John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was a diplomat, politician, and the sixth President of the United States (March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829). The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during James Monroe (April 28 1758 – July 4 1831 was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825 Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Massachusetts Congressional District 11 is an obsolete congressional district in eastern Massachusetts. Massachusetts's twelfth congressional district is an obsolete district Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=R000226 Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=H000674 Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=C000046 John Reed Jr ( September 2, 1781 – November 25, 1860) was a Representative from Massachusetts. This article is about an early leader in education for the private school located in New York City see Horace Mann School. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common James Monroe (April 28 1758 – July 4 1831 was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825 James Monroe (April 28 1758 – July 4 1831 was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825 Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who The office of United States Ambassador (or Minister to the United Kingdom (known formally as Ambassador to the Court of St James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding Jonathan Russell ( February 27, 1771 – February 17, 1832 was a United States Representative from Massachusetts and diplomat In diplomacy chargé d’affaires ( French for “charged with (in charge of matters” is the title of two classes of diplomatic agents who head a diplomatic Richard Russell can refer to several people Richard Russell Sr Since 1780 the United States has maintained diplomatic relations with Russia. James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding William Short (1759–1849 had been Thomas Jefferson 's Private Secretary when he was ambassador in Paris, 1786–1789 James Bayard may refer to James A Bayard (elder (1767-1815 US The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Jonathan Mason may refer to Jonathan Mason (politician, an American politician Jonathan Mason (actor, an English actor James Lloyd may refer to James Lloyd (actor, English television actor James Tilghman Lloyd (Missouri U The United States has had continuous diplomatic relations with the nation of Germany and its predecessor nation the Kingdom of Prussia, since 1835 John Adams (October 30 1735 July 4 1826 was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. Henry Wheaton ( November 27, 1785 - March 11, 1848) American Lawyer and Diplomat, was born at Providence The United States Mission to The Netherlands consists of the Embassy located in The Hague and a consular office located in Amsterdam George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the William Short (1759–1849 had been Thomas Jefferson 's Private Secretary when he was ambassador in Paris, 1786–1789 William Vans Murray ( February 9, 1760 &ndash December 11, 1803) was an American lawyer politician and statesman from Cambridge Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a For geographic and demographic information on the Census-designated place Braintree please see the article Braintree (CDP, Massachusetts. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s For the party of Abraham Lincoln to George W Bush see Republican Party (United States (G The Anti-Masonic Party (also known as the Anti-Masonic Movement) was a 19th century minor Political party in the United States. The Whig Party was a Political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams, born Louisa Catherine Johnson ( February 12 1775 &ndash May 15 1852) wife of John Quincy Adams Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest University in The Netherlands. Unitarianism as a theology is the belief in the single personality of God in contrast to the doctrine of the Trinity (three persons in one God Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The foreign policy of the United States is highly influential on the world stage as it is a Superpower. Politics of the United States takes place in the framework of a presidential, Federal republic where the President of the United States (the Head of The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display His party affiliations were Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig. The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s For the party of Abraham Lincoln to George W Bush see Republican Party (United States (G The Anti-Masonic Party (also known as the Anti-Masonic Movement) was a 19th century minor Political party in the United States. The Whig Party was a Political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. John Quincy Adams was the son of the second United States President John Adams and Abigail Adams. John Adams (October 30 1735 July 4 1826 was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. Abigail Adams (née Smith (November 11 1744 &ndash October 28 1818 was the wife of John Adams, the second President of the United States, and mother of John He is most famous as a diplomat involved in many international negotiations, and for formulating the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine is a US doctrine which on December 2 1823 stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with As president he proposed a grand program of modernization and educational advancement, but was unable to get it through Congress. Late in life, as a Congressman, he was a leading opponent of the Slave Power, arguing that if a civil war ever broke out the president could abolish slavery by using his war powers, a policy followed by Abraham Lincoln in the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. The Slave Power (sometimes referred to as the " Slaveocracy " was a term used in the Northern United States (primarily in the period 1840-1875 to characterize As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Article I Section 8 Clause 11 of the United States Constitution, sometimes referred to as the War Powers Clause, vests in the Congress the exclusive power Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.
