A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a musical keyboard. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers A musical keyboard is the set of adjacent depressible levers or keys on a Musical instrument, particularly the piano The most common of these is the piano. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers Other widely used keyboard instruments include various types of organs as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments. The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each An electronic musical instrument is a Musical instrument that produces its sounds using Electronics. In common language, it is mostly used to refer to keyboard-style synthesizers.

Contents 1 History 2 List of keyboard instruments 2.1 Chordophones 2.2 Aerophones 2.3 Idiophones 2.4 Electrophones 3 External links

History

Among the earliest keyboard instruments are the pipe organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord. The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard The clavichord is a European stringed Keyboard instrument known from the late Medieval, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical A harpsichord is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. The organ is doubtless the oldest of these, appearing in the 3rd century BC, although this early instrument--called hydraulis--did not use a keyboard in the modern sense. The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC The water organ or hydraulic organ (early types are sometimes called hydraulis, hydraulos, hydraulus or hydraula) is a type of automatic From its invention until the 14th century, the organ remained the only keyboard instrument. Often, the organ didn't feature a keyboard at all, rather buttons or large levers which were operated by a whole hand. Almost every keyboard until the 15th century had 7 naturals to each octave.

The clavichord and the harpsichord appeared during the 14th century, the clavichord probably being the earliest. During their development, a B-flat key was added to the keyboard in order to remedy the tritone between F and B, and the other semitones were added later. The tritone ( Tri - or three and tone) is a Musical interval that spans three whole tones. The harpsichord and the clavichord were both very common until the widespread adoption of the piano in the 18th century, after which their popularity decreased. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The piano was revolutionary because a pianist could vary the volume (or dynamics) of the sound by varying the vigor with which each key was struck. A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra The piano's full name is "gravicèmbalo con piano e forte" meaning "harpsichord with soft and loud" but can be shortened to "piano-forte", which means "soft-loud" in Italian. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

Keyboard instruments were further developed in the 20th century. Early electromechanical instruments, such as the Ondes Martenot, appeared early in the century. The ondes Martenot (IPA maʀtəno French for "Martenot waves" also known as the ondium Martenot, Martenot and ondes musicales) is an early

The earliest fully electronic keyboard instruments were electronic organs that used oscillators and frequency dividers, together with a network of filters, to produce waveforms. An electronic organ is an Electronic keyboard instrument originally designed to imitate the sound of a Pipe organ. Oscillation is the repetitive variation typically in Time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of Equilibrium) or between two or more different states waveformogg|right|a sine square and sawtooth wave at 440 hz]] Waveform means the shape and form of a signal such as a Wave moving in a solid liquid or gaseous

Much effort went into finding an instrument which sounded like the piano but lacked its size and weight. The electric piano and electronic piano were early efforts that, while being useful instruments in their own right, were not successful in convincingly reproducing the timbre of the piano. An electric piano is an electric Musical instrument. The popularity of the electric piano began to grow in the late 1960s, reaching its greatest height during the An electronic piano is a Keyboard instrument designed to simulate the Timbre of a Piano (and sometimes a Harpsichord or an organ) In Music, timbre (ˈtæm-bər' like timber, or, from Fr timbre tɛ̃bʁ is the quality of a Musical note or sound that distinguishes different Electric and electronic organs were developed during the same period.

Significant development of the synthesizer occurred in the 1960s and has continued ever since. The most notable early synthesizer is the Moog synthesizer, which used analog circuitry. The term Moog (ˈmoʊg as in 'vogue' Synthesizer can refer to any number of Analog synthesizers designed by Dr Analogue electronics (or analog in American English) are those electronic systems with a continuously Variable signal In time, digital synthesis became common.

Tape replay keyboards were invented in the 1940s and saw popularity in the late 1960s and 1970s. A tape replay keyboard is a musical instrument that uses pre-recorded analog tapes to produce sound when a key is pressed The best-known example is the Mellotron. The Mellotron is an electro-mechanical polyphonic keyboard originally developed and built in Birmingham, England in the early 1960s These instruments became obsolete with the invention of samplers, which replay samples at any pitch. A sampler is an electronic musical instrument closely related to a Synthesizer. In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording

Now Modern-day keyboards have such facilities as colour LCD screens, highly realistic voices and styles and MIDI recording.

