Joseph Ejercito Estrada
13th President of the Philippines 3rd President of the 5th Republic
In office June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
Vice President	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Preceded by	Fidel V. Ramos
Succeeded by	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
11th Vice President of the Philippines 2nd Vice President of the 5th Republic
In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
Preceded by	Salvador Laurel
Succeeded by	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Born	April 19, 1937 (1937-04-19) (age 71) Tondo, Manila
Political party	Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP)
Spouse	Luisa Pimentel
Occupation	Actor
Religion	Roman Catholic
Signature

Jose Marcelo Ejercito (born on April 19, 1937), better known as Joseph Ejercito Estrada^[1], or Erap, was a popular film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. The Vice President of the Philippines is the second highest executive official of the Philippine government Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of Manila For the party coalition see Puwersa ng Masa. The Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Filipino Masses) formerly Partido Luisa Pimentel-Ejercito (born Luisa Fernandez Pimentel on June 2, 1930 in Iba Zambales) better known as Luisa "Loi" Ejercito An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. He was peacefully overthrown by the Second People Power Revolution after his aborted impeachment trial in the Senate, where eleven Philippine senators refused to examine the second envelope of the Jose Velarde bank account that would supposedly prove acts of political corruption. The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also called by the local media as EDSA II (pronounced as EDSA Dos or EDSA 2 or the Second People Power Revolution, is the Impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to forcibly remove a Government official The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino: Senádo ng Pilipínas) is the upper chamber of the bicameral Legislature of the Philippines, the Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain On April 4, 2001, the trial of Estrada began as Ombudsman Aniano Desierto filed before the Sandiganbayan, a Philippine anti-graft court, a PHP 4-billion plunder suit and a minor perjury charge for falsely declaring his assets and illegally using the Jose Velarde alias. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. The trial Charges filed A few months after the January 2001 popular uprising that ousted Estrada the Philippine Ombudsman filed two charges at the Sandiganbayan The Philippine Ombudsman (Fil Tanodbayan) is an Ombudsman responsible for investigating and prosecuting government officials in the Philippines who are On September 12, 2007, he became the first Philippine President to be convicted of a crime after the Sandiganbayan found him guilty of plunder, which is punishable by reclusion perpetua. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis Reclusión perpetua ( Spanish, from reclusio perpetua, meaning "permanent imprisonment" is a particular kind of sentence of imprisonment in the ^[2] He was detained in his Tanay, Rizal resthouse but then pardoned by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on October 25, 2007. A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[3]

Early life and career

José Marcelo Ejército was born in Tondo, one of the poorest parts of Manila. History See also Ancient Tondo The former region of Tondo is over eleven hundred years old The City of Manila He was the son of Emilio Ejército, Sr. (1898-1977), a small-scale government contractor, and the former María Marcelo (born 1905), a housewife. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Maria Marcelo-Ejercito, also known as Mary Ejercito (born May 2, 1905) is the mother of Joseph Ejercito Estrada, the 13th President of the Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting He is the brother of Antonio Ejercito (1932-2005) and Emilio Ejercito, Jr. (George Estregan) (1928-1999)

Dropping out of college and involvement in a street gang so displeased his family that they forbade him from using his family name. He adopted the surname "Estrada" (Spanish for 'road') as a last name. As an actor he acquired the nickname "Erap" (from the reversed spelling of pare, Filipino slang for 'pal' or 'buddy'). He played the lead role in more than 100 movies, and was producer of over 70 films. He was the first FAMAS Hall of Fame awardee for Best Actor (1981) and also became a Hall of Fame award-winner as a producer (1983). Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) He often played heroes of the downtrodden classes, which gained him the admiration of a lot of the nation's many unschooled and impoverished citizens. This later proved advantageous to his political career.

Joseph Estrada married Luisa Pimentel (former Doctor and first lady turned senator) and had three children with her: Jose "Jinggoy" Ejetcito (better known as "Jinggoy Estrada"; former Mayor of San Juan turned Senator/married to Precy Vitug), Jackie Ejercito (married to Beaver Lopez), and Jude Ejercito. Luisa Pimentel-Ejercito (born Luisa Fernandez Pimentel on June 2, 1930 in Iba Zambales) better known as Luisa "Loi" Ejercito Jose Pimentel Ejercito (born on February 17, 1963) better known as Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada, is a former action star and the current senator For the capital city of Puerto Rico see San Juan Puerto Rico. Joseph Estrada met his wife Loi while working as an orderly at the National Center for Mental Health (NMCH) in Mandaluyong City.