To date he is, with Andrew Johnson, one of only two Presidents to subsequently serve in Congress. Andrew Johnson (December 29 1808 – July 31 1875 was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865-69 succeeding to the Presidency upon the assassination The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses
Contents |
Early life
Adams was born in a section of the town of Braintree that is now Quincy, Massachusetts. Quincy is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The John Quincy Adams birthplace, now part of Adams National Historical Park, is open to the public, as is the nearby Abigail Adams Cairn that marks the site from which Adams witnessed the Battle of Bunker Hill as a six-year-old boy. Adams National Historical Park in Quincy Massachusetts, preserves the home of The Abigail Adams Cairn marks the spot where Abigail Adams and her young son John Quincy Adams, watched the burning of Charlestown on Saturday June The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775 on Breed's Hill, as part of the Siege of Boston during the American Revolutionary He first learned of the Declaration of Independence from the letters his father wrote his mother from Philadelphia. Much of Adams' youth was spent overseas accompanying his father, who served as an American envoy to France from 1778 until 1779 and to the Netherlands from 1780 until 1782. Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands During this period, he acquired his early education at institutions such as the University of Leiden. Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest University in The Netherlands. For nearly three years, at the age of only 14, he accompanied Francis Dana, as a secretary on a mission to St. Petersburg, Russia, to gain recognition of the new republic. Francis Dana (1743&ndash1811 was an American lawyer jurist and statesman from Massachusetts. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River He also spent time in Finland, Sweden, Denmark and in 1804 published a travel report of Germany's Silesia. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people [1]
During these years overseas, Adams gained a mastery of French and Dutch and a familiarity with German and other European languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. After returning to America, he had become far more educated and well-travelled than most of his countrymen even twice his age. He entered Harvard College and graduated in 1788. Harvard College is the undergraduate section and oldest school of Harvard University, a Private university in the United States founded in 1636 by the Massachusetts He apprenticed as a lawyer with Theophilus Parsons in Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1787-1789. Theophilus Parsons (b February 13 1749, Newbury Massachusetts - d Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 38 miles (61 km northeast of Boston. He was then admitted to the bar in 1791 and began practicing law in Boston.
Early political career
George Washington appointed Adams as minister to the Netherlands from 1794 until 1796 and to Portugal in 1796. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the With George Washington's urging, his father appointed him minister to Prussia from 1797 until 1801. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state While serving abroad, he married Louisa Catherine Johnson, the daughter of an American merchant, in a ceremony at the church of All Hallows-by-the-Tower, London. Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams, born Louisa Catherine Johnson ( February 12 1775 &ndash May 15 1852) wife of John Quincy Adams All Hallows-by-the-Tower, also previously dedicated to St Mary the Virgin, is an ancient Anglican church located in Byward Street in the City
Adams afterwards returned to Massachusetts where he lived in the Old House (now a museum). Peacefield also called Old House, is a Historic home formerly owned by second President of the United States, John Adams, and other members He began his political career in 1802 when he was elected to the Massachusetts Senate. Adams was an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for election to the U.S. House of Representatives in the same year. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. He was elected as a Federalist to the U.S. Senate, serving from March 4, 1803, until June 8, 1808, when he broke with the Federalists, resigned from his Senate seat in June 1808, and became a Republican. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Adams served as minister to Russia from 1809 until 1814, chief negotiator of the U. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending S. commission for the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, and minister to the Court of St. James's (United Kingdom) from 1815 until 1817. The Treaty of Ghent ( signed on December 24 1814, in Ghent, currently in Belgium, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 The Court of St James's is the name of the Royal court of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Secretary of State
Adams served as Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President James Monroe from 1817 until 1825, a tenure during which he was instrumental in the acquisition of Florida. Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams, born Louisa Catherine Johnson ( February 12 1775 &ndash May 15 1852) wife of John Quincy Adams The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs James Monroe (April 28 1758 – July 4 1831 was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825 Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Typically, his views were concurrent with those espoused by Monroe. As secretary of state, he negotiated the Adams-Onís Treaty and wrote the Monroe Doctrine, which cautioned European nations against meddling in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. The Monroe Doctrine is a US doctrine which on December 2 1823 stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies West
Election of 1824