List of keyboard instruments

Chordophones

• Clavichord
• Electric piano
  • Clavinet
  • Pianet
  • Rhodes piano
  • Wurlitzer electric piano
• Harpsichord
  • Spinet
  • Virginal
• Piano
• Tangent piano
• Bowed Clavier
• Hurdy gurdy

Aerophones

• Accordion
• Concertina
• Harmonium
• Melodeon
• Melodica
• Organ
  • Pipe organ
  • Reed organ

Idiophones

• Carillon
• Celesta
• Glasschord

Electrophones

• Chamberlin
• Continuum
• Digital piano
• Dubreq Stylophone
• Electronic keyboard
• Electronic piano
  • Rhodes piano
• Electronic organ
  • Hammond organ
  • Farfisa
• Keytar
• Mellotron
• Music workstation
• Ondes Martenot
• Synthesizer
  • Moog synthesizer
• Sampler (musical instrument)

External links

• The general keyboard in the age of MIDI.

A Chordophone is any Musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points The clavichord is a European stringed Keyboard instrument known from the late Medieval, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical An electric piano is an electric Musical instrument. The popularity of the electric piano began to grow in the late 1960s, reaching its greatest height during the A Clavinet is an electrophonic Keyboard instrument manufactured by the Hohner company The Pianet was a series of Electric pianos built by the Hohner company of Trossingen West Germany from the 1950s to the 1970s A Rhodes piano is an electromechanical Musical instrument, a brand of Electric piano. The Wurlitzer electric piano was one of a series of electromechanical stringless pianos manufactured and marketed by the Rudolph Wurlitzer Company Corinth A harpsichord is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. A spinet is a smaller type of Harpsichord or other keyboard instrument such as a Piano or organ. The virginals (the plural form does not necessarily denote more than one instrument or virginal is a Keyboard instrument of the Harpsichord family The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The tangent piano is a very rare Keyboard instrument that resembles a Harpsichord and early Pianos in design The bowed clavier (Bogenclavier in German) is a Keyboard instrument strung with Gut strings, the tone of which is produced by a steadily revolving well A hurdy gurdy (also known as a wheel fiddle) is a stringed Musical instrument in which the strings are sounded by means of a Rosined wheel which the strings An aerophone is any Musical instrument which produces Sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate without the use of strings or membranes and without The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox A concertina is a free-reed Musical instrument, like the various Accordions and the Harmonica. A harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ melodeon (also known as a cabinet organ or American organ) is a type of 19th century Reed organ with a foot-operated Vacuum Bellows The melodica is a Free-reed instrument similar to the Accordion and Harmonica. The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard A reed organ, also called parlor organ pump organ cabinet organ cottage organ, is an organ that generates its sounds using free metal reeds. An idiophone is any Musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument vibrating itself without the use of strings or membranes A carillon (/kaʁijɔ̃/ /ˈkærɪljɒn/ or /kəˈrɪljən/ is a Musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells which are played The celesta (pronounced /səˈlɛstə/ or celeste (pronounced /səˈlɛst/ is a struck Idiophone operated by a keyboard. The glasschord (or glasscord is a Crystallophone that resembles the Celesta but uses keyboard -driven hammers to strike glass bars instead of metal bars The fifth top-level group electrophone category was added to the Hornbostel Sachs musical instrument classfication system by Sachs in 1940 to describe instruments involving electricity The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical Keyboard instrument related to the Mellotron. The Continuum Fingerboard is a music performance controller developed by Lippold Haken, a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois A digital piano is a modern Electronic musical instrument designed to serve primarily as an alternative to a traditional Piano, both in the way it feels to play The Dubreq Stylophone is a miniature Stylus operated synthesizer invented in 1967 by Brian Jarvis. An electronic keyboard or digital keyboard is a type of Keyboard instrument. An electronic piano is a Keyboard instrument designed to simulate the Timbre of a Piano (and sometimes a Harpsichord or an organ) A Rhodes piano is an electromechanical Musical instrument, a brand of Electric piano. An electronic organ is an Electronic keyboard instrument originally designed to imitate the sound of a Pipe organ. The Hammond organ is an electric organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company Farfisa is a manufacturer of electronics based in Italy The Farfisa brand name is commonly associated with a series of compact Electronic organ, and later a series of multi-timbral A keytar is a relatively lightweight keyboard or Synthesizer that is supported by a strap around the neck and shoulders similar to the way a Guitar The Mellotron is an electro-mechanical polyphonic keyboard originally developed and built in Birmingham, England in the early 1960s A music workstation is piece of electronic musical equipment providing the facilities of a Sound module, a Music sequencer The ondes Martenot (IPA maʀtəno French for "Martenot waves" also known as the ondium Martenot, Martenot and ondes musicales) is an early The term Moog (ˈmoʊg as in 'vogue' Synthesizer can refer to any number of Analog synthesizers designed by Dr A sampler is an electronic musical instrument closely related to a Synthesizer.

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