransitive verb the subject of a transitive verb and the object An ergative-absolutive Language (or simply ergative language is a language that treats the argument (" subject " of an Intransitive The accusative case ( abbreviated ACC) of a Noun is the Grammatical case used to mark the Direct object of a Transitive In Syntax, a transitive verb is a Verb that requires both a subject and one or more objects Some examples of sentences with transitive verbs The "subject" of an intransitive verb, however, is not marked for case and might be said to be absolutive. In Grammar, an intransitive Verb does not take an object. In more technical terms an intransitive verb has only one argument (its subject The transitive verb agrees with the agent, as in nominative-accusative systems. A nominative-accusative Language (or simply accusative language) is one that marks the direct object of Transitive verbs distinguishing them

The Ob’ dialect

The Ob’ phonemic inventory is p t tʲ k, s ʃ ɕ x, m n ɲ ŋ, l ɾ j w, short vowels i a o u, long vowels eː aː oː uː, and a reduced vowel ə which is never word-initial. Unlike Vakh, it does not have vowel harmony.

Grammar

The noun

The nominal suffixes include dual -ŋən, plural -(ə)t, dative -a, locative/instrumental -nə. Dual is a Grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and Plural. Plural is a Grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the Referent in the real world The dative case is a Grammatical case generally used to indicate the Noun to whom something is given Locative (also called the seventh case) is a Grammatical case which indicates a location The instrumental case (also called the eighth case) is a Grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the

For example:

xot "house" (cf. Hungarian ház, Finnish koto "home" (elevated style))

xotŋəna "to the two houses"

xotətnə "at the houses" (cf. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Finnish kotona "at home", an exceptional form using the old, locative meaning of the essive case ending -na).

Singular, dual, and plural possessive suffixes may be added to singular, dual, and plural nouns, in three persons, for 3³ = 27 forms. A few, from məs "cow", are:

məsem "my cow"

məsemən "my 2 cows"

məsew "my cows"

məstatən "the 2 of our cows"

məsŋətuw "our 2 cows"

Pronouns

The personal pronouns are, in the nominative case:

	SG	DU	PL
1st person	ma	min	muŋ
2nd person	naŋ	nən	naŋ
3rd person	tuw	tən	təw

The case of ma are accusative manət and dative manəm.

The demonstrative pronouns and adjectives are:

tamə "this", tomə "that", sit "that yonder": tam xot "this house".

Basic interrogative pronouns are:

xoy "who?", muy "what?"

Numerals

Khanty numerals, compared with Hungarian, are:

#	Khanty	Hungarian
1	yit, yiy	egy
2	katn, kat	kettő, két
3	xutəm	három
4	nyatə	négy
5	wet	öt
6	xut	hat
7	tapət	hét
8	nəvət	nyolc
9	yaryaŋ (short of ten?)	kilenc
10	yaŋ	tíz
20	xus	húsz
30	xutəmyaŋ (3 tens)	harminc
100	sot	száz

Except for "ten" and the compound forms, these are quite similar in the two languages. Note also the regularity of [xot]-[haːz] "house" and [sot]-[saːz] "hundred".

Syntax

Both Khanty and Mansi are basically nominative-accusative languages, but have innovative morphological ergativity. The Mansi language (also Vogul, although this is obsolete is a Language of the Mansi people. A nominative-accusative Language (or simply accusative language) is one that marks the direct object of Transitive verbs distinguishing them In an ergative construction, the object is given the same case as the subject of an intransitive verb, and the locative is used for the agent of the transitive verb (as an instrumental) . Locative (also called the seventh case) is a Grammatical case which indicates a location The instrumental case (also called the eighth case) is a Grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the This may be used with some specific verbs, for example "to give": the literal anglicisation would be "by me (subject) a fish (object) gave to you (indirect object)" for the equivalent of the sentence "I gave a fish to you". However, the ergative is morphological (marked using a case) only, not syntactic, so that, in addition, these may be passivized in a way resembling English. For example, in Mansi, "a dog (agent) bit you (object)" could be reformatted as "you(object) were bitten, by a dog(instrument)". The Mansi language (also Vogul, although this is obsolete is a Language of the Mansi people.

References

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