Adams ran against four other candidates in the Presidential election of 1824. In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9 1825 after the election was decided by the House In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9 1825 after the election was decided by the House His opponents included Speaker of the House Henry Clay, Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford, Tennessee Senator Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer&mdashor speaker &mdashof the United States House of Representatives. Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and until William Harris Crawford ( February 24, 1772 &ndash September 15, 1834) was an important American politician Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during After Crawford suffered a stroke there was no clear favorite. After the elections no one had a majority of either the electoral votes or the popular votes, although Andrew Jackson was the winner of a plurality of both. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 The decision went to the House of Representatives. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The candidate with the lowest votes, Henry Clay, was dropped from consideration, and Clay gave his support to Adams. Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who Adams won on the first ballot and was named president. Adams then named Clay Secretary of State to the angry complaints of Andrew Jackson, who alleged a corrupt bargain and vowed to run again in 1828. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Three deals cut in connection with the presidency of the United States - two in contested United States presidential elections and a presidential appointment of a vice president -
Presidency 1825–1829
Adams served as the sixth President of the United States from March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1829. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display John Quincy Adams took the Oath of Office on a book of laws, instead of the more traditional Bible. [2]
Domestic policies
During his term, he worked on developing the American System, consisting of a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building, and a national bank to encourage productive enterprise and form a national currency. The American System was a Mercantilist economic plan based on the " American School " ideas of Alexander Hamilton, expanded upon later by Friedrich In his first annual message to Congress, Adams presented an ambitious program for modernization that included roads, canals, a national university, an astronomical observatory, and other initiatives. The support for his proposals was limited, even from his own supporters. His critics accused him of unseemly arrogance because of his narrow victory. Most of his initiatives were opposed in Congress by Jackson's supporters, who remained outraged over the 1824 election. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837
Nevertheless, some of his proposals were adopted, specifically the extension of the Cumberland Road into Ohio with surveys for its continuation west to St. Louis; the beginning of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, the construction of the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal and the Portland to Louisville Canal around the falls of the Ohio; the connection of the Great Lakes to the Ohio River system in Ohio and Indiana; and the enlargement and rebuilding of the Dismal Swamp Canal in North Carolina. US 40svg|right|100px|thumb|The National Road is now included as part of U Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, abbreviated as the C&O Canal, and occasionally referred to as the " Grand Old Ditch," operated from 1836 until 1924 parallel The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal ( C&D Canal) is a 14-mile (23-km long 450-foot (137-m wide and 35-foot (11-m deep ship Canal that cuts across the states of The Louisville and Portland Canal was a canal bypassing the Falls of the Ohio in the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States, The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Dismal Swamp Canal is located along the eastern edge of the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and North Carolina in the United States. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States
One of the issues which divided the administration was protective tariffs. Henry Clay was a supporter, but Adams's Vice President John C. Calhoun was an opponent. Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during The position of Adams was unknown, because his constituency was divided. After Adams lost the control of Congress in 1827, the situation became more complicated. He also signed into law the highly unpopular Tariff of 1828 (also known as the Tariff of Abominations), thereby compromising his chances of getting anything else done during his presidency. The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, enacted on May 19 1828 (ch
He and Clay set up a new party, the National Republican Party, but it never took root in the states. For the party of Abraham Lincoln to George W Bush see Republican Party (United States (G In the elections of 1827 Adams and his supporters lost the control of Congress. New York Senator Martin Van Buren, a future president and follower of Jackson, became one of the leaders of the senate. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Martin Van Buren (December 5 1782 July 24 1862 was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841
Much of Adams' political difficulties were due to his refusal, on principle, to replace members of his administration who supported Jackson (on the grounds that no one should be removed from office except for incompetence). For example, his Postmaster General, John McLean, continued in office through the Adams administration, despite the fact that he was using his powers of patronage to curry favor with Jacksonites. The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. John McLean (March 11 1785 &ndash April 4 1861 was an American Jurist and politician who served in the United States Congress, as U
Another blow to Adams' presidency was his generous policy toward Native Americans. Westerners, who were constantly seeking to move westward, cried for a more expansionist policy. When the federal government tried to assert authority on behalf of the Cherokees, the Georgian governor took up arms, another sign of nullification that foreshadowed the secession of the Southern states during the Civil War.
Adams defended his domestic agenda as simply continuing Monroe's policies. However, Adams did not address public works spending like Monroe did, and had a rationale for government intervention. What was most striking was that Adams addressed congress and asked them to ignore objections to parts of his program that provoked the most opposition of the constitution.
Foreign policies
Adams is regarded as one of the greatest diplomats in American history and during his tenure as Secretary of State he was one of the designers of the Monroe Doctrine. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs The Monroe Doctrine is a US doctrine which on December 2 1823 stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with But during his term as president, Adams achieved little of consequence in foreign affairs. A reason for this was the opposition he faced in Congress, where his rivals prevented him from succeeding.
Among the few diplomatic achievements of his administration were treaties of reciprocity with a number of nations, including Denmark, Mexico, the Hanseatic League, the Scandinavian countries, Prussia and Austria. In International relations and treaties, the principle of reciprocity states that favours benefits or penalties that are granted by one state to the The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich However, thanks to the successes of Adams' diplomacy during his previous eight years as Secretary of State, most of the foreign policy issues he would have faced had been resolved by the time he became President.
Administration and Cabinet
| The Adams Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|
| OFFICE | NAME | TERM |
| President | John Quincy Adams | 1825 – 1829 |
| Vice President | John C. Calhoun | 1825 – 1829 |
| Secretary of State | Henry Clay | 1825 – 1829 |
| Secretary of Treasury | Richard Rush | 1825 – 1829 |
| Secretary of War | James Barbour | 1825 – 1828 |
| Peter B. Porter | 1828 – 1829 | |
| Attorney General | William Wirt | 1825 – 1829 |
| Secretary of the Navy | Samuel L. Southard | 1825 – 1829 |
Supreme Court appointments
- Robert Trimble – 1826
States admitted to the Union
None
Departure from Office
John Quincy Adams left office on March 4, 1829 after losing the election of 1828 to Andrew Jackson. Robert Trimble ( November 17, 1776 &ndash August 25, 1828) was an attorney and a justice of the United States Supreme Court. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Adams did not attend the inauguration of his successor, Andrew Jackson, who had openly snubbed him by refusingto pay the traditional "courtesy call" to the outgoing President during the weeks before his own inauguration. He was one of only three Presidents who chose not to attend their respective successor's inauguration, the others were his father and Andrew Johnson. John Adams (October 30 1735 July 4 1826 was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. Andrew Johnson (December 29 1808 – July 31 1875 was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865-69 succeeding to the Presidency upon the assassination
Election of 1828
After the inauguration of Adams in 1825,[3][4] Jackson resigned from his senate seat. The United States presidential election of 1828 featured a rematch between incumbent President John Quincy Adams and chief rival Andrew Jackson. For four years he worked hard, with help from his supporters in Congress, to defeat Adams in the Presidential election of 1828. The United States presidential election of 1828 featured a rematch between incumbent President John Quincy Adams and chief rival Andrew Jackson. The campaign was very much a personal one. Although neither candidate personally campaigned, their political followers organized many campaign events. Both candidates were rhetorically attacked in the press. This reached a low point when Jackson's wife, Rachel, was accused of bigamy. Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson, born Rachel Donelson ( June 15 1767 &ndash December 22, 1828) wife to the 7th President of the She died a few weeks after the elections. Jackson said he would forgive those who insulted him, but he would never forgive the ones who attacked his wife.