He also had a child from an out-of-wedlock relationship, Joseph Victor "JV" Ejercito (from socialite Guia Gómez, and is married to Cindy Lotuaco), who also made a name for himself in Philippine politics by following his father's footsteps as the current mayor of San Juan City. For the capital city of Puerto Rico see San Juan Puerto Rico. Pagsanjan, Laguna Mayor Emilio Ramon Ejercito III, known in Philippine showbiz as George Estregan Jr. Pagsanjan (pronounced 'Pag-sang-han' is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. or E. R. Ejercito, is his nephew.

During the 2000 impeachment proceedings, reports of Estrada's numerous out-of-marriage relationships and offspring surfaced in the press. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

As an actor with no prior political experience, Estrada ran for mayor of San Juan, a municipality of Metro Manila, in 1968 and ended up losing his bid for mayor. For the capital city of Puerto Rico see San Juan Puerto Rico. A municipality ( bayan, sometimes munisipyo in Cebuano or used infrequently in Tagalog) is a local government unit in the Philippines Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was only proclaimed mayor in 1969, after winning an electoral protest against Dr. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Braulio Sto. Domingo.

When Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency in 1986, all officials of the local government suspected of malfeasance and anomalies were removed and replaced by appointed officers-in-charge. María Corazón Cojuangco-Aquino (born María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco on January 25, 1933) widely known as Cory Aquino, was the 11th Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Estrada was then removed from his position as mayor. The following year, he ran and won a seat in the Senate under the Grand Alliance for Democracy (GAD). The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino: Senádo ng Pilipínas) is the upper chamber of the bicameral Legislature of the Philippines, the He placed 16th place in the said elections (out of 24 winners).

He served as Vice President of the Philippines under Fidel V. Ramos from 1992–1998. The Vice President of the Philippines is the second highest executive official of the Philippine government Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

Presidency

Election

Main article: Philippine general election, 1998

U. Presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. S. Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines Thomas Hubbard (left) and Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen (center) visit with President Joseph E. Estrada (right) at Malacanang Palace, Philippines, on Aug. 3, 1998

The 1998 presidential election campaign, like most presidential election campaigns in the Philippines, had hardly anything to do with a contest between political platforms and programs. Estrada’s political strategists and financial backers were aware that a large share of the Philippine electorate, the "masa" (the poor and undereducated masses), were looking for a leadership they could relate to. Estrada’s financial backers designed a campaign strategy that reflected Estrada’s pro-poor image that he had built up throughout his movie career. Central in the campaign was Estrada’s campaign slogan "Erap para sa Mahirap" (Erap for the poor) that succeeded in inspiring the masses with the hope that Estrada would be the president of and for the masses. Estrada's running mate, Edgardo Angara, was defeated by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. For other uses please see Angara (disambiguation. Edgardo Javier Angara (born September 24, 1934) is a politician in Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. During the campaign, Estrada's political rivals tried but failed to discredit him while publicizing his womanizing, drinking and gambling. Estrada was inaugurated on June 30, 1998 in the historical town of Malolos in Bulacan province. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) This article is about the city For the cathedral see Malolos Cathedral. This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. Like all presidential election campaigns in the Philippines, billions of Pesos (hundreds of millions of US Dollars) were spent by most of the financial backers of the candidates.

Philippine Daily Inquirer

Estrada criticized The Philippine Daily Inquirer, the nation's most popular broadsheet newspaper, for "bias, malice and fabrication" against him — a charge The Inquirer denied. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is the most widely read Broadsheet Newspaper in the Philippines In 1999, several government organizations, pro-Estrada businesses, and movie producers simultaneously pulled their advertisements in The Inquirer. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The presidential palace was widely implicated in the advertising boycott, prompting sharp criticism from international press freedom watchdog. Freedom Constitutional or statutory protections pertaining to freedom of the press

Cabinet Secretaries

Corruption charges and impeachment

The Estrada presidency was soon dogged by charges of plunder and corruption. Panfilo Morena "Ping" Lacson (born June 1, 1948) is a retired Director-General of the Philippine National Police, and is currently a member of He was reported by his Chief of Staff Aprodicio Laquian to have allegedly spent long hours drinking with shady characters as well as "midnight drinking sessions" with some of his cabinet members during meetings. In October 2000, an acknowledged gambling racketeer, Luis "Chavit" Singson, governor of the province of Ilocos Sur, alleged that he had personally given Estrada the sum of 400 million pesos ($8,255,933) as payoff from illegal gambling profits, as well as 180 million pesos ($3,715,170) from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers' marketing cooperative. October 2000: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - Background Family History The Singsons started to put down roots in Vigan in the 17th century A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Ilocos Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. The peso ( Filipino: piso) ( sign: ₱; code: PHP) is the currency of the Philippines. Singson's allegation caused an uproar across the nation, which culminated in Estrada's impeachment by the House of Representatives in November 13, 2000. Impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to forcibly remove a Government official The House of Representatives of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas) is the lower chamber of the Congress of the Philippines Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The articles of impeachment were then transmitted to the Senate and an impeachment court was formed, with Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. as presiding officer. The Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is the highest judicial officer of the government of the Hilario G Davide Jr is the current Ambassador - Permanent Representative of the Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the United

Major television networks pre-empted their afternoon schedules to bring full coverage of the Impeachment Trial. There were three sets of cameras in the Impeachment Court (normally the Senate Chamber): one from ABS-CBN, one from the GMA Network, and one from NBN (Then, it was PTV, or the People's Television Network. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation ( (ABS-CBN " A lto B roadcasting S ystem- C hronicle B roadcasting N etwork" Global Media Arts (GMA Network Incorporated ( a Philippine multi-media conglomerate is a Television network in the Philippines. National Broadcasting Network is television network owned by the Government of the Philippines through People's Television Network Inc (used as a pool camera).

During the trial, the prosecution (composed of congressmen and private prosecutors) presented witnesses and evidence to the impeachment court regarding Estrada's involvement in illegal gambling, also known as jueteng, and his maintenance of secret bank accounts. Jueteng (pronounced hwe-teng) is an illegal Numbers game played in the Philippines. However, the president's legal team (composed of a former chief justice, former congressman, former solicitor-general and other lawyers) denied these allegations.

Ilocos Sur Governor Chavit Singson was one of the witnesses who testified against President Estrada. Ilocos Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. The President and the governor of Ilocos Sur were said to be "partners" in-charge of the operations of illegal gambling in the country. Governor Singson feared that he would be charged and stripped of power (there have been talks about the governor making a deal with the opposition. . . he was to help incriminate Estrada and he would be compensated for his service), but he was offered immunity by anti-Estrada lawmakers. He was then asked to accuse the President of having committed several illegal acts. He gave personal accounts that may or may not have been biased. Singson's credibility has been questioned several times in the past, and he has been involved in various scandals that have not been resolved up to this day.

On December 11, 2007, Pulse Asia October 20-31 survey result showed Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as the most corrupt President topping the list with 42% of respondents nationwide. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Pulse Asia Inc is a Public opinion Polling body in the Philippines. Statistical surveys are used to collect quantitative information about items in a population Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Ferdinand Marcos was 2nd with 35% and Joseph Estrada was 3rd with 16%. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos ( September 11, 1917 &ndash September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 Fidel Ramos (5%) and Corazon Aquino (1%). Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. María Corazón Cojuangco-Aquino (born María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco on January 25, 1933) widely known as Cory Aquino, was the 11th The Arroyo administration was also the most corrupt(Metro Manilans with 56%). ^[4]

EDSA II Revolution

Main article: EDSA Revolution of 2001

On the evening of January 16, 2001, the impeachment court, whose majority were political allies of Estrada, voted not to open an envelope that was said to contain incriminating evidence against the president. The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also called by the local media as EDSA II (pronounced as EDSA Dos or EDSA 2 or the Second People Power Revolution, is the Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The final vote was 11-10, in favor of keeping the envelope closed. The prosecution panel (of congressmen and lawyers) walked out of the Impeachment Court in protest of this vote. Others noted that the walkout merited court contempt which Davide, intentionally or unintentionally, did not enforce. Contempt of court is a court ruling which in the context of a court trial or hearing deems an individual as having been disrespectful of the court its process and its invested

The afternoon schedule of television networks covering the Impeachment were pre-empted by the prolongation of the day's court session due to the issue of this envelope. The evening telenovelas of networks were pushed back for up to two hours.

That night, anti-Estrada protesters gathered on the historical EDSA highway at EDSA Shrine, not too far away from the site of the 1986 People Power Revolution that overthrew Ferdinand Marcos. Epifanio de los Santos Avenue ( EDSA) is the main circumferential road and Highway of Metro Manila in the Philippines. The Shrine of Mary Queen of Peace Our Lady of EDSA, or more popularly the EDSA Shrine is a small church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila located Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos ( September 11, 1917 &ndash September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 A political turmoil ensued and the clamor for Estrada's resignation became stronger than ever. In the following days, the number of protesters grew to the hundreds of thousands.

On January 19, 2001, the Armed Forces of the Philippines, seeing the political upheaval throughout the country, decided to withdraw its support from the president and transfer its allegiance to the vice president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP) ( Filipino: Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) is composed of the Philippine Army, Philippine Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician.

On January 20, 2001, the Supreme Court declared that the seat of presidency was vacant. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. At noon, the Chief Justice swore in the constitutional successor, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, as President of the Philippines. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. ^[5] Estrada and his family were quickly evacuated from the presidential palace.

On January 18, 2008, Joseph Estrada's Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) caused full-page advertisement in Metro Manila newspapers, blaming EDSA 2 of having "inflicted a dent on Philippine democracy". Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common For the party coalition see Puwersa ng Masa. The Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Filipino Masses) formerly Partido Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also called by the local media as EDSA II (pronounced as EDSA Dos or EDSA 2 or the Second People Power Revolution, is the Its featured clippings questioned the constitutionality of the revolution. The published featured clippings were taken from Time, New York Times, Straits Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, Asia Times Online, The Economist, and International Herald Tribune. For other uses see Time (disambiguation Time is a component of a measuring system used to sequence events to compare the durations of The Straits Times ( Chinese: 海峡时报 is an English language Broadsheet Newspaper based in Singapore, currently The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Asia Times Online (abbr "ATol" is an Internet -only news and commentary publication that reports and examines geopolitical, political The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper Supreme Court justice Cecilia Muñoz Palma opined that EDSA 2 violated the 1987 Constitution. The Constitution of the Philippines ( Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas in Filipino) is the supreme Law of the Philippines ^[6]

On March 13, 2008, Joseph Estrada named Lucio Tan, Jaime Cardinal Sin, Fidel Ramos, Luis Singson, and the Ayala (and Lopez clans who were both involved in water businesses) as co-conspirators of EDSA Revolution of 2001. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Lucio Tan (born July 17 Jaime Cardinal Sin, also Jaime Lachica Cardinal Sin ( August 31, 1928 &ndash June 21, 2005) ( Chinese name 辛海梅 Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. Background Family History The Singsons started to put down roots in Vigan in the 17th century The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also called by the local media as EDSA II (pronounced as EDSA Dos or EDSA 2 or the Second People Power Revolution, is the ^[7]

Post-presidency

Estrada returned to his old home in San Juan. For the capital city of Puerto Rico see San Juan Puerto Rico. He maintained that he never resigned, implying that Arroyo's government was illegitimate, despite the international community's recognition of Arroyo's succession and the acknowledgment of Arroyo as the new president by all government offices, the military, and the national police.

The new government charged him with plunder and had him arrested in April. Estrada's supporters, particularly those among the poor, marched to the EDSA Shrine demanding Estrada's release and his reinstatement as president, attempting to replicate the success of the previous revolution. The Shrine of Mary Queen of Peace Our Lady of EDSA, or more popularly the EDSA Shrine is a small church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila located On the morning of May 1, the protesters marched straight to the presidential palace. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Violence erupted and the government declared a State of Rebellion. In the Philippines, a state of rebellion is a government declaration that suspends a number of Civil rights for a short period of time Many of Estrada's supporters were arrested, including politicians accused of provoking the violence. The government called out the military and was able to quell the rebellion. The rebellion came to be known as EDSA III. EDSA III (pronounced EDSA Tres was a Protest sparked by the Arrest in April 2001 of newly deposed President Joseph Estrada of the Philippines

Estrada was initially detained at the Veteran's Memorial Medical Center in Manila and then transferred to a military facility in Tanay, Rizal, but he was later transferred to a nearby vacation home, virtually in house arrest. The City of Manila Tanay is a 1st class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila. He was still facing the charges of plunder and corruption. Under Philippine law, plunder has a maximum penalty of death, though it was unlikely that Estrada would be given that sentence.

On April 2, 2005, the United Opposition movement named Estrada "Chairman Emeritus". Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The unexpected death of Fernando Poe, Jr., after the election brought with it uncertainty as to the opposition's direction and leadership, yet with Estrada still facing charges and trial some had been left to speculate how much of an influence or support this declaration would create in the formation of an opposition front to the current Presidency, and her Lakas-CMD party. Ronald Allan Kelley Poe ( August 20, 1939 &ndash December 14, 2004) better known as Fernando Poe Jr

On September 5, 2007, Leonardo-de Castro, and Sandiganbayan Associate Justices Diosdado Peralta and Francisco Villaruz were assigned 2 extra bodyguards per initiative of the Sheriff, after getting threatening messages from an anonymous person. The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No A bodyguard (or "close protection officer" is a type of Security guard or government agent who protects a person—usually a famous wealthy or politically Renato Bocar, executive clerk of court confirmed the “new face" in De Castro’s office who has been “acting like a bodyguard. "^[8]

On September 7, 2007, the Sandiganbayan's Teresita De Castro announced that the graft court would promulgate the judgment on September 12, 2007 in the 6-year-old plunder trial (October 2001 to June 15, 2007) of ousted President Joseph Ejercito Estrada. The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No Promulgation or enactment is the act of formally proclaiming or declaring new statutory or Administrative law when it receives final approval Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis The verdict would also inclued his son, Sen. Jinggoy Estrada; and lawyer Eduardo Serapio. Jose Pimentel Ejercito (born on February 17, 1963) better known as Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada, is a former action star and the current senator Court Sheriff Ed Urieta said tight security would include 4,000 police and 2,000 soldiers, and military. Estrada was accused of stealing 4 billion pesos (US$81 million; €62 million) in illegal funds and falsely declaring his assets^[9].

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed Proclamation 1362 "Declaring Sept. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. 12, 2007 as a National Day of Prayer for Peace and Reconciliation of our Nation. " She lead the nation in praying for peace and reconciliation on the day the Sandiganbayan would announce the judgement of Joseph Estrada. The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No Within a year, Arroyo declared September 12 as National Day of Prayer, Reparation and Consecration for the Nation^[10].

On September 11, 2007, the Supreme Court of the Philippines allowed live television coverage of the promulgation on September 12, 2007 -- granting the petition to the Kapisanan ng Brodkaster ng Pilipinas. The Supreme Court of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas or Korte Suprema) is the country's highest judicial court as well The court, however, directed media to install a video camera in the Supreme Court public information personnel office^[11]. For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit

Trial

Main article: Trial of Joseph Estrada

Teresita de Castro heads the anti-graft court’s special division on the Erap plunder case. The trial Charges filed A few months after the January 2001 popular uprising that ousted Estrada the Philippine Ombudsman filed two charges at the Sandiganbayan Teresita Jose Leonardo-de Castro (born October 8, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court. Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis The Sandiganbayan, has 90 days or until mid-September 2007 to decide the case of former President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, but the decision could be issued much sooner than that. The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No Leonardo-de Castro was candidate for the vacant post of Supreme Court Associate Justice, duly nominated by the JBC for the vacancy due to retirement of Romeo Callejo, Sr. and will be a very strong candidate for the vacancy due to the forthcoming retirement of Cancio Garcia on October 20, 2007. Romeo J Callejo Sr (born April 28, 1937) is a retired Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Cancio C Garcia (born October 20, 1937) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. ^[12]

Decision

On September 12, 2007, the Sandiganbayan finally gave its decision, finding Estrada not guilty on his perjury case and guilty of plunder "beyond reasonable doubt. " He was sentenced to Reclusión perpetua. Reclusión perpetua ( Spanish, from reclusio perpetua, meaning "permanent imprisonment" is a particular kind of sentence of imprisonment in the ^[13]

Sandiganbayan's Presiding Justice Teresita De Castro and 2 other magistrates unanimously acquitted his son, Senator Jinggoy Estrada, and a lawyer Edward Serapio of plunder charges. The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. Teresita Jose Leonardo-de Castro (born October 8, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court. A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law. In Criminal law, an acquittal is a verdict of not guilty, or some similar end of the proceeding that terminates it with prejudice without a verdict Jose Pimentel Ejercito (born on February 17, 1963) better known as Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada, is a former action star and the current senator A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis The Fallo of the 262-page Decision declared the forfeiture in favor of the government: P542. Fallo is a Comune and Town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Asset forfeiture is a term used to describe the confiscation of Assets, by the State, which are either (a the proceeds of Crime or (b the instrumentalities For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. 701 million (bank accounts including interest), P189 million (Jose Velarde accounts including interest) and the Boracay mansion in New Manila, Quezon City. A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money Financial statements (or financial reports) are formal records of a business' financial Interest is a fee paid on borrowed capital Assets lent include Money, Shares, Consumer goods through Hire purchase, major assets Boracay is a tropical Island located approximately 315km (200 miles south of Manila and 2km off the northwest tip of the island of Panay in the Western A mansion is a large dwelling House. The word itself derives (through Old French) from the Latin word mansus (the perfect passive participle Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous ^[14][15]

Only the fallo or dispositive part of 2 judgments were read (resulting to only 15 minutes judicial proceedings). Fallo is a Comune and Town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy. In non-legal contexts a judgment is a balanced weighing up of evidence preparatory to making a decision In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State In academia proceedings are the collection of Academic papers that are published in the context of an Academic conference. ^[16]During the reading of the judgment, witnesses said Joseph Estrada cried; his wife, Luisa Ejercito Estrada, Jackie Ejercito Lopez, San Juan Mayor Joseph Victor "JV" Ejercito, (Estrada's son with Guia Gomez), other family members and mistresses (including, Laarni Enriquez) all wept during the promulgation by the clerk. A witness is someone who has firsthand knowledge about a Crime or dramatic event through their Senses (e A wife is a Female spouse or participant in a Marriage, or Civil union or Civil partnership. Luisa Pimentel-Ejercito (born Luisa Fernandez Pimentel on June 2, 1930 in Iba Zambales) better known as Luisa "Loi" Ejercito San Juan is Spanish for Saint John. It can also be the short version of San Juan Bautista ( John the Baptist) A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government A mistress is a man's long term female Sexual partner and companion who is not married to him especially used when the man is married to another woman Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the Eyes The word lacrimation may also be used in a medical or literary sense Promulgation or enactment is the act of formally proclaiming or declaring new statutory or Administrative law when it receives final approval Clerk, the vocational title commonly refers to a White-collar worker who conducts general office or in some instances sales tasks ^[17]

Estrada's lawyer Estelito Mendoza stated that Estrada will file a motion for reconsideration (before September 27) of the 262-page Judgment and then appeal the verdict to the High Tribunal. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again In non-legal contexts a judgment is a balanced weighing up of evidence preparatory to making a decision In Law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to an official decision In Law, a verdict is the formal finding of fact made by a Jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge The Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry said it will support a presidential pardon for Estrada. A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it Jinggoy Estrada said The people will receive this with moral outrage and disgust. Jose Pimentel Ejercito (born on February 17, 1963) better known as Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada, is a former action star and the current senator The time of reckoning will come. That time may not be too far now. ``This verdict is intended to legitimize the occupancy of an illegal tenant in Malacanang^[18][19]

Estrada, in Filipino Barong Tagalog (pineapple fibre dress shirt and cream trousers) with his trademark wristband stated that "I thought the role of justice would prevail here but really it's a kangaroo court. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP A Barong Tagalog (or simply Barong, from the word baro) is an embroidered formal garment of the Philippines. Pineapple ( Ananas comosus) is the common name for an edible Tropical Plant and also its Fruit It is native to the southern part of Brazil Fiber or fibre is a class of Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar to lengths of thread. A dress (also frock, gown) is a garment consisting of a Skirt with an attached Bodice or with a matching bodice giving the effect of a one-piece A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body Originally an item of underwear worn exclusively by men it has become in American English a catch-all term for Cream is the Colour of the cream produced by Cattle grazing on natural Pasture with plants rich in Yellow Carotenoid pigments Trousers are an item of Clothing worn on the lower part of the body from the waist to the ankles covering both legs separately (rather than with cloth stretching across A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual Wristbands are encircling strips worn on the Wrist, made of any of a variety of materials depending on the purpose " President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo stated that the court's decision must be accepted: "We hope and pray that the rule of law will prevail. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. " Estrada's counsel Rene A. A counsel or a counsellor gives advice more particularly in legal matters V. Saguisag issued the statement:"VICTORS' JUSTICE" - "It's victors' justice. It's ruling class justice. The special division (of the court) was programmed to convict. We never had a chance. " Estrada will appeal the verdict and would be under automatic review at the Supreme Court of the Philippines. In Law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to an official decision In Law, a verdict is the formal finding of fact made by a Jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge See also Critic. A review is an evaluation of a publication such as a movie, Video game, Musical composition The Supreme Court of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas or Korte Suprema) is the country's highest judicial court as well ^[20]

Estrada told Agence France-Presse that he was resigned for the latest drama in his presidency: "last and best performance of my life. Agence France-Presse ( AFP) is the oldest News agency in the world and one of the three largest with Associated Press and Reuters. Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance. The word presidency is often used to describe the administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office " The prosecution's lead counsel Dennis Villa-Ignacio proudly asserted: "It shows that our judicial system really works. The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the Common law Adversarial system, or the civil law This is the last chance for the state to show that we can do it, that we can charge, prosecute and convict a public official regardless of his stature. "^[21]

Joseph Estrada rose from obscurity to having been top Filipino film star, then hit the mark, by claiming the Presidency until destiny sent him to jail. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. The word presidency is often used to describe the administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office Destiny refers to a predetermined course of events It may be conceived as a predetermined future whether in general or of an individual Jail, or gaol (especially in Canada, Australia and NZ[http //www He stated to Agence France-Presse "I feel depressed, but it's my style not to show it. Agence France-Presse ( AFP) is the oldest News agency in the world and one of the three largest with Associated Press and Reuters. " Before the release of the fatalistic judgment, he warned that he prevent his fans from making street protests. In non-legal contexts a judgment is a balanced weighing up of evidence preparatory to making a decision Protest expresses relatively overt reaction to events or situations sometimes in favor though more often opposed ^[22]

Estrada returned to his villa in Tanay, Rizal (driven on from a golf cart, to the helicopter)^[23] The court permitted him to return to his villa, "until further orders". A villa was originally an Upper-class Country house, though since its origins in Roman times the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably Tanay is a 1st class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila. A golf cart or golf buggy (officially referred to as a golf car according to ANSI standard z130 History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. A villa was originally an Upper-class Country house, though since its origins in Roman times the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably ^[24]

Appeal

On September 26, 2007, Joseph Estrada appealed by filing a 63-page motion for reconsideration of the Sandiganbayan judgment penned by Teresita de Castro (submitting 5 legal grounds). Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In Law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to an official decision The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No In non-legal contexts a judgment is a balanced weighing up of evidence preparatory to making a decision Teresita Jose Leonardo-de Castro (born October 8, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society ^[25][26]Estrada alleged that the court erred "when it convicted him by acquitting his alleged co-conspirators. "^[27]

On October 5, 2007, the Sandiganbayan's Special Division ruled to have set for October 19, oral argument (instead of a defense reply) on Joseph Estrada’s motion for reconsideration. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Oral arguments are spoken presentations to a Judge or Appellate court by a Lawyer (or parties when representing themselves of the legal reasons Estrada asked court permission to attend the hearing, since it ordered the prosecution to file comment before October 11. ^[28]

Pardon and Release from Detention

On October 22, 2007, Acting Justice Secretary Agnes Devanadera stated that Joseph Estrada is seeking a “full, free, and unconditional pardon” from President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. Estrada's lawyer Jose Flaminiano wrote Arroyo: "The time has come to end President Estrada's fight for justice and vindication before the courts. Today [Monday], we filed a withdrawal of his Motion for Reconsideration. " Estrada, 70, stressed the "delicate condition" of his mother in asking for pardon. ^[29]

On October 25, 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo granted executive clemency to Joseph Estrada based on the recommendation by the Department of Justice (DoJ). Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it Acting Executive Secretary and Press Secretary Ignacio R. Bunye quoted the signed Order: "In view hereof in pursuant of the authority conferred upon me by the Constitution, I hereby grant Executive clemency to Joseph Ejercito Estrada, convicted by the Sandiganbayan of plunder and imposed a penalty of reclusion perpetua. He is hereby restored to his civil and political rights. " Bunye noted that Estrada committed in his application not to seek public office, and he would be free from his Tanay resthouse on October 26, noon. ^[30][31][32]On October 26, 2007, after almost 7 years of detention, Joseph Estrada was finally released after the Sandiganbayan promulgated the historical Resolution. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No ^[33]

Aftermath

On September 14, 2007, Chief presidential legal counsel Sergio Antonio Apostol officially stated that Sandiganbayan Justices Teresita de Castro, Diosdado Peralta and Francisco Villaruz Jr. An attorney at law (or attorney-at-law) in the United States is a practitioner in a court of law who is legally qualified to prosecute The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. Teresita Jose Leonardo-de Castro (born October 8, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court. should decline Judicial and Bar Council nomination and await other vacancies to ease pressure on President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo: Para hindi na maipit ang Presidente (In order to spare the President from pressure), they should withdraw their nomination. Nomination is part of the process of selecting a Candidate for either Election to an Office, or the bestowing of an honor or Award. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. Parang iyong nangyari kay Justice (Gregory) Ong (Remember what happened in Justice Gregory S. Ong’s case) . Gregory Santos Ong (born May 25, 1953) is a Filipino jurist and an incumbent Justice of the Sandiganbayan. . . It’s a sacrifice on her part. . Hindi niya maiwanan (ang posisyon) (She cannot leave the Sandiganbayan) because of the case of Joseph Estrada - Erap (Estrada’s nickname). " ^[34]

In the aftermath of the verdict, De Castro, Villaruz and Peralta are now at the receiving end of two unsolicited advices from key officials. In Law, a verdict is the formal finding of fact made by a Jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge Senate of the Philippines Majority Leader Francis Pangilinan, ex-officio member, Judicial and Bar Council stated that the three Sandiganbayan justices "should have the delicadeza not to accept a promotion to the highest tribunal to dispel any suspicion that they pronounced Mr. The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino: Senádo ng Pilipínas) is the upper chamber of the bicameral Legislature of the Philippines, the Francis Nepomuceno Pangilinan (born August 24, 1963) also known as Kiko Pangilinan, is a politician in the Philippines. C D E The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. Estrada guilty expecting a reward from Palace . . . We do not want to see a cloud of suspicion over the appointees to the Supreme Court. They should always be above suspicion. ”^[35]

On November 5, 2007, Senator Jinggoy Estrada, in a privileged speech vowed to block the appointment to the Supreme Court of Sandiganbayan Justices Teresita De Castro and Edilberto Sandoval (who convicted his father - President Joseph Estrada). Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Jose Pimentel Ejercito (born on February 17, 1963) better known as Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada, is a former action star and the current senator Teresita Jose Leonardo-de Castro (born October 8, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court. Jinggoy said that: "Such a promotion would seem like a reward in exchange for the guilty verdict against the deposed President. We are convinced, then and now, that the special court created to exclusively try the case of President Estrada was established precisely to convict him, which is what exactly happened. "^[36]Also, Joseph Estrada opposed court seizure of his assets, stating that: "These properties are mine. I acquired them way back when I was still a movie actor. "^[37] Eventually, De Castro made it as the latest Arroyo appointee to the High Court.

On January 10, 2008, Edgardo Urieta, Sandiganbayan chief of the Sheriff and Security Services Office released the 2 page report (based on 13-page Banco de Oro to the Sandiganbayan Special Division) which discovered intact due to the 2001 levy by BIR distraint - P 1. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Sandiganbayan is a special Court in the Philippines which was established under Presidential Decree No Banco de Oro Unibank Inc ( also known as Banco de Oro and BDO, is a major Bank in the Philippines. 107 billion ($1 = P 41) account of Joseph Estrada: P500 million - 'promissory note and chattel mortgage'; 450 million shares of Waterfront Philippines valued at P 427. 5 million; and 300 million shares of Wellex Industries worth P 84 million; cash deposits in a common trust fund investment account of P 95. 76 million. ^[38]

Filmography

External links

• GMA NEWS.TV, A one-stop, multimedia microsite: The Estrada plunder trial verdict
• GMA NEWS.TV, Estrada Plunder Trial
• TOC Plaintiff's Memorandum
• Plaintiff's Memorandum
• NOTES ON PLUNDER CLOSING STATMENTS
• GMA Video, Court Session on Joseph Estrada's verdict
• GMA Video, Sandigan finds Erap guilty of plunder
• GMA Video, Interview with Estrada after conviction
• GMA Video, Estradas overcome with sadness, after verdict
• Abs-Cbn News, Estrada Pardon Photos
• [http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/images/news/microsites/erap_pardon/timeline.html Abs-Cbn News, Timeline of killing prison
• erap.ph, Website of Joseph Estrada
• Joseph Estrada at the Internet Movie Database

References