In the end, Adams lost the elections in a landslide. He won exactly the same states that his father had won in the election of 1800: the New England states, New Jersey, and Delaware. In the United States Presidential election of 1800, sometimes referred to as the “Revolution of 1800” Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams Jackson won everything else except for New York, which gave 16 of its electoral votes to Adams, and Maryland, which cast 6 of its votes for Adams.
Congressman
Rather than retire, he went on to win election as a National Republican and Whig to the House of Representatives, serving for seventeen years, from 1831 until his death. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. In Congress, he was chairman of the Committee on Manufactures (for the 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 28th and 29th), the Committee on Indian Affairs (for the 27th Congress) and the Committee on Foreign Affairs (also for the 27th Congress). The Twenty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Twenty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Twenty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Twenty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Twenty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Twenty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Twenty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and The Twenty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and He became an important antislavery voice in the Congress. During the years 1836-37 Adams presented many petitions for the abolition of slavery and the slave trade in the District of Columbia and elsewhere to Congress. The Gag rule prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but he frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. A gag rule is a rule that limits or forbids the raising consideration or discussion of a particular topic by members of a legislative or decision-making body
In 1834 he unsuccessfully ran as the Antimasonic candidate[5] for Governor of Massachusetts, losing to John Davis. The Anti-Masonic Party (also known as the Anti-Masonic Movement) was a 19th century minor Political party in the United States. The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. John Davis ( January 13, 1787 – April 19, 1854) was an American Lawyer, Businessman and Politician In 1841, Adams represented the Amistad Africans in the Supreme Court of the United States and successfully argued that the Africans, who had seized control of a Spanish ship where they were being held as illegal slaves (as the international slave trade had been abolished, although slavery itself had not), should not be taken to Cuba but should be considered free and have the option to remain within the U. The Amistad, 40 US (15 Pet 518 (1841 was a United States Supreme Court case resulting from the rebellion of slaves on board the Spanish The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la S. or return home as free people.
Death
While preparing to address the House of Representatives on February 21, 1848, Adams collapsed, having suffered a cerebral hemorrhage. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap A cerebral hemorrhage (or intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH) is a subtype of Intracranial hemorrhage that occurs within the Brain tissue itself Two days later, on February 23, he died with his wife and children at his side in the Speaker's Room inside the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. His last words were reported to have been, "This is the last of Earth. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D I am content. " His interment was in the family burial ground at Quincy, and he was subsequently reinterred after his wife's death in a family crypt in the United First Parish Church across the street. United First Parish Church in Quincy Massachusetts, is a Unitarian Universalist congregation established as the Parish church of Quincy in 1639 His tomb can be viewed today and his parents are also interred there.
Family
John Quincy Adams and Louisa Catherine (Johnson) Adams had three sons and a daughter, Louisa, who was born in 1811, died of an illness in 1812 while the family was in Russia. Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams, born Louisa Catherine Johnson ( February 12 1775 &ndash May 15 1852) wife of John Quincy Adams They named their first son after George Washington (George Washington Adams), making Adams the only U. See also Adams political family George Washington Adams ( April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829) was the eldest son of John S. President to name a son after another.
Both George and their second son, John (1803-1834), led troubled lives and died in early adulthood. [6]
Adams's youngest son, Charles Francis Adams (who named his own son John Quincy), also pursued a career in diplomacy and politics. Charles Francis Adams Sr ( August 18, 1807 &ndash November 21, 1886) the son of President John Quincy Adams and Louisa In 1870 Charles Francis built the first memorial presidential library in the United States, to honor his father John Quincy Adams. In the United States, the Presidential library system is a nationwide network of libraries administered by the Office of Presidential Libraries which is part of the National The Stone Library includes over 14,000 books written in twelve languages. The library is located in the "Old House" at Adams National Historical Park in Quincy, Massachusetts. Adams National Historical Park in Quincy Massachusetts, preserves the home of Quincy is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States.
The actress Mary Kay Adams is a descendant of John Quincy Adams. Mary Kay Adams (b September 12, 1962) is an American actress best known for her roles in television on the Soap opera
John Adams and John Quincy Adams were the first father and son to both serve as president. Each man served one term.
See also
- Adams political family
- Adams-Onís Treaty
- Mount Quincy Adams
- Treaty of Ghent
- Mendi Bible
- U.S. presidential election, 1820
- U.S. presidential election, 1824
- U.S. presidential election, 1828
- List of United States political appointments that crossed party lines
Notes
- ^ John Quincy Adams: Letters on Silesia: Written During a Tour Through that Country in the Years 1800,1801 [1]
- ^ Presidential Inaugurations Past and Present: A Look at the History Behind the Pomp and Circumstance
- ^ [2]
- ^ <a href="/ammem/amlaw/lwhj.html">House Journal</a> -WEDNESDAY, February 9, 1825
- ^ Richards, Leonard L. The Adams family was a prominent Political family in the United States during the late Eighteenth century through early Twentieth century The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. The Treaty of Ghent ( signed on December 24 1814, in Ghent, currently in Belgium, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 The Mendi Bible is a Bible presented to John Quincy Adams in 1841 by a group of freed African slaves who had mutinied on the schooner La Amistad The United States presidential election of 1820 was the third and last presidential election in United States history in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9 1825 after the election was decided by the House The United States presidential election of 1828 featured a rematch between incumbent President John Quincy Adams and chief rival Andrew Jackson. This is an incomplete list of Political appointees in the United States Government whose party was different from that of the President who made the appointment. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people (1986). The Life and Times of Congressman John Quincy Adams. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press, 48. ISBN 0-19-504026-0.
- ^ Brief Biographies of Jackson Era Characters (A)
References
- Allgor, Catherine. "'A Republican in a Monarchy': Louisa Catherine Adams in Russia. " Diplomatic History 1997 21(1): 15-43. ISSN 0145-2096 Fulltext in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco. Louisa Adams was with JQA in St. Petersburg almost the entire time. While not officially a diplomat, Louisa Adams did serve an invaluable role as wife-of-diplomat, becoming a favorite of the tsar and making up for her husband's utter lack of charm. She was an indispensable part of the American mission.
- Bemis, Samuel Flagg. John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy. vol 1 (1949), John Quincy Adams and the Union (1956), vol 2. Pulitzer prize biography.
- Crofts, Daniel W. "Congressmen, Heroic and Otherwise" Reviews in American History 1997 25(2): 243-247. ISSN 0048-7511 Fulltext in Project Muse. Adams role in antislavery petitions debate 1835-44.
- Holt, Michael F. The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War. 1999.
- Lewis, James E. , Jr. John Quincy Adams: Policymaker for the Union. Scholarly Resources, 2001. 164 pp.
- Mattie, Sean. "John Quincy Adams and American Conservatism. " Modern Age 2003 45(4): 305-314. ISSN 0026-7457 Fulltext online at Ebsco
- McMillan, Richard. "Election of 1824: Corrupt Bargain or the Birth of Modern Politics?" New England Journal of History 2001-02 58(2): 24-37.
- Miller, Chandra. "'Title Page to a Great Tragic Volume': the Impact of the Missouri Crisis on Slavery, Race, and Republicanism in the Thought of John C. Calhoun and John Quincy Adams. " Missouri Historical Review 2000 94(4): 365-388. ISSN 0026-6582 Shows that both men considered splitting the country as a solution.
- Nagel, Paul C. John Quincy Adams: A Public Life, a Private Life (1999)
- Parsons, Lynn Hudson. "In Which the Political Becomes Personal, and Vice Versa: the Last Ten Years of John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson" Journal of the Early Republic 2003 23(3): 421-443. ISSN 0275-1275
- Portolano, Marlana. "John Quincy Adams's Rhetorical Crusade for Astronomy. " Isis 2000 91(3): 480-503. ISSN 0021-1753 Fulltext online at Jstor and Ebsco. He tried and failed to create a national observatory.
- Potkay, Adam S. "Theorizing Civic Eloquence in the Early Republic: the Road from David Hume to John Quincy Adams. " Early American Literature 1999 34(2): 147-170. ISSN 0012-8163 Fulltext online at Swetswise and Ebsco. Adams adapted classical republican ideals of public oratory to America, viewing the multilevel political structure as ripe for "the renaissance of Demosthenic eloquence. " Adams's Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory (1810) looks at the fate of ancient oratory, the necessity of liberty for it to flourish, and its importance as a unifying element for a new nation of diverse cultures and beliefs. Just as civic eloquence failed to gain popularity in Britain, in the United States interest faded in the second decade of the 18th century as the "public spheres of heated oratory" disappeared in favor of the private sphere.
- Rathbun, Lyon. "The Ciceronian Rhetoric of John Quincy Adams. " Rhetorica 2000 18(2): 175-215. ISSN 0734-8584. Shows how the classical tradition in general, and Ciceronian rhetoric in particular, influenced his political career and his response to public issues. Adams remained inspired by classical rhetorical ideals long after the neo-classicalism and deferential politics of the founding generation had been eclipsed by the commercial ethos and mass democracy of the Jacksonian Era. Many of Adams's idiosyncratic positions were rooted in his abiding devotion to the Ciceronian ideal of the citizen-orator "speaking well" to promote the welfare of the polis.
- Remini, Robert V. John Quincy Adams (2002) short
- Wood, Gary V. Heir to the Fathers: John Quincy Adams and the Spirit of Constitutional Government Lexington, 2004. 249 pp.
- Brinkley, Alan, Dyer, Davis "The American Presidency" Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004.
Primary sources
- Butterfield, L. H. et al. , eds. , The Adams Papers (1961- ). Multivolume letterpress edition of all letters to and from major members of the Adams family, plus their diaries; still incomplete. [3]
External links
- Extensive essay on John Quincy Adams and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs
- Official NPS website: Adams National Historical Park
- White House Biography
- John Quincy Adams Biography and Fact File
- Biography of John Quincy Adams
- Biography of John Quincy Adams by Appleton's and Stanley L. Klos
- Inaugural Address
- State of the Union Addresses: 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828
- July 4, 1821 Independence Day Speech
- Works by John Quincy Adams at Project Gutenberg
- John Quincy Adams at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Medical and Health history of John Quincy Adams
- Armigerous American Presidents Series
- The Jubilee of the Constitution: A Discourse
- Dermot MacMorrogh,: or, The conquest of Ireland. An historical tale of the twelfth century. In four cantos./ By John Quincy Adams
- Poems of religion and society.: With notices of his life and character by John Davis and T. H. Benton
- Encyclopedia Britannica: Adams, John Quincy
- Collection of John Quincy Adams Letters
- Nagel, Paul. Descent from Glory: Four Generations of the John Adams Family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.
- Adams, John Quincy. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a Biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress as Life in a New England Town, 1787, 1788: Diary of John Quincy Adams. Published in 1903. Diary of J. Q. Adams while he apprenticed as a lawyer in Newburyport, Massachusetts under Theophilus Parsons. Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 38 miles (61 km northeast of Boston. Theophilus Parsons (b February 13 1749, Newbury Massachusetts - d
| Diplomatic posts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by William Short | United States Minister to the Netherlands 1794 – 1797 | Succeeded by William Vans Murray |
| New title | United States Minister to Prussia 1797 – 1801 | Succeeded by Henry Wheaton¹ |
| Preceded by William Short | United States Minister to Russia 1809 – 1814 | Succeeded by James A. Bayard |
| Preceded by Jonathan Russell as Chargé d'affaires | United States Minister to the United Kingdom 1815 – 1817 | Succeeded by Richard Rush |
| United States Senate | ||
| Preceded by Jonathan Mason | Senator from Massachusetts (Class 1) 1803 – 1808 Served alongside: Timothy Pickering | Succeeded by James Lloyd |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by James Monroe | United States Secretary of State March 5, 1817 – March 4, 1825 | Succeeded by Henry Clay |
| President of the United States March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829 | Succeeded by Andrew Jackson | |
| United States House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by Joseph Richardson | Member from Massachusetts's 11th congressional district 1831 – 1833 | Succeeded by John Reed, Jr. (Redistricted) |
| Preceded by James L. Hodges | Member from Massachusetts's 12th congressional district 1833 – 1843 | District abolished |
| Preceded by William B. Calhoun | Member from Massachusetts's 8th congressional district 1843 – 1848 | Succeeded by Horace Mann |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by James Monroe | Democratic-Republican Party presidential candidate² 1824 | Party Disbanded |
| New political party | National Republican Party presidential candidate 1828 | Succeeded by Henry Clay |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by Andrew Jackson | Oldest U.S. President still living June 8, 1845 – February 23, 1848 | Succeeded by Martin Van Buren |
| Notes and references | ||
| 1. William Short can refer to William Short (Alberta politician (1866–1926 Mayor of Edmonton Alberta William Short (American ambassador The United States Mission to The Netherlands consists of the Embassy located in The Hague and a consular office located in Amsterdam William Vans Murray ( February 9, 1760 &ndash December 11, 1803) was an American lawyer politician and statesman from Cambridge The United States has had continuous diplomatic relations with the nation of Germany and its predecessor nation the Kingdom of Prussia, since 1835 Henry Wheaton ( November 27, 1785 - March 11, 1848) American Lawyer and Diplomat, was born at Providence William Short can refer to William Short (Alberta politician (1866–1926 Mayor of Edmonton Alberta William Short (American ambassador Since 1780 the United States has maintained diplomatic relations with Russia. James Bayard may refer to James A Bayard (elder (1767-1815 US Jonathan Russell ( February 27, 1771 – February 17, 1832 was a United States Representative from Massachusetts and diplomat In diplomacy chargé d’affaires ( French for “charged with (in charge of matters” is the title of two classes of diplomatic agents who head a diplomatic The office of United States Ambassador (or Minister to the United Kingdom (known formally as Ambassador to the Court of St Richard Rush ( August 29, 1780 &ndash July 30, 1859) was born in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Jonathan Mason ( September 12, 1756 &ndash November 1, 1831) was a Federalist United States Senator and Representative This is a chronological listing of the United States Senators from Massachusetts. Timothy Pickering ( July 17 1745 &ndash January 29 1829) was a politician from Massachusetts who served in a variety of roles James Lloyd may refer to James Lloyd (actor, English television actor James Tilghman Lloyd (Missouri U James Monroe (April 28 1758 – July 4 1831 was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825 The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=R000226 Massachusetts Congressional District 11 is an obsolete congressional district in eastern Massachusetts. John Reed Jr ( September 2, 1781 – November 25, 1860) was a Representative from Massachusetts. Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=H000674 Massachusetts's twelfth congressional district is an obsolete district Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=C000046 This article is about an early leader in education for the private school located in New York City see Horace Mann School. James Monroe (April 28 1758 – July 4 1831 was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825 In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9 1825 after the election was decided by the House For the party of Abraham Lincoln to George W Bush see Republican Party (United States (G The United States presidential election of 1828 featured a rematch between incumbent President John Quincy Adams and chief rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 List of United States Presidents by ageThis is a chronology of who was the oldest living President of the United States, former or current at any given time Martin Van Buren (December 5 1782 July 24 1862 was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841 There was over a thirty-four year period between Adams's and Wheaton's terms. 2. The Democratic-Republican Party split in 1824, fielding four separate candidates: Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and William Harris Crawford. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who William Harris Crawford ( February 24, 1772 &ndash September 15, 1834) was an important American politician | ||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Adams, John Quincy |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | American politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 11, 1767 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Braintree, Massachusetts |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 23, 1848 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Washington, D.C. |